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Wimm /10'('~' Date UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Project Report Sheet for the Submission of Hardcopy and Digital Thesis Copies Surname or Family name: Thomson First name: Elizabeth Other namc/s: Anne Abbreviation for degree as given in the Univcr;ny calendar: MPh i I School· Humanities and Social Sciences Faculty Title. Battling with words: A study of language, diversity and social inclusion in the Australian Department of Defence. Abstract 350 words maximum (PLEASE TYPE) Australia is a diverse nation. The Australian Department of Defence is responsible for the security and defence of thi s nation-a diverse nation of multicultural and multilingual people. Yet, the demographic makeup of Defence does not reflect the demography of the Australian community which it serves. Defence is an Anglo-Australian, male-dominated organisation. Such a demographic profile is no longer desirable or sustainable. Defence realises the need to reflect adequately the composition of society particularly for the population to have confidence in the armed forces . Further, diversity is now considered a capability issue. Therefore a major challenge facing Defence is how to create a workplace culture that shifts the institution away from an exclusive, homogeneous culture to an inclusive heterogeneous one. While reports of recent years have tried to address this issue of homogeneity, none have specifically addressed the role language plays in maintaining and perpetuating cultural nonns. This thesis puts forward a number of reasons for needing language change, arguing that unless the language practices of the institution change in concert with other social inclusion policy changes, it will be difficult for leadership to 'walk the talk' of change. The thesis demonstrates how language and culture are inextricably linked and how language is used to rally and bond personnel in three main ways: around a limited set of officially endorsed Values of the three uni formed Services and of the Australian Pub Iic Service; around a preferred idealised Defence identity presented as iconic in key Defence documents; and around the everyday talk at work which supports and maintains the dominant position of the Anglo-Australian male in Defence culture. A focus on language is the next piece of the mosaic needed to create and maintain a culture of social inclusion in Defence. Declaration relating to disposition of project reporlfthesis l am fully aware o f the po licy of the University relating to the retention and use of higher degree project reports and theses. name ly that the University retains a hardcopy and a digital copy of the thesis submitled for examination and is free to allow Lhem 10 be consulted or borrowed. Subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. the University may issue a project repon or thesis in whole or in pan. in photostate or microfilm or other copying medium. I also authorise the publication by University Microfilms ofa 350 word abstract in Oissenation Abs tracts International (applicable 10 doctorates only). ·1 hereby declare that this subm ission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no material previously published or wri llen by another person. nor material which to a substanti al extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at LNSW or any other educational institution. except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by colleagues. with whom l have worked at UNSW or elsewhere. during my candidature. is fully acknowledged. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work. except to the extent that assistance from others in the project ·s design and conception or in SI) le. presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged.· Wimm /10'('~' Date The University recognises that there ma)' be exceptional circumstances requiri ng restrictions on cop) ing or conditions on use. Requests for res1r1c t1 on for a period of up to 2 years must be made in writing 10 the Registrar. Requests for a longer period of restriction may be considered in exceptional circums tances if accompanied by a lcuer of suppon from the Supervisor or Head of School. Such requests must be submitted with the thesisJprOJect repon. FOR OFF l C~ USE:. 0 LY Date of completion of requirements for Award : Registrar and Deputy Principal rHIS SHEEI IS TO BE LOOSELY INSERTED (NOT GLUED) TO THE INSIDE FRONT CO VER OF TllE HARDCOPY THESIS COPYRIGHT STATEMENT 'I hereby grant the University of New South Wales or its agents the right to archive and to make available my thesis or dissertation in whole or part in the University libraries in all forms of media, now or here after known, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. I retain all proprietary rights, such as patent rights. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis or dissertation. I also authorise University Microfilms to use the 350 word abstract of my thesis in Dissertation Abstract International (this is applicable to doctoral theses only). I have either used no substantial portions of copyright material in my thesis or I have obtained permission to use copyright material; where permission has not been granted I have applied/will apply for a partial restriction of the digital copy of my thesis or dissertation.' Signed Date ..../.!. ...(Y f?. ~~ ... ~rCJ:: ..... .... ...... .. ........ AUTHENTICITY STATEMENT 'I certify that the Library deposit digital copy is a direct equivalent of the final officially approved version of my thesis. No emendation of content has occurred and if there are any minor variations in formatting, they are the result of the conversion to digital format.· Signed Date ... ./! ... rY9.~ ..... ?.-:?.J.'! ........ ..... ....... Battling with words A study of language, diversity and social inclusion in the Australian Department of Defence Elizabeth A. Thomson A thesis in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences University of New South Wales, Canberra March 2014 ii Abstract ‘Battling with Words’ - a battle of communicating new messages of acceptance and empathy in an organisation that desires cultural change. Australia is a diverse nation. The people of Australia speak many different languages, profess different beliefs, follow different social practices, possess different abilities, skills and knowledge and live in different kinds of families. The Australian Department of Defence1 is responsible for the security and defence of this nation–a diverse nation of multicultural and multilingual people. Yet, the demographic makeup of Defence does not reflect the demography of the Australian community which it serves. Compared to the wider community, Defence is an Anglo-Australian, male-dominated organisation. Such a demographic profile is no longer desirable or sustainable. Importantly Defence realises the need to reflect adequately the composition of society particularly if the population is to have confidence in the armed forces (Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2006). Further, a more diverse Defence Force is now considered a capability issue; that is, a force multiplier2 for mission success (Defence Committee 2012). Therefore a major challenge facing Defence is how to create a workplace culture that shifts the institution away from an exclusive, homogeneous culture to an inclusive heterogeneous one (Silk et.al. 2000). While numerous reports of recent years have tried to address this issue of homogeneity, none have specifically addressed the role language plays in maintaining and perpetuating cultural norms. This thesis puts forward a number of reasons for needing language change, arguing that unless the language practices of the institution change in concert with other social inclusion policy changes, it will be difficult for leadership to ‘walk the talk’ of change, as demanded by a number of reports (Silk et.al. 2000; McGregor 2011; Defence Committee 2012; Department of Defence 2013b). The thesis demonstrates how language and culture are inextricably linked and investigates how language is used to rally and bond Defence personnel in three main ways: 1) around a limited set of officially endorsed Values of the three uniformed Services, of the Australian Public Service (APS), and of Defence; 2) around a preferred idealised Defence identity presented as iconic in key Defence documents; and 3) around the everyday talk at work which supports and maintains the dominant position of the Anglo-Australian male in Defence culture. A focus on language is the next piece of the mosaic needed to create and maintain a culture of social 1 The Australian Department of Defence is hereafter referred to as Defence throughout the thesis. 2 ‘A capability that, when added to and employed by a combat force, significantly increases the combat potential of that force and thus enhances the probability of successful mission accomplishment.’ Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005 iii inclusion. If Defence wants to increase diversity, then it needs to turn its attention and considerable strength to battling with words, so that it can create a Department of Defence characterised by the highest possible degree of sustainable diversity and social inclusion, and ultimately the greatest capability. Ethical clearance for this project was provided by the Australian Defence Human Research Ethics Committee on 16 July 2013 iv Originality Statement I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, or substantial proportions of material which have been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis.
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