DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Electronics Engineer Daniel Kauter Working on a Hypersonic Glider for Hifire 4 Trial

DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Electronics engineer Daniel Kauter working on a hypersonic glider for HIFiRE 4 trial. DSTO Annual Review 2013-14

Science and Technology for Safeguarding Australia 4 Abbreviations and acronyms

ADF Australian Defence Force ICT Information and Communication Technology AEW&C Airborne Early Warning and Control IED Improvised Explosive Device AMCU Australian Multicam Camouﬂ age Uniform IP Intellectual Property ASRAAM Advanced Short Range Air to Air Missile ISR Intelligence, Surveillance ATSB Australian Transport Safety Board and Reconnaissance CBRN Chemical, Biological, Radiological JORN Jindalee Operational Radar Network and Nuclear JSF Joint Strike Fighter CDS Chief Defence Scientist MoU Memorandum of Understanding CMD&V Countermeasure Development MSTC Major Science and Technology and Validation Capabilities CSIRO Commonwealth Scientiﬁ c and Industrial NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Research Organisation Navy Royal Australian Navy CTD Capability and Technology Demonstrator NICTA National Information and Communications Technology Australia DCDS Deputy Chief Defence Scientist NRL Naval Research Laboratory Defence The Defence organisation, including the Department of Defence and the OTHR Over-the-horizon radar Australian Defence Force R&D Research and Development Abbreviations and acronyms Abbreviations DIF Defence Innovation Forum RAAF Royal Australian Air Force DIO Defence Intelligence Organisation RAM Radar Absorbing Material DIRF Defence Innovation Realisation Fund RPDE Rapid Prototyping, Development DMO Defence Materiel Organisation and Evaluation DMTC Defence Materials Technology Centre S&T Science and Technology

DPCU Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform SMiS Scientists and Mathematicians in Schools Dstl Defence Science and Technology Laboratory SOCOMD Special Operations Command DSTO Defence Science and Technology SOER Special Operations Engineering Regiment Organisation STEM Science, Technology, Engineering DVG Digital Video Guard and Mathematics GPU General Purpose Uniform TTCP The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) HQJOC Headquarters Joint Operations Command

First published in 2014 by Front cover main image Defence Science and Technology Organisation Research scientists Jemma Coleman and Sheena Department of Defence Davis measuring a mannequin for anthropometric David Warren Building research. 24 Scherger Drive Back cover main image Canberra Airport, ACT 2609 Researchers Mai-Chi Nguyen and Dr Chris Ellis observing Computational Fluid Dynamics ﬂ ow modelling of a submarine. 5 Inside the DSTO Annual Review 2013-14

Overview by CDS 6 Major highlights for clients 8

SECTION 1: OUR ORGANISATION About DSTO 12 DSTO’s roles 13 DSTO Leadership Team 2013-14 14 Vision, purpose, people and values 15 DSTO’s Strategic Plan 16 Strategic Plan implementation 17

SECTION 2: DELIVERING CAPABILITY FOR DEFENCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY Supporting our troops on the ground 20 Sustaining existing Defence capability 22 Ensuring Defence is a smart buyer 30 Future-prooﬁ ng Defence 33 Enhancing national security 38

Support to the civilian sector 40 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

SECTION 3: PARTNERSHIPS AND OUTREACH Enhancing outcomes through collaboration and engagement 44

SECTION 4: INVESTING IN OUR PEOPLE, OUR ASSETS, OUR SUCCESS Valuing our people 56 Investing in organisational enablers 64

SECTION 5: APPENDICES Appendix A: Capability & Technology Demonstrator projects 66 Appendix B: Books published 67 Appendix C: Public Release Science and Technology reports 68 Appendix D: DSTO papers published or delivered externally 73 Appendix E: Patents granted 91

Doing business with DSTO: Contacts 92 6 Overview from the Chief Defence Scientist

constraints, DSTO has continued to deliver exceptional support to Defence and national security.

Our performance during 2013-14 has been strong in each of our core roles – support to operations, sustainment, acquisition, future- prooﬁ ng and national security.

We have been highly responsive in meeting priority operational demands by providing innovative solutions for the protection of Australian troops in combat zones and equipping them with eff ective capabilities. Our program of through-life support for Defence assets continues to deliver signifi cant cost savings and enhanced capabilities. The year 2013-14 has been a time of signifi cant In support of the Defence Capability Plan change for DSTO. We have a new government, we have been engaged in a range of ongoing a new Minister, and a political, economic,

Overview from the Chief Defence Scientist the Chief Defence from Overview studies and research to inform the acquisition social and technological landscape that is of major assets including the Future evolving rapidly. Submarine, the Joint Strike Fighter, the Future This changing external environment coincides Frigate and Land mobility vehicles. with signifi cant internal reform for DSTO. With an eye to the future, we are investigating We are one year into the recalibration of our game-changing evolving technologies such strategic direction and the implementation as hypersonics and autonomous systems for of our fi ve-year strategic plan 2013-18. The Defence capability. This is part of our strategic strategic plan was an important fi rst step in research investment into high-impact areas positioning us to meet current and future and is underpinned by a study of emerging challenges for Defence and national security. threats and opportunities. DSTO has produced One of the key developments was the Forward 2035, a study of new socio-economic re-prioritisation of a client-focused science trends and their implications for future and technology program, the streamlining Defence capability, critical work which will of the DSTO organisation structure and the inform the next Defence White Paper. rationalisation of DSTO’s major science and technology capabilities. During the year DSTO took the lead in advancing the whole-of-government initiative In terms of implementing the strategic plan, to better coordinate science and technology in we have made notable progress which has support of national security. The result was a been captured in this Annual Review. policy framework and a science and technology While it has been a year of unprecedented program for national security, which awaits transformation with budgetary and resource government approval in 2014-15. 7

DSTO alone cannot deliver all the technology case for DSTO to remain a government-owned solutions that Defence needs. Collaboration entity within Defence. and partnerships are vital in accessing a wide range of technologies for Defence and In a fast-changing technology environment national security. During the last two years we with added ﬁ nancial constraints Defence will have reinvigorated our external engagement be relying more and more on DSTO’s impartial drive and entered into ten strategic alliances advice, our ability to interpret the ADF’s with defence companies and government operational needs in technology terms and our research agencies. As well, we introduced a proven expertise in applying science to solve new defence science partnerships model for practical Defence problems. universities, resulting in agreements with 22 Our scientists continue to be recognised for major and regional Australian higher education the high quality of their work, particularly institutions. To deliver high-impact outcomes from international organisations in the USA for Defence, these alliances and agreements and Europe, including NATO and the US are designed to work as genuine partnerships Department of Defense. Such recognition is a rather than client-provider arrangements as in measure of the scientiﬁ c excellence we deliver the past. to Defence.

On the international front we have DSTO’s strong performance is due to the strengthened our relationships with Singapore dedicated eff orts of our people. I thank all by adding new areas for research collaboration. our staff for their contributions to make DSTO In a historic fi rst, we also paved the way for a better organisation – those who deliver collaboration on hydrodynamics research with scientifi c excellence for quality client outcomes Japan in 2015 following the recently signed and those who support their colleagues to

Australia-Japan Agreement on the Transfer make it happen. 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO of Defence Equipment and Technology. Next year will also see the ﬁ nalisation of a defence science Memorandum of Understanding with the Republic of Korea. With our traditional partners in The Technical Cooperation Program we have jointly agreed to implement the concept of enhanced mutual reliance to make better use of our combined capabilities. Dr Alex Zelinsky To support DSTO’s engagement activities, Chief Defence Scientist there was a renewed focus on communication December 2014 backed by our new digital strategy. This has resulted in a redeveloped public website, a new DSTO ‘app’ and the digitisation of the staﬀ magazine Connections.

