Anderson, John. Religious Liberty in Transitional Societies: The Politics of Religion (Cambridge University Press, 2009) Berglund, Bruce R. and Brian Porter-Szucs˝ (eds.). Christianity and Modernity in Eastern Europe (Central European University Press, 2010) Borowik, Irena (ed.). Religions, Churches and Religiosity in Post-Communist Europe (Nomos, 2006) ——and Miklós Tomka (eds.). Religion and Social Change in Post-Communist Europe (Nomos, 2001) Byrnes, Timothy A. Transnational Catholicism in Post-Communist Europe (Rowman & Littleﬁeld, 2001) ——and Peter J. Katzenstein (eds.). Religion in an Expanding Europe (Cambridge University Press, 2006) Juergensmeyer, Mark (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions (Oxford University Press, 2006) Marinovic´ Jeromilov, Dinka, Siniša Zrinšcak,ˇ and Irena Borowik (eds.). Religion and Patterns of Social Transformation (Institute for Social Research, Zagreb, 2004) Michalski, Krzysztof (ed.). Religion in the New Europe (Central European University Press, 2006) Ramet, Pedro. Cross and Commissar: The Politics of Religion in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union (Indiana University Press, 1987) ——(ed.). Catholicism and Politics in Communist Societies (Duke University Press, 1990) ——(ed.). Eastern Christianity and Politics in the Twentieth Century (Duke University Press, 1988) ——(ed.). Religion and Nationalism in Soviet and East European Politics, Rev. ed. (Duke University Press, 1989) Ramet, Sabrina P. Nihil Obstat: Religion, Politics, and Social Change in East-Central Europe and Russia (Duke University Press, 1998) ——(ed.). Protestantism and Politics in Eastern Europe and Russia: The Communist and Post-Communist Eras (Duke University Press, 1992) Stan, Lavinia and Lucian Turcescu. Church, State, and Democracy in Expanding Europe (Oxford University Press, 2011) Tomka, Miklós. Expanding Religion: Religious Revival in Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe (De Gruyter, 2010) ——and Paul M. Zulehner (eds.). Religion During and After Communism (SCM Press, 2000) Zucca, Lorenzo and Camil Ungureanu (eds.). Law, State and Religion in the New Europe: Debates and Dilemmas (Central European University Press, 2012)

317 318 Further Reading

European Islam

Durham, W. Cole Jr., David M. Kirkham, and Tore Lindholm (eds.). Islam and Political-Cultural Europe (Ashgate, 2013) Durham, W. Cole Jr., Rik Torfs, David M. Kirkham, and Christine Scott (eds.). Islam, Europe and Emerging Legal Issues (Ashgate, 2012) Ferreiro, Juan. Islam and State in the EU: Church-State Relationships, Reality of Islam, Imams Training Centres (Peter Lang, 2011) Öktem, Kerem. “Between Emigration, De-Islamization and the Nation-State: Muslim Communities in the Balkans Today”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 2 (June 2011)

Albanians (Albania and Kosovo)

Babuna, Aydin. “The Albanians of Kosovo and Macedonia: Ethnic Identity Superseding Religion”, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 28, Issue 1 (March 2000) Duijzings, Ger. Religion and the Politics of Identity in Kosovo (Columbia University Press, 2000) Krasniqi, Gëzim. “The ‘Forbidden Fruit’: Islam and Politics of Identity in Kosovo and Macedonia”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 2 (June 2011) Lederer, György. “Islam in Albania”, Central Asian Survey, Vol. 13, Issue 3 (January 1994) Trix, Frances. “The Resurfacing of Islam in Albania”, East European Quarterly, Vol. 28, No. 4 (Winter 1994) Young, Antonia. “Religion and Society in Present-Day Albania”, Journal of Contemporary Religion, Vol. 14, Issue 1 (January 1999)

Bulgaria

Apostolov, Mario. “The Pomaks: A Religious Minority in the Balkans”, Nationali- ties Papers, Vol. 24, Issue 4 (December 1996) Broun, Janice. “The Bulgarian Orthodox Church: The Continuing Schism and the Religious, Social and Political Environment”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 22, No. 3 (2004) ——. “Rehabilitation and Recovery: Bulgaria’s Muslim Communities”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 35, Issue 2 (2007) Ghodsee, Kristen. Muslim Lives in Eastern Europe: Gender, Ethnicity, and the Transformation of Islam in Post-Socialist Bulgaria (Princeton University Press, 2010) Kalkandjieva, Daniela. “ ‘Secular Orthodox Christianity’ versus ‘religious Islam’ in Post-Communist Bulgaria”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 36, Issue 4 (2008) Merdjanova, Ina. “Uneasy Tolerance: Interreligious Relations in Bulgaria After the Fall of Communism”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 35, Issue 2 (2007) Ragaru, Nadege. “Islam in Post-Communist Bulgaria: An Aborted ‘Clash of Civilizations’?”, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 29, Issue 2 (June 2001) Further Reading 319

Riis, Carsten. Religion, Politics, and Historiography in Bulgaria (East European Monographs, 2002)

Czechs and Slovaks

Byrnes, Timothy A. “Church and Nation in the Slovak Republic”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 25, Issue 3 (1997) Halik, Tomás. “Church and Society in Czechoslovakia: The Evangelisation of a Post-Communist Country”, Religion in Communist Lands, Vol. 19, Issue 1–2 (June 1991) Hlinka, Anton. “Russian Orthodox and Greek Catholics in Slovakia”, Religion in Communist Lands, Vol. 17, Issue 4 (January 1989) O’Mahoney, Joan. “The Catholic Church and Civil Society: Democratic Options in the Post-Communist Czech Republic”, West European Politics, Vol. 26, Issue 1 (January 2003) Sorokowski, Andrew. “Ukrainian Catholics and Orthodox in Czechoslovakia”, Religion in Communist Lands, Vol. 15, Issue 1 (March 1987) Winter, Sidonie F. “Quo Vadis? The Roman Catholic Church in the Czech Republic”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 26, Issue 3–4 (1998)

Hungary

Blum, Paul Richard. “The Catholic Church in Hungary: A Case of Remodernisation?”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 27, Issue 3–4 (1999) Németh, Géza. “The Renewal Movement in the Hungarian Reformed Church”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 21, No. 1 (1993) Patkai, Robert. “The Lutheran Church in Hungary: Coming to Terms with the Past”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 22, Issue 3 (1994) Pungur, Joseph. “Church-State Relations in the New Hungary”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 22, Issue 4 (1994) Reuss, András. “Lutheranism in Hungary in the Aftermath of Communism”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 22, Issue 3 (1994) Ross, Freda. “The Krishna Movement in Hungary”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 23, Issue 2 (1995)

