DOCSLIB.ORG

Food Price Inflation and Food Security: a Morocco Case Study L’Inflation Des Prix Des Aliments Et La Sécurité Alimentaire : Une Étude De Cas Du Maroc

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Food Price Inflation and Food Security: a Morocco Case Study L’Inflation Des Prix Des Aliments Et La Sécurité Alimentaire : Une Étude De Cas Du Maroc Food Price Inflation and Food Security: A Morocco case study L’inflation des prix des aliments et la sécurité alimentaire : une étude de cas du Maroc Gabriel A. Huppé Sabrina Shaw Jason Dion Vivek Voora January 2013 www.iisd.org © 2013 The International Institute for Sustainable Development © 2013 The International Institute for Sustainable Development Published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development. International Institute for Sustainable Development The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change and energy, and management of natural and social capital, as well as the enabling role of communication technologies in these areas. We report on international negotiations and disseminate knowledge gained through collaborative projects, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity building in developing countries, better networks spanning the North and the South, and better global connections among researchers, practitioners, citizens and policy-makers. IISD’s vision is better living for all—sustainably; its mission is to champion innovation, enabling societies to live sustainably. IISD is registered as a charitable organization in Canada and has 501(c)(3) status in the United States. IISD receives core operating support from the Government of Canada, provided through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), and from the Province of Manitoba. The Institute receives project funding from numerous governments inside and outside Canada, United Nations agencies, foundations and the private sector. Head Office 161 Portage Avenue East, 6th Floor, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 0Y4 Tel: +1 (204) 958-7700 | Fax: +1 (204) 958-7710 | Website: www.iisd.org Food Price Inflation and Food Security: A Morocco case study L’inflation des prix des aliments et la sécurité alimentaire : une étude de cas du Maroc January 2013 Written by Gabriel A. Huppé, Sabrina Shaw, Jason Dion and Vivek Voora IISD REPORT JANUARY© 2013 2013 The International Institute for Sustainable Development Food Price Inflation and Food Security: A Morocco case study ii Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Summary for Policy-Makers .............................................................................................................................................................................3 Résumé directif ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Résumé à l’Intention des décideurs ..............................................................................................................................................................10 1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................15 2.0 Food Price Inflation ....................................................................................................................................................................................17 2.1 Factors That Cause Food Price Inflation .....................................................................................................................................18 2.1.1 Growing Demand From Developing Countries.............................................................................................................18 2.1.2 Changing Structure of Demand ........................................................................................................................................19 2.1.3 Energy Prices ...........................................................................................................................................................................19 2.1.4 Biofuels .....................................................................................................................................................................................20 2.1.5 Weather-Related Production Shortfalls..........................................................................................................................21 2.1.6 Stock Levels .............................................................................................................................................................................21 2.1.7 Operations on the Financial Market ...............................................................................................................................22 2.1.8 Short-Term Trade Policy Choices ...................................................................................................................................23 2.1.9 Exchange Rate Swings ........................................................................................................................................................23 2.1.10 Growing Scarcity of Viable Agricultural Land ...........................................................................................................24 2.1.11 Under-Investment ................................................................................................................................................................24 2.1.12 Interlinkages ..........................................................................................................................................................................25 2.2 Projections and Determinants .....................................................................................................................................................25 2.3 Impacts of Food Price Inflation ....................................................................................................................................................26 2.3.1 Rural and Urban Populations ............................................................................................................................................27 2.3.2 Influence on Diets ................................................................................................................................................................29 2.3.3 Stress and Potential Social Unrest .................................................................................................................................30 2.3.4 Other—Macroeconomic ....................................................................................................................................................31 3.0 Food Security ..............................................................................................................................................................................................32 4.0 The Trade and Food Security Nexus ...................................................................................................................................................35 5.0 Morocco Case Study ...............................................................................................................................................................................38 5.1 The Green Morocco Plan ..................................................................................................................................................................41 5.2 Food Security and Trade in Morocco .........................................................................................................................................43 5.3 Lentils .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 44 5.4 Impact of Reducing Import Tariffs on Lentils ..........................................................................................................................47 IISD REPORT JANUARY© 2013 2013 The International Institute for Sustainable Development Food Price Inflation and Food Security: A Morocco case study iii 6.0 Policy Responses to the Food Price Inflation, Food Security and Trade Nexus .....................................................................51 6.1 Global .....................................................................................................................................................................................................51 6.1.1 Reduce or Eliminate Food Import Duties .......................................................................................................................51 6.1.2 Export Restrictions ...............................................................................................................................................................52 6.1.3 Price Controls .........................................................................................................................................................................52 6.1 4 Drawing on and Building Food Grain Stocks ...............................................................................................................53 6.1.5 Safety Net Measures ...........................................................................................................................................................53
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia: Key Trends in the Agrifood Sector
    Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Jordan - and Jordan Tunisia Morocco, Egypt, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia Key trends in the agrifood sector in the agrifood Key trends Key trends in the agrifood sector Please address comments and inquiries to: Investment Centre Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Viale delle Terme di Caracalla – 00153 Rome, Italy [email protected] 22 Report No. www.fao.org/investment/en Report No. 22 - September 2015 I4897E/2/11.15 Egypt, Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia Key trends in the agrifood sector Nuno Santos Economist, Investment Centre Division, FAO Iride Ceccacci Food Security Economist, EBRD COUNTRY HIGHLIGHTS prepared under the FAO/EBRD Cooperation FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO or the EBRD in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO or the EBRD.