At the beginning of 2014 the National Commission of Audit presented its report to government. One of its recommendations was to explore the potential for outsourcing DSTO. The First Principles Review, which is looking more widely into Defence, is also examining this recommendation. DSTO has presented a submission to the Review team, outlining the 8 Major highlights for clients

Airborne self-protection DSTO was a key member of the ADF's Australian Airborne Countermeasures team which received the 2013 Prime Minister’s Award for Excellence in Public Sector Management for establishing an enduring and sustainable airborne self-protection capability.

Counter-IED systems Equipping troops

Major highlights for clients highlights Major DSTO developed for combat durable, low cost, DSTO completed lightweight and a study on weather resistant the success of specialised force Diggerworks protection systems to which has vastly protect frontline troops improved the way from improvised Australian soldiers explosive devices. are equipped for combat.

Surface fl eet paint schemes DSTO provided expert advice on the repainting of the Navy’s surface fl eet to ensure the new coatings would meet modern warfi ghting and regional environmental conditions. 9

Next-generation uniform In collaboration with its Defence and industry partners, DSTO developed the Australian Multicam Camouﬂ age Uniform (AMCU) to replace the current Disruptive Pattern Combat Uniform (DPCU). The new uniform represents the next generation of ﬁ eld and combat uniforms for Australian soldiers.

Foresighting study DSTO undertook the Forward 2035 foresighting study to examine emerging trends in the socio-economic landscape and identify the strategic global factors that may impact future developments in science and technology, and shape long-term Defence capability requirements. DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

Iron Bird model of Joint Strike Fighter DSTO developed and commissioned a full-scale model of the F-35A Joint Strike Fighter to investigate the eﬀ ects of electromagnetic interference on the aircraft. Defence Minister Senator David Johnston and Air Vice Marshal Kym Osley unveiled the model at DSTO Edinburgh.

Search for Malaysia Airlines aircraft Organisational restructure DSTO provided invaluable advice and DSTO reshaped its organisational structure analysis to the international team of for better alignment with Defence experts brought together to search for the requirements and improved missing Malaysian aircraft, MH370. client outcomes. 10 Overview from the Chief Defence Scientist the Chief Defence from Overview 11 DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

SECTION 1 Our Organisation 12 About DSTO’s DSTO purpose

Defence science has been conducted in DSTO exists to provide the Australian Australia since 1907 and today DSTO is Government with scientifi c advice and the nation’s second-largest publicly funded innovative technologies to meet Australia’s research agency. Over the past century, DSTO Defence and national security challenges. has consistently stepped up to fi nd new and innovative scientifi c and technological Its core roles are focused on supporting solutions to safeguard Australia and its Australian troops on the ground, sustaining national interests. and enhancing existing Defence capabilities, ensuring Defence is a smart buyer of Defence Headed by the Chief Defence Scientist, equipment and future-proofi ng Defence to Dr Alex Zelinsky, DSTO has an annual budget ensure that the Australian Defence Force (ADF) of approximately $408 million and employs can meet the challenges of the future. around 2300 staff , predominantly scientists, engineers, IT specialists and technicians. DSTO also has a role in providing expert, impartial advice to government on defence DSTO has a permanent presence in nearly every and national security matters, as well state and territory in Australia. Internationally, as coordinating the delivery of whole-of it has liaison offi ces in Washington DC, London government science and technology support and Tokyo, and research scientists located for national security. around the world, working on postings,

SECTION 1 : Our Organisation exchanges, fellowships and joint research As a science and technology organisation projects. A small number of DSTO personnel DSTO conducts strategic research to identify operate in combat zones, providing direct high-impact areas for Defence and monitor support to Australian operations. emerging technologies to assess their potential impact on Defence capability.

Underlying all of its activities is an increased emphasis on external engagement and collaboration. This includes taking a stronger role in knowledge and innovation integration, strengthened through partnerships with industry and academia. 13 DSTO’s roles

CORE

Role Description

Operations Supporting operational capability with science and technology expertise.

Sustainment Providing support to Defence to sustain and enhance current capability.

Acquisition Providing support throughout the genesis, development, acquisition and introduction into service of major capability projects.

Future prooﬁ ng Investigating client-focused future concepts, contexts and capability. EXTENDED CORE

Role Description

Advice to government Shaping defence and national security strategic policy through expert and impartial advice.

National security Leading the coordination and delivery of science and technology to enhance whole-of- government national security.

Strategic research Conducting research into high-impact areas for future Defence capability. SUPPORTING

Role Description

Emerging futures Scanning the environment to gain an understanding of emerging science and technology threats

and opportunities. 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

Partnerships Enhancing its impact by collaborating with research and industry partners, nationally and globally.

Outreach Promoting defence science and education in the broader Australian community.

Outreach

govern e to men vic t Ad stainmen

Su t g

A n N c Operations q ﬁ h a u o c t r i o o i a s r s P e n i p e t s a a i r e e r l o r u t n r n s tu t e u c u e F i f r cu g s r e g h it at n ip y tr i S rg s e Em

DSTO ENABLERS

TECHNICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BUSINESS SERVICES TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT SERVICES 14 DSTO Leadership Team 2013-14

Dr Alex Zelinsky Chief Defence Scientist

Dr Ian Sare Dr Warren Harch Mr Peter Lambert Deputy Chief Deputy Chief Deputy Chief Defence Scientist Defence Scientist Defence Scientist Strategy and Partnerships Research Services Program and Outreach SECTION 1 : Our Organisation

Ms Janis Cocking Dr Simon Oldﬁ eld Dr Ken Anderson Dr Todd Mansell Dr Tony Lindsay Dr Jackie Craig Dr John Riley Chief Maritime Chief Land Chief Aerospace Chief Joint and Chief National Chief Cyber and Chief Weapons Division Division Division Operations Analysis Security and Electronic Warfare and Combat Division Intelligence, Division Systems Division Surveillance and Reconnaissance Division 15 Vision, purpose, people and values

Our vision Our values DSTO aims to be a world leader in The following set of DSTO values defence science and technology – guide our behaviour and decision- indispensable in supporting and making and help us to demonstrate transforming Australia’s defence and the attitudes and actions for national security. organisational success.

Our purpose Excellence in science We strive to lead, and be proud of, all DSTO is a national leader in our scientifi c undertakings. safeguarding Australia by delivering valued scientifi c advice and innovative People technology solutions for Defence and We develop and support each other to national security. achieve organisational deliverables in a safe environment. Our people Professionalism DSTO has diverse, professional and We strive for excellence in everything specialised staff members who work we do. in offi ces, complex laboratories, test facilities, weapons ranges and Loyalty 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO operational theatres. DSTO provides a We are committed to each other, our work experience that is both challenging leaders and the organisation. and career-developing and treats a safe, healthy and secure working environment Integrity as a key priority. We are trustworthy and honourable in all our interactions.

Courage We act with strength of character, both in the courage of our convictions and in our intellectual courage.

Innovation We actively and consistently look for better ways of doing business.

Teamwork We work together with trust, respect and a sense of collective purpose. 16 DSTO’s strategic plan

The DSTO Strategic Plan 2013-18 sets the • Fostering innovation across the Defence high-level direction for DSTO over a fi ve-year enterprise to assist in the rapid transition of period. Under the strategy, DSTO builds on its ideas into capability strength as a valued adviser to government and focuses its eff orts on building future • Invigorating Australia’s research eff orts Defence and national security capability in national security by coordinating and by being a collaborative partner and an delivering science and technology to non- innovation integrator. Defence national security agencies

The plan identiﬁ es ten strategic initiatives to • Developing leadership, accountability, ensure that DSTO remains a leader in Defence and performance management for science and technology by: improved governance

• Ensuring science and technology excellence • Enhancing talent, diversity and career by investing in people and facilities development for current and future staﬀ

• Undertaking strategic engagement with a • Transforming ICT to drive innovation and client focus by prioritising client requirements collaboration by exploiting leading-edge and improving program delivery technologies

• Conducting big picture analysis on the shape • Implementing best practices for business SECTION 1 : Our Organisation of Defence to inﬂ uence whole-of-Defence processes and administration to achieve strategy and capability greater eﬃ ciencies

• Taking on the grand challenges for safeguarding Australia by conducting high- impact, complex, multi-disciplinary programs of national signiﬁ cance

“I’ve worked very closely with DSTO over many years and I consider DSTO, for me, has always delivered, therefore, you’ve always got my support in what we’ve been doing.”

Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin, AC Chief of the Defence Force at the DSTO Strategic Context Seminar, 2014 17 Strategic Plan implementation

One year into the implementation of the plan, organised to achieve science and technology DSTO has made promising progress. excellence in support of Defence.

Changes to structure and client Signifi cant improvements were also made program to DSTO’s ICT systems, governance and processes. This included a wireless internet DSTO has reshaped itself to align with network to conduct unclassifi ed research, and support the delivery of science and expanded videoconferencing systems and technology to Defence. Eleven research enhanced access to electronic scientifi c divisions were reduced to seven divisions resources and subscriptions. Some while corporate functions were brought administrative processes were streamlined for under the leadership of three Deputy Chief greater effi ciency. Defence Scientists responsible for Strategy and Program, Partnerships and Outreach, and DSTO forged strategic alliances with defence Research Services. industry partners and government research agencies. As well, it established the Defence A prioritised client program was put in Science Partnerships program, a framework place to be more responsive to Defence that enables Australian universities to work requirements. This included changes to the in a coordinated way with Defence and roles and responsibilities for engaging with national security agencies on collaborative clients. Under the new client-facing structure, research projects. 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO DSTO implemented a single consistent way of organising its skills and expertise using its As part of its role to drive and coordinate major science and technology capabilities as innovation within the Department, DSTO set the fundamental unit of organisation. Each up the Defence Innovation Realisation Fund major science and technology capability is a for the further development of already-proven unique combination of a science discipline technology concepts. A Defence Innovation and a defence domain, and has now become a Forum was also organised, bringing together formal part of DSTO’s organisation structure. participants from industry, academia, research agencies and Defence to discuss the DSTO is currently in the process of prioritising way forward on improving the transition of its major science and technology capabilities innovative ideas to capability. to refl ect the value of individual capabilities to Defence. A separate benchmarking exercise Under its responsibilities for national security, is assessing the health of these capabilities to DSTO took the lead in developing a draft balance resource allocation and grow those policy framework in consultation with other scientifi c capabilities that will best serve government agencies. Workshops were held to Defence in the future. agree on a governance model and science and technology priorities for national security. These changes were made to ensure that DSTO is more effi cient, client-focused and better

SECTION 2 Delivering capability for Defence and national security 20 Supporting our troops on the ground

DSTO’s number one priority is to support Australian troops undertaking military operations around the world. DSTO’s support and advice in this area help to ensure that missions are conducted safely and successfully.

In addition to providing behind-the-scenes support, DSTO scientists are often deployed on military operations to provide immediate, on-the-ground advice and assistance. In the past year, DSTO deployed nine operations analysts to the Middle East Area of Operations and six “ﬂ y-away” teams of technical experts rapidly assembled and deployed to solve an immediate or urgent problem. SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering

Assistant Minister for Defence Stuart Robert inspects helmets at the Diggerworks laboratory in Melbourne.

Diggerworks Besides serving as a model of cooperation In 2013, DSTO and its Defence partners within Defence, Diggerworks established commissioned a case study that provides strong collaborative relationships with a range valuable insights into the success of of industry and academic partners including Diggerworks, a joint initiative involving DSTO, CSIRO, the Defence Materials Technology Army, the Defence Materiel Organisation and Centre, Australian Defence Apparel, the Capability Development Group. Diggerworks University of Melbourne and Swinburne was formed to enhance the delivery of University of Technology. technology and equipment to frontline By identifying the factors that contributed to soldiers. Since its inception, Diggerworks Diggerworks success, the study (Diggerworks: has revolutionised the way that Defence Driving Innovation and Eﬀ ectiveness in the equips its soldiers for combat. With Defence Sector) has positioned Defence to Diggerworks it has been possible to ﬁ eld apply those lessons elsewhere within the ADF combat system enhancements in a much and achieve similar positive outcomes. more rapid and responsive manner than was possible previously. 21

Barbara Szumulo and Rohit Naik, part Kendy Hau receives commendation from of the team that developed the Redwing Lieutenant-General Ash Power. counter-IED solution.

Protection from explosive devices Exploring cultural compatibility In response to a request from the ADF Counter- To assist the Australian Defence Force IED Task Force, DSTO developed specialised develop a better understanding of the causes protection systems under the REDWING of possible inter-personal, cultural and Program to assist in countering the eﬀ ects of operational friction between Australian and improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Afghan forces, DSTO scientist Kendy Hau undertook a study of cultural compatibility. Currently, two systems have been developed: GREENGUM, a lightweight device for use by The study has helped improve the eﬀ ectiveness

dismounted soldiers and GREYGUM which can of the ADF mentoring and assistance mission 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO be fi tted to light vehicles. in Afghanistan and minimised the risk of further insider attacks. The work has been These force protection systems are unique internationally recognised by Australia’s capabilities, designed to be durable, low cost, coalition partners and its fi ndings incorporated lightweight and weather resistant. The systems into formal NATO guidance documents. are about the size and shape of a small radio, incorporating a rechargeable battery and Ms Hau was awarded a Gold Commendation simple on/off switch operation. from the Chief of Joint Operations Lieutenant General Ash Power for her involvement in Final production prototypes have been this study. completed and the Australian Military Sales Offi ce in the Defence Materiel Organisation is coordinating the commercialisation of the technology, including manufacture of the units. Several of Australia’s international partners who are looking for protection against IEDs have expressed an interest in importing these systems. 22 Sustaining existing Defence capability

A signifi cant proportion of DSTO’s work is directed at sustaining and enhancing current capability. This work is aimed at improving the ADF’s operational eff ectiveness, enhancing the safety of troops, maximising the availability of Defence platforms and minimising the cost of owning Defence assets. Revised paint scheme for Navy surface fl eet DSTO undertook extensive research and provided expert advice on the revised coating scheme for the Navy’s surface fl eet. The new paint scheme (called Haze Grey) is more durable, less toxic, requires fewer repaints and is better suited to regional environmental conditions.

The Royal Australian Navy has traditionally used the Storm Grey colour based on the Light Analysing engine wear debris. Grey colour which was developed for use in the northern hemisphere to reduce detection extraction and analysis of debris for military under largely overcast conditions. aircraft can be diﬃ cult because they are

SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering The conditions are quite diff erent often deployed in remote locations and have (predominantly sunlit) in the waters around no easy access to proper testing facilities. northern Australia where the Royal Australian Inaccurate analyses can result in unsafe Navy operates. These diff erent conditions, aircraft continuing to fl y, or the unnecessary coupled with advances in coating technology, replacement of an engine or gearbox which led to the decision to adopt a more suitable is expensive, time-consuming and potentially paint scheme for the entire surface fl eet. counter to the best interests of both aircraft and aircrew. DSTO’s Probability of Detection tools, which it used to provide detailed advice on the eff ect DSTO is working to develop reliable tools that alternative paint schemes would have on that can be used in deployed environments detection range, have generated signifi cant to extract and accurately analyse wear interest from international defence research debris. DSTO scientist Andrew Becker has organisations, including the Naval Research been awarded a US patent for a device which Laboratory in the United States. enables maintenance crew in remote locations to quantify and capture wear debris and Improved techniques to extract wear easily compare it against a manufacturer’s debris from aircraft systems safe limits. The day-to-day operation of aircraft results in DSTO is also leading an international eff ort the accumulation of wear debris in lubrication to develop global standards for the extraction or hydraulic systems. Analysis of this debris and assessment of fi lter debris, enabling can provide an excellent insight into the laboratories worldwide to perform fi lter debris internal health of the system. However, the analysis in a consistent manner. 23

Geoﬀ Harrison and Andrew Amiet test Missile simulation centre. the performance of radar absorbing material for a submarine periscope mast. Missile support Australian-made radar absorbing DSTO scientists have been evaluating and materials supporting the Advanced Short-Range Air- DSTO has created an Australian capability to-Air Missile for many years, from the initial to develop radar absorbing material for selection process through to its introduction Navy platforms. into service.