Poland

Borowik, Irena. “Why Has Religiosity in Poland not Changed since 1989?”, Politics and Religion, Vol. 3, No. 2 (August 2010) Jelen, Ted G. and Clyde Wilcox. “Continuity and Change in Attitudes Toward Abortion: Poland and the United States”, Politics and Gender (2005), no. 2 Karpov, Vyacheslav. “Religiosity and Political Tolerance in Poland”, Sociology of Religion, Vol. 60, No. 4 (Winter 1999) ——. “Religiosity and Tolerance in the United States and Poland”, Journal for the Scientiﬁc Study of Religion, Vol. 41, No. 2 (June 2002) Kloczowski, Jerzy. A History of Polish Christianity (Cambridge University Press, 2008) 320 Further Reading

Korbonski, Andrzej. “Poland Ten Years after: The Church”, Communist and Post- Communist Studies, Vol. 33, Issue 1 (March 2000) Michlic, Joanna. “ ‘The Open Church’ and ‘the Closed Church’ and the Discourse on Jews in Poland between 1989 and 2000”, Communist and Post-Communist Studies, Vol. 37, Issue 4 (December 2004)

Romania

Andreescu, Liviu. “Romania’s New Law on Religious Freedom and Religious Denominations”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 36, Issue 2 (2008) Broun, Janice. “The Latin-Rite Roman Catholic Church of Romania”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 12, Issue 2 (1984) Philippi, Paul. “The Lutheran Church in Romania in the Aftermath of Commu- nism”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 22, Issue 3 (1994) Stan, Lavinia and Lucian Turcescu. Religion and Politics in Post-Communist Romania (Oxford University Press, 2007) ——. “Religion, Politics and Sexuality in Romania”, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 57, Issue 2 (March 2005) ——. “The Romanian Orthodox Church and Post-Communist Democratisation”, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 52, Issue 8 (December 2000)

Yugoslav successor states (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro)

Bellamy, Alex J. “The Catholic Church and Croatia’s Two Transitions, I”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 30, Issue 1 (March 2002) Bremer, Thomas. “The Catholic Church and its Role in Politics and Society”, in Sabrina P. Ramet, Konrad Clewing, and Reneo Lukic (eds.). Croatia since Independence: War, Politics, Society, Foreign Relations (R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2008) Buchenau, Klaus. “Orthodox Values and Modern Necessities: Serbian Orthodox Clergy and Lay People on Democracy, Human Rights, Transition, and Glob- alization”, in Ola Listhaug, Sabrina P. Ramet, and Dragana Dulic(eds.).´ Civic and Uncivic Values: Serbia in the Post-Miloševi´cEra(Central European University Press, 2011) Cacanoska, Ružica. “The Emergence and Development of Protestantism in Macedonia”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 29, Issue 2 (June 2011) Clark, Janine Natalya. “Religion and Reconciliation in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Are Religious Actors Doing Enough?”, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 62, Issue 4 (June 2010) Cohen, Lenard J. “Prelates and Politicians in Bosnia: The Role of Religion in Nationalist Mobilisation”, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 25, Issue 3 (September 1997) Ilic,´ Angela V. “Navigating Two Worlds: The Role of Religious Communities in Preserving the Identity of Hungarians in Vojvodina (Serbia)”, Politics and Religion, Vol. 3, No. 2 (August 2010) Friedman, Francine. “The Muslim Slavs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Refer- ence to the Sandžak of Novi Pazar): Islam as National Identity”, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 28, Issue 1 (March 2000) Further Reading 321

Karciˇ c,´ Harun. “Islam after Communism in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Brief Study”, in Ola Listhaug and Sabrina P. Ramet (eds.). Bosnia-Herzegovina since Dayton: Civic and Uncivic Values (Longo Editore, forthcoming) ——. “Islamic Revival in Post-socialist Bosnia and Herzegovina: International Actors and Activities”, Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 30, Issue 4 (December 2010) Perica, Vjekoslav. Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States (Oxford University Press, 2004) ——. “The Most Catholic Country in Europe? Church, State, and Society in Contemporary Croatia”, Religion, State and Society, Vol. 34, Issue 4 (2006) Ramet, Sabrina P. “The Serbian Church and the Serbian Nation”, in Sabrina Petra Ramet and Donald W. Treadgold (eds.). Render unto Caesar: The Religious Sphere in World Politics (American University Press, 1995) Rastoder, Šerbo. “Religion and Politics – the Montenegrin Perspective”, in Dragica Vujadinovic,´ Lino Veljak, Vladimir Goati, and Veselin Pavicevi´ c(eds.).´ Between Authoritarianism and Democracy: Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Vol. 2: Civil Society and Political Culture (CEDET, 2005) Ringdal, Gerd Inger and Kristen Ringdal. “Does Religiosity Protect Against War- Related Distress? Evidence from Bosnia-Herzegovina”, Politics and Religion, Vol. 3, No. 2 (August 2010) Roter, Zdenko. “The Church and Contemporary Slovene History”, Nationalities Papers, Vol. 21, Issue 1 (March 1993) Smrke, Marjan. “Impact of the ‘Holy Crash’ on Trust in the Church in Slovenia”, East European Politics and Societies, published online in February 2013 ——and Tatjana Rakar. “Religious Education in Slovenia”, in Zorica Kuburicand´ Christian Moe (eds.). Religion and Pluralism in Education: Comparative Approaches in the Western Balkans (The European Wergeland Centre, 2006) Vukomanovic,´ Milan. “The Serbian Orthodox Church as a Political Actor in the Aftermath of October 5, 2000”, Politics and Religion, Vol. 1, No. 2 (August 2008) ——. “The Serbian Orthodox Church: Between Traditionalism and Fundamen- talism”, in Ulrika Mårtensson, Jennifer Bailey, Priscilla Ringrose, and Asbjørn Dyrendal (eds.), Fundamentalism in the Modern World, Vol. 1: Fundamentalism, Politics, and History: The State, Globalization and Political Ideology (I. B. Tauris, 2011) Zrinšcak,ˇ Siniša. “Religion and Values”, in Sabrina P. Ramet and Davorka Matic´ (eds.). Democratic Transition in Croatia: Value Transformation, Education and Media (Texas A&M University Press, 2007) Name Index

Note: Locators with letter ‘n’ refer to notes.