    [Show full text]
  • Solutions from an Environmental, Political, Social and Economic Perspective
    Morocco’s economy is growing at a sustained pace involving critical development activities in sectors like: Industry; agriculture; tourism; and energy. The water demand of these sectors will have to be met against the backdrop of shrinking water resources and amidst rapidly growing competition for water use. For the Public Disclosure Authorized country, adaptation to climate change is the cornerstone of any program or policy on sustainable development. Some economic sectors or ecosystems are more sensitive than others are to climate change and groundwater depletion is at the centre of all these concerns. FAO/WB Cooperative Public Disclosure Authorized Programme. Nationally determined contribution support on the groundwater, energy and food security nexus in Morocco. Final Draft Public Disclosure Authorized Ismail Oudra / Water Resources Specialist, (FAO-TCIA) Peter Talks / Agricultural Policy Specialist, (FAO-Consultant) The opinions expressed in this report remain solely those of the authors and not of the Government of Morocco. Public Disclosure Authorized 1 | P a g e FAO/WB Cooperative Programme: Nationally determined contribution support on the groundwater, energy and food security nexus in Morocco. CONTENTS Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................ 0 Acronyms .............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Greening the Agriculture System: Morocco's Political Failure In
    Greening the Agriculture System: Morocco’s Political Failure in Building a Sustainable Model for Development By Jihane Benamar Mentored by Dr. Harry Verhoeven A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of Honors in International Politics, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Spring 2018. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 2 • THE MOROCCAN PUZZLE .................................................................................................... 5 • WHY IS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IMPORTANT FOR MOROCCO? .............................. 7 • WHY THE PLAN MAROC VERT? .......................................................................................... 8 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................ 13 • A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR “DEVELOPMENT”....................................................... 14 • ROSTOW, STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT PROGRAMS (SAPS) & THE OLD DEVELOPMENT DISCOURSE ......................................................................................................................... 19 • THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPMENT .............................................................. 24 • SUSTAINABILITY AND THE DISCOURSE ON DEVELOPMENT & AGRICULTURE ................
