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VOL. XXIII. NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, MAY 3, 1890. No. 34-

[Copyright.] other, type of womanhood. She is not less Portia.* womanly than Cordelia; she is less reticent, less sensitive, less humble, but not less truthful, less BY MAURICE FRANCIS EGAN, LL. D., constant, or less firm in principle. Professor of English Literature in the University of Moreover, the circumstances which have Notre Dame. helped to mould Portia's character were very I hope you will forgive me for repeating a different from those that almost crushed the statement which I have made before. It is this: heart of Cordelia. Portia was the only daugh­ that a poet may be judged by the reverence he ter of a rich man, the heiress of Belmont, and shows to womanhood. It has always seemed to celebrated both for her beauty and her learning. me that if I had ever been placed in the position Learned women were not scarce in Italy in the of Tom Moore's hero, who went out in search of sixteenth century, and there were many who a religion, I should have chosen that in which could read Latin as easily as they played the womanhood had the most elevated place. In lute. Bassanio compares her hair to that golden all religions, except in Christianity, women have fleece which Jason went in search of, and says been degraded by order of the gods. It is only that many Argonauts went in search of her. in the highest form of Christianity that we find But her father has left a strange will; and the a woman not only called blessed, but crowned conditions of this will make Portia weary of her Queen of Heaven. life. These conditions are that she shall marry the man who chooses a certain casket. There Similarly, we find in the greatest of all poets are three of these caskets: one is of gold, bear­ that the truest womanliness is exalted. In Dante, ing the inscription, in Calderon, in Milton, in Shakspeare, all the qualities that go to make up the gentle or the " Who chooseth me shall gain what many men desire;" valiant woman are iound. But most of all in another is of silver, with the legend, Shakspeare. " Who chooseth me shall get as much as he deserves;" If we had any doubt that Shakspeare was a and still another of lead, with the line, Christian, it would be dispelled by a study of " Who chooseth me must give and hazard all he hath." the women whom, to the honor of the mother One of these contains Portia's picture. But that bore him, he depicted. Cordelia, though which one? Portia knows, but she has sworn she lived in Pagan times, could not have been not to tell the secret; all the suitors who come conceived by a poet who had not appreciated to Belmont, drawn thither by her beauty and the effect of Christianity on character. Corde­ wealth, are informed of the strange test. This lia is entirely a womanly woman. She is the uncertainty is very trying; and when she sums one soft, silvery ray of moonlight that shines up the qualifications or disqualifications of the through the ragged storm-clouds and horrid applicants in talk with her maid Nerissa, we murkiness of the tragedy of "King LeaV." feel that her lot is not enviable, in spite of her Portia, in "The Merchant of Venice," is an- apparently exalted position in the world. We can imagine Portia attired in the costume * Lecture delivered before the pupils of St. Mary's of her time—a robe of white satin, perhaps. Academy. 534 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, flowing to the ground, confined by a girdle of clever young noble, true, honorable and honest pearls, with a stifif ruff of Venetian lace of a yel-' enough to wish to pay the debts he has reck­ low tint, around her neck, which the fashionable lessly incurred by living beyond his means. ladies of the sixteenth century liked in their Antonio, the merchant-^—and Venetian mer­ lace. She had probably the red, golden-tinted chants were as honored and as rich as princes in hair which the -Venetians most admired, and those days—is Bassanio's devoted friend. He she was doubtless tall and somewhat stately in has lent him money over and over again^ with her movements. That she was witty, you soon an open hand and an affectionate heart. Again find out. That she would hold her own in a. Bassanio goes to him. He tells him of Portia; contest of words with any of the suitors who she, the virtuous, beautiful, and wealthy lady would marry her, you soon suspect. of Belmont, who has so many suitors, would not Nerissa, the familiar waiting maid, consoles he is sure, be indifferent to him if he should Portia as best she can. She names the suitors appear among them. But he must rival in one by one. Portia scorns the Neapolitan prince; splendor of -apparel and train the princes and he talks of nothing but horses. And then there nobles who approach her. If he marry Portia, is the Count Palatine! "He doth nothing,but he will not only get the flower of the world, but frown." Portia says: "I had rather be married he will be able to pay his debts. Antonio cares to a death's head with a bone in his mouth than nothing about the latter contingency, but he to either of these!" Nerissa then mentions the loves his friend so well that he will sacrifice all French lord, Monsieur Le Bon. "God made for him. And if we have any fault to find with him," Portia answers,)" and therefore let him pass Bassanio, who is very bright and amiable, it is for a man." She objects to the volatility of this that he should have calculated at all on Portia's gentleman. "He is every man and no man: if wealth. a throstle sing, he falls straight a-capering; he There is no calculation about Antonio; he is will fence with his own shadow." The young as generous as Portia herself. But his ships are German is too fond of Rhine wine. Nerissa all at sea, and he has nothing on which he can smiles and speaks of the young,Englishman, raise enough money to fit out his friend in splen­ Faulconbridge. What say you to him? "I say dor worthy of his quest for the magnificent lady nothing to him," she answers, "for he under­ of Belmont. However, he tells Bassanio to go stands not me nor I him." He, like the English into the city at once to see whether some money of his time and of other times, can speak nei­ cannot be borrowed. Bassanio goes to Shylock ther Latin, nor French, nor Italian; and Portia, the Jew, and asks for three thousand ducats— like the Italians of all times, speaks very little that is, in our money, over fifty thousand dol­ English; she laughs, too, at the oddity of the lars. Shylock, after some hesitation, offers to English lord's dress and his manners—things lend Antonio the money, provided he will agree, which furnish the French and the Italians with if he fail to pay the debt, to let the Jew cut a subjects of ridicule to the present day. The pound of flesh from his body. Bassanio refuses Englishman, who is so satisfied with himself to accept the money on such terms, but Antonio when among "beggarly foreigners," was in the insists, and so the bond is signed. sixteenth century, and is to-day, a human crea­ If there is a blot on the character of Antonio ture whose singularity of attire and eccentricity it is his treatment of Shylock. It has been said of conduct they do not even attempt to under­ that Antonio in sneering in public at the Jew, stand. The four suitors will iiot accept the in covering him with reproaches, acted in ac­ test, Portia's father has set for them, and they cordance with the spirit of the age. But we are about to take their leave as the Prince expect more from Antonio who holds the world of Morocco arrives. "If I could bid the fifth only as the world; who is grave and even sad; welcome with so good a heart as I can bid the who does not put his.heart in his riches. The other four farewell, I should be glad of his ap­ spirit of the sixteenth century was one of intol­ proach." Nerissa recalls Bassanio, a Venetian, erance of the;-Jews.. They were persecuted, a scholar, and a soldier, who had visited Belmont sheered at, even massacred. The Christians of in the train of the Marquis of Montferrat, and the time seemed to have forgotten their Chris­ Portia, with a sigh, remembers that he is wor­ tianity, and that Our Lord Himself, through His thy of the kind things Nerissa says of him. Blessed Mother, was of the Jewish blood. Not In the meantime, this Bassanio has not for­ long before the time in which Shakspeare's gotten Portia. Bassanio is a young gentleman drama showed us Antonio and Shylock, the cry of Venice who has been more generous to others "Hep! Hep!" had rung through Europe. It than just to himself. He is a good-hearted, meant death to the Jews. The streets of nearly THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 535

every large city ran with their blood. This He loves her and His money. Which he loves awful yell, which, heard in the dead of night, the better, his ducats or his daughter, it is hard made many a Jewish mother strain her dark- to say. He loves her, at any rate, and if he loves eyed child to her breast in horrible fear, was her as well as he loves his gains, he deserves borrowed from the first letters of the sentence, better treatment at her hands than he receives. "Hierosolyma est perditd"—Jerusalem is lost! She steals away from his house at night to There was only one city in the Christian world marry Lorenzo, taking with her all the money which was free from the stain of Jewish blood: and jewels she can lay hands on—even a cer­ this was Rome, the city of the Popes. In that tain turquoise that Shylock had received from city no Jew was ever persecuted. Clement VI. Jessica's mother when he was a bachelor. He made laws against calumniating or molesting cries out: them. When the Popes went from Rome to "A diamond gone, cost me two thousand ducats at Avignon, many Jews flocked thither in the hope Frankfort! The. curse never fell upon my nation until of rest; and they found it under the beneficent now; I never felt it till now:—two thousand ducats in that, and other precious, precious jewels,—I would that protection of those Pontiffs who hated iniquity my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her and were therefore exiled. eau! Would she were hearsed at my foot, and the ducats At the same time the Jews gained hatred in her coffin. No news of them? Why, so; and I know by exercising the trade of usurers; they lent not what's spent in the search: why, thou loss upon