Abramovic,´ Antonije, 252 Borovac, Semiha, 8 Adamovich, Ljubiša S., 172n3 Borowik, Irena, 18n10, n12, 52n132, Adriányi, Gábor, 88 134, 129–30n51, 18n10, n12, Agadjanian, Alexander, 207n58 44n2, 52n132, n134, 129n51–52 Ahtik, Miroslav, 208n72 Brajovic,´ Zoran, 156, 170 Aleksy II, Patriarch, 272–3 Bremer, Thomas, 206n55 Alinciˇ c,´ Mira, 152n10 Brezanóczy, Pál, 93 Amﬁlohije, Metropolitan of Broun, Janice, 277, 283n22, n23, n25, Montenegro, 189, 243, 249–50, 285n48, 285n52 254–7 Bubák, Milan, 67 Anciˇ c,´ Branko, 131–54 Buchenau, Klaus, 22 n55 Anderson, John, 17n3, 45n3 Bula,Jan,80 Andreescu, Liviu, 17n2, 19n25 Bulányi, Fr. György, 104 Ankica, Marinovíc, 131–154 Bulatovic,´ Momir, 249 Antall, József, 104 Bush, George H. W., 122 Appleby, R. Scott, 171 Byrnes, Timothy A., 17n2, 45n7 Atkinson, David, 278 Casaroli, Agostino Cardinal, 88–9, 97 Badal, Milan, 66 Ceau¸sescu, Nicolae, 10, 270 Badalik, Bertalan, 88 Cedro, Wacław, 32 Bartholomew, Patriarch of Ceric,´ Mustafa (Grand Mufti), 169, Constantinople, 243, 273 215, 224, 227–8 Bartolomeu, Metropolitan of Cluj, 269 Chéli, Giovanni, 96–7, 102 Basescu,˘ Traian, 7, 269–70 Cigar, Norman, 172n6, 173n10 Beauclerk, John, 169 Ciobotea, Daniel, 266 Becali, Gigi, 270–1 Clark, Janine Natalya, 155–79, 315 Benedict XVI, Pope, 14, 32, 39, 55, 74, Constantinescu, Emil, 269 78, 187 Corneanu, Nicolae, 10 Beokovic,´ Jelena, 206n47 Crvenkovski, Branko, 246 Beresztóczy, Miklós, 87 Cserháti, Bishop József, 91 Berger, Peter L., 206n54 Czajkowski, Micha, 30 Berisha, Sali, 306 Bezák, Róbert, 67 Davídek, Bishop Felix, 64 Biedron, Robert, 37 Davie, Grace, 210n92 Blagojevic,´ Mirko, 199, 204n1, Dedeic,´ Metropolitan Miraš 206n53, 207n6 (Montenegro), 252 Blumi, Isa, 286–313 Dinka, Siniša Zrinšcak,ˇ 131–51 Bogomilova, Nonka, 204n11, 206n49 Djindjic,´ Zoran, 219 Bogye, János, 102–3 Djordjevic,´ Mirko, 242 Boja, Rexhep, 293, 302–3 Djukanovic,´ Milo, 249–50, 254, 256–7 Bojovic,´ Želimir, 208n75 Dobeš, Josef, 78

322 Name Index 323

Dragojovic,´ Dragan, 217 Hanuš, J., 63 Dragoš, Sreco,ˇ 127 Haradinaj, Ramush, 297–8 Dudás, Bertalan, 98 Harangozó, Szilveszter, 99–101 Dudás, Miklós, 98 Hassanein, Muhammed Elfatih, Duka, Dominik, 60, 66, 70–1, 76, 78–9 216–17 Dulic,´ Dragana, 19n18 Hejmo, Fr. Konrad, 10, 29 Durham, W. Cole Jr., 17n3, 24n74, Horváth, Richárd, 87 45n3, 152n11, 283n21, 284n3 Hoxha, Enver, 4, 293, 305 Dziwisz, Stanislaw Cardinal, 30 Hubenák,ˇ Ladislav, 59 Huntington, Samuel P., 173n11 Elﬁc,´ Emir, 229 Hus, Jan, 60 Endrey, Mihály, 89 Evans, Malcolm, 278 Ilíc, Angela V., 205n28, 208n71 Iliescu, Ion, 269–70 Ferrari, Silvio, 151n3 Inokentyi, Patriarch (Bulgaria), 273 Fiala, Petr, 54, 63–4, 79 Iordachi, Constantin, 206n56 Fico, Robert, 75 Irinej, Patriarch of Serbia, 187, Finci, Jakob, 169 190, 196 Fittipaldi, Emiliano, 130n55 Isakowicz-Zaleski, Tadeusz, 30–3 Földesi, Jenô, 101 Ivanov, Gjorge, 247 Friedman, Francine, 231n2 Ivekovic,´ Ivan, 172n2 Izetbegovic,´ Alija, 212, 214 Gadecki, Stanisław, 39 Galaktion of Stara Zagora, 10 Jancarz, Kazimierz, 32 Gendzhev, Nedim, 10 Janus, Julius, 107 Georgievski, Ljubco,ˇ 242–3 Jeromilov, Dinka Marinovic,´ 131–54 Geréb, Sándor, 96 Jerotic,´ Vladeta, 200 Ghodsee, Kristen, 293, 310n12 John Paul II, Pope, 4–5, 8, 26, 29, 39, Gjellerod, Henning, 278 59, 61, 80, 102, 121–2, 186–7 Glemp, Józef Cardinal, 28, 31, 40 John XXIII, Pope, 119 Gligorov, Kiro, 243 John, Radek, 71 Glód´z, Archbishop Sławoj, 41 Jovan, Metropolitan of Macedonia, Goati, Vladimir, 260n55 188, 244–7 Goeckel, Robert F., 314–16 Jovanovic,´ Cedomir,ˇ 219 Gorny, Kazimierz, 32 Jovanovic,´ Obren, 256 Gošev, Petar, 242–3 Jovanovic,´ Vanja, 167 Graczyk, Roman, 33 Jukic,´ Jakov, 151n6 Groer, Hans Hermann Cardinal, 39 Jusufspahic,´ Hamdija, 215–17, 223–4 Gruevski, Nikola, 245, 248 Jusufspahic,´ Muhamed, 229 Gülen, Fethullah, 306–7 Gyarmati, György, 11 Kaczynski,´ Lech, 40 Gyulay, Endre, 102 Kádár, János, 86–7 Kadare, Ismail, 305 Hadzhi, Mustafa, 10 Káldy, Bishop Zoltán, 11 Hadžic,´ Goran, 166 Kalisz, Ryszard, 36 Hadžic,´ Harun, 215 Karaivanov, Dian, 278 Hájek, Petr, 76 Katzenstein, Peter J., 17n2, 45n7 Halík, Tomáš, 63, 71, 78 Kerekes, see Pataky, Kornél Hamvas, Endre, 89 Kerum, Željko, 8 324 Name Index