    [Show full text]
  • Eu-Mediterranean Relations in the Field of Agriculture
    POLICY PAPER 91 18 APRIL 2013 EU-MEDITERRANEAN RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE THE EXAMPLE OF MOROCCO AND TURKEY Raúl Compés López | Professor of agricultural economics at the Universitat Politécnica de Valencia José-María García-Álvarez-Coque | Professor of agricultural economics at the Universitat Politécnica de Valencia Tomás García Azcárate | Civil servant at the DG Agriculture of the European Commission and lecturer at the Institute for European Studies of the Université Libre de Bruxelles (IEE-ULB) SUMMARY The EU institutional relationships with the Middle East and North African countries (MENA) started in the 50’s and are currently defined by the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP). Trade liberalisation plays a key role between the EU and the MENA countries. The Barcelona process or “Euro-Mediterranean Partnership” aims to establish a Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area. Currently there is duty free access to the EU market for manufac- tured goods and preferential treatment for exports of agricultural, processed agricultural and fisheries products. EU and MENA countries share common interests but have some issues that require pro-active strategies for cooperation in order to avoid negative results. The political integration process for candidate countries (the case of Turkey) demands institutional adaptation to EU’s rules such as the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Trade liberalisation can be positive in net terms but it also creates losers. Accompanying measures are needed to ensure everybody’s well-being in the medium and long term. The MENA countries with deeper relations with the EU are Turkey and Morocco. The trade balance between Morocco and Turkey with the EU is globally favourable to the EU but negative in the case of the agricultural trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Morocco's Efforts on the Knowledge Economy
    Morocco's efforts on the knowledge economy Abelkader DJEFLAT Consultant CMI Revised, September 2012 1 List of tables Table n°1: Classification of Mena countries according to KEI level and level of unemployment Table n°2 : Progress made by Morocco in Health and Education Table n°3 : Doing business in Morocco Table n°4 : the Building blocks of the Green Morocco Plan Table n°5: The six resorts benefiting from the Plan Azur (initial plan) Table n°6: Les five resorts planned in the Plan Azur 2020 (revised plan) Table n°7: The main components of the “Maroc Innovation Initiative” Table n°8 : Expected growth and balance of public/private funding of R&D by 2025 List of figures Figure n°1: GDP per capita in constant 2000 PPP adjusted dollars Figure n°2: Composition of output (%) Morocco and comparators Figure n°2b: Various trade agreements of Morocco Figure n°4 : The openness of the economy 1995-2004 Figure n°5: Rate of unemployment and age group (2011) Figure n°6: Percentage of first job seekers (2008) Figure n°7: Diversification Index (2008) Figure n°8: Diversification export index in Mena countries 2006 Figure 9: The HHI exports concentration index for selected countries Figure n°10: Morocco compared to Argentina and Turkey through KEI (KAM 2012) Figure n°11: Elements of the Global Competitiveness index in Morocco (2010 – 2011) Figure n°12: Doing Business Morocco ranking (2011 – 2012) Figure n°13 :Venture Capital Availability (2009-2010) Figure n°14: The Most Problematic Factors for Doing Business Figure n°15 : Scores of the education index
    [Show full text]
  • Labour Market Profile Morocco – 2020/2021
    Labour Market Profile Morocco – 2020/2021 Danish Trade Union Development Agency The profile provides a comprehensive overview of the labour market’s structures, development, and challenges. Danish Trade Union Development Agency Morocco Labour Market Profile 2020/2021 PREFACE Danish Trade Union Development Agency (DTDA) is the development and legal reforms, status vis-à-vis ILO development organisation of the Danish trade union conventions and labour standards, among others. movement. This agency was established in 1987 by the two largest Danish confederations – Danish Federation Primary sources of data and information for LMPs are: of Trade Unions (Danish acronym: LO) and Danish Confederation of Professionals (Danish acronym: FTF). • As part of programme implementation and These confederations merged to become the Danish monitoring, national partner organisations provide Trade Union Confederation (Danish acronym: FH) in annual narrative progress reports, including January 2019. Correspondingly, former known as information on labour market developments. LO/FTF Council was changed to DTDA. • National statistical institutions and international The work of DTDA is in line with the global Decent Work databanks are used as a source for collection of Agenda (DWA) based on its pillars: creating decent jobs, general (statistical) data and information such as guaranteeing rights at work, extending social protection, ILOSTAT and NATLEX, World Bank Open Data, ITUC and promoting social dialogue. The overall development Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights, the U.S. objective of DTDA’s interventions in the South is to Department of State as well as other international eradicate poverty and support the development of just recognised labour-related global indexes. and democratic societies by furthering the DWA.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Local Agroecological Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation: a Study of Tree-Based Options in Northern Morocco
    sustainability Article Using Local Agroecological Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation: A Study of Tree-Based Options in Northern Morocco Laura Kmoch 1,* , Tim Pagella 2 , Matilda Palm 1 and Fergus Sinclair 2,3 1 Division of Physical Resource Theory, Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Maskingränd 2, SE-41293 Gothenburg, Sweden; [email protected] 2 School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; [email protected] (T.P.); [email protected] (F.S.) 3 World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), P.O. Box 30677, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +46-76-077-2373 Received: 14 September 2018; Accepted: 8 October 2018; Published: 16 October 2018 Abstract: Communities in northern Morocco are vulnerable to increasing water scarcity and food insecurity. Context specific adaptation options thus need to be identified to sustain livelihoods and agroecosystems in this region, and increase the resilience of vulnerable smallholders, and their farming systems, to undesired effects of social-ecological change. This study took a knowledge-based systems approach to explore whether and how tree-based (i.e., agroforestry) options could contribute to meeting these adaptation needs. We analysed local agroecological knowledge of smallholders from the Mèknes–Tafilalet region, to (i) characterise existing farming systems at local landscape scale; (ii) identify possible niches for farm-trees within these systems; and (iii) explore locally perceived barriers to tree-based diversification. An iterative cycle of qualitative interviews, with a purposefully selected sample of 32 farmers, revealed that socio-economic constraints and agroecological conditions in the area differed markedly along a relatively short altitudinal gradient.