loss! The thief gone with so much, and so much to find the money out at interest, and exorbitant interest; thief; and no satisfaction, no revenge; nor no ill-luck this was forbidden by the Church. They grew stirring but what lights o' my shoulders; no sighs but o' rich, and riches made them powerful; but every my breathing; no tears but o* my shedding!" now and then there was a fresh outbreak against Jessica may have had a cheerless home, but them. The Jews hit back with the only weapons this did not justify her running away with Lo­ they could use—patience and craft. Shylock renzo—who is chiefly remarkable because he has hated Antonio. He hated him because Antonio good men for his friends—nor in robbing her had scorned him; because Antonio held him as father. She justifies it by her love for Lorenzo; less than the dust beneath his feet; because but this is no excuse, nor is it a guarantee against Antonio was a Christian-, and to Shylock to be future sorrows. Lorenzo may remember, as a Christian meant to be proud, disdainful, inso­ Othello did, that she has deceived her father lent; and then, worse than all, Antonio lent and may deceive him: money without interest, thus lowering the rate " Such love is rainbow-tinted and as short of usury in Venice. If Shylock detested any As is the life of rainbows." of Antonio's qualities more than another, it One cannot help fearing that if Jessica is her was this silly prodigality, which he could not father's daughter', she will make Lorenzo regret understand. When Antonio waits for an answer, his hasty match after the honeymoon is over, Shylock says sarcastically: and even the romantic glamour which Shak- "Hath a dog" money? Is it possible speare throws over this episode cannot .make A cur can lend three thousand ducats?" us forget that retribution must follow ingratitude. When Antonio signs the bond that will give It is evident that the great poet does not intend him the pound of flesh if the loan is not paid, that we shall forget it. Shylock feels that revenge for all insults, for Bassanio goes to Belmont to woo Portia. He all insolence, not only to him, but to his people, takes the oath required of all her suitors, and, is at hand. He seems to know that Antonio warned by song against the allurements of fancy, will fall into his power: which is warbled while he hesitates among the caskets, he chooses the leaden one and finds " Ships are but boards, sailors but men; there be land rats and water rats, land thieves and water thieves—I Portia's picture. Portia is made happy by this. mean pirates; and then there is the peril of waters, winds No more foppish, drunken, and eccentric suitors and rocks." for her! She accepts Bassanio for her husband Antonio consoles himself with the reflection in a speech full of that womanly gentleness that all his ventures are not in one vessel and which the Church—it must be remembered that that all his ships are due a month before the Portia is a devout Catholic—enjoins. But before day on which the bond is due. It would almost Bassanio and she enter the church to receive the seem as if Shylock set abroad reports of An­ Sacrament of Matrimony, a letter comes from tonio's failures, so securely does he take for Antonio. All is lost—his ships have gone down; granted that he will get his pound of flesh. he is in the power of Shylock; the Jew, accord­ In the meantime, a great blow is preparing ing to law, can take his pound of flesh, and that for Shylock. He has one fair daughter, Jessica. means death to Antonio. Bassanio, touched 53^ THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. to the heart, reads his words, acquitting Bas- what he means, are admirably portrayed in "Lan­ sanio of all debts and praying for a sight of him celot and Elaine." This touching poem is one before death comes. of the "Idyls of the King," and as such it claims Portia, when the marriage ceremony is over, more than attention. The story, in a few words, forces Bassanio away. He must save Antonio is this: —his honor and his gratitude must be before all Lancelot was the chief of King Arthur's things,—let him take of herfortune twenty times knights. He was brave and strong, yet one the debt! He must go to Venice and at once; wound festered his generous heart: he loved Bassanio goes. But Portia has heard that Shy- the queen. Guinevere, too, proved false to Ar­ lock will not take money; his passion for re­ thur. In a way that Tennyson touchingly de­ venge has overshadowed his love of gain; be­ scribes, Lancelot happened to meet Elaine, the sides, he has the law of Venice on his side. He lily maid of Astolat. can plead justice, and, if he refuse to temper it " She lifted up her eyes, with mercy, Antonio must die. And loved him with that love which was her doom." (CONCLUSION NEXT WEEK.) When the knight was wounded fighting for the diamond prize, the fond queen heard of this •^ >» love, heard that he had won the favor of Elaine. De Ortu Florum.* At this her heart was filled with jealousy and hatred; she wept. " Inhere were no roses till the first Child died." During a long and painful sickness Elaine Nec rosa prosiluit terra, nee germina florum Frondes miserunt, dum vita excesserat infans. nursed Lancelot with untiring fidelity. Her Non suaves viols caput erexere modestum; love increased, yet he was ever the same. And Jucundus clymenus veneres non pandit amo^nas when, at last, the wound being whole, she asked Unde apis, ut latos per tractus coUis oberrat, to be his wife, the wretched man refused and Ducit odorati sibi roscida prsemia mellis. left her. Poor Lancelot, Nec varias herbasque auratas prata dederunt Quae flectunt ultro citroque, velut maris aestus " His honor rooted in dishonor stood, Auris impulsi petulantibus atque protervis. And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true." Nam, Paradiso Eva pulsa, flos occidit omnis: After days spent in doubt and hope, he seeks Frondibus et gemmis formosis arva carebant. Guinevere and, presenting his hard-won dia­ Sed simul ac tulit infantem mors ferrea suavem Tunc sacro viols truserunt csespite gemmas monds, implores her not to heed silly rumors. Casrulea illius referentes lumina; necnon The angry queen rebukes him, and flings the Purpureas expressere rosas ridentia labra. jewels through the open casement into the Dulci sunt omnes flores e corpore nati. stream below; then wild with rage she bursts IGNOTUS, '91. from the room. ^ » — When Sir Lancelot goes down into the court Tennyson's "Elaine." lie sees a mournful sight. There at the river's edge, hearsed in a funeral barge, lay the lifeless Heroic poems have always a charm peculiar body of Elaine. The lily withers for want of to themselves. They exert an influence upon rain: the lily maiden died because she could not the loftier nature of the reader and remind him love. Her Lancelot had bade her no farewell, that man, however exalted above animal nature, so she had come from Astolat to take farewell is still but human, not divine. Few poets have of him. The great knight's heart was choked known that Eden of Music where Dante and.Mil- witl~ "^^'ness; the sorry queen ton sa ng their sweetest, purest thoughts. Yet one " juicw near, and sigh'd, in passing, 'Lancelot, bright Peri stood without and heard the epic - Forgive me; mine was jealousy in love.' hymn of Homer: in tones of exquisite harmony He answer'd, with his eyes upon the ground, he softly breathed one like it to the world—it was ' That is love's curse; pass on, my queen, forgiven." " Tennyson, the golden-throated warbler of our And then the poet ends his pretty song, day. Feeble, indeed, were the strongest words Tennyson tells the lesson of this "Idyl" in of praise of those "faint Homeric echoes," the that reproaching protestation: "Idyls of the King." They are pure fountains " O purblind race of miserable men, of simplicity and beauty, songs where almost How many among us at this very hour "every thought breaks out a rose." Do forge a life-long trouble for ourselves. Tennyson's power of description, his simplic­ By taking true for false, or false for true!" ity, and that happy accomplishment of saying All of Tennyson's greater poems contain

* Translation of the sonnet "Of Flowers " from PREL­ some pure and wholesome teaching; he believes UDES, by M. F. Egan, LL. D. that unless poetry aims high it will fail, know- THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 537 ing that nothing impure can live, he has given the heat." We hear the music of the woods in us songs containing, it is true, much sentiment, the soft rhythm of his verse. but quite free from the filth of Byron. At times The human soul will always yearn for new he adds to this purity thoughts of the highest and beautiful things, yet Tennyson's songs will Christian spirit. Each " Idyl" breathes that noble greatly soothe this never-satisfied desire, and Catholic teaching—charity in prayer. King fill with cheer this dreary "vale of tears." Arthur says:* "Pray for my soul; more things T. A. CRUMLEY, '92, are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of;" "pray for my soul," sighs the love-sick Elaine; Guinevere's only hope was to "pray The Tariff Question. and be pray'd for." Truly, we may honor Tenny­ son by calling him a Christian poet. BY W. P. BLACKaiAN {LoW), \\. When one reads "Elaine" he is astonished at Tennyson's simplicity. This poet, above all The subject of the tariff is purely an eco­ others of the English language, has reached nomic question. It is not necessarily one of a what we must now consider a perfection in the political character. For a number of years it combined beauty and simplicity of expression. has been under discussion between the two lead­ Words convey Tennyson's fancies; they do ing parties of this country; but it remained for more: they ornament his verse. Few of our Mr. Cleveland to irrevocably commit the Demo­ poets have fully appreciated the good of cloth­ cratic party to free trade by his message to Con­ ing their thoughts with pretty words. We suf­ gress in"i887. This was the Rubicon which, once fer genius to have certain liberties, to be eccen­ crossed, was crossed forever. The Republican tric, to go in uncouth dress, uncombed, and party was restored to power at the last Presi­ sometimes even dirty; but if it takes advantage dential election on account of its position upon of these licenses we revere it less. We love the the tariff, that of protection. The Democratic great conceptions of our