Kidawa-Blonska, Małgorzata, 38 Mladic,´ Ratko, 166 Kiril of Varna, Metropolitan Moe, Christian, 153n31 (Bulgaria), 10 Molnár, István, 95 Kirill I, Patriarch (Russia), 187 Momchev, Krasimir, 278 Klaus, Václav, 60, 71–2 Morrison, Kenneth, 161, 163–4, Koçi, Haﬁz Sabri, 305 176n64, 240–62, 315 Korbonski, Andrzej, 45n17 Moskal, Edward, 35 Kostov, Hari, 245 Mraa, ˛ Nikolaj, 169 Koštunica, Vojislav, 219, 222–3, 246 Mujedin, Shaykh, 292 Kovács, Vince, 89 Muszynski,´ Archbishop Henryk, 40 Kožuch, Gabriel, 64–5, 67 Krasniqi, Shefqet, 301 Náhlik, Štefan, 11 Kratochvíl, P., 59 Naumov, Radomir, 224–6 Krivokapic,´ Ranko, 257 Necas,ˇ Petr, 70 Kuburíc, Zorica, 24n72, 153n31 Németh, Miklós, 104 Kurti, Albin, 294–5, 298, 301 Nikolic,´ Tomislav, 14, 241, 247 Kwasniewski,´ Aleksander, 35 Nycz, Kazimierz, 31

Labus, Miroljub, 219 Obirek, Stanisław, 39 Lasota, Marek, 30 Ondrasek, L., 57 Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 40 Legánti, Norbert, 89 Lékai, László Cardinal, 98, 102 Pace, Eno, 151n6 Lénárd, Ödön, 95 Padjen, Ivan, 152n11 Lepa, Adam, 28 Paetz, Archbishop Juliusz, 32 Listhaug, Ola, 19n18 Palikot, Janusz, 29 Ljajic,´ Rasim, 222, 224–5, 228–9 Pápai, Lajos, 108 Lukšic,´ Igor, 256 Parvulescu, Cristian, 270 Paskai, László Cardinal, 10, 93 Macedonian Orthodox Church, 188, Pataky, Bishop Kornél (“Kerekes”), 241–2, 244, 247 94–7, 99 Macharski, Franciszek Cardinal, 32 Paul VI, Pope, 96, 102, 119 Mahmutovic,´ Meho, 229 Pavicevi´ c,´ Veselin, 260n55 Malinski,´ Mieczysław, 30 Pavle, Patriarch of Serbia, 183, 185–6, Marovic,´ Svetozar, 254 188–90, 192, 246, 255 Mass, Wolfram, 227 Pavlovic,´ Danilo, 167 Matic,´ Davorka, 151n6 Pehe, Jiˇrí, 78 Maxim, Patriarch (Bulgaria), 10, Pelikan, Egon, 115–30 272–3, 280 Pelle, András, 99 Mayer, Mihály, 107 Peranic,´ Anton, 153n24 Meciar,ˇ Vladimír, 59 Perica, Vjekoslav, 156, 168, 173n12 Medgyessy, Péter, 105 Perovic,´ Gojko, 256 Merdjanova, Ina, 283n28 Pešic,´ Milenko, 298n77, 210n95 Michalik, Józef, 29, 37 Petar, Metropolitan of Miklós, Imre, 104 Macedonia, 243 Mikloško, František, 57 Pétery, József, 88–9 Miloševic,´ Slobodan, 249–50, 279, 292 Piecha, Boleslaw, 37–8 Mindszenty, József Cardinal, 87–8, Pierre, Marie-Simon, 39 96, 98 Pietraszewski, Martin, 36 Name Index 325

Pimen, Archbishop of Suceava and Sodano, Angelo Cardinal, 88 Radauti (Romania), 10 Sokol, Archbishop Ján, 11, 58, 66–7 Pimen, Metropolitan of Nevrokop Špiner, Dušan, 65 (Bulgaria), 272–3, 280 Spinoza, Benedictus de, 16 Pius XII, Pope, 78, 87 Šrámek, Msgr. Jan, 80 Podvorica, Armend, 302–3 St. Agnes, 61 Polc, Jaroslav Václav, 63 St. Methodius, 61 Popa, Serban, 7 Stan, Lavinia, 2, 9, 17n4, 18n13, n15, Popiełuszko, Fr. Jerzy, 1, 26 n16, 19n25, n27, 20n40, 21n44, Powers, Gerald F., 156, 172n3, 204n4 73n24, 263–81, 282n8, n11, n13, Prohászka, Ottokár, 106–7 283n15, n17 Pukljak, Rudolf, 11 Sterland, Bill, 169 Puljic,´ Vinko Cardinal, 169 Stojcoviˇ c,´ Gojko, 252 Stoyanov, Petar, 273 Radíc, Radmila, 180–211 Šuštar, Archbishop Alojzij, 119, 124 Radovanovic,´ M., 204n6 Svoboda, Bohuslav, 76 Radulovic,´ Milan, 246 Szálasi, Ferenc, 107 Ramet, Pedro, 24n74, 45n3, n4 Szendi, Archbishop József, 94, 102 Ramet, Sabrina P., 1–24, 25–52, 110n8, Szigeti, Imre, 95 152n7, 172n3, 210n94, 234n57, 314, 315 Tabódy, István, 95 Rankovic,´ Aleksandar, 290–1, 294 Tadic,´ Boris, 187, 197, 220, 226 Rastoder, Šerbo, 260n55, 26n73 Tasic,´ Jelena, 208n76 Ratzinger, Joseph Cardinal, 38 Teoctist, Patriarch (Romania), 10 see also Benedict XVI Ternava, Naim, 293, 301 Ražnjatovic,´ Željko “Arkan”, 250 Ternyák, Csaba, 107 Reban, Milan, 53–85 Thaçi, Hashim, 298 Rexhepi, Sulejman, 13 Tischner, Fr. Józef, 32 Ringdal, Kristen, 24n70, n71 Tiso, Msgr. Jozef, 58, 67 Rode, Franc Cardinal, 124 Tito, Josip Broz, 119 Roter, Zdenko, 151n4, n5 Tomášek, František Cardinal, 61 Rugova, Ibrahim, 297–8 Tomka, Ferenc, 106 Ruml, Joel, 70 Tondra, František, 77 Rus, Ioan Aurel, 269 Topalovic,´ Muamer, 161 Rydzyk, Fr. Tadeusz, 26, 29, 39–41 Topolánek, Mirek, 69, 71 Torfs, Rik, 151n2 Šacirovi´ c,´ Sead, 221 Toroš, Mihael, 117–18 Sakiewicz, Tomasz, 31 Trajkovski, Boris, 245 Sarbu, Ilie, 269 Tucic,´ Živica, 189 Schwartz-Eggenhoffer, Artúr, 89 Tudor, Corneliu Vadim, 270 Schwarzenberg, Karel, 71, 76, 79 Turcescu, Lucian, 2, 9, 17n4, 18n31, Sells, Michael, 159, 172n3, 173n13 n15, n16, 19n25, n27, 20n40, Šeper, Franjo Cardinal, 11 21n44, 24n73, 282n11, n13, Shabani, Ibrahim, 13 283n15, 283n28, 316, 263–85 Shvoy, Lajos, 89 Tusk, Donald, 29, 37 Šijakovic,´ Bogoljub, 228 Tutic,´ Hajro, 215 Simeon, Bishop (Bulgaria), 10 Skworc, Bishop Wiktor, 32–3 Udvardy, Bishop György, 95 Smajic,´ Husein Effendi, 166 Udvardy, Bishop József, 94, 96–8 326 Name Index

