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Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48244-8 — In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire David M. Robinson Index More Information Index Abū Saʿīd, 36, 87, 320 audience, 1, 5, 9, 12, 14–16, 21–22, 24, 33, 38, Ahmad Tegüder, 87 69, 78, 90, 95, 104, 130–31, 134–35, 144, _ Aiyan-Temür, 243 146, 148, 152, 154, 156–58, 171–76, 179, Ajashiri, 150, 257, See also Prince of Liao 186, 191, 246, 254, 258, 263, 269, 286, and negotiations with Ming court, 254 288, 295, 303–4, 317 and Taining Guard, 255 diversity of, 311 as Yuan descendant, 256 Eurasian, 314–16 Zhu Yuanzhang’s letter to, 256 and Ming legitimacy, 318 Alan Qoa. See Alan the Fair and Ming Yuzhen, 143 Alan the Fair, 43 Japanese, 290, 307 allegiance, 20–21, 24, 33–34, 38, 42, 46–47, and political legitimacy, 82 56–58, 67, 73, 76, 79, 83, 88, 90, 95, 99, for Ming dynasty’s message, 12 104, 107, 114, 116, 120, 124, 130–31, post-imperial Eurasian, 4 134, 139, 141–44, 159, 169, 172, 176, with Qubilai, 241 182–83, 186, 192, 237, 246, 250–51, and uncertainty of Ming dynasty’s future, 253–55, 264, 268, 274, 276–77, 280, 293, 320 313, 315 of Zhu Yuanzhang, 305 emblem of, 168 for Zhu Yuanzhang’s messages, 9 transfer to Ming court, 89 audience protocol, 322 Allsen, Thomas, 31 Ayurbarwada, 63, 75 al-Malik al-Zahir Barquq, 41 Ayushiridara, 177, 179, 183, 251, 253, 282, Alqui-Temür, 56 287, 316 Alugh-Temür, 92 attack on his qualifications to rule, 205 execution of, 93 and bureaucratic emblems of legitimacy, 77 Ancestral Injunctions of The Grand and Chinggisid ancestry, 213 Progenitor, 177 death of, 80, 162, 211 Annam, 174, 249, 308 early reign, 69 Arghun, 34, 87 education of, 133 Arghun Aqa, 34 envoys to Koryo˘ court, 73 Ariq-Böke, 55–56, 67, 83, 86 and failed rulership, 211 identity of, 85 flight from Yingchang, 250 and rivaly with Qubilai, 83 as heir apparent, 193 and Yuan ruling house, 56 and Koryo˘ court, 74 Arugtai and Latter Yuan, 51 and Gülichi, 264 and letters from Zhu Yuanzhang, 176, and Öjei-Temür, 264 203–7, 209–10 Aruqtu, 169 and Maidaribala, 205 Ashikaga and Ming court, 78 and letter from Zhu Yuanzhang, 304–5 named as Great Khan, 173 Ashikaga military government, 290, 292, prayer for Ayushiridara’s soul, 213 307 prayer text to, 214 relations with Zhu Yuanzhang, 288 and Prince of Liang, 231 364 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48244-8 — In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire David M. Robinson Index More Information Index 365 and Qara-Qorum, 74 Chinggis Khan, 3–4, 8, 24, 36, 39, 41–43, reign of, 68 45–46, 49–50, 56, 63, 70, 75, 81, 107, and reign title, 230 280, 314, 322 reign title of, 54 comparisons with Zhu Yuanzhang, 214 and symbols of legitimacy, 70 Chintei Kaiju, 291 and Tibet, 76 Choso˘n, 6, 49, 52–53, 277, 280, 284–86, and transmission of Chinggisid power, 85 317–18, 320 and Yuan revival, 72 and 1419 campaign against Tsushima, and Zhu Yuanzhang, 202 300 Zhu Yuanzhang’s letter to, 176 Chronicles of Japan, 298 Collected Writings of the Grand Progenitor of Baghdad, 11, 46, 74, 97 the Great Ming, 152, 190, 209–10, 308 Barlas, 39 Complete Work on the Historical Records of Batu, 51, 124, 227 the Great Việt, 310 Batu-Möngke, 51 Craig Clunas, 18 Bayan, 70, 137, 260 Bayan-Temür, 275 Đai Việtsử ký toàn thư. See Complete Work on _ Baybars, 32 the Historical Records of the Đai Việt _ Beijing, 58, 75, 90–91, 99, 101, 103, 324 Daidu, 11, 17, 24, 40, 46–48, 51, 58–59, Beiping Regional Military Commission, 89, 91 62–65, 