poets; but when dressed party seems not to have profited by defeat, in a foreign cloak they seem less grand. In­ and the attitude of the two parties towards stead of shabby derivatives, sweet Anglo-Saxon the tariff question has not been changed. The words are what we long for; and these Tenny­ Democratic leaders, having put their hands to son gives us; " Elaine " is fraught with such little the plow in this matter, will not turn back, but jewels that stud those staunch heroics. This are making herculean efforts to propagate free- poem is a model of simplicity which coming trade theories. Taking advantage of-the over­ writers must imitate or fail. production of corn and the low price of farm Tennyson began a departure for the perfect­ products in the Western States, they are seek­ ing of English versification; and he has done ing to convince the farmers of those States that so much towards that end that he is now con­ the depression of the farming industry is caused sidered our greatest verse-maker. In Tennyson by the protective system. And to array them we find the technical force of Pope, with higher against the other industries of the country, tons thought and more beautiful expression. Poeti­ of free-trade literature are being circulated cal license with the Victorian poet is a thing to among them with a vain hope that, aided by be avoided; he writes with a skill concealed. the discontent which naturally prevails in times His versifying is equalled only by his vivid de­ of business depression, Republican farmers can scriptions. be brought to adopt the Democratic theory of Tennyson sketches with a vigor that charms the tariff. the reader; one neyer feels that he is doomed The object of this article is to show that the to struggle through a dull passage. We can protective tariff has in no degree contributed ramble with him through the verdant fields of to this depression; that the present condition of England, or admire the doughty deeds of Lan­ the farmer is far more prosperous than it would celot, without feeling that we are in fairy land. have been under a system of tariff for revenue Tennyson describes a scene with the anxious only—more prosperous than it ever has been care of a friend, the knowing of an artist, the in this country when the principle of protection instinct of a poet. Minuteness and nicety of was abandoned—and is far better than the con­ description—a thing we look for in all poets—is dition of the farmer in any free-trade country rarely found save in Tennyson and Wordsworth. in the world. Tennyson does not stop at mere description, he The word tariff means a schedule or table of paints; he gives his pictures life: we almost see duties to be paid on goods imported or exported. the air, and "mark the landscape winking thro' This schedule is arrangedand imposed by Con- '^8 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

gress. These tariff duties are designed to fur- maintaining State, county, town and city gov­ nisii revenue to meet the expenses of the pub­ ernments, maintaining schools, paving streets, lic service, to protect the legitimate business of improving roads, keeping up police and fire the country, and to guard home industries against departments and the like, direct taxes are as­ foreign merchants, manufactories or combina­ sessed or levied. These direct taxes are bur­ tions. densome enough, as all know; but how much As foreigners who send their goods here for greater would they not be if the vast sums sale derive all the profits and advantages from annually required to support the Government access to our markets that our own citizens do, were added to them. Our Government never it is thought just to make them bear some of imposes duty on exports. England, however, the burdens of citizenship. They pay no taxes, which sets herself up as the teacher of political and yet they have the protection of our laws economy for all the world, for a long time not and the profits of our trade. They give noth­ only charged export duties, but also passed ing in support of the Government, and yet if statutes prohibiting the exportation of certain any injury or damage is here sustained by them things. For a thousand years England had a or their property they may invoke the aid of protective tariff. Under it she built up her our courts to secure redress. It is deemed manufactories and industries, and raised her proper, therefore, to make those who would shipping to its unparalleled magnitude. It was enjoy the advantages incident to selling here not until 1846 that she cancelled the duties on foreign goods and products pay duties upon most of her imports. But she did not wholly them. This takes very largely from the great declare in favor of free-trade. A number of body of the people the burden of supporting articles were left upon the tariff list, and she the national Government. now secures as import duties about the same We pay no direct taxes into the public treas­ amount of money per head of population that ury; And yet from the public treasury must the United States does. be appropriated money to pay the salaries of The British tariff is "for revenue only," and senators and representatives in Congress, of the is laid indiscriminately against articles of neces­ President, members of the cabinet, ministers sity and luxury, while the tariff of this country and consuls to foreign countries, employees in seeks revenue and protection to domestic in­ the departments at Washington, postmasters, dustries at the same time. There, a round duty judges, ofiEicers and men of the army and navy; is placed on tea and coffee, while here both are also to pay the interest and principal of the admitted free. If the British duty on tea and public debt, pensions, forts, ships of war, im­ coffee had been levied by the United States on proving rivers and harbors, court houses, post- the quantity imported in 1889, the aggregate ofifices, etc. It may well be supposed that if would have been over 326,000,000. This is more the people had to pay direct taxes for the pur­ than was collected in 18S8 from all imports of poses indicated the burden would be found ex­ iron and steel, including tin plates. Here we tremely oppressive. " In such case the people get a glimpse at practical results under a " rev­ of Indiana, for example, would have to pay enue only" tariff; and the question is, what do about Si0,000,000 annually in addition to the voters think of a reform that proposes to trans­ present rate of taxation. Such is the approxi­ fer iron and steel to the free list, and put a heavy mate recently made by Senator Voorhees of tariff on-tea and coffee. this State. But the burden is now hardly felt; England favors free-trade, because by means for the tariff policy transfers this large amount of it she could soon acquire control of the mar­ from the masses of the people to foreign manu­ kets of the world. Before the passage of the facturers and the wealthy classes of our own Free-Trade Act in 1846 in England, the question country who insist upon wearing clothes of for­ of how such an act would benefit farmers was eign make and indulging a taste for things freely discussed in and out of Parliament, and foreign generally. The great majority of the to the credit of the free-traders of that time, American people are satisfied to wear American it must be admitted" that they frankly conceded clothes and to use the products of American that it would lower their condition very mate­ art and labor. If Vanderbilt can pay one hun­ rially. In'fact, their prominent argument was dred thousand dollars for a painting, as he re­ that by reducing the prices of the farmer's pro­ cently did in a foreign country, he can afford ducts, the cost of living to the other classes to pay the duty on it into his own country. would be lessened; that with such reduction in There is a great difference between taxation the cost of living, wages would be reduced; with and tariff duties. For local purposes such as such reduction of wages,the cost of manufactured THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 539 products would be lessened, which, with Eng­ the real cause being neither obscure nor difficult land's large capital and shipping, would give her to understand. These prices are fixed by the manufacturers the markets of the world. In short, same law that fixes the prices of all commodities, it was proposed by free-traders to crush farm­ the- law-of supply and demand. Let our.farm­ ers that manufacturers might build on their ers adapt their lands and labor to the needs of ruins. Why do not these democratic orators tell our market, and there will not be an over-prO'' our farmers about their English brethren who duction;- • ' have all the free-trade they want? The New If we examine closely the,last reports of our York Sun says in a recent issue: imports we shall find that an enormous sum " In Kent, England, a farm of 500 acres, that has been is paid out to foreign countries for articles of let for $6000 per year, has just been re-let to the same food, all of which should be produced in this tenant for $2500. This is said to be a fair illustration of country. Why is it necessary to import into the decline of farm values in England." this country S2,500,ooo_worth of vegetables, in­ The fall of over half in the rental value of cluding cabbage, from Holland; 317,156 bushels the farms mentioned is not an isolated case- of potatoes from Scotland, beans and pease This fall of seven-twelfths in the rental value and potatoes from Canada and Nova Scotia? of lands in the most advantageously situated Why is it necessary to import over Si,000,000 part of England, means destruction of farm worth of hay and nearly S8,ooo,ooo worth of values and an agricultural distress that finds breadstuffs and over 16,000,000 dozen eggs, no parallel in any other country, except Ireland. some of which come from Denmark and Sweden ? Free-trade has caused this. Under its so- The free-traders do not tell the farmer that last called beneficent influence any country that for year the agricultural products imported on any reason has been able to grow any farm which duty was levied, aggregated in value over produce cheaper than the English farmers, or $250,000,000; and yet this is a fact. They do that has a surplus, is invited to dump its prod­ not tell him that our total agricultural imports uce in England. For forty years the tariff—for amounted to nearly 5350,000,000. The McKinly revenue only—policy has been tried in England, tariff bill is intended to meet both the demand and during the whole period the condition of of the American farmer and the American man­ the laboring classes has been growing compara­ ufacturer. And so they are bound to join issues tively worse. If the system has benefited any and stand by the tariff. class it has been the rich. The object of the American Protective Tariff •• • ^ is, by adequate duties upon imported products, to protect American labor, whether agricultural, Going Home. manufacturing, mining or commercial, against " Heimgang!" so the German people the competition of low-priced and pauper labor Whisper, when they hear .the bell in foreign countries. It recognizes that the Tolling from some grand old steeple American people should not and will not sub­ Death's fapiiliar tale to tell. mit to the low standard of wages prevailng in When they hear the organ dirges other countries; that this is a government by Swelling out from chapel dome, And the singers' chanting service, . . the people; that the existence of the Republic " Heimgangl" always going home. depends upon the maintenance of a high stand­ ard of American citizenship, and that in all " Heimgang!'