The purpose of radar absorbing material is to Most recently, DSTO has developed new protect surface ships from attack by radar- algorithms to enhance the ability of ASRAAM guided missiles, as well as to reduce the radar to acquire and maintain lock-on to target

detectability of submarine masts. aircraft despite their deployment of new- 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO generation infrared countermeasures. DSTO designed a new radar absorbing material for the masts of the Collins class submarines The DSTO algorithms will be incorporated to overcome deﬁ ciencies of overseas-sourced into a new missile software load being material which was unsuited to Australian developed jointly by the UK and Australia. conditions. DSTO developed a hard-wearing This is expected to result in a substantial rubber tile that oﬀ ers maximum absorbing improvement in weapon performance. performance across the highest priority radar frequency bands.

Using Australian industry to manufacture the material, three attack periscope masts and seven search periscope masts have been treated with the DSTO material. The technology will not only beneﬁ t the Collins class submarines, the indigenous knowledge generated will be used as the basis for optimising the performance of future ships and submarines. 24

RAAF members display current range of uniforms, including the General Purpose Multicam uniform ﬁ eld trial. Uniform (two in foreground).

New Army camoufl age pattern New look for Air Force In collaboration with its Defence and industry DSTO provided critical technical support to partners, DSTO played a key role in the the development of a new General Purpose development of Australia’s new Multicam Uniform for the Air Force. Camoufl age Uniform (AMCU). DSTO provided the technical input to develop the colour sets, The Air Force required a uniform that provided pattern layering and near-infrared signature an easily recognisable RAAF presence, capability. Several key issues were taken particularly for general base duties and non- into account, including the need to address warlike operations such as humanitarian aid infl exible procurement deadlines, ensure and assistance to the civilian community. The uniform needed to be consistent with the SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering manufacturing costs were optimised, retain the pattern colour weightings of the Disruptive RAAF’s identity, while still meeting functional Pattern Camoufl age Uniform (DPCU) and service requirements. maintain a national identity. DSTO’s assistance and strong history with In response to Army requirements and critical indigenous textile industries helped to procurement timelines, DSTO and Bruck drastically reduce the costs and time required Textiles Ltd produced the fi rst industrial for the development of the new concept. proof of concept within four weeks. As The GPU was offi cially launched on 1 March part of Diggerworks, DSTO then led a fi nal, 2014 at the Centenary of Military Aviation Air comparative fi eld evaluation of the AMCU Show at RAAF Base Williams, Point Cook. and the DPCU for camoufl age eff ectiveness in northern Australia. This evaluation by military experts and users confi rmed the Early warning and control capability camoufl age capability of the AMCU to meet the DSTO was a key member of the multinational performance requirements essential for both team that signifi cantly improved the E-7A daytime and night time operations. Wedgetail Airborne Early Warning and Control radar and tracking system. DSTO’s extensive The AMCU exemplifi es DSTO’s highly adaptive expertise and knowledge helped shape the signature management capability and its system and transition it successfully into responsiveness in delivering essential science service. In particular, DSTO played a critical and technology to meet Defence outcomes. role in structural fatigue monitoring and develping training systems. It continues to work closely with RAAF’s 42 Wing to improve tactics, techniques and procedures. 25

Optimising Navy’s warfi ghting eff ectiveness DSTO analysts embedded in the Australian Maritime Warfare Centre provide critical support to the Royal Australian Navyin optimising its warfi ghting eff ectiveness. In particular, they have been involved in enhancing Navy’s anti-submarine warfare capability.

In 2013, DSTO analysts participated in Exercise Talisman Sabre. This exercise, involving the Australian and United States navies, was Inside the land vehicle simulator. designed to test anti-submarine warfare concepts, improve tactics and investigate the Reproducing the land vehicle experience eﬀ ectiveness of anti-submarine enablers such in the lab as command and control, communications and planning tools. DSTO has developed a simulation environment that can represent eight vehicles in a military Three DSTO observers were located on two teaming concept. The complex simulator ships to assist in data collection, gain a includes 16 networked motion platforms with context for the tactical actions and conduct additional integrated components including a interviews with tactical commanders. Using battle management system, fatigue monitoring the data collected, DSTO analysts were able system, simulated radio network, vehicle to reconstruct events and develop a complete intercom and a full video capture system.

narrative of the exercise to determine the 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO critical factors which inﬂ uenced the exercise The holistic simulation environment will assist outcomes. The knowledge gained from DSTO’s DSTO in investigating how vehicle crews are work will be invaluable in improving the Navy’s impacted by various workloads and scenarios anti-submarine warfare capability. such as convoy teaming, sleep deprivation and the use of in-vehicle information and communications technologies. Investigating susceptibility to chemical warfare Improved hand grenades During deployment, military personnel may be exposed to a wide variety of chemical DSTO weapons and pyrotechnic experts have compounds including chemical warfare been investigating improvements to Army’s agents, pesticides and drugs. In a pilot study, hand grenades. DSTO demonstrated that a number of ADF The three-year research program has delivered personnel carry genetic variations that may an extensively redesigned F1 grenade, yielding impact their sensitivity to chemical warfare twice the lethal energy of the original; a new agents and their response to pharmaceutical heavy blast grenade; a new anti-structure countermeasures. grenade; and a new multi-component modular The study showed that the medical blast grenade concept. DSTO has also management of ADF members could developed a new in-house capability for mixing be improved by identifying susceptible and pressing advanced explosive materials. individuals using a simple, non-invasive The revised F1 grenade, the heavy blast test procedure. grenade and the anti-structure grenade 26

have been fully tested and their design Beaked whales are small and particularly specifi cations made available for transition to elusive so are rarely seen, and therefore Defence industry. cannot be surveyed using conventional visual methods. The team pioneered a surveying Improving submarine motor reliability method that used the detection of the sounds produced by the whales to build a map of their In collaboration with the Australian Submarine presence over the exercise area. This remains Corporation and the Directorate of Submarine the only successful example of wide-scale Engineering, DSTO has developed an surveying of beaked whales worldwide. innovative repair process for replacing the armature bands of the main propulsion motor of the Collins class submarine, signifi cantly Naval situational awareness increasing the motor’s reliability. demonstrator LIVE is a situational awareness demonstrator, The original armature bands, which restrain developed by DSTO, to assist staff on naval the motor’s winding during operation, were vessels. The LIVE software has commenced its found to be ageing prematurely and could fourth Navy deployment and is being evaluated potentially cause catastrophic failure of by operations room staff . In July 2014, the submarine’s main propulsion systems. LIVE was transitioned into an operational Together with its project partners, DSTO component of the STARDUST carry-on carry-off was able to identify the root cause of electronic warfare system. the breakdown, and develop an in-house procedure for the repair. DSTO is undertaking ongoing collaborative research with three US government research As of 2014, the armature bands of three agencies who are seeking to integrate SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering motors had been replaced and the knowledge additional tactical data streams into LIVE and and expertise acquired through the project enhance its tracking performance. continue to inform the management of all motors in the class. New technique to repair Hornet wings The research was nominated for an Engineers The forward spar of the outer wing of the Australia Engineering Excellence Award, South classic F/A-18 Hornet was found to develop Australian division. fatigue cracks and DSTO has designed a new technique for its repair. The DSTO method Surveying of beaked whales reduces repair time and costs, avoids As part of an environmental impact additional damage during removal of the wing assessment for a series of joint maritime skins, and prevents the damage recurring. exercises between Australia and the United While DSTO performed the initial repairs, States, DSTO led a team of scientists surveying it has since designed and manufactured the distribution of beaked whales in the repair kits, manufactured the initial batch exercise area. of boron-epoxy patches and developed the Most whales that get stranded during naval repair procedure for the Air Force. It has also exercises in the northern hemisphere tend to supported the training of Air Force technicians be beaked whales. Knowledge of the areas that to conduct the repairs and developed these whales inhabit is essential so that those standards for non-destructive inspections. locations can be avoided during operations. 27

Enhanced surveillance capability The Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN) is a key strategic component of the DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO Australian surveillance system, providing wide-area and long-range air and surface surveillance of the northern and western approaches to Australia. This indigenous capability has been developed by DSTO and its partners over three decades.