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting Investment Climate Reforms in Morocco's Agri-Food Sector
    Promoting investment climate reforms in Morocco’s agri-food sector Issues paper for the first private sector dialogue 13 July 2021, 14:00-16:30 (Rabat time), webinar This note aims at guiding the discussions of a virtual private sector dialogue (PPD) on “Promoting investment climate reforms in Morocco’s agri-food sector” on 13 July 2021. It provides an initial assessment of the sector, the role of FDI and key challenges affecting investments, with a focus on regulatory and business environment, R&D and climate change, and infrastructure and connectivity. Participants are invited to share their views and perspectives on common challenges and priorities for the agri-food sector. The conclusions will form the basis for a future PPD that will involve both Moroccan policymakers and agri- food representatives. This note is a draft document. Please do not quote or circulate. Contact [email protected] OFDE 2 Promoting investment climate reforms in Morocco’s agri- food sector Increased domestic and foreign investment in agri-food1 can enhance food security and nutrition, reduce poverty, and strengthen incomes and livelihoods. While in previous years agri-food was largely produced for domestic consumption or for export as final products, agri-food products are now global in their reach, with different activities of the value chain spread across several countries (Punthakey, 2020[1]). Today, agri-food value chains have experienced deeper integration into the global economy with both developing and emerging economies increasing their roles both as suppliers and markets of agri-food products (ibid). At a global level, agri-food is also becoming more interconnected with other sectors in the wider economy, including services, with trade and cross-border investment being driven by large multinational enterprises (MNEs) (OECD, 2019[2]).
    [Show full text]
  • Alinorm 03/17 Joint Fao/Who Food Standards Programme Codex
    ALINORM 03/17 JOINT FAO/WHO FOOD STANDARDS PROGRAMME CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION Twenty-sixth Session Rome, Italy, 30 June -7 July 2003 REPORT OF THE EIGHTEENTH SESSION OF THE CODEX COMMITTEE ON FATS AND OILS London, United Kingdom 3 – 7 February 2003 Note: This document incorporates Codex Circular Letter 2003/7-FO CX 5/15.2 CL 2003/7-FO March 2003 TO: - Codex Contact Points - Interested International Organizations FROM: -Secretary, Codex Alimentarius Commission, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, FAO, 00100 Rome, Italy SUBJECT: Distribution of the Report of the 18th Session of the Codex Committee on Fats and Oils (ALINORM 03/17) A. MATTERS FOR ADOPTION BY THE 26th SESSION OF THE CODEX ALIMENTARIUS COMMISSION Draft Standard and Code at Step 8 of the Procedure Draft Revised Standard for Olive Oils and Olive Pomace Oils (para. 31, Appendix II) Proposed Draft Standard and Code at Step 5/8 of the Procedure Proposed Draft Amendments to the Standard for Named Vegetable Oils (para. 65, 67, 69 Appendix III) - Inclusion of Palm Superolein to the Standard - Inclusion of Mid-Oleic Sunflower Oil to the Standard - Inclusion of the data on Palm Olein and Palm Stearin in Tables 3 and 4 Governments wishing to propose amendments or comments on the above documents should do so in writing in conformity with the Guide to the Consideration of Standards at Step 8 (see Procedural Manual of the Codex Alimentarius Commission) to the Secretary, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, FAO, via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy before 1 May 2003. B.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of Agriculture LIST of INTERCEPTED
    Bur.Ent. & P. Q. Issued May 1939 United States Department of Agriculture BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS LIST OF INTERCEPTED PLANT PESTS, 1937 (List of Pests Recorded During the Period July 1, 1936, to June 30, 1937, In- clusive, as Intercepted in, on, or with Plants and Plant Products Entering United States Territory.) INTRODUCTION The period covered by this report represents the twenty-fourth year for which lists of intercepted plant pests have been issued. While the earlier reports gave the details regarding practically all organisms found on the plant material in- spected, the present paper omits many organisms entirely and summarizes the interceptions of many common or incompletely determined pests in short para- graphs, hence the detailed table contains only a fraction of the total findings. This report is based on interceptions for which determinations were received and indexed during the fiscal year. Determinations for collections made late in the year are often received after the close of the year and are included with those of the following year. The summarized records cover pests intercepted in, on, or with plants and plant products (1) imported, (2) offered for but refused entry, (3) held as ships' stores, etc., and hence not imported through customs, (4) offered for entry for immediate export or for immediate transportation and exportation in bond, and (5) in domestic shipments reaching the mainland from Hawaii and Puerto Rico. A cross-indexed file covering the more important and interesting interceptions is maintained in Washington and serves as the basis for this list.