- quaint and tender crying, questions of public policy the advancement of In the grand old German'tongue. the citizen takes precedence of every other con­ That hath shaped a nation's praying. sideration. And the hymns that they have sung; Blessed is our loving Maker, The .interests of the farmer are intimately That where'er our feet shall roam. connected with the interests of every other Still we journey toward " God's acre "— producing class, and a blow to one injures all. " Heimgang!" always going home. If the manufactures are not prosperous, farm­ " Heimgang!" we are all so weary; ing languishes; if farming is not prosperous, And the willows as they wave. manufactures are depressed. Employment, not Softly singing in the breezes. cheapness, is the true basis of all national pros­ Woo us to the tranquil grave perity. When the golden pitcher's broken With its dregs or mth itsfoam. The advocates of free-trade charge that the And the" tender words are spoken. fall in the price of corn and wheat is caused by "Heimgang!" we are going home! the protective system; but such is not the case. -Ex. 540 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

with a spirit of devotion to our country; and bet ter prepared to defend it when the call is "to mnw arms ^ • » iSu&Iiettli »&ns Saturtag iurfng ffiemi ffiinit at K". 33. Snibrrsits. —The Ave Maria celebrates this week its Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Notre Dame, Ind. Silver Jubilee. In keeping with the auspicious occasion it appears in silver-tinted cover, a beau­ Notre Dame, May 3,1890. tiful engraving of "Our Lady of the Angels," after Bougereau's masterpiece, and ornamented Terms, $-i.^o per Afinutn. Postpaid. Address EDITOR NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, letters and sketches that add a new charm to Notre Dame, Indiana. the interesting and instructive articles with which it is filled. With the opening of the month of Staff. May, twenty-five years ago, the first number of the Ave Maria appeared—the realization of the J. W. CAVANAUGH, 'QO, H. P. BRELSFORD, '91, inspired thought of the venerable Founder of J. B. SULLIVAN, '91, J. E. H. PARADIS, '90, C. T. CAVANAGH, '91, Notre Dame, the Very Rev. Father Sorin, Supe­ F. C. LONG, '90. rior-General of the Congregation of Holy Cross, JOSEPH E. BERRY, '91, W. MORRISON, '90, whose devotion to the ever-Blessed Mother of God has been the guiding-star of this home of —"A sound mind in a sound body." There religion and learning, leading- it on in its un­ is in this oft-repeated saying something which wonted career of prosperity. From its very college students are frequently wont to over­ inception the Ave Maria—the only journal of look as of no special import to them. It can­ its kind in the English language devoted to the not be brought to one's mind too often that he honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary—commended is always in need of some kind of exercise to itself to the patronage of every Christian, and secure to his physical nature the normal and it needed only to be known to be appreciated proper development of its functions, and thereby and loved. But especially during the past fifteen to acquire that robust, healthy constitution years, under the direction of its gifted editor- which is such a blessing to him who possesses priest, it has attained a high place and a com­ it, and the envy of altogether too many. The manding influence in the world of Catholic gymnasium, with its various apparatus, is the literature. We congratulate Our Lady's Journal means chosen by some, while others prefer the upon this happy anniversary, and hope for it a open air sports, such as base-ball, football, etc. career of increasing prosperity made brilliant No one can say that there is no benefit derived by the gems of golden and diamond jubilees. frorti these forms of exercise. In connection with this subject we may repeat Besides these we have here a kind of exercise that the AveMaria commends itself toChristians which has not received as much attention from everywhere. It numbers among its contribu­ the students as it deserves, and especially from tors some of the best writers on both sides of those who need it most. This is the military the Atlantic. Such writers as the Rev. A. A. company drill. By it is acquired an upright Lambing, LL. D., Rev. Reuben Parsons, D. D., carriage and no little strength and activity; and Father Edmund, C. P., Father Russell, S. J,, John it has the advantage of not being as violent as Gilmary Shea, Aubrey de Vere, Christian Reid, the other forms referred to. More interest should Brother Azarias, Eliza Allen Starr, Charles be taken in the military drill, both as a means Warren Stoddard, Maurice F. Egan, Mrs. Dor- of physical advancement and as a pleasing en­ sey, Miss Donnelly, and others that might be tertainment to our visiting friends. The dress mentioned, are persons of no ordinary ability, parade, on occasions for special display, con­ and hold a high rank among the writers of our tributes considerably towards giving spirit and times. The editorial notes and miscellany are life to the day; and were the companies aug­ always entertaining and instructive. Altogether, mented in numbers by more recruits, the evolu­ the articles, essays, stories, poems, etc., that ap­ tions would have a much better appearance. pear each week in the Ave Maria, make it a A challenge received a short time ago by our periodical that well deserves a widely-extended company from that of another college to meet patronage. There is also a Youth's Department them in competitive drill, gives us another which affords agreeable reading for children. means of making ourselves felt by those outside. In a word, the Ave Maria happily combines ex­ Advantage should be taken of it that, as coming cellence, variety and cheapness, as a result of citizens of this great Republic, we maybe infused which it has subscribers all over the world. THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 541

wams of poor Lo, by prosperous towns a;nd: vil­ A Traveller's Musings. lages; the tangled forests,' by green-fields-bear­ ing promise of a golden harvest; the war-whoop III. of the red man by the calliopean neighings of the Bidding good-bye to the flourishing little city iron horse!. Running too far west of the Ten­ of miasma and high-water, or deep-mud, pants, nessee River, we did not get a view of that we cross the 0-hi-o, on the high go, over the famous old log cabin that fired the poetical new steel viaduct bridge of the Illinois Central genius of W. D. Gallagher: RR. This grand mechanical structure, though " An old log cabin I think of not comparable in point of engineering skill to On the banks of the Tennessee." the New York and Brooklyn suspension bridge, We could not exclaim, "let her go, Gallagher." or the cantilever bridge, that spans the Firth of Evidences of prosperity, thrift and industry Forth in Scotland and is 8534 feet in length, in the appearance of the towns, villages and gives promise that at no remote period Ameri­ farm houses, begin to decrease the further we can science and enterprise will throw a solid advance into Dixie Land. Jackson, Tenn., is, roadbed for the locomotive over Behring Straits, however, a flourishing city of over 9000 inhabit­ and thus connect forever with bands of steel the ants. It has several important manufactures, Old World and the New. and, like several other Southern towns of late, In the wonderful inventions of man in the 19th it is putting forth its best energies to increase century we behold the fulfilment of a prophecy them. made by the intuitive genius of the Angel of The State of Mississippi presents but few the Schools in the 13th. Explaining the rapid features of interest to the stranger within its conquest of the world by the Man of Sin tow­ borders. At first there are interminable tracts of ards the end of time, he says that in the latter hilly or undulating and sparsely wooded coun­ days, the barriers which shall have divided the try. The soil, which is a barren red clay, is nations and races of mankind shall be thrown scarred and furrowed by washouts, the result of down, and that men, by control acquired over the heavy rains characteristic of a southern cli­ natural forces, will establish a most rapid com­ mate, and called by the Germans Platzregen. munication among one another for the propa­ Then come immense stretches of pine forests, gation of good or evil, especially of the latter. followed towards the southern portion of the If we count in its' approaches, the Illinois Cen­ state by extensive swamps. With the exception tral bridge is one of the longest on the globe. It of Holly Springs, Grenada and Jackson, the stretches from the wooded shores of Illinois to towns we passed through are small and unpro- the green slopes of Kentucky—a distance of gressive. The villages resemble so many "Sleepy about four miles. Twelve massive piers of gran­ Hollows" just beginning to awake from a pro­ ite and limestone for its support, rise out of the found slumber that has lasted since the war of river bed and shore lines. The land piers are therebellion. Neither do they lack their Rip Van tubular and constructed of wrought