DSTO enhancements to the system were implemented in May 2014, resulting in a substantial increase in performance and operability. This has included a signifi cant increase in instantaneous surveillance coverage, the introduction of an interference mitigation suite, and improvements to detection sensitivity, target classifi cation, airfi eld surveillance, and the improved tracking of manoeuvring air targets.

Recent DSTO research has been concerned with improving the system’s detection and tracking performance against larger, slow moving targets such as ships on the ocean surface. This is a signifi cantly more diffi cult task than detecting fast moving aircraft. To overcome the key diffi culties associated with ship detection, DSTO has developed a new kind of over-the- horizon-radar called the Mode-Selective Radar. In a world fi rst, experimental trials of the new technology have shown it to be eff ective in detecting and tracking surface ships. 28

Uncovering the beneﬁ ts of virtual exercises Large-scale collective training exercises provide valuable learning opportunities for Air Force personnel but occur infrequently due to high costs.

Networked simulators have the potential to provide similar training experiences more aff ordably and more regularly. However, the use of simulators to deliver eff ective training requires an understanding of the knowledge and skills that must be acquired, the strengths and weaknesses of the particular systems Oval shaped shield atop ANZAC ship. being used and the nature of the human performance benefi ts of diff erent kinds Shields to reduce electromagnetic of training. interference Exercise Black Skies 14, held in mid-2014, In collaboration with the Rapid Prototyping was the latest in a series of research exercises Development and Evaluation Group and conducted by DSTO to help the Air Force the Navy Communications and Information understand how to make the most eff ective Warfare branch, DSTO conceived, designed, and effi cient use of networked simulators for tested, manufactured and transitioned into collective training. service a remediation shield for the ANZAC

SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering class frigates to prevent electromagnetic As part of the exercise, DSTO developed new interference from the satellite communications methods for monitoring the physiological antenna impacting on the performance of the and behavioural state of teams of operators ship’s electronic warfare systems. Due to the automatically, non-invasively and in near interference, the two systems could not be real-time. used concurrently. The use of improved review tools greatly The shield, now installed on four frigates, enhanced the learning experience for successfully blocks interference and allows participants by integrating replays of mission- for the simultaneous operation of wide-band critical events from multiple perspectives, satellite communications and electronic incorporating radio communications, objective warfare systems. metrics and instructor evaluations. DSTO also developed enhanced scenario-generating tools to reduce the workload and number of staﬀ required to plan and manage exercises.

DSTO’s expertise in the area of networked simulation has led to its distributed simulation technologies being trialled with the United States, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. 29

Shape optimisation extends life of Testing the endurance of the Hawk missile launcher Lead-in Fighter The missile launchers fi tted to most of DSTO is undertaking fatigue tests on the Hawk Australia’s classic F/A-18 Hornet aircraft Lead-In Fighter to establish the airframe’s have been found to experience cracking in endurance limits. Midway through 2014, DSTO the guide rail. Using its shape optimisation had completed 30,000 test hours of a planned technology, DSTO has developed a method to 50,000 hour target and has commenced wing repair damaged components and return them removal for the next inspection phase. The to service. Repaired housings have performed information obtained will be used to support well in fl ight tests, with no cracking detected. the ongoing airworthiness of the aircraft. DSTO’s work is expected to produce signifi cant cost savings by reducing the replacement of components and improve aircraft availability. DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

Hawk Lead-in Fighter fatigue test. 30 Ensuring Defence is a smart buyer

DSTO provides the government with critical advice on Defence acquisitions. It participates in all stages of the acquisition process, from initial capability deﬁ nition through to the selection process and introduction into service, helping to identify and mitigate risk.

In providing advice, DSTO considers the whole-of-life costs of the purchase, including sustainment and operating costs. It determines whether the acquisition and its support systems can be delivered and integrated into the Australian Defence Force within the designated time frame, and if the acquisition will provide the capability that was originally speciﬁ ed. Technical risk assessments In 2014, based on a submission from Defence DSTO’s primary method of providing which included DSTO’s assessment, the acquisition advice is through Technical Risk government approved the acquisition of 58 Assessments. The Chief Defence Scientist additional aircraft to meet Australia’s air is required to advise the government on combat capability requirement. This brings the technical risks for every major Defence to 72 the total number of F-35 aircraft to be acquisition decision. acquired by Australia.

In 2013-14, DSTO provided Technical Risk Assessing the Hawkei vehicle Assessments for 30 major capital projects and DSTO has undertaken a Technical Risk Technical Risk Certifi cation for another 17. Assessment for the Thales Hawkei vehicle, SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering Technical Risk Assessments ensure that which is under consideration as the Army’s decision-makers in Defence and government new lightweight Protected Mobility Vehicle. are fully aware of the risks associated with DSTO’s assessment considered the maturity a project. This helps inform Defence’s risk of the Hawkei vehicle against the Army’s management strategies. needs, concluding that more time was required for development in key areas such as Advising on Australia’s new air protection and reliability. Based on this advice, combat capability Defence decided to allow time for additional development to proceed and for key tests to be DSTO is providing critical scientifi c and completed before committing to technical support to the acquisition of the the acquisition. Joint Strike Fighter (JSF). Specifi cally, DSTO has conducted extensive research into the new technologies being developed, assessing their impact on the JSF and how the aircraft will fi t into the capability mix of the ADF.

In a recent assessment, DSTO advised that while the development of the JSF was progressing in line with expectations for a developing capability, the technical challenges relating to computer processor performance, helmet maturity and aircraft reprogramming required additional work to reduce risk. Hawkei prototype on trial in Queensland. 31

Iron Bird model of Joint Strike Fighter Along with its industry partners, DSTO has developed a full-scale model of the JSF to DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO investigate the eﬀ ects of electromagnetic interference such as radar and lightning on the aircraft. DSTO’s research in this area provides the Australian Government with insight into potential technical risks as it proceeds through the acquisition process, and will be used to enhance the aircraft’s capability.

The completed model was formally commissioned on 3 July 2014 by Senator David Johnston.

Advising on the benefi ts of HUMS for Identifying capabilities for the G-wagon fl eet future frigates The G-Wagon vehicle is used by Defence for Working with stakeholders from Navy, tactical training, supporting disaster relief Capability Development Group, the Defence and securing Australia’s coastline. As a new Intelligence Organisation and the Defence fl eet of G-wagon vehicles is rolled out to the Materiel Organisation, DSTO undertook Army and Air Force, DSTO is providing Defence high-level operational analysis to assess what with advice on the benefi ts of using a Health capabilities the Navy’s future frigates will and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) for the require to ensure Australia’s maritime forces maintenance of the fl eet. remain eff ective across the range of missions specifi ed under the Defence Strategic Guidance. 32

Specifying requirements for patrol boats High performance computing DSTO has been involved in determining the During the year DSTO acquired a high requirements for the patrol boats that will performance super computer to carry out replace the current Armidale fl eet. Modelling extensive modelling and simulation studies in and analysis were undertaken to establish support of the Future Submarine Program. required speed profi les, manning levels, and fl eet availability. DSTO has also provided The super computer has reduced the advice and support to develop functional and time taken to run numerically intensive performance specifi cations. computational fl uid dynamics models from months down to days, while allowing signifi cantly more detailed simulations to be completed within practical timeframes.

