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Performance Analysis of an Optical Cdma Communication System Considering Space-Time Diversity Over Free Space Optical Channel

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Performance Analysis of an Optical Cdma Communication System Considering Space-Time Diversity Over Free Space Optical Channel PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AN OPTICAL CDMA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM CONSIDERING SPACE-TIME DIVERSITY OVER FREE SPACE OPTICAL CHANNEL by A. K. M. NAZRUL ISLAM DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING BNAGLADSEH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY December 2015 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AN OPTICAL CDMA COMMUNICATION SYSTEM CONSIDERING SPACE-TIME DIVERSITY OVER FREE SPACE OPTICAL CHANNEL by A. K. M. NAZRUL ISLAM DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING BNAGLADSEH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY December 2015 Performance Analysis of an Optical CDMA Communication System Considering Space-Time Diversity over Free Space Optical Channel A thesis submitted to the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING By A. K. M. Nazrul Islam DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING BNAGLADSEH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY December 2015 ii The thesis titled “Performance Analysis of an Optical CDMA Communication System Considering Space-Time Diversity over Free Space Optical Channel” submitted by A. K. M. Nazrul Islam (Roll No.: 1008064002 P, Session: October/2008) has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING on December 30, 2015. BOARD OF EXAMINERS 1. Chairman Dr. Satya Prasad Majumder Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh [[ 2. Member (Ex-officio) Dr. Taifur Ahmed Chowdhury Professor and Head, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh 3. Member Dr. Md. Saifur Rahman Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh 4. Member Dr. Pran Kanai Saha Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh 5. Member Dr. Md. Shah Alam Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh 6. Member Dr. Mohammed Imamul Hassan Bhuiyan Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering BUET, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh 7. Member Dr. Md. Saiful Islam Professor, Institute of Information and Communication Technology BUET, Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh 8. Member Dr. Ranjan Gangopadhyay (External) Distinguished Professor LNM Institute of Information Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, India (Ex-Professor IIT, Kharagpur, India) iii CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION It is hereby declared that, this thesis or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma. Signature of the candidate A. K. M. Nazrul Islam iv DEDICATION To my family v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS At the outset, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Satya Prasad Majumder for providing me the opportunity to work under him in the field of Free Space Optical Communication System. I would like to thank him for his constant guidance, supervision, encouragement and kind cooperation, particularly in justifying proper research direction of the thesis and ensuring that the research aims and objectives are fulfilled over the past six years. I would then like to thank my Ph. D committee members, Prof. Taifur Ahmed Chowdhury, Prof. Md. Saifur Rahman, Prof. Pran Kanai Saha, Prof. Md. Shah Alam, Prof. Mohammed Imamul Hassan Bhuiyan and Prof. Md. Saiful Islam for their generous help and numerous advices during every stage of the program. I have learnt from them not only the knowledge but also the invaluable methodologies to solve problems. Special thanks to Dr. Ranjan Gangopadhyay, Distinguished Professor, LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India for his professional inspiration, motivation and dynamic guidance for my higher studies. My whole-hearted thanks should go to my parents for their principles and unconditional love for me who taught me the objectives and aim in life. I sincerely pray to almighty Allah to place the departed souls of my parents to the best place of the Jannah. My sincere thanks and gratitude’s to my parents-in-law for their confidence on me, affections and constant encouragements towards the successful completion of the program. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Chief of Army Staff, Commandant Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Director Electrical and Mechanical Engineers for giving me the opportunities to complete the research work. My special thanks to all the faculties and staffs of the department of EEE, BUET and department of EECE, MIST for their constant encouragement, moral support and all possible assistances. In particular, I felt indebted and thankful to all related officers and men of MIST and BUET for their administrative support and inspirations. I am deeply thankful to my beloved wife who has persistently accompanied me in completing this journey, sharing my tears and cries and showering upon me with love, joy and laughter. I would also like to express my endless love to my daughters, Tithi and vi Orthi, who always cherished me in every moment of my life with the sacrifices of their needs. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my friends, colleagues and acquaintances for sharing their experiences and opinions, which have inspired me with more feasible ideas and solutions to overcome the roadblocks encountered in my research. Finally, I would like to express my heartiest gratitude to Almighty ALLAH Sub-ha-nahu- wa-ta’la for upholding me with perseverance, wisdom and strength throughout this journey, and allowing everything to happen miraculously such that I could learn, grow and show appreciation in every aspect of my life. His blessings have brought me success and smooth accomplishment to this research program at BUET. vii ABSTRACT The last decades have witnessed a spectacular progress on free space optical (FSO) communication, which is very much promising for future optical networking where installation of fiber is very much limited. The capacity of such wireless optical links are highly degraded due to atmospheric channel effects like rain, fog, snow, cloud, atmospheric turbulence and pointing error. As an attractive multiple access technique optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) based FSO communication will provide a high capacity FSO communication network. In this dissertation investigations are carried out to develop analytical models in order to evaluate the bit error rate (BER) performance and capacity of an OCDMA over FSO link in presence of the above channel limitations. Investigations are also carried out towards the development of a multi- wavelength (MW) OCDMA wavelength division multiplexing (MW-OCDMA-WDM) communication system for free space applications. Primarily investigations are made to find the analytical approaches to evaluate the BER performances of an FSO system without optical encoding taking into considerations the impact of atmospheric scintillations due to refractive index variation of the optical channel with Q-ary optical PPM (Q-OPPM) with direct detection receiver using PIN and APD. Further, investigations are carried out for FSO communication system with optical level DS-CDMA encoder and Sequence Inverse Keying (SIK) optical decoder taking into account the effect of strong and weak atmospheric turbulence to find the expressions for the signal and multi access interference at the output of a SIK dual detector receiver in presence of atmospheric turbulence considering IM/DD. Expressions for signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and system BER are also developed. Analytical developments are made to find the combined influence of atmospheric turbulence and pointing error on FSO OCDMA system. Performance results are numerically evaluated in terms of SINR and BER for different turbulence variance, link distance, data rate and number of simultaneous users etc. Penalty suffered by the system at a given BER of 10-9 due to turbulence and pointing error are also evaluated numerically. The capacity of an OCDMA FSO system in terms of allowable number of simultaneous users at a given BER, data rate and link distance are then determined. Clouds put an important limitation on the performance of an FSO link. Several research works are reported which are mostly based on experimental demonstrations. In this viii dissertation, analytical models are developed to find the signal spectrum at the output of an OCDMA FSO link considering the effect of cloud with a transfer function based on the cloud characteristics. Further analysis is extended to find the combined influence of cloud, pointing error and atmospheric turbulence on the system BER performance. Numerical BER performance results are evaluated for different cloud thickness and channel parameters. OCDMA FSO systems with diversity in transmitter and receiver are also analyzed with SIMO, MISO and MIMO configurations over the atmospheric turbulent channel with direct detection OOK receivers. Power penalty suffered by the system due to turbulence and pointing error and the improvements in receiver sensitivity and capacity enhancement due to diversity are also evaluated at a given BER of 10-9. Finally, a novel MW-OCDMA-WDM system is proposed over the turbulence optical channel to increase the capacity of the system in presence of the above channel limitations. Analytical model of MW-OCDMA-WDM system
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