    [Show full text]
  • Morocco’S Mcontinent, Has a Total Area Middle of the Country and Extend Economy
    REGIONAL REPORT AH ighG Techr Age in Meorocnco: Plan to stimulate Growth OROCCO, located in the cities such as Fes and Meknes. The Agricultural development is still seen as the important northwest of the African Central Hills, that run along the springboard for development in other sectors of Morocco’s Mcontinent, has a total area middle of the country and extend economy. The local Authorities have therefore made of 450 000 km² (bigger than from northeast to southwest, con - substantial efforts to improve the productivity of Germany, slightly smaller than stitute the third geographical unit. agriculture. The Royal Estates, farming themselves neighbouring Spain) and 35 mil - They consist of the mountain lion inhabitants. It is bordered in ranges of the Central, Upper and thousands of hectares in a very High Tech fashion, have the west by the Atlantic Ocean, in Lower Atlas, which run almost par - almost always pioneered the introduction of the most the north by the Mediterranean allel to one another. The peak modern farming techniques in the country. As the cities grow Sea, in the northeast by Algeria (Mount Toubkal) is in the Upper and the number of people left farming the land decreases, and in the southeast and south by Atlas at 4,165 metres above sea there is an ever increasing need to intensify agricultural Mauritania. level; the famous city of Marrakech production. The country has therefore undertaken an Geographically, the country can be and other important economic/ divided into four units: The Coastal agricultural centres such as Beni extensive programme of education and technology transfer Plains, which extend along the Mellal are located just at the foot that will – hopefully – help to solve the most crucial problem entire Moroccan coastline, are of the mountains.
    [Show full text]
  • How Moroccan Ngos Illuminate the Nexus of Climate, Migration, Gender and Development
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations Graduate Program in International Studies Spring 2021 Institutional Stretching: How Moroccan NGOs Illuminate the Nexus of Climate, Migration, Gender and Development Shelby Mertens Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds Part of the Climate Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Growth and Development Commons, International Relations Commons, and the Migration Studies Commons Recommended Citation Mertens, Shelby. "Institutional Stretching: How Moroccan NGOs Illuminate the Nexus of Climate, Migration, Gender and Development" (2021). Master of Arts (MA), Thesis, , Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/p7pm-qz19 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds/133 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Program in International Studies at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INSTITUTIONAL STRETCHING: HOW MOROCCAN NGOS ILLUMINATE THE NEXUS OF CLIMATE, MIGRATION, GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT by Shelby Mertens B.A. December 2013, Virginia Commonwealth University A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2021 Approved by: Jennifer Fish (Member) Hanne Haaland (Member) Erika Frydenlund (Director) Matthew DiLorenzo (Member) ABSTRACT INSTITUTIONAL STRETCHING: HOW MOROCCAN NGOS ILLUMINATE THE NEXUS OF CLIMATE, MIGRATION, GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT Shelby Mertens Old Dominion University, 2021 Director: Dr. Erika Frydenlund The global migration crisis the world has experienced thus far is only the tip of the iceberg.
    [Show full text]