Ugljanin, Sulejman, 215, 217–19, Wojtyła, Karol Cardinal, 26 222–5, 227–9 see also John Paul II Ungváry, Krisztián, 10, 86–114 Wolf, Gyula, 107 Uzelac, Alan, 152n10 Wolf, Václav, 63 Wyszynski,´ Stefan Cardinal, 26–7 Václavík, D., 54 Varbanov, Marin, 279 Yovchev, Bishop Georgi, 10 Várkonyi, Imre, 87 Yugov, Alexander, 272 Velikonja, Mitja, 165, 171 Veljak, Lino, 260n55 Zawiła, Małgorzata, 18n10 Veres, András, 106 Zdravkovski, Aleksander, 212–39, Vlk, Archbishop Miloslav, 62–3, 65, 240, 315 71, 79 Zeman, Miloš, 79 Volkan, Vamik, 177n74 Zhivkov, Todor, 272 Vrcan, Srąan, 152n7, 204n2 Zilkic,´ Adem, 215, 218, 224–9 Vujadinovíc, Dragica, 260n55 Zimon,´ Damian, 33 Vukomanovíc, Milan, 9, 17n2, 24n72, Zrinšcak,ˇ Siniša, 16, 18n12, 19n23, 180–211 20n31, 23n64, 131–51 Zuba, Krzystof, 29 Wettach, Tania, 167–8 Zukorlic,´ Muamer, 215–19, 223–5, Wielgus, Archbishop Stanisław, 31–2 227–9 Wildmann, János, 107, 109 Zyci˙ nski,´ Archbishop Józef, 33, 40 Subject Index

Note: Locators in italics indicate tables; ‘n’ indicates note. abortion atheism Catholic Church’s stance, 37 Albanian perspective, 305 Churches’ prohibition campaign, 16 Bulgarian perspective, 274 in communist-era Eastern Europe, 5 Croatian perspective, 143 Croatian perspective, 5 Macedonian perspective, 241 Czech and Slovak Catholic Romanian perspective, 264, Churches’ policies, 72–4 266, 270 Czech perspective, 54 Serbian perspective, 193 Polish perspective, 28, 36–7, 40–1 Yugoslav perspective, 133, 212 Serbian perspective, 199 autocephaly Slovak perspective, 5, 59, 63, 77 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 276 Slovenian perspective, 124 Macedonian Orthodox Church, social expectations of the 188, 241–2, 244, 247 Church, 147 Montenegrin Orthodox Church, adoption of children by same-sex 250–1, 254–5 couples Romanian Orthodox Church, 246, Croatian perspective, 5 264, 281 Czech perspective, 75–6 available models, religious instruction Slovak perspective, 74 in state schools, 15 advowson (patronage), 88 Albania comparison with Afghanistan, 306 Balkans growth of Christian religions, 304 contribution of official Church rebirth of faith, 306 channels to building in, 169 religious affiliation, 2, 4 transformation caused by the spiritual void, 305 demise of communism, 212 Sufi orders in, 305 beatification, 26, 39, 80 Albanians Bílá kniha (White Book) challenges for, 286 (Duka/Badal), 66 media vilification, 297 birth control, 63, 76–7, 193 migration and religious Bohemia, 53, 60 identity, 305 Bokor movement, 100–1 see also Kosovo Bosnia, Wahhabi community, 6 American Airlines Flight 77, 162 Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH) anti-Semitism, 12, 29, 41, 107, 270 clerical collaboration, 11 Arrow Cross Party, 107 interfaith protests against gay Association of Catholic marriage, 6 Intellectuals, 108 Islamic community’s new Association of Christian constitution, 218 Intellectuals, 105 religious affiliation, 2