The data collected from these studies will assist DSTO in developing an accurate and comprehensive set of requirements for the future submarine capability and provide the basis for technical advice to government aimed at reducing risk in critical areas.

An exercise MU90 torpedo fi ring in preparation for the live ‘war shot’. SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering Putting the lightweight torpedo to the test Before the new MU90 lightweight torpedo could be accepted into service, DSTO played a critical role in demonstrating its performance capability. Computational fl uid dynamics study using the super computer. In the world’s fi rst live-fi ring trial of this weapon, DSTO coordinated the design and build of an innovative acoustic target for the test. The DSTO trials team oversaw the deployment of the target and worked in close concert with Navy throughout the live fi ring trial. The torpedo successfully detected, engaged and destroyed the target, providing Navy with the evidence it needed to accept the torpedo into operational service. 33 Future-proofi ng Defence

As a research organisation, it is incumbent on DSTO to monitor emerging technologies or developmental domains to determine whether they present an emerging threat or oﬀ er critical defence and national security capabilities.

DSTO has identiﬁ ed ten key technology areas likely to provide game-changing capabilities for Defence in the future. These areas include:

• Autonomous systems • Bioterrorism preparedness

• Cyber warfare • Future electronic warfare

• Future undersea warfare • Hypersonics

• Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance • Materials and energy

• Signature management • Space systems

By investing in strategic research in these select technology areas, DSTO is helping position Defence and national security agencies to exploit future opportunities and prevent strategic surprises.

The team’s work has helped to increase the survivability of Australian aircraft, enhanced

the protection of Australian personnel and 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO greatly increased the scope of operations in which Australia is able to participate.

In addition, the team has created a workforce and capital assets that will serve Defence for many years to come.

For their eﬀ orts, the team was awarded the Anti-missile decoy ﬂ ares deployed from a Prime Minister’s Award for Excellence in Public Seahawk helicopter. Sector Management in December 2013.

Enhancing aircraft self-protection Hypersonic fl ight As part of the Australian Airborne Hypersonics could be a game-changing Countermeasures team, DSTO scientists have technology for Defence capability. DSTO is worked with representatives from Air Force, involved in two hyperonics programs - HIFiRE, Navy aviation, Army aviation, the Defence a collaborative program with the United Materiel Organisation and the Defence States Air Force Research Laboratory, and Intelligence Organisation, to develop a SCRAMSPACE, a University of Queensland-led systematic program for the development and project. validation of countermeasures that protect military aircraft from missile attacks. All 13 DSTO’s research is focused on developing Defence combat and combat support aircraft air-breathing hypersonic propulsion, and types have now been fi tted with airborne self- designing and manufacturing the fl ight test protection countermeasures. vehicles to collect the data for up to nine fl ight tests. 34

In 2013, a hypersonic test ﬂ ight was conducted Electronic intelligence is information derived from a site above the Arctic Circle in Norway. from signals that do not contain text or speech, While the test vehicle did not achieve and the ability to capture and decipher them hypersonic ﬂ ight, this experimental trial is critical. provided valuable lessons that will contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding DSTO has developed an electronic intelligence this exciting technology. analysis suite, and with the help of its Defence and industry partners, has deployed processing cores across the entire Defence organisation.

DSTO is also providing technical advice for the acquisition of electronic surveillance systems for Defence platforms. A variant of the ﬁ rst operational surveillance system to be deployed in Australia was installed and commissioned at DSTO Edinburgh, and will be used to develop capability to counter emerging maritime threats.

Advanced radiation detection equipment Electronics engineer Donald Cook working on a back-to-back scramjet free-ﬂ yer for In support of Defence’s ongoing eﬀ orts HIFiRE 7. to maintain a technological edge against weapons of mass destruction, DSTO has Enterprise integrated ISR architectures developed a range of gamma imager SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering prototypes, which can detect radiation from Defence’s vision for intelligence, surveillance radiological and nuclear materials. and reconnaissance (ISR) is a future where sensors, systems and operators will be linked together within a common network, forming an ‘ISR Enterprise’ in which ISR information can be more easily discovered and shared.

To that end DSTO has developed an artiﬁ cial environment in which technologies can be integrated and developed. Known as ELIIXAR (Evolutionary Layered ISR Integration eXemplar ARchitecture), it provides a unique capability to explore integrated ISR concepts and determine their impact on Defence capability. The goal is to link the ELIIXAR environment to similar frameworks overseas so that Defence can remain interoperable with coalition forces into the future.

Next-generation electronic intelligence DSTO is continuing to develop next-generation tools, techniques, software and hardware Scientist Michael Roberts working on an to capture and make sense of electronic air ﬂ uorescence detection system. intelligence. 35

The DSTO devices can accurately determine An eye to the future the source location, type and morphology of DSTO completed a foresighting study, Forward the material, while minimising the exposure 2035, to examine emerging socio-economic of personnel to radiation or other hazards trends and their implications for future associated with the source. Defence capability. The fi ndings of this study The most recent prototype has been will provide critical guidance to Defence in ruggedised and is suffi ciently developed to be producing the next Defence White Paper. used in demonstrations and fi eld trials. Synthetic biology – living biosensors DSTO is undertaking collaborative research to develop electrically integrated microbial biosensors, using synthetic biology. The aim is to create a new platform technology that expands the ability to sense explosives and biological warfare agents. This capability will help to protect the ecology, agriculture and health of terrestrial, maritime and agricultural areas at risk from economic and environmental damage. Blended interactive collaboration. The program will break new ground if it can integrate bacteria into an electrical device Blended interactive spaces and then use the bacteria to sense specifi c compounds in the environment. Past work In partnership with CSIRO and National 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO has used visible changes but current eff ort is Information and Communications Technology directly integrating the electric bacteria with Australia (NICTA), DSTO has provided the electronic sensing device. Defence with a signifi cantly enhanced ability to conduct collaborative meetings involving DSTO is collaborating with La Trobe University, dispersed participants. the Macquarie University, University of Technology Sydney and the Garvan Institute of Through the use of engaging high-quality video Medical Research on this project whichis also conferencing and shared interactive surfaces, linked to DSTO’s international partners - the US the Blended Interactive Space provides a Navy and the US Air Force Research Laboratory. seamless co-location experience for users.

Visualising structural stresses DSTO has developed a highly aﬀ ordable, rugged, compact and portable means of imaging stress in dynamically loaded structures. Known as Microbolometer Thermoelastic Evaluation or MiTE, the software is being used extensively for structural integrity activities at DSTO and is available as freeware to registered users on the DSTO website. 36

Mark Beaumont demonstrates the Digital Video Guard. SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering

Digital Video Guard DSTO has developed a unique computer security device that provides protection against cyber attacks.

The Digital Video Guard (DVG) is inserted between a host computer and its display, and allows the contents of a known video signal to be trusted.

If the display is decrypted and rendered successfully, rather than being presented as random pixel data, then the integrity of the data is assured.

The DVG has wide applicability for secure content delivery in areas such as internet banking, and in the management of sensitive information such as taxation data, welfare data and medical data.