67–70, 75, 78, 82, 97–99, 103–5, Besh-baliq, 106, 264–65, 267–68 109–10, 112, 125, 147, 164, 172–73, 177, Bolad, 34 182, 198, 203, 249, 251, 265, 274–76, Bolad-Temür, 59, 182 278–79, 286, 302, 316 Book of Kings, 317 and 1330 succession crisis, 226 Bozhou, 239 and fall of Jin capital, 58 Brocade Guard, 14, 79, 184, 263 as hinge between steppe and sown, 63 brocade textiles, 173, 176, 235 as last bastion of Yuan power, 59 Brush of the Hongwu Emperor, 151 as site of Yuan court patronage, 59 Buddhism, 11–12 fall of, 24, 47–49, 58, 235 and Middle Capital, 64 ties to Kaegyo˘ng, 282 and Qara-Qorum, 76 Dali, 51, 72, 80–81, 240 and Qara-Qoto, 101, 109–10, 113 and Ayushiridara, 231 and Song ruling family, 205 and Buddhist stupa, 230 and Yingchang, 65 and Duan Bao, 237 and Yunnan monasteries, 230 and Duan family, 227, 235–37 and Yunnan stupa, 243 and Duan Shi, 240 deities, 289, 297 governance, 226 teachings, 297 and Ming Chinggisid narrative, 224 Budnara, 168 and Ming envoys, 241 Bunyashiri, 39, 80, 123, 178 and Ming garrisons, 242 and Mongol diaspora, 99 Cai Meibiao, 49 people of, 235 Cairo, 16, 46, 99, 313 and Prince of Liang, 234 calendar, 57, 76, 99, 104, 215, 230–31, 275, and Prince of Yunnan, 228 281 Qubilai conquest of, 237 cash, 91, 150, 169, 179, 182–83, 239, 266, 298 and Xuanguang reign title, 230 Chaghadai, 36, 39–44, 67, 76, 87, 106–7, 122, Darmaja, 252 247, 259, 265, 268, 317 Darmashirin, 32, 36, 87 Chaghan-Temür, 191, 196 data, 14 Champa, 174, 249, 295, 301, 308 Datong, 68, 88 Chang Yuchun, 68 daur, 261 and Lan Yu, 163 dawlat, 261 Cheju Island, 243, 279 Dayan Khan, 51 Chen Youliang, 138, 142, 278 Dazaifu, 289, 293, 303 as warlord, 145 Dehli Sultanate, 33 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48244-8 — In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire David M. Robinson Index More Information 366 Index Delhi, 16, 30, 32, 35, 46, 324 as senior Ming commander, 185 Dianchi Lake, 239 suicide of, 98 diaspora, 10, 17, 21, 30–31, 33, 35, 42, 45, 99, fire phase, 207 131, 135, 282, 313, 324 fortunes, 7, 59, 68, 131, 136, 138–41, 171, 183, Dibaonu, 165, 179–80 197–98, 204, 221, 233–34, 245–46, 250, Zhu Yuanzhang’s use of, 181 256, 262, 268, 278, 312 dictionary, 83, 190, 254, 266 Fu Youde Digest of The Official History of the Koryo˘ and Buddhist rites, 243 Dynasty,52 and Duan Shi, 240–42 Dorjiban, 114 and Nair-Buqa, 90 Duan Bao, 227, 237 and Yunnan campaign, 239, 244 Duan family, 232, 235–37, 240–41 and Zhu Yuanzhang, 239 as Mongol collaborator, 229 suicide of, 98 and Nanzhao, 224 and Prince of Liang, 227 Gansu, 48–49, 58, 72, 76–77, 99, 104–5, 108, Duan Gong, 227 110–12, 115–22, 148, 159, 166, 319 Duan Guang, 233 Ganzhou, 103, 108, 110–11, 113, 115, 117–19, Duan Sheng, 233 122 Dūghlāt, 43–45, 118, 178, 265 genealogy, 39–40, 43, 75, 84, 263, 322 Genealogy of the Turks,84 Ejin Banner, 101 Ghāzan Khan, 38 Elbeg, 85, 178 Ghāzan-nāma. See Tale of Ghazan Emperor Ōjin, 298 gift Empress Jingū, 298–300 to Ayushiridara from Ming throne, Empress Ki, 59, 68, 205, 279, 282 176 Empress Ma, 185 to Bolad-Temür from Ming throne, 182 Engke, 82, 84, 100, 257 and diplomacy, 166 envoy, 5, 15, 17, 34–35, 49, 54, 73, 77, 90, to Duan family from Ming throne, 235 96, 129, 148, 167–68, 170, 182, 192–93, exchanges between Timurid and Ming 203, 205, 238–39, 241, 243–44, 248, courts, 259 258–59, 262, 264, 266, 268–69, 274, exchanges between Yuan and Koryo˘ court, 276–77, 282, 285–86, 288, 292, 297, 277 302–3, 308, 317 from foreign courts to Ming throne, Ming envoy to Japan, 292 248 Ming envoy to Nair-Buqa, 88 to Lan Yu from foreign ruler, 182 Nair-Buqa’s envoy to Ming court, 88 from Luchuan nobles to Ming throne, envoys 245 from Japan to Ming dynasty, 288 to Mongol nobles from Ming throne, 169 Esen-Buqa Khan, 44 to Mongols from Ming throne, 169 ethnic allegiance, 142, 144 to the Ming throne, 148 Etsin River, 106 from the Ming throne, 34, 79, 81, 130, 168 eunuch, 15, 94–95, 173, 176, 181–82, 184, to Nair-Buqa from Zhu Yuanzhang, 91 239, 242, 264, 274, 279, 286 from Tamma to Yuan throne, 282 Three Guard exchanges with Ming throne, Fagū,94–95 255 Fang Guozhen, 137, 294 from the Yuan throne, 66 and Zhu Yuanzhang, 146 from Yuan to Koryo˘ court, 276 Fang Xiaoru, 132 Go-Daigo, 293, 295 Fars, 38 Golden Horde, 8, 35–36, 39, 99, 317–18, Feng Sheng, 120 321–22 and 1372 steppe campaign, 159 Gotō Islands and Gansu campaign, 72, 115, 117 and piracy, 294 and withdrawal from Gansu, 117–18 Great Hunt on Heavenly Mountain, 275 and Zhu Yuanzhang, 93 Great Prince Shenbao, 192 as Red Rebel, 77 Great Seal, 81–82 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-48244-8 — In the Shadow of the Mongol Empire David M. Robinson Index More Information Index 367 Great Việt, 308, 310 jade seal, 69–70, 167 Guantong, 170–71 Jalayirid dynasty, 38 and Naghachu, 258 Japan, 73, 273, 282–83, 285, 287, 291–92, and Nair-Buqa, 90, 96 295–304, 308–9, 320 Guide to the Learning of Technocrats, 266 abortive invasion of, 4, 288 Gülichi, 123, 264 and impact of Mongol abortive invasions, Gunashiri, 117, 255, 268 289 güregen, 39, 42, 260 and Tamma Island, 281 gūrgān, 39, 260 Zhu Yuanzhang communications with, 136 Java, 249, 295, 301, 308 Hachiman gudōkin, 298, See Lessons for a jaya, 258, 261 Simple Boy of Hachiman Jewel Translucent Sutra,55 Hakata, 289, 293, 299, 306 Jin shu.
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  • The Imperial Tomb Tablet of the Great Ming

    The Imperial Tomb Tablet of the Great Ming

    The Imperial Tomb Tablet of the Great Ming 大明皇陵之碑 With translation into English, annotations and commentary by Laurie Dennis October 2017 The town of Fengyang 凤阳, to the north of Anhui Province in the heart of China, may seem at first glance to be an ordinary, and rather unremarkable, provincial outpost. But carefully preserved in a park southwest of the town lies a key site for the Ming Dynasty, which ruled the Middle Kingdom from 1368 until 1644. Fengyang is where the eventual dynastic founder lost most of his family to the plague demons. This founder, Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋, was a grieving and impoverished peasant youth when he buried his parents and brother and nephew on a remote hillside near the town that he later expanded, renamed, and tried (unsuccessfully) to make his dynastic capital. Though Zhu had to leave his home to survive in the aftermath of the burial, he was a filial son, and regretted not being able to tend his family graves. Soon after becoming emperor, he transformed his family’s unmarked plots into a grand imperial cemetery for the House of Zhu, flanked by imposing statues (see the photo above, taken in 2006). He ordered that a stone tablet be placed before the graves, and carved with the words he wanted his descendants to read and ponder for generation after generation. The focus of this monograph is my translation of this remarkable text. The stele inscribed with the words of Zhu Yuanzhang, known as the Imperial Tomb Tablet of the Great Ming 大明皇陵之碑, or the Huangling Bei, stands over 7 meters high and is borne on the back of a stone turtle.