327 328 Subject Index

Bosnian war similarities and differences with and Al Qaeda, 162 Orthodox Church, 13–14 ethnic cleansing, 159 see also Roman Catholic Church and the growth and influence of Catholicism Wahhabism, 160–4 Polish identification with, 25 Islamic fighters’ involvement, reported religious affiliation in 157–9, 162 selected countries, 2 post-war inter-religious dialogue, Christ the Redeemer statue (Rio de 169–70 Janeiro), 8 public opinion polls, 164, 167 Christian Democratic Party of Albania religious actors’ involvement, 159 (PDK), 299 religious peace-building prospects, Christian Fellowship, Slovakian court 168–71 case, 57 role of religion, 156–7 Christianity, 8, 53, 59, 61, 95, 109, transitional justice and religion, 270–1, 275, 279, 289 165–8 Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Buddhism, 267 Saints, 2, 140 Bulgaria Church of Scientology, 267 accession to EU, 263 Church–state relations clerical collaboration, 10, 271–2 EU position, 263 constitutional provision for freedom operative formulae in communist of religion, 273–4 times, 2 denominations act, 275 Church–state relations in Croatia differences between Romania and, debates and social expectations, 268, 279, 279–81 144–9 ethnic Turk population, 278 financial perspective, 149 Muslim community, 278 legal framework, 138 Orthodox Church and property restitution, 136 post-communist legislation, 273–8 religious education, 138–45 Ottoman occupation, 281 social expectations, 145–9 religion and electoral politics, 278–9 civil partnerships, Polish bill, 36–7 religious affiliation, 2 clerical collaboration religious and ethnic composition, Bosnia-Herzegovina, 11 271–3 Bulgaria, 10, 271–2 significant minorities, 271 in the communist era, 9–11, 15 Bulgarian Christian Coalition, 278 Croatia, 11 Bulgarian Orthodox Church, 6, 266, Czech and Slovak Catholic 272, 276, 279 Churches, 66–8, 80 Byzantine-rite Catholic Church, 98 Hungary, 10–11 and John Paul II, 29–30 cathedral, tallest in Southeastern Macedonian perspective, 248 Europe, 7 Poland, 10, 29–34 Cathedral of the Redeemer, 7 Romania, 10 Catholic Church Slovakia, 11, 65–6 consequences of communist era World War II, 116 repression in Czechoslovakia, collaboration of clergy, see clerical 60–1 collaboration Subject Index 329 collapse of communism Marian Column rebuilding Balkan transformation, 212 campaign, 60 Catholic Church’s role, 26 property restitution, 14–15 Croatian perspective, 133 religious affiliation, 2 inevitability, 1 Czech Republic and Slovakia Polish perspective, 26 demographic perspective, 55–6 Pope John Paul II’s response, 4 impact of World War II, 53 Romanian perspective, 105 Pacem in Terris movement, 61, 65 contraception, 5, 37 registration criteria, 56–7 Corneanu,Nicolae,10 standing of the Roman Catholic corruption, 13, 34–5, 86, 105–7, 160, Church, 53–4 219, 224 Czech Social Democratic Party Council of Chalcedon, 242 (CSSD),ˇ 76 Croatia Czechoslovakia, 53, 61, 65–6, 68, attitudes towards religious 87, 89 instruction in state schools, see also Slovakia 144–6 Church–state relations in, see Dayton Peace Accords, 160, 183 Church–state relations in Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), Croatia 292, 297, 299 clerical collaboration, 11 discrimination, 5, 74, 138, 228, 266, legality of abortion, 5 276, 305 place in socialist Yugoslavia, 132–3 divorce, 5 religion and politics, 147 religious affiliation, 2 religious instruction in state Eastern-Rite Catholic Church, 9, 14, schools, 141–3 264, 267–8, 270, 271 social perception and expectations education, religious instruction in of religious communities state schools, see religious in, 148 instruction in state schools crosses, 7, 169, 196, 269 Episcopal Conference, 30, 33, 41, 94, cults, 181, 251, 267, 274 105, 107–8 Cyril and Methodius Society, 116 ethics, 77, 126, 140, 142, 197 Czech and Slovak Catholic Churches ethnic cleansing, 159 abortion policy, 72–4 ethnic conflict, 185, 287 and the KDU-CSL,ˇ 78–80 ethnic entrepreneurs, Balkan and the lustration process, 66 influence, 299–300 clerical collaboration, 66–8, 80 ethnic Germans, forcible expulsion, 80 contemporary martyrdom and ethnophyletism, 243 relevance, 80–1 EU education and religious schooling Czech Republic’s entry, 59 policies, 77–8 number of predominantly restitution of Church property, Orthodox member states, 263 68–72 pre-accession criteria, 263 same-sex partnership policies, 74–7 relationship of the Catholic Church Czech Republic to the, 107 Church/state relations, 60 Eurobarometer surveys, 54, 75 EU entry, 59 European integration, 53, 59, 193 gay-friendly policies, 6 euthanasia, 40 330 Subject Index

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, see homosexuality Yugoslavia Bulgarian Orthodox Church’s female genital mutilation, 220 statement, 6 Fidesz party, 105–6, 108 Polish Church’s defence of its France, 55, 133, 199, 226 position, 29 freedom of religion Slovak attitudes, 75 Bulgarian legislation, 273–8 strength of hostility of some Catholic Church’s position, 36 religious organizations Croatian perspective, 133, 138 toward, 6 European perspective, 132, 316 traditional Churches’ rejection, 15 Hungarian perspective, 100 human rights, 5, 11, 13, 26, 57, 74, impact of demands for on 100, 121–2, 138, 142, 146, 159, communism, 1 193, 219, 227–8, 256, 263, Kosovar perspective, 194 276–8, 316 Macedonian perspective, 245 Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party Romanian perspective, 265 (HSWP), 103, 106 Serbian perspective, 220 Hungary Slovak perspective, 57 bishops during the Kádár era, freedom of speech, 17 91–103 the Catholic Church after system gay marriage, see same-sex marriage change, 103–4 Gay Pride, 6, 74, 76 clerical collaboration, 10–11 gay rights, 74 episcopal appointments, 89–91 Gazeta Polska,31 European integration and the Gazeta Wyborcza, 36, 41 Catholic Church, 107–9 GDR (German Democratic Republic), persecution of the Catholic Church 2, 54, 87–8 in, 87–91 genocide privatisation of state property, 108 of Bosnian Muslims, 166–7 proceedings against Church Serbs’ fear of, 182 figures, 86 Ghodsee, Kristen, 293 reconsideration of the past, 104–7 gigantomania, expression of Regnum Marianum and Bokor re-evangelisation through, 7–8 groups, 100–1 Greater Romania Party, 270 religious affiliation, 2 Greece, 247, 263, 272, 281, 305 religious persecution in, 86 Greek Catholic Church, 64 restitution of Church Greek Orthodox Church, 272 properties, 103 revolution in, 86 Habsburg Empire, 53 Hare Krishna movement, 86 show trials, 95 heresy, 60 Hussite Church, 55, 60, 79 Hidden Church, 61, 63–5 Hinduism, 267 ICTY (International Criminal Tribunal Holocaust, 106–7 for the former Yugoslavia), homophobia, 6, 74 157, 166 homosexual marriage, see same-sex institutional separation, see separation marriage of Church and state homosexual relationships, Polish inter-religious dialogue, in post-war public opinion, 36 Bosnia, 169–70 Subject Index 331 intolerance, correlation with strongly Tadic’s´ opinion, 226–7 religious views, 15 and Zukorlic’s´ deposition, 225 intolerance and extremism, in IVF (in vitro fertilization), 29, 37–8 Central and Southeastern Europe, 11–13 Jainism, 267 intra-Orthodox conflicts, 248–9, Jehovah’s Witnesses, 60, 137, 267 276–7, 279 Jewish community, 6, 35, 86, 136–7, IRC (Inter-Religious Council), working 169, 195 groups, 170 Jewish properties, restitution, 70 Islam, 143, 158, 160, 187, 213–14, Jews, Bulgarian, 271 275, 286, 289–90, 293, 295, 303, Jobbik party, 108, 315 305–7 Judaism, 106, 271 Balkan history, 289 commodification, 286 KDH (Christian Democratic and Croatian education, 143 Movement), 72, 75 doctrine of unity, 290 KDU-CSLˇ (Christian-Democratic public role of, 132 Union – Czech People’s Party), 74, route to the Balkans, 289 78–80 Serbian institutionalization of, King Fahd mosque (Sarajevo), 8 213–18 Koinótés, 63 Yugoslav state’s manipulation, 288 Komitet za daržavna sigurnost (KDS), see also Muslims; Wahhabism 10, 272 Islamic community of Kosova Liberation Army, 297 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 213–14, 218, Kosovo 224, 227 association of Sufi orders (BRDIA), Islamic community of Kosovo, 290 291–2 Islamic community of Blumi’s predictions for any future Montenegro, 214 turmoil in, 295–6 Islamic community of Muamer comparison with Afghanistan, 302 Zukorlic,´ 217 cronyism and violence in, 300 Islamic community of Sandžak, 214, current political landscape, 299 217, 222–3 doctrinal split, 302–4 Islamic community of Serbia, 216–17, elections, 295 220, 222–9 ethnic cleansing in reverse, 297 Islamic community of Vojvodina, ethnic entrepreneurs’ influence, 216, 224 299–300 Islamic community of Yugoslavia, explanations for failure of 214, 216, 218, 290 interventions, 294–307 Islamic fundamentalism, in Serbia, explanations for failure of 220–1 rule-of-law missions, 300 Islamic Pedagogical Academy, Serbian geographic perspective, 300–1 establishment, 219 historic diversity of religious IslamicschisminSerbia practice, 288 impact on the political landscape, independence and new political 225–6 pathologies, 287–8 and the new and independent influence of Saudi groups, 293–4 Riyasah, 223–4 post-conflict agreements, 296–7 and the new constitution, 222 resurfacing of the Miloševic-era´ and the Novi Pazar university, 223 Kosovar Albanian elite, 297 332 Subject Index

Kosovo – continued SPC’s refusal to acknowledge roots of region’s problems, 298 independence of, 242 Salafist influences, 295 Sufism in, 289 Saudi influence, 303–4 Macedonian Orthodox Church and the Serbian Orthodox Church, claim to autocephaly, 241–2 183–5 in the era of political pluralism, spiritual void, 293–4, 305 242–7 Sufi history, 289 property restitution, 247–8 UN Interim Administration Mission Marian Column, 60 (UNMIK), 297–9, 304 Miloševic´ regime, 183–4, 215–16, underground networks, 291 219, 292 Yugoslavia’s subjugation policies, miracles, 39 288–94 Moldova, 264, 281 Montenegrin Orthodox Church Laboratoˇrsekularizace (laboratory of Badnjak celebrations, 253–4 secularization) (Fiala), 54 constitutional status, 250 Lénárd Ödön Foundation, 106 property ownership claims, 253 LGBT rights, 74, 193 re-establishment, 250–3 Lidová strana (The People’s Party, Montenegro Czech Republic), 78–80 campaign for religious instruction The Long Night of the Churches in state schools, 249 (Noc kostelu),˚ 81 declaration of independence, 255 lustration, clerical collaboration and, intra-Orthodox conflict, 248–9 66, 104, 248 leading proponent of Srpstvo Lutheranism, 2, 35, 57, 86, 267 (Serbhood), 249 political characteristics, 248–9 Macedonia property restitution and antidiscrimination law, 5 inter-Church conflict solutions, declaration of Independence, 255–7 241, 242 religious affiliation, 2 denationalization law, 247 the Serbian Church and ecclesiastical administrator Amfilohije Radovic’s´ politics, appointed in, 244 249–50, 256 education bill, 248 Moravia, 53, 78 erection of the world’s biggest mosques, 8, 13, 141, 157–8, 161, 169, cross, 8 216–17, 220, 290 granted ecclesiastical Movement for Rights and autocephaly, 244 Freedoms, 278 Greek position on independence, 242 mujahedin, 12, 157–62 lustration process, 248 Muslims percentage of population declaring state-led hostility towards, 292–3 a religion, 241 see also Islam, Wahhabism post-1989 dynamics, 241–2 president, 248 National Salvation Cathedral presidential elections, 242–3 (Romania), 269 religious affiliation, 2 NATO, 13, 53, 162, 250, 278 Serbianization of Orthodox religious New Generation-Christian Democrat life in, 241 Party, 270 Subject Index 333 new religious movements, 132, 143, property restitution 148, 267, 274, 277 controversies, 9 Noc kostelu˚ (The Long Night of the Croatia, 136 Churches), 81 Czech and Slovak Catholic Churches, 68–72 Operation Storm, 250 Czech Republic, 14–15 ordination of women, 36, 38, 61 embarrassment of for religious Orthodox Church associations, 15 politico-religious character, 240 generally advocated premise, 14 similarities and differences with Hungary, 103 Catholic Church, 13–14 Jewish properties, 70 structural organization, 240 Macedonian Orthodox Church, 247–8 Pacem in Terris movement, 61, 65 Montenegro, 255, 255–7 paedophilia, 38–9, 107, 205n42 Poland, 34–6 Pan-Orthodox Synod, 257 Romania, 266–8 paraclerical organizations, Serbia, 189 proselytism, 2, 98, 145, 158, 289, 304 Pax Romana Association, 105 Protestantism, 2, 14, 56–7, 60, 191, persecution, 80, 87, 101, 106, 118, 198, 271 277, 279–80, 290–1, 293 Protestants, percentage of population pogroms, of Serbs, 220 in selected countries, 2 Poland public utilities, recognition of abortion in, 37 Churches as, 267, 280 abortion law, 5 the Church and sex, 36–9 Radio Maryja (Poland), 12, 26, 29, 37, the Church at the dawn of the 40–1 post-communist era, 26–7 re-evangelization, 4–5, 7 the Church’s agenda, 27–9 RECOM (Regional Commission for clerical collaboration, 10, 29–34 Establishing Facts about War decline in participation in religious Crimes and Other Serious Human rites, 25 Rights Violations in the former decline in the Church’s prestige, Yugoslavia), 166–7 27–8 Reformed Church (Calvinists), 69, 86, Father Rydzyk’s empire, 40–1 108, 137, 195, 264, 269 flooding, 40 registered partnerships, 59, 74–7 generational changes in values and Regnum Marianum Community, 96, religious participation, 27 100–1 public opinion regarding the religious affiliation, in Central and Catholic Church, 26 Southeastern Europe, 2, 3 Radio Maryja, 12, 26, 29, 37, 40–1 religious freedom, see freedom of religious affiliation, 2 religion religious instruction in state religious instruction in state schools schools, 26, 28 available models, 15 religious property restitution Croatia, 141–3 controversies, 34–6 Croatian attitudes, 144–6 security service (SB), 10, 29–34 introduction of, 16–17 Polish secret police, 1 Montenegrin campaign, 249 politicization of religion, 164, Poland, 26, 28 170–1, 286 Romania, 280 334 Subject Index religious symbols, 169, 196, 214, 268 same-sex marriage Reproductive Health Matters,37 BiH opposition, 6 Roma, 107, 264, 271, 288–9 Czech perspective, 75 Roman Catholic Church Eurobarometer survey, 75 and the election of the Polish Pope Benedict neglects to pope, 61 mention, 74 Polish identification with, 25 Romanian perspective, 269 as primary beneficiary of Slovak Saudi Arabia, 12, 157–8, 160, 302, registration criteria, 57 304, 306 relationship with Hungarian schisms state, 86 intra-Orthodox conflicts, 248–9, Romania, 264 276–7, 279 and women’s reproductive rights, Islamic, see Islamic schism 72–3; see also abortion in Serbia Romania secret police, 9–10, 29–34, 65, 190, accession to EU, 263 224, 229 Church–state relations, 264–5 collaboration of clergy with, see clerical collaboration, 10 clerical collaboration criteria for state recognition of secularism, 55, 143, 161, 270 denominations, 267 secularization, 54, 56, 109, 142, 180 differences between Bulgaria and, Self-Determination movement, 268, 279, 279–81 294–5, 298 establishment of Orthodox separation of Church and state religion, 264 Bulgarian perspective, 271, 273 Croatian perspective, 131, 133–4, ethnic Hungarian population, 264 145; see also Church–state Orthodox Church and relations in Croatia post-communist legislation, Czech perspective, 70 265–8 Hungarian perspective, 109 presidential campaign, 269 Romanian perspective, 266 property restitution, 266–8 Slovakian perspective, 59, 72 religion and party politics, 268–71 Slovenian perspective, 126 religious affiliation, 2 Serbia religious and ethnic composition, democracy and the Islamic 264–5 communities, 219–20 religious instruction in state diplomatic initiatives, 226–9 schools, 280 establishment of a new Bosniak same-sex relationships legislation, 5 political party, 229 significant religious groups, 264 fall of the Miloševic´ regime, 219 Romanian Orthodox Church, church institutionalization of Islam in construction, 7 Miloševic’s,´ 213–18 Russian Orthodox patriarch, 272 Islamic schism, 222–6; see also IslamicschisminSerbia Šacirovi´ c,´ Sead, 221 legal origins of inter-Islamic feuds, Sakiewicz, Tomasz, 31 221–2 Salifism, 306 the Meshihat’s declaration on the same-sex couples, adoption of discrimination and the children by, see adoption of violation of the human rights children by same-sex couples of Bosniaks in, 228 Subject Index 335