In 2014, the DVG won the ‘Research and Development’ category in the South Australian iAwards. 37

From the Forward 2035 report DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO The four major implications for Australian defence and its science and technology, framed from a people-centric perspective, are as follows:

• Mastering Complexity: population growth and geography are leading to greater complexity in urban centres where competition for resources will increase along with growing congestion of supply chains. Civilian and military infrastructure will become highly interconnected and interdependent, whilst military systems are already so complex they are pushing boundaries of manageability.

• Trust in Technology: forecast demographics coupled with technology developments in automation are driving change in the nature of work where we will increasingly have to balance the employment of humans and ‘intelligent’ machines. Learning to trust machines whilst also addressing cultural, legal and ethical issues will be necessary.

• Smart Power: economic development in the Asian region is presenting many business and commercial opportunities for Australia beyond the resource sectors. The growing investment in R&D across Asia presents an opportunity to enhance diplomatic and cultural ties through the shared language of science, with Australia already having a strong R&D base with linkages to US and Europe.

• Innovation Enterprise: emerging social structures and expectations within the region are driving corporations to change their business models to meet new demands. The new ‘sharing economy’ business models, if leveraged by Defence, will ensure that Defence can source material and manage its supply and logistics countering some of the concerns with the protection of complex and congested supply chains. 38 Enhancing national security

DSTO coordinates the whole-of-government science and technology research program in support of Australia’s national security.

Together with other government agencies, DSTO provides strategic analysis of national security priorities and resourcing, fosters international and national security research collaborations and explores opportunities to integrate counter-terrorism technologies to beneﬁ t Defence and civilian agencies.

In 2014, DSTO developed a National Security Science & Technology Policy Statement and a supporting Program to achieve a coordinated, whole-of-government approach to Australia’s national security science and technology priorities. The policy and program are intended to provide the mechanism for industry and academia to engage as partners with DSTO to deliver the science and technology required to meet the capability for operational challenges facing national security agencies.

SmartGate was shown to signiﬁ cantly reduce traveller processing times and increase traveller satisfaction. It has now been rolled out to all Australian and New Zealand international airports and DSTO continues to

SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering provide support to ensure that it remains a world-leading border security capability for both arrivals and departures.

SmartGate in use at an Australian airport. Improving the conduct of national security exercises SmartGate for automated In response to a government audit which facial recognition identiﬁ ed a need to improve how national security exercises are tested and evaluated, DSTO has contributed to the successful DSTO developed a new methodology that implementation of SmartGate, an automated guides the design and conduct of exercises facial recognition border clearance system that across Australia. allows for the processing of an additional 2 million travellers per year transiting in and out DSTO’s work involved designing evaluation of Australian ports. units to be included in national training packages, producing a chapter on evaluation SmartGate was developed by the Australian methodology for the Australian Emergency Customs and Border Protection Service in Management Handbook, and developing 2001 as a prototype. and evaluating the use of the “Red Teaming” DSTO successfully developed a framework methodology for national security. for the evaluation of SmartGate, carried out DSTO used its new methodology to develop both human and technical assessments in a report on security issues for the G20 operational trials, and provided independent summit in 2014. That report informed the expert advice and recommendations for its communications and media strategies for the deployment and improvement. summit, as well as major sporting events. 39

Cyber 2020 Vision: DSTO’s cyber science and technology plan Cyber security is vital to the integrity of Australia’s commercial, government, business and military systems. The Cyber 2020 Vision outlines DSTO’s strategy to strengthen Australia’s cyber security capabilities. The plan outlines how DSTO will address the emerging relationship between cyber and electronic warfare, signals intelligence and communications. It looks at ways to ensure that DSTO’s science and technology is relevant, resilient and 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO responsive, and it highlights how DSTO will engage with the national community to foster a cohesive, integrated national cyber science and technology capability.

The DSTO Future Cyber Security Landscape: A Perspective on the Future is a companion paper to Cyber 2020 Vision. It provides the Australian context to strategic investment in cyber security capabilities and cyber security science and technology.

GPS monitoring station A fi rst responder’s chemical companion A network of monitoring stations around the In collaboration with the United States, DSTO world maintains the accuracy of the Global is supporting the development of a software Positioning System (GPS). DSTO runs the package designed to provide decision-making GPS monitoring station at Edinburgh, South support to fi rst responders when managing Australia on behalf of the United States’ exposures to hazardous materials. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Hosting the facility at DSTO Edinburgh Known as the “Chemical Companion”, the provides DSTO with access to the United tool is available to approved members States’ GPS program which contributes to the of the military, law enforcement, and fi re development of the next-generation satellite departments. It continues to be improved navigation capability for the military. and refi ned.

In 2014, the Edinburgh GPS station underwent a major infrastructure upgrade, aligning it with the modernised United States’ system. 40 Support to the civilian sector

DSTO is frequently called upon by civilian agencies to lend its unique expertise in crisis situations or to provide humanitarian assistance. During the year DSTO was involved in the international search for Malaysia Airlines ﬂ ight MH370 which disappeared without a trace in March 2014. DSTO is also assisting the Australian Federal Police with its investigations into the tragic loss of Malaysia Airlines aircraft MH17 over Ukraine.

In June 2014 DSTO successfully completed a mission to explore and secure the wreck of the scuttled Australian World War I submarine as part of its contribution to the Silent ANZAC project.

Trajectories generated from the likely distribution of the MH370 ﬂ ight path.

Contributing to the search for Malaysia Airlines aircraft DSTO is one of a number of agencies around the world contributing to the search for Malaysia

SECTION 2 : Delivering capability for Defence and national security for Defence capability SECTION 2 : Delivering Airlines aircraft MH370. DSTO’s collective knowledge and experience in sonar technologies, satellite communications, target tracking and data fusion have proved to be invaluable in the search eﬀ ort.

The expertise of DSTO scientists from three divisions was critical in establishing that signals detected from two acoustic searches were not related to the missing aircraft. Moreover, as part of the international working group assembled by the Australian Transport Safety Bureau, DSTO’s ongoing analysis of the satellite communications data has been pivotal in continuing to reﬁ ne the search zone.

The sparse and uncertain nature of the satellite data has presented many challenges for the team, requiring the continued development and refi nement of mathematical models to determine plausible fl ight paths. Such is the complexity of the analysis, even the eff ect of the Earth’s shadow on the satellite had to be taken into account.

DSTO continues to work with the Australian Transport Safety Bureau and the international working group to better understand the variability of the satellite data, research the trajectory prediction problem and more accurately refi ne the search area for the missing aircraft. “We have been very impressed with the work of the DSTO team during what I know were very trying times for your organisation. The speed with which you all fi tted into an ongoing arrangement, the technical ability and responsiveness of the DSTO team and the collaborative spirit of the whole exercise are a fi ne example of cooperation towards a great result.”

Martin Dolan | Chief Commissioner, Australian Transport Safety Bureau. 41

Conning tower hatch. Inserting the camera through the hatch.

DSTO assists Silent ANZAC project In June 2014 a team of DSTO scientists returned from Turkey where they successfully explored the interior of the WWI submarine AE2 that was scuttled during the Gallipoli campaign in 1915 and has been lying at the bottom of the Sea of Marmara for 99 years.

The DSTO team, led by Dr Roger Neill, was assisting in the Silent ANZAC project, a joint initiative of the Australian and Turkish governments, involving the AE2 Commemorative Foundation and Submarine Institute of Australia.

Back in 2007 the DSTO team had visited the site of the wreck for a preliminary survey of the submarine. It involved years of careful preparation which included creating a 3-D model of the submarine’s interior and exterior and a drop camera system that would allow an internal examination of the control room.

The ﬁ ndings from that mission resulted in options for the future preservation of the historic relic. A second expedition was called for to explore the interior of the boat. It was acknowledged that the exploration be conducted in accordance with accepted marine archaeological practices.

For the 2014 expedition the DSTO team designed, developed and evaluated novel lighting and 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO camera systems as well as reﬁ ning operational concepts for the remotely operated vehicle. All systems were checked using a specially constructed submarine replica at Corio Quay in Geelong.

During the June expedition the team inserted a high-deﬁ nition camera and lighting system through a 100 mm opening formed by the partially-ajar main hatch of the submarine wreck. Having conﬁ rmed the inside of the submarine was relatively clear, the hatch was opened allowing a remotely operated vehicle to be inserted. Over the next three days a detailed survey was undertaken of the many internal spaces in the AE2.

According to project leader and chair of the AE2 Commemorative Foundation, Rear Admiral Peter Briggs AO CSC (Ret’d), “The submarine interior is in amazingly good condition, original paint, signalman’s sand shoes (plimsolls) still stowed in the ﬂ ag locker in the conning tower along with the ﬂ ags and what we believe was the battle ensign used by Lieutenant Commander, Henry ‘Dacre’ Stoker, DSO, 99 years ago.”

Dr Neill said the images will teach us a great deal about life on board early WWI submarines and about the AE2’s ﬁ nal moments on 30 April 1915 when she was attacked and had to be scuttled.

Following the expedition the site has been secured and a cathodic protection system installed around the wreck to control corrosion, along with a marker buoy to protect it from shipping traﬃ c, anchors and ﬁ shing nets.

The Turkish Government will ensure ongoing maintenance of the buoy laid over AE2 for protection against further damage, acknowledging the importance of preserving this shared piece of Turkish and Australian maritime military heritage. 42 SECTION 3 : Partnerships and Outreach SECTION 43 DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

SECTION 3 Partnerships and Outreach 44 Enhancing outcomes through collaboration and engagement

DSTO recognises that the best outcomes are achieved through strong and enduring partnerships with industry, academia and government. Through its partnerships, DSTO accesses and leverages world-leading science, technology, knowledge and innovation, enabling it to provide quality advice and innovative solutions for Australia’s defence and national security.

As evidence of its commitment to engagement and collaboration, DSTO has created the Partnerships and Outreach Group, which is responsible for coordinating and developing DSTO’s interactions with industry, academia, overseas agencies and other Australian Government agencies. In addition, DSTO’s Business and Commercialisation Offi ce was reviewed and reorganised as the Technology Partnerships Offi ce, refl ecting a renewed emphasis on collaboration and partnerships.

Over the past two years, DSTO has signiﬁ cantly enhanced its engagement with industry and academia. It executed eight new strategic alliances with defence companies, and established Memoranda of Understanding with three government science agencies. It also introduced the Defence Science Partnerships program to facilitate closer engagement with universities.

Outside of its research activities, DSTO has an important role to play in helping Australia develop a national science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) capability to ensure that the long term human resource needs of Defence can be met. DSTO is working cooperatively across the primary, secondary and tertiary education sectors to promote the study of STEM. It is also playing an active

SECTION 3 : Partnerships and Outreach SECTION role in promoting the beneﬁ ts of defence science and technology to the broader community.

IBM representatives signing DSTO Mark Bateup. strategic alliance.

Partnering with industry A Memorandum of Understanding was also Industry collaboration is core to DSTO’s new negotiated with iconic Australian company, corporate strategy. In 2013-14, strategic Hills, under which DSTO will participate in alliances were established with three Hills’ Innovation Centres, an initiative to companies, making a total of eight industry support and fund new and innovative next- partners, including the Australian Submarine generation technologies. Corporation, BAE Systems, Boeing, IBM, In addition to undertaking collaborative Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, SAAB research with its industry partners, DSTO Australia and Thales. 45 introduced the Industry Placement program develop within DSTO a better understanding which gives Defence scientists and engineers and appreciation of the industry environment. the opportunity to spend time in industry for up to two years before returning to DSTO. Hypersonics researcher Dr Mark Bateup was the ﬁ rst DSTO staﬀ member selected under the The program is designed to build stronger scheme and placed with Australian systems linkages between DSTO and industry, provide engineering company Aerospace Concepts. industry with access to research capability and

Great things have been achieved by DSTO and Thales’ combined eﬀ ort I believe the partnership of industry and Defence is critical to the long-term security of Australia. The ability to build capability advantage through shared knowledge is a vital asset that Australia needs to exploit to ensure its large domestic and regional responsibilities can be met with a relatively small population.

Our knowledge resources need to be employed in the most eﬀ ective way. With this in mind I see the work of DSTO with industry and its current strategy of fostering closer links with industry in shared research and delivery of capability outcomes as an extremely positive sign that we are heading in the right direction.

In the past years great things have been achieved by DSTO and Thales’ combined eff ort. Towed sonar arrays for our large conventional submarines developed here in Australia have brought advantage to Australia’s unique operations. Growing from this we have also seen a next-generation of towed arrays of much smaller diameter developed in joint DSTO and Thales 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO research into fi bre optic technology. This has not only delivered Australia signifi cant capability advantage in maritime operations but also has delivered important commercial spin-off exports in the marine oil and gas markets.

In the ﬁ eld of protected vehicles DSTO and Thales working with DMTC have developed world-leading blast modelling and testing. The high level of correlation between our design methods and test outcomes have delivered improved protection for our troops on operations in Afghanistan, with Bushmaster directly saving lives, and have made it possible to generate new designs like Hawkei to meet the ADF’s future needs.

Combining the knowledge and expertise of DSTO and industry is, I believe, an essential ingredient to Australia’s evolution as an advanced technology-leading nation and is providing the future security all Australians have come to expect.

Chris Jenkins | CEO, Thales Australia 46

Partnering with universities • Curtin University To strengthen its collaboration with • Deakin University universities across Australia, DSTO has • Flinders University established the Defence Science Partnerships • LaTrobe University framework. • Macquarie University This new collaboration framework provides a • Monash University uniform model under which universities can • Queensland University of Technology engage with Defence. It establishes consistent • RMIT University terms and conditions, a common costing • Swinburne University structure and standard intellectual property • University of Adelaide provisions. • University of Canberra The Defence Science Partnerships Program • University of Melbourne was launched at the University of Canberra • University of New South Wales at the Universities Australia’s annual meeting • University of Queensland of the Deputy Vice Chancellors-Research. • University of South Australia The new partnerships model has been • University of Sydney enthusiastically welcomed by Australian • University of Tasmania universities. • University of Technology Sydney At the time of preparing this Annual Review, • University of Western Australia 22 universities had signed up to the program. • Victoria University

They include: DSTO also has existing agreements in place SECTION 3 : Partnerships and Outreach SECTION • Australian National University with a number of Australian universities in • Charles Darwin University niche science and technology areas.

DSTO and university representatives at the launch of the Defence Science Partnerships program. 47

Closer engagement with government enhanced border clearance system and the agencies Australian Transport Safety Board in the search DSTO seeks to enhance its science and for Malaysia Airlines aircraft MH370. technology outcomes by collaborating with As the lead agency for the whole-of- other government agencies, both domestically government national security research and internationally. program, DSTO has worked closely with This interaction not only ensures optimal use Australia’s national security agencies to of Australia’s public research and development develop a National Security Science and resources, but also helps to broaden Australia’s Technology Policy Statement and a supporting science and technology capabilities for both program. defence and civilian purposes. Internationally, Australia’s cooperation with During the past two years DSTO has its allies and regional partners is an important established strategic alliances with three element of the country’s defence science publicly funded research agencies - CSIRO, and technology capability. By undertaking the Bureau of Meteorology and the Australian collaborative research with allied countries, Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. Australia, through DSTO, is able to access It also provided support to Customs and overseas capabilities that would not otherwise Border Security for the implementation of an be available to the Australian Defence Force. DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

Members of the Weapons Group from the international Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) received an Aussie welcome when they visited DSTO for talks on collaborative research. 48

A high-level delegation from the US Department of Homeland Security visited DSTO and Assistant Minