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The Industrial Revolution Teacher’s ToolBook Imaginative hands-on U.S. History lessons designed for individual students, cooperative groups, and whole-class learning. The Industrial Revolution World History, Culture & Geography: The Modern World 1750-1914 Practice Test There are 556 multiple-choice questions in this Teacher’s Toolbook. Skills Discover how major events are related to one other in time. Develop a “mental timeline” of key events, people, and historical eras. Using maps, identify physical and cultural features and trace the routes of people. Distinguish relevant from irrelevant information. Explain the central issues and problems of the past. Distinguish cause and effect, sequence and correlation in historical events. Examine the sources of historical continuity. Discover how a combination of ideas and events explains the emergence of new patterns. Recognize the role of chance, oversight, and error in history. Discover how our interpretation of history changes as new information is uncovered. Lessons Perfect for either the block schedule or for the 45-minute class. Lessons include maps, timelines, graphic organizers, mini-lectures, speeches, brain games, memory games, role-playing, roundtable discussions, debates and issues to research. Performance Education © copyright 2003 User’s Guide to reproducing Performance Education’s workbooks We grant individual purchasers of this workbook the right to make sufficient copies of reproducible pages for all students of a single teacher. This permission is limited to a single teacher, and does not apply to entire schools or school system. Institutions purchasing the workbook shall pass on the permission to a single teacher. Copying this document in whole or in part for re-sale is strictly prohibited. Questions regarding this policy should be directed to: Permissions Editor Performance Education PO Box 3878 Mooresville, NC 28117 [email protected] Using primary sources Before you begin, examine this website: www.proteacher.com/cgi- bin/outsidesite.cgi?external=http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/calheritage/k12/primary.htm&original= http://www.proteacher.com/090093.shtml&title=Using Primary Sources Due to the ever-changing environment of the Internet, Performance Education does not guarantee the availability of websites. While every effort is made to ensure the validity of the addresses listed within the workbooks, errors may occasionally occur. After several attempts, you find a link that is no longer available, please notify us at [email protected]. The content as well as any links included with said website does not necessarily represent the views of Performance Education or any of its employees and associates. Educational institutions and news agencies, which may be under governmental jurisdiction supply some of the content of the web links listed within, and therefore, may be representative of the government's official policy, and not necessarily an objective representation of the facts. Generally, possible cultural and political biases should be taken into consideration when using any articles from any source for research purposes. For independent study, please visit these websites: Textbook www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ENLIGHT/INDUSTRY.HTM Documents www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html Inventors www.mmsd.org/elib/elib.cgi?cat=188 Overview www.victorianweb.org/ www.kidinfo.com/American_History/Industrial_Revolution.html http://members.aol.com/TeacherNet/Industrial.html#Science/Tech http://history.evansville.net/industry.html www.bridge-rayn.org/indusrev.html http://uniondale.k12.ny.us/cybrary/Resources-industrial_revolution.htm The Industrial Revolution in the United States www.fcps.k12.va.us/IrvingMS/Gilded.htm www.nps.gov/lowe/loweweb/Lowell_History/england.htm British literature http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/britpo.html The complete history of England www.teacheroz.com/Great_Britain.htm The Industrial Revolution Students analyze the effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan and the United States. 1. Analyze why England was the first country to industrialize. 2. Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison). 3. Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration and growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution. 4. Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement. 5. Understand the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy. 6. Analyze the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism, and Communism. 7. Describe the emergence of Romanticism in art and literature (the poetry of Blake and Wordwsworth), social criticism (the novels of Charles Dickens) and the move away from Classicism in Europe. page 3 Introduction Dear Colleagues: “Another book on the Modern World” Ah, but is it possible that this is a book of a new type? Yes: How about a workbook-testbook that is geared just for you and your students’ success on the test? How this book differs from others . The state standards This workbook was written for you and only you - the noble teacher of Social Studies. Somebody was bound to do it. For us, it was an exciting challenge. A Fat Workbook Social Studies teachers have their work cut out for them! Centuries of World History and state standards that cover numerous subjects - each chock full of facts about people, places, and events. To those non-teachers who say this is a long workbook, we say: “Why, yes. Did you not know? This is what it takes for a student to learn the state standards for Social Studies.” Student Performance Step #1: Students do not memorize the facts. They manipulate them. Then perform what they know. Step #2: Performance - in front of the class. (Peer pressure can be wonderful.) Step #3: Performance - on paper. (Maps, graphic organizers, all the tricks in the book.) Step #4: Performance - on the practice test. (Many students learn after the fact - by trial and error.) Your learning curve There is no learning curve. Xerox all these pages? No. You do not need to xerox all of these pages. There are several types: 1. Some are student worksheets and must be copied. 2. Some should be turned into transparencies for use with an overhead. 3. Some are read aloud by the teacher - while students draw on their desk maps. The Tests Are Too Hard If your students can do well on these tests, the state test will be a breeze. Our best to you, Performance Education Table of Contents 1. England page 7 The Causes Why it was the first country to industrialize 2. Changes in science, technology, and energy page 29 The Causes How they brought massive social, economic, and cultural change Inventors & Innovators: James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison 3. Changes in population page 47 The Causes Migration from the countryside to the cities The growth of industrial cities 4. Changes in work and labor page 57 The Results The end of the slave trade and slavery The effects of immigration, mining, manufacturing, division of labor Child Labor The trade union movement: Causes & Effects 5. Factors of production page 73 The building blocks: Capital, labor, natural resources, and entrepreneurship 6. The response to capitalism page 85 The Results What is capitalism? Capitalism as the dominant economic system. Responses to capitalism: Communism, Utopianism, Socialism, Social Democracy 7. Romanticism & Social Criticism page 117 The Results Romanticism and social criticism is how artists and writers responded to capitalism. Romanticism in art and literature: Blake, Wordsworth Social Criticism: Charles Dickens The Review page 129 The Test page 135 There are 556 questions. page 5 1. England Why was England the first country to industrialize? page 6 The Definition What was the Industrial Revolution? As you tell the story, ask students to draw a cartoon. Show them these samples of student-drawn cartoons: http://project1.caryacademy.org/1851/images/cartoons/cartoons.htm www.history.ohio-state.edu/courses/hist563/lectures/indrev/sld001.htm When The 18th and 19th centuries. It officially began in 1750 in England. By the late 1800s, the Industrial Revolution was in full swing in Germany, the United States, Japan, and Russia. Where England was the world’s first industrial country and the world’s first capitalist country. By 1850, the Industrial Revolution began spreading to Western Europe and the United States. What It was an economic and social revolution. Economic changes transformed the way people worked . and the societies in which they lived. There were seismic changes in industry and society. The changes were caused by the introduction and large-scale use of machinery to replace hand labor. New technology allowed for the rise of the factory system. Why Why do they call it a “Revolution”? The Industrial Revolution is more than technology. The Industrial Revolution was a major turning-point in World History. Why? The Industrial Revolution had a bigger impact than the French Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was the most far-reaching transformation of society since the beginning of farming 10,000 years ago. How All that machinery in factories . how was machinery powered? By new fuels Coal. Coal Coal. Coal produced steam. Coal fueled the Industrial Revolution. The Watermill At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, factories were run by watermills. That is, a factory was always located next to a river. The machines were run by waterpower. page 7 Who Inventors & Innovators James Watt (inventor) invented the steam engine. Eli Whitney (innovator) created interchangeable parts which allowed for mass production. Henry Bessemer (innovator) discovered a new way to mass-produce steel. Louis Pasteur (innovator) pasteurized food and drink. Thomas Edison (inventor) invented the light bulb and electric generator.
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