religious affiliation, 2 sociology, 142 Wahhabism in, 220–1 soft separation model, 266 Serbian Orthodox Church, 255 SPOZ (Party of Citizen Rights), 79 Church-state relations in the Spying on Wojtyla (Lasota), 30 21st-century, 190–7 Srebrenica, 166–7 the Kosovo problem, 183–5 St. Peter and Paul Catholic and the lack of religious knowledge, Cathedral, 7 197–200 St. Sava Cathedral (Belgrade), 7 and the late 1980s religious revival, St. Vitus Cathedral, 60, 61, 62 180–3 statues, 7–8, 60 Macedonian and Montenegrin symphonia Orthodox relations, 187–90 Bulgarian perspective, 271 potential papal visit and attitudes definition, 271 towards ecumenism in, 185–7 Romanian perspective, 264 sex education, 11, 28, 37, 77–8, 146 sexual abuse scandals, 25–6, 32, taxation 38–9 Croatia, 136, 149 sexual orientation, protection against Czech Republic and Slovakia, 56 discrimination, 5–6 Hungary, 103 Slovak National Party, 75 Poland, 36 Slovakia Romania, 267 abortion law, 5 Serbia, 194–5 Church/state relations, 59 Slovenia, 125 clerical collaboration, 11, 65–6 They Intended Us To Die But We’re Still Hidden Church, 61, 63–5 Alive (Tomka), 106 religious affiliation, 2, 57–9, 75 tolerance, 6, 8, 12, 143, 159, 270, see also Czech Republic and Slovakia 274, 304 Slovenia TOP 09 (Tradition, Accountability, Church bankruptcy scandal, Prosperity 09), 71 126–7 Transylvania, 264, 268, 281 Church funding sources, 124–6 Truth and Reconciliation Commission declaration of independence, 115 (TRC), 166 Denationalization Act, 124 Turkey, forced migration of non-Slav independence process and the Muslims to, 289 Catholic Church, 120–1 Tygodnik Powszechny (Polish Catholic post-declaration period, 124 weekly), 33–4 post-World War II period, 116 religious affiliation, 2 role of the Church in the late 1980s, United Nations (UN), 5, 297, 300 119–20 United States UDBA’s control of the Church, paedophilia allegations, 38 116–19 and Slovak abortion law, 73 the Vatican’s expectations, 123 the Vatican’s stand on Velvet Revolution, and the Catholic independence, 121–3 Church, 61–2, 89 Słuzba˙ Bezpieczenstwa´ (SB) (Polish Vienna Declaration and Programme of security service), 10, 29–34 Action, 5 Smer-SD (Slovak social democratic violence, 1, 6, 12, 122, 159, 161, 165, party), 59 169, 287, 300 336 Subject Index

Wahhabism Yugoslavia and Kosovar identity, 302 adoption of self-management members’ traits and dress, 220 socialism, 119 as potential terrorist threat, 162–4 basic phases in Church and state roots, 160 in, 133 in Serbia, 220–1 and the BRDIA, 291–2 Wallachia, 264, 281 formation of the Federal war crimes, 157, 166 Republic, 221 women’s reproductive rights, Roman non-Slav populations, 288–9 Catholic Church and, 72–3; see state-led hostility toward also abortion Muslims, 293