iron. Judg­ Winkles in the grizzly, gray-haired, oleaginous, ing by the eye the river at this point is over soapless, unkempt old Sambos into whose souls 2000 feet in width. Its swollen waves and rapid the "iron of slavery had entered," and who'now current hastened to join the great Father of use liberty as a cloak of idleness. With occa­ Waters a few miles below, and together with the sional exceptions the dwellings in these hamlets venerable old gentleman go on a few sprees and are very poorly and cheaply built; but no mat­ smash the levees. ter how insignificant or frail a shanty may be, Three hours carried us over the undulating it is ornamented with some kind of a porch or surface of the land of the Mammoth Cave and verandah in true Southern style. The great bulk liquid Bourbon dynasty—good old Kentucky. of the population of Mississippi is colored. Five hours more bowled us over the rolling There are 750,000, some say one million, of the ground of western Tennessee. There was not children of sunny Africa in this State out of a much difference in the appearance of the country total population of 1,250,000. And, judging from through which we passed and that of southern the little flocks of pickanninies crowding the Indiana, exclusive of the hilly and rocky region doors of every cabin, or playing with the dogs bordering on the Ohio. The farm houses, fences in the sunshine—for dogs are as numerous here and other appurtenances were much the same as at Constantinople—the descendants of Cham —there were the same large tracts of virgin for­ are here to stay, in spite of all the fine-spun ests, awaiting the axe of the sturdy immigrant theories of political economists as to the fea.s- or native tiller of the soil. However, the large ibility of their colonization in New Siberia, on brick chimneys at the gables of the houses and the shores of Lake Victor Nyanza or on the the withered stalks of the cotton plant in Ten­ banks of the Congo. One might as well talk of nessee reminded us that we' were south of the transporting the lepis cunicuhis of Australia to famous Mason and Dixon line. Could the ghost more hospitable shores whereas the enterprising of Daniel Boone recross the Styx, what a con­ young Yankee with his bottle of Pasteur's hac- trast would he find with old pioneer times! The cilli has failed in diminishing the little rodent wild deer and grizzlies replaced by short horns mammals of the Australian continent! It is and thorough-bred racers; the miserable wig­ doubtful if the Mormon menageries could com- 542 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

pare with the colored nurseries in regard to the of our colored brethren in meridional latitudes. multiplicity of the picados iiinos! One woolly- " Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife, Their sober wishes never learn to stray; headed gentleman, whose Erebus hue would Along the cool, sequestered vale of life have filled the ace of spades with suicidal intent, They keep the noiseless tenor of their way." sat on his little verandah surrounded by a pro­ If contentment be, as the poets sing, the mea­ geny about as numerous as ever claimed the sure of man's happiness here below, many-wived Prophet Brigham Young for papa. "A mind content both crown and kingdom is;" The train happened to stop on account of a hot box for a few minutes before his well-ventilated and if it be true that shanty. Several of the passengers invited the " When ignorance is bliss 'tis folly to be wise," worthy patejfamilias to bring his dime museum the darkies are certainly among the happiest out into the full light of day. As he approached of mankind, notwithstanding their poverty and the cars he held with one arm a brace of fat, shin­ lack of learning; for of the corroding cares and ing, musky little "tootsies-wootsies." "Twins," vaulting ambitions of their white brethren, they he remarked. With the other he held suspended know little or nothing. Who ever hears of a in air, a diminutive specimen of rotund human­ negro committing suicide—that growing curse ity—a rubber foot-ball with eyes and nose—as of modern enlightenment, or rather learned you would take a plucked chicken or gobbler ignorance and practical infidelity? Fill up his by the leg or wing. I feared he would say trip­ musculo-membraneous abdominal reservoir with lets! or quadruplets! to the horror of the lady possum and put a dilapidated banjo in his excursionists; but, fortunately, his attention was hand, he is as happy as Robert of Lincoln diverted to candy, cake and comfits, which were chirping on a bough: handed to him by lily-white hands from the car " Bob-o'-link, bob-o'link, Spink, spank, spink, windows. Of course, no gentleman, except a Chee, chee, chee!" dude, will lay claim to this category. In the But the happiness of a bird, or of a frog on a log mean time, a dozen or two of his MempKian •heirs and heiresses in scanty raiment, scrambled in a pool may be that of a fool. It is not that on the ground for the pennies, nickels or dimes of men and women created to the image of God thrown amongst them by the masculine portion with noble capacities of boundless extent, desti­ of the enthused spectators. Of course, the en­ nies so grand that the most brilliantspeculations terprising colored patriarch felt just as proud and flights of poet or philosopher never attained as old King Juba, the Khan of Tartary, or a aglimmer of such glory. Revelation alone could Pasha of Three Tails! lift the veil and point out a throne and sceptre above the stars. Hence the imperative duty of For many years succeeding the "late un­ the more favored Caucasian race—to improve pleasantness," these "images of God, carved in at any cost and sacrifice the material, and espe­ ebony," seemed to have no other ambition than cially the spiritual condition of their unfortunate that of simply vegetating. Latterly, however, colored brethren—the victims of man's avarice there has been a marked change for the better and inhumanity to man. Red and black hogs among many of them, especially in those states with long snouts, sharp tusks, long legs and in which new industries, such as mining, iron­ razor backs formed an important feature of the works, and lumber mills have been started. . In scene and supplied plenty of pigiJientiox nature's Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas many of the canvas. They ran around everywhere almost negroes are beginning to purchase and clear up wild, working as hard as a ward politician in patches of land on which they cultivate a little the interests of home consumption—with them it cotton, corn, tobacco or vegetables. Their was a clear case of "root, hog, or die." methods of agriculture are still very primitive. We passed through almost interminable They scratch the soil with something like an stretches of magnificent pine woods. The trees old Egyptian plow that would send a chill for virginal forests are not very large, but make through Oliver. A yoke of small, scrawney beautiful logs. The logs are brought to the oxen—a pair of raw-boned, sleepy mules, or a mills over wooden tramways, the traction being diminutive scraggy horse—all usually harnessed furnished by several mules or oxen driven in with ropes, form the motive power on all occa­ single file or tandem. At one place I saw four­ sions. I have seen a venerable colored gentle­ man drive two yoke of oxen to haul a half bale teen oxen pulling in a line with breast-bands, of cotton in a sort of a two-wheeled dry-goods traces, and belly-bands all of rope. The wood, box, to the railway station. One yoke, I sup­ on account of toughness of fibre and beauty of pose, was to drag the other along if it balked grain, is being more and more extensively'used or fell down by the way. Most of the vehicles both North and South, for flooring, wainscott- were like the ancient war chariots, two-wheeled ing, doors, casing and house trimming. and of the ram-shackle order. The old Deacon's Northern capital and English syndicates are wonderful one-hoss shay, that collapsed by the making vast inroads into these primeval forests way, here would not pay—it would be too classic as is evidenced by the numerous clearings, the and aristocratic, though it might pass muster many saw-mills, and the hugh heaps of saw­ in New England, Hog, hominy, and Johnny dust bordering the railroad. Such is also the cake form the Mahommedan Paradise or Utopia case with the vast forests of eastern Texas. Vast areas of the best woodlands in both States THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 543 have been gobbled up by foreign capital. One try it again. Seriously, however, Partiiriuntmon­ of the wants of the South to-day are good laws ies, nascetiir ndicnlns miis. for the protection of the virgin forests against —The April Blackb7irniau has a pertinent edi­ total destruction as well as for the encourage­ torial inveighing against that evil so prevalent ment of arboriculture. in college life known as "cramming" for class Leaving out commercial considerations, this rank. The writer says, among other things: might be advisable from a climatic point of " Search for truth' for truth's sake.' Learn for the sake view. Many of our best meteorologists claim that of knowing. This can be the only true purpose of a course the wholesale hewing down of our timber entails of study. To have it said that you "got a hundred" in injurious and violent climatic changes, destruc­ examination is to excite the admiration of your fellows. tive floods and perhaps prepares the way for the But to have it known that you kjiow is to command the respect of the world. To seem to know is to be praised. cataclysmal cyclone. If John Bull could not ' To know is to rule.'" smash the Union by means of the cannon and cruisers furnished the Confederacy, he is deter­ —The exchange man of the Northwestern has mined to have a hand in shaping the destinies at last wakened up, and we regret to notice that of the nation through our money and protective he has awakened in a very bad humor. Reply­ industries. He is buying up our Western terri­ ing to the gentle chiding of the SCHOLASTIC, tories, grain elevators, breweries, distilleries, that worthy rubs his sleepy eyes and sputters, iron-mills and other manufacturing interests as "you're another." Well, well, you are not a bad rapidly 2isbigmo?iey w'lW fetch them, and drawing sort, after all; but you must pardon the SCHO­ his dividends to the foggy city on the Thames. LASTIC if it timidly reiterates its suggestion that But if he is not careful, the plethoric old gen­ you would add to the already transcendent tleman will be compelled some day to drop his merit of your department did you use your scis­ real estate which should belong only to the free sors less and your pencil more. citizens of a free country. Let him go to the —The Pemi Chronicle is a college journal pub­ Dark Continent—not the place where winter lished monthly somewhere in the Hawkeye coal is ivirmshe.d gratis, but to Africa—where he State. Its columns are replete with classic lore may strive to revive the decayed institution of and the treasured learning of the ages. Typo­ landlordism among the Caffirs, Hottentots or graphically it is perfect, its literary contribu­ Zulus. S. tions are beyond criticism, and the great moral NEW ORLEANS, March 2, 1890. lessons which it would inculcate eclipse the most aggressive yet given to the world. Its exchange man is a marv^el in the art of repartee. Exchang-es. The great masters of the past in comparison are "as moonlight into sunlight." The editorial —''Uii Tour aVEnfer" is a good thing in the man of the SCHOLASTIC in a recent issue had the current Lombard Revietv. temerity to suggest that Prohibition, as a means —"Thy Easter Card" is a pretty bit of verse of suppressing intemperance was generally con­ in the latest issue of the Round Table. sidered to be a failure. Forthwith the Chronicle sage, with fire in his eyes and with all the nerve —Tlie Fortnightly Lantern has an excellent ap­ and skill of a practised soldier, turns his guns' preciation of Addison's "Sir RogerDeCoverly." upon us, and in no unmistakable terms informs —The Speadwn for April contains a well- the public that " Prohibition is the greatest suc­ written history of the Michigan Agricultural cess of the nineteenth century," and fain would College. know " the sources from whence we draw our' —"A King's Banquet" is the title of a poem information." Yea, verily, brother. Prohibition is in rhymed pentameter in the St. John's Univer­ a great success, a remarkable success 1 All other sity Record. It is an Oriental tale, and in it there successes pale before it! It has demonstrated are many lines of unusual merit. clearly and conclusively to all, perhaps, but a- ' —The Jubilee number of the Salve Regina is few hide-bound and narrow-minded fanatics, a splendid issue. It is replete with interesting that prohibition is a monstrous failure and an reading matter, and we regret that we have utter absurdity. This "I am holier than thou" not space for a more extended review of its policy has wellnigh ruined Iowa. Capital has contents. been driven from the state; business stagnated; —In an article on "An American Continental one class of people are made the prey of another. Commercial Union or Alliance," a writer in the All sane people in Iowa have declared their dis­ gust for this obnoxious measure; yet the leaders University Cynic maintains that the recent Pan- of this great moral reform (?) say that their American Congress was but the elaboration of' present zeal is but a foretaste of what's to come. a plan formulated thirty years ago by Stephen Prohibition in Iowa is a farce: the sale of intoxi­ A. Douglas. cants has not decreased. The writer has made —A short time ago the SCHOLASTIC fed a little personal observations, and knows whereof he red pepper to the elephantine University Forum, speaks. It is clearly outside the province of a and in consequence that ponderous journal college journal to discuss political issues; but capers about in a most amusing way. It was we are inclined to view this as a moral rather great sport, and the SCHOLASTIC is tempted to 544 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. than a political measure. We are among the —The devotions of the month of May—the staunchest advocates of temperance, but we see month consecrated to the honor of the Blessed no'redeeming feature in this hypocritical prohi­ Virgin Mary—were opened on Wednesday even­ bition policy. ing with an appropriate sermon by the Rev. President Walsh. Benediction of the Most Local Items. Blessed Sacrament was given by Very Rev. Pro­ vincial Corby. —May Devotions. —The Senior branch of the Archconfraternity —" Muske-Muske-Muskegon!" of the Blessed Virgin Mary was reorganized last Thursday morning. The election of officers —The Juniors had an umpire. resulted as follows: President, Louis P. Chute; —It's coming fast! Wait 'er out! Vice-President, Sylvester Hummer; Secretary, —^The Tennis Court is still in session. C. T. Cavanagh; Treasurer, J. Kelly; Censors, —Did you see that bean pole on first? Frank Kelly and Jno. Cooke; Sergeant-at-Arms, —That last was a great game. Bad luck! Michael I. Reynolds. The society is now the —Is it a kindergarten or a lunatic asylum ? largest in number and one of the most prosper­ —Junior base-ball politics wax warm again. ous in the University. —The Congress is over, and the Chinese must —One of the most beautiful bouquets we have seen in a long time was presented to Very Rev. go. —Essays are due again ere long, and '''tejnpus Father General the other day by Mr. August fiigiC Beyer, the florist of Gorden Park Place, on the —Charlie's catch was fine. The right field Mishawaka Road. Mr. Beyer's greenhouse is was well occupied. sure to be liberally patronized once its floral —Have j^'ou seen the new letter heads? They treasures become known to the public. The are things of beauty. proprietor is all that one would expect a lover of flowers to be, and any orders entrusted to him —How about that cheer, V. C? Keep up will receive the most careful attention. your reputation as public benefactors. —^The band should appear on "ball-days." —As.Commencement suits will soon be a sub­ We understand that they are quite proficient in ject of consideration, it might be conducive to "ball" music. the interests of the students to look at the local tailoring department before ordering elsewhere. —It is reported that a game has been arranged Bro. Augustus has always given universal sat­ with the Jenny and Graham team of Chicago isfaction, and this year has been no exception for next Thursday. to the rule. Everyone, and particularly the —^The Junior Base-ball Association held a occupants of Sorin Hall, speak very favorably regular business meeting the other day; it was of his work. It would be advisable to look over quite enjoyable for some. his stock before sending to other places for suits. —Some of our hunters, under the guidance He can please every taste. of Bro. Marcellinus, took a trip to St. Joseph's —BOAT CLUB.—Schwartz is assistant Commo­ Farm last Thursday. They report a grand time. dore.—The first meeting of the club was held —It is said that Commencement will be cele­ recently for the purpose of electing ofificers and brated by a grand musical entertainment by the arranging affairs for the opening of navigation. vocal classes—an opera. Preparations have By an unanimous vote it was decided that the been already begun. race at Commencement shall be between crews —During the week a box of rare and valuable representing Sorin Hall and the Yard. The fol­ books arrived for the library—a gift from the lowing form the new administration: Director, Rev. James Rodgers, C. S. C., President of St. Rev. T. E.Walsh; Referee, Rev. A. Morrissey; Joseph's College, Cincinnati, Ohio. President, Rev. M. J. Regan; Secretary, E. Prud- —^The celebrated "Invincibles" have a new homme; Commodore, C. Flynn; Captain Sorini diamond on the Junior campus. This famous Hall crew, J. Hepburn; Captain Yard crew, T. aggregation of base-ball stars has reorganized McKeon. Election of treasurer and captains of for the season, and is ready for frays with all other crews was postponed till next meeting.— comers. Leonard is electioneering for captaincy of a six- —The improvements made upon the pleasure oared barge. He keeps good cigars.—McPhee boat, Henry, reflect no little credit on Bro. Eu­ will be a six-oar coxswain.—Bronson made a gene who attended to the work. The patcH has big catch of fish the other day. Those who been affixed with a neatness that is only equalled were with him say each fish scratched himself by its strength. vigorously before biting.—Jackson took the —^The "stock-holders" should remember that boat house for the post office the other day. visiting teams are the guests of the University, —LAW DEPARTMENT.—The regular session of and should be treated with courtesy. The the Moot-court was held Saturday evening, "guying" of the "Muskegons" and others on April 26, Judge Hoynes presiding. The case Tuesday, to say the least, was not very credit­ of Crawford vs. Frazier came up on appeal able. from St. Joseph County Circuit court, C. Cas- THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 545 sin appeared for the appellee, and J. F, Flynn came in on Dixon's two-bagger to centre; Mc- for the appellant. Judgment was affirmed with Mahon made a hit, and Dixon came in on Hayes' costs. The case of Barry vs. Jones was the wild throw. Hayes, of the visitors, went out by next on the docket. This was also on appeal Long to Bronson. It was in this inning that from the court below. Messrs. McKeon and Notre Dame began to take a hand in the pro^ Blackman for appellee, and Long and Lane for ceedings. Kelly lined out a single and took appellant. The decision of the lower court was second on an error in right field which gave reversed. Both cases involved principles in the Hayes his first. Kelly then made the steal of Statute of Frauds, the main question being as to the game, taking third before their very eyes. whether certain promises were original or col­ Fitzgibbon struck out; Jewett waited for four lateral undertakings.—^The law class is taking balls, got them and toddled down to first; notes on Evidence at the morning lecture. In Campbell knocked out a clean hit, bringing in the first afternoon lecture the subject of Agency a couple of runs; Bronson flew out to McMa- is considered.—The exercises of the Quiz class hon, and Long struck out. The score now stood, are very instructive to the Junior as well as to Notre Dame, 3; Muskegon, 5. the Senior class, and for the rest of the session Both sides were blanked in the fourth. Bir­ hard work is expected from all. mingham was hit and reached first; but Jewett —The Columbians held their weekly meeting, and Cooke settled his hash when he tried to on Tuesday evening. Prof. Brogan presiding. steal second. Hefferon and Dixon made a hit After the adoption of the minutes of the pre­ each and both scored. McMahon went out by vious meeting, A. Ahlrichs read a criticism of the Hayes to Bronson, and the other Hayes allowed same. William Ford then delivered a decla­ Jewett to put him out by a foul fly. Fitzgibbon mation entitled "Eugene Aram's Dream." Mr. took first on Pebeau's error and stole second; Ford, who is a finished elocutionist, displayed in doing so he strained a muscle in his side his rare abilities to advantage. His rendition and was compelled to withdraw from the game, of this difficult piece brought forth loud applause. much to the regret of everyone present. Jewett The debate, "Resolved, That the Australian bal­ struck out; Campbell was out by a phenomenal lot system should be adopted in the United scratch catch by McMahoh; Bronson made States," was opened by C. Brookfield, whose another hit, and brought Fitz in, and Long made arguments were a sort of prelude to what fol­ a two-bagger and brought Ross over the plate. lowed. Raymond C. Langan opened the affir­ Cooke's single sent Long to third, but they were mative side in a speech deserving of praise. His both left on base, as Flynn's fly to left was taken remarks were pointed and clean cut. Thos. by Welch with another "phenomenal" catch. McKeon followed on the same side. His speech In the sixth De Vilbiss went into the box for was elaborately brilliant, sparkling with lumi­ the home team and Long took Fitzgibbon's nous thoughts, and gracefully delivered. Hugh place in centre. Pebeau was the only Muske- Carroll surprised the members with his scathing gonite to score. He got a base on balls, took and sarcastic remarks and telling facts on the second on a wild pitch, and crossed the plate part of the affirmative. The chair decided in on Miller's single. Hayes brought one in for favor of the affirmative. O. Jackson read a Notre Dame. He made a" hit, got second on a selection entitled "Fictitious Writings." He wild pitch, stole third and came in on an error acquitted himself creditably, and well deserved by Dixon. In the seventh Dixon went out by the rounds of applause which he received. Kelly to Bronson; McMahon and Hayes made some hits and both scored. Harris got around BASE-BALL—Notre Dame vs. Muskegon. by a base on balls for a starter and a wild pitch By a run of surprising luck the Muskegons when he was on third. Pebeau concluded to sit downed the 'Varsity nine on Tuesday last. The down after Hayes had passed his grounder to game was interesting; the boys made a gallant Bronson; Miller struck out. For Notre Dame, up-hill fight, almost capturing the game in the Bronson struck out; Long went out by Miller ninth. Muskegon opened with a jump, and by to Birmingham; Cooke sent a swift one to pitch­ sending out four singles and assisted by an error er's box and got first, stole second, took third in left, brought in three runs for a starter. The on Flynn's single, and scored on Birmingham's N. D.'s were not as yet warmed up, and did noth­ error. Kelly flew out to Hefferon. ing. Kelly went out by Hefferon to Birmingham; In the eighth and ninth inning Muskegon Hayes got a life on first through an error on short scored nothing. Jewett's hit in the eighth in­ stop; Fitzgibbon sent the ball to Pebeau who ning brought Hayes home after the latter had had it easily, and Jewett struck out. Although reached second by means of a base on balls the Michiganders got three men on bases in the and a stolen base. In the ninth Cooke re­ second, they failed to score, and the collegians ceived a base on balls; Flynn brought him in did likewise, although hits by Bronson and Long by a triple to left, and Kelly's hit brought the showed that they could find Miller. In the right fielder home: Hayes went out to Bir­ third Welch opened for the visitors by striking mingham, Kelly couldn't steal second, and De out; Birmingham was presented with a base on Vilbiss ended the game by fanning out. Bron­ balls, stole second, waited there till Hefferon son and Flynn did the batting this time, while was put out by Hayes to Bronson, and then Jewett did wonderfully well behind the bat. 54^ THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

McMahon, Birmingham and Welch were the Brady, T. M. Brady, T. T. Brady, W. Brady, Blumenthal, best in the field for the visitors. A glance at Bradley, Bos, Barger, Burke, Barclay, Burns, Bergland, J. Connors, Collins, Delany, Dempsey, DesGarennes, the score will show that the hoys pla37ed right Drumm, DeLormier, Dela Pena, Elder, J. H. Flannigan, even with their opponents; and if they were J. Fitzgerald, C. Fitzgerald, A. M. Funke, Gerlach, Gar­ beaten, it can easily be accounted for by the rison, Galen, Grund, Howard, Hambaugh, Hack, Hesse, startling run of luck the visitors had. The team Hahn, R. Healy, P. Healy, Heller, Higgle, Hoerr, Ibold, Kearney, V. Kehoe, L. Kehoe, Kutsche, J. Leonard, could well be strengthened, however, and prac­ Murphy, Maurus, Maher, D. Monarch, L. Monarch, Mit­ tice, not fooling, at the Red and Blue games chell, Mier, McCartney, Jas. McPhillips, A. McPhillips, would result in better ball playing when out­ F. McDonnell, F. McKee, McNally, Mclvers, F. Neef, siders play here. If De Vilbiss could be trained A. Neef, Neenan, O'Brien, O'Rourke, O'Neill, O'Mara, Otis, Palmer, Pomeroy, Prichard, Quinlan, Quill, Rarig, he would make a good pitcher within a few Roper, Rowsey, F. Schillo, Scott, Seerey, Sokup, Scher­ weeks. The following is the score: rer, Sutter, Spalding, Stapleton-, Smith, Treff, Thorn, Tiv- MUSKEGON. A.B. R. B. I'.O. A. E. nen, Welch, Weston, Weitzel, Weise, Ward,Wertheimer, Harris,3db 422 i 20 Wolff, White, Zinn. Pebeau, 2d b 4 2 2 3 o i MINIM DEPARTMENT. Miller, p 5 13 o 12 o Masters Adler, Ayres, Ball, O. Brown, Blake, Burns, Welch, 1. f 5 o I 2 o I Barbour, Browning, Bixby, Cornell, Crandall, W. Con­ Birmingham, 1st b 3 i o 12 o i nor, C. Connor, W. Crawford, A. Crawford, Crane, Coon, Hefferon, s. s 5 i 2 o 3 i Croke, Durand, Drant, Elkin, Ezekiel, W. Finnerty, T. Dixon, c 522791 Finnerty, Frankel, Falvey, Fuller, W. .Furthman, C. McMahon, c. f .5 i 2 2 o o Furthman, E. Furthman, Funke, Flynn, Girardin, Gil­ Hayes, r. f 2 i 2 o o i bert, Greene, D. Gilkison, A. Gilkison, J. Griggs, Girsch, C. Griggs, Hoffman, Hamilton, Hendry, Hoibrook, Jon- Total 41 " 16 27 26 6 quet, Krollman, King, Keeler, Kuehl, Kern, Lonergan, NOTRE DAME. A.B. R. B. P.O A. E. Londoner, Lonnsberry, H. Lamberton, Loonie, Loomis, Kelly, 3d b 6 12020 Maternes, Marr, Mattas, H. Mestling, E. Mestling, My­ Hayes, s.s 5 310 31 ers, McPhee, McPhillips, Morrison, Marre, Mosier, W. Fitzgibbon, c. f 3 i o o o o Nichols, C. Nichols, O'Neill, Oatman, Priestly, C. Paul, Jewett, c ; -4 i 2 ir 40 C. Packard, J. Packard, Roberts," Ronning, Ryan, Stone, Campbell, 1. f 5 o i o o i G. Scherrer, W. Scherrer, Stephens, Swan, Thornton, Bronson, 1st b.. 5 i 3 11 o i Trujillo, Vorhang, Washburne, Wilcox, Wever, Weber, Long, p. f '. 5 02170 Wilson, Wolf, C. Zoehrlaut, G. Zoehrlaut, Zeigler. Cooke, 2db 5 2 2 2 2 i * Omitted by mistake last week. Flynn, r. f 5 i 3 i o 0 De Vilbiss, p 3 o 0 o 5 i Total .46 10 16 26* 23 5 Class Honors. Earned runs: Notre Dame, 2; Muskegon, 3. Total bases: Notre Dame, 19; Muskegon, 17. Left on bases: PREPARATORY COURSE. Notre Dame, 10; Muskegon, 8. Two base hits: Dixon, Messrs. Parker, F. Flynn, Karasynski, C. Flynn, D. Long. Three base hits: Flynn. Stolen bases: Notre Dame, Phillips, Pyplatz, Bovett, Kunert, Tivnen, Reedy, Crall, 10; Muskegon, 8. Struck out: by Miller, 10; by Long, 5; Grothaus, Sanchez, W. Newman, D. Sullivan, J. Cava- by De Vilbiss, 5. Passed ball: Jewett. Wild pitches: nagh, Latson, Cohn, Weston,-De Lormier, Tinsley, F. Miller, i; De Vilbiss, 3. Base on hit by pitched ball, Bir­ Keough, Kearney, W. Burns, Hack, Lenard, D. Monarch, mingham. Umpire: A. E. Leonard. Seerey, Welch, J. Leonard, Weisse, QviiW, P. Jacobs, E. SCORE BY INNINGS:—I 23456789 Jewett, Tivnen, Dorsey, O'Meara, A. Prichard, Young, NOTRE DAME:—o o 3 o 2 i i i 2=10 A. Campbell, Wolff, Casey. MUSKEGON:—3 0202130 0=11 COMMERCIAL COURSE. *,Pebeau out: hit by batted ball. Messrs. Bradley, Crandall, Dyer, E. Fleming, Fisk, Ford, Garrison, Grimes, Heard, Hayes, Hesse, Heller, Kearns, Maher, Blumenthal, Curtis, A. Funke, Gibbons, Roll of Honor. Hynes, H^ahn, Keyes, Lynch, Lancaster, Lesner, Mit­ chell, F. Murphy, ]. Newman, Rarig, Stapleton, Treff, SENIOR DEPARTMENT. Metzger, Mier, Robinson, F. Schillo, Scott, Wertheimer, Messrs. Adelsperger, Ahlrichs, Allen, Berry, Blessing- Talbot. ton, Bovett, Burns, H. Brannick, Barrett, Benz, Burger, Brelsford, Combe, Cassin, Cassidy, Campbell, G. Cooke, List of Excellence. L. Chute, F. Chute, T. Coady, P. Coady, Crall, J. Cava- nagh, Dela Pena, Dacy, Dyer, Jas. Dougherty Davis, C. Flynn, F. Flynn, Fehr, J. Flynn, P. Fleming, Garfias, PREPARATORY COURSE. Gibbons, Galen, Gough, Grothous, Houlihan, Herman, Za//«—Messrs. A. Flynn, Bovett, F. Neef, Kearns, D. Heard, Hackett, B. Hughes, E.jHughes, Hummer, Hep- Phillips, J. F-itzgerald, Weitzel, Ibold, P. Murphy, Casey, bum, Hempler, Hoover, Higgle, J. S. Johnson, Kearns, Fitzgibbon, Maurus, Blackman; Algebi'a—Messrs. L. J. King, Krembs, J. Kelly, F. Kelly, Kunart, Lesner, Davis, Maurus, Hennesy, Hesse, Kearney, Latson, F. Langan, Lancaster, W. Larkin, A. Larkin, Lane, Lynch, Flynn, Hayes, Roper, Stapleton,-Wolff; Arithmetic— F. Long, L. Long, Leonard, G. McDonald, McWilliams, Messrs. Keyes, Bos, Boone, Dion, Higgle; Grammar— McKee, McPhee, Mithen, McConlogue, Mackey, Mor­ Messrs. F. Murphy, W. Burns, White, F. Whalen, Tin­ rison, Metzger, Meehan, Mandrue, J. Newman, H. O'Neill, sley; Reading—Messrs. Hull, Martin, Neenan, Tinsley; W. O'Brien, O'Shea, Parker, Powers, Phillips, Paradis, United States History—^W. Lorie. Pyplacz, Portilla, H. Prichard, Paquette, Prudhomme, COMMERCIAL COURSE. Paris, Rose, Rothert. Roberts, Reedy, Rolsinson, L. San- Boo/e-KeeJ>ing—Messrs. Ford, Greene, Lesner; Arit/i- ford, N. Sinnott, Steiger, Soden, Scherrer, D. Sullivan, metic—Messrs. Gross, Heller, A. Prichard, Maher, Mier, Sanchez, O. Sullivan, Stanton, Talbot, V. Vurpillat,* F. F. Schillo, E. Fleming, Kearns; Grammar—Q. Merz; Vurpillat, Wright, Youngermann, Zimmerman, Huber, Reading—]. Mandrue; Orthography—J. Rebillot; 6^

the French, German, Latin and English lan­ guages; "Delicacy," "Poetry," " AllforScience," "Spring," "Story of a Day," "Answers to Cor respondents," etc.

One Mile West of Notre Dame University. -:•-•-*-

The Sentinel's Dream- —Warm thanks are extended Mr. P. Breen, of Denver, Colorado, for some beautiful and valu­ able mineral specimens kindly sent by him to At sound of drum and bugle call the Academy Museum. Forth inarched a valiant host, And sadly on the bastion tall —The Third Seniors held an interesting com­ A sentry held his post. petition on Tuesday last; the subject of the test was the history of Rome, in which the Misses " They go to victory, and I, Spurgeon and Bogner showed great proficiency, Though brave of heart, must stay, While for the cause my comrades die "— —Among the welcome visitors of the past He thought—"must I obey?" week were Miss A. Shephard and Miss L. St. Clair, Class '87; Miss M. Rend, Class '89; Miss The guard relieved when night dews fell. A. Gordon, who received the gold art medal last Drew near the camp-fire's smoke, June, and Miss L. Hutchinson. "When through the gloom, 'neath evening's spell, —On Wednesday last the 2d Senior Botany The dawn of dreamland broke. Class enjoyed a ramble through the woods for And high above in clouds of white ' wild flowers which they found in abundance; There gleamed a gate of gold, all seem to take a praiseworthy interest in that While through the opening portal bright charming of sciences, which treats of the floral Sweet strains of music rolled. creation. Then, lo! upheld by angel hands. —"The Augustan Age of Literature" was He saw two spirits borne; the subject of an able and interesting lecture, The one was leader of the bands delivered by Mr. M. F. Egan in the Senior study Led out to strife that mom; hall on Tuesday evening, April 30. The writ­ ers of that period were treated in a masterly The other was himself, alas! manner, and a mine of literary lore was opened What welcome would he meet? to the gaze of the true student. The hosts of Heaven would by him pass The warrior's soul to greet. —On Wednesday last several young ladies of musical and dramatic talent gave a most inter­ But when at Mercy's throne they stood, esting entertainment in the Vocal Hall which There rose a gentle voice— i was tastefully decorated for the occasion. All " The merits of the sacred rood acquitted themselves with honor, and awakened Have won two souls—rejoice!" such enthusiasm that the little opera was re­ " O leader, thou didst keep at heart peated by special request on Thursday evening. My law 'mid cares of state; —^Very Rev. Father General, as usual, pre­ And thou, poor sentry, didst thy part. sided at the regular academic meeting of Sunday, Thou didst obey and wait." the 26th, at which Miss E. Flannery read, in a clear, pleasing voice, a tribute to Sister Rose And through the glowing ether rose Gertrude, who lately left her home and dear ones The angel's psalm of praise To Him who, in His mercy, shows in England to minister to the wants of the lepers The wisdom of His ways. of Molokai; then Miss A. Thirds read a touch­ ing article on the Patronage of St. Joseph, from Just then the distant musket roll, the graceful pen of Eliza Allen Starr. The heavy night gloom rent. —On the visitors' register of last week ap­ The sentry woke, and in his soul pear the following names: W. K. Shirey, Mrs. Was born the gift—content. P. Nacey, Miss M. Nacey, Mrs. O. F. Harmes, ^ •»• C. S. Reed, Mr. and Mrs. J. M. Smyth, Mrs. D. McGuire, P. Cavanagh, M..Cudahy, Mrs. J. T. The Month of May. Young, Mrs. T. A. Evoy, J. W. Cooper, Chicago; L. Schermerhorn, Detroit, Mich.; Mrs. T. H. Scarce have the Paschal chants ceased to be Rooney, London, Ontario; J. J. McGinty, Miss heard when creation bursts forth in a universal J. L. Marion, Denver, Colo. canticle, and, sending up to heaven its perfumes -^The Misses Nester and Crane read the sec­ and harmonies, heralds the advent of beautiful ond number of the Chimes on Sunday the 20th at May. Now the robin vies with the blue bird in the academic meeting; the little class paper jocund carolling; the swallows and linnets join was edited.by the 2d Seniors, and was an inter­ esting issue. The principal articles were: Es­ their alleluias with the voice of the murmuring says on the advantages arising from a study of brook. Flowery May it is called, and appro- 54S THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

priately so: the star-like anemone sways on the v/ind-swept river bank; violets yield their sweet Roll of Honor. odor; the purple lilac tosses in the breeze; the [For politeness, neatness, order, amiability, corr t sweet May-flower extends its delicate petals deportment and observance of rules.] to be kissed by the sun; soft zephyrs fan the SENIOR DEPARTMENT. waving grass, and the majestic trees assume Misses Adelsperger, Ansbach, Bates, Bogner, Bovett, their wonted verdure, while meadow, hill and Cunningham, Coll, Crilly, Churchill, Currier, Cochrane, M. Davis, C. Dempsey, Deutsch, S. Dempsey, De Mont- dale are clothed in the same bright hue. Light court, Donahue, English, Flannery, Healey, Horner, K. and silvery cloudlets hover in the air; the or­ Hurley, Hurff, H.Hanson, Holt Harnies, A. Hanson, Hell- niann, Hale, Hutchinson, Hughes, Kelso, Lynch, Lauth, chard bends beneath its fragrant burden, and McFarland, Moore, Maher, McCarthy, Murison, S. Mc- the swaying willows are mirrored in the waters Phee, Mullaney, Marley, Moore, Norris, Nester, Piper, Pugsley, Patier, K. Ryan, Roberts, Rinehart, Rose, Rinn, beneath. Welcome May! thrice welcome! Your Rentfrow, Reilly, Spurgeon, Schiltz, Schaefer, M. Scher- thousand voices blend into one enchanting har­ merhorn, N. Schermerhorn, Thirds, Violette, Wurzburg. mony in honor of the month of our Mother. The JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. arts themselves carry on a noble rivalry in pro­ Misses Burdick, Clifford, Carlin, Daly, M. Davis, E. Evoy, Hickey, C. Kasper, L. Kasper, Mabbs, McGuire. claiming the glories of Mary: architecture has O'Brien, Patrick, E. Quealy, E. Regan, Ruger, Robbins, raised magnificent temples in her honor; music Shirey, Scherrer, M. Smyth, J. Smyth, Sweeney, Wag­ has created noble harmonies, and poetry fur­ ner, Waldron, M. Wagner, K. Wright, N. Wurzburg. nished sweet and beautiful canticles; but the MINIM DEPARTMENT. Misses L. Adelsperger, Coady, Eldred, M. Egan, N. Church has conferred the crowning honor in Finnerty, H. Girsch, M. Hamilton, K. Hamilton, L. Mc- dedicating to her the most charming month of Hugh, McCarthy,McHugh, Porteous, S. Smyth, N. Smyth. the year.

In the Catholic heart love of the Mother of Class Honors. God is innate; and if we pierce the twilight of unlettered ages we will find her praises sung LANGUAGE COURSE. as well by wandering minstrel as by honored LATIN, bard. The seeds of this love and devotion were 1ST CLASS—Miss G. Clarke. 2D CLASS—Misses Crane, B. Hepburn, F. Burdick, M. sown in the hearts of men long ages since by Smyth. the hand of her Divine Son Himself, and spring­ FRENCH. ing up bore blossoms sweet and attractive; but 3D CLASS, IST DIV.—Misses D. Davis, E. Nester, L. Curtis, Bero, M. Schermerhorn, Hepburn, Hurff, Rine­ not until comparatively recent times did the hart. beautiful bloom, "May Devotions," expand 2D DIV.—Misses Lynch, De Montcourt, C. Haight, S. under the influence of the genial warmth which Dempsey, M. McFarland, Gordon, Byrnes, Roberts, L. Wurzburg, Dolan, A. E. Dennison. dwells in the hearts of Mary's clients. To trace 4TH CLASS—Misses A. Ryan, M. Otis, M. Violette, M. it to its origin. The story is told that, in one of Hickey, E, Ouealy, Clarke, Murison. 2D DIV.—Misses A. Tormey, M. Wagner, K. Wood, J. the Jesuit colleges in Italy, a holy Father, wish­ Patrick, E. Philion, Young, Evoy, M. Burns, E. Burns, ing to promote the advancement of his pupils Moore. in virtue and in science, daily during this month 5TH Class—Misses K. Hamilton,- M. McHugh, M. Egan. gathered his young charges around a shrine GERMAN. 2D CLASS—Misses Deutsch, G. Lauth, Piper, C. Hurley, dedicated to Our Lady; so noticeable was their K. Hurley, F. Moore, Nickel, K. Morse, Quealy. improvement that the devotion soon extended" 3D CLASS—Misses D. Spurgeon, Nacey, A. Ansbach, Harmes, Koopmann. to all the institutions of the Order, and finally 4TH CLASS—Misses E. Schafer, L. Ernest, Currier, L. spread throughout the world. Hagus, C. McCarthy. 2D DIV.—Misses Dreyer, E. Wagner, Rinn, C. Kasper, During this month are offered to the Queen Levy, L. Kasper, Mestling. of Heaven the first fruits of the floral kingdom; 5TH CLASS—Misses Green, E. Adelsperger, N. Scher­ merhorn, N. McGuire, O'Mara, L. McHugh, M. Wagner, and here at St. Mary's, her own domain by so M. Davis, Cochrane, L. Farwell. many titles, loving children gather round her •^•^ altars singing sweet May carols. At her feet pale lilies gleam amid the starry light of twink­ Forgiving Hearts. ling tapers, and as they breathe sweet fragrance The heart that can forgive, and that alone, from their perfumed chalices it seems to mingle May love, but bitter thoughts remain behind; with the incense of prayer that ascends to While memory recalls an evil done. Heaven from earnest hearts, while numberless Then pardon's sweeter part is still unkind. voices chant: The heart which can forget when it forgives Is God-like in the fulness of its love; " Make to bloom these withered souls of ours, When memory of wrong no longer lives. O Madonna, in thine own sweet month of flowers." Then pardon is an echo form above.. CATHERINE HURLEY {First Senior Class.) T, A. M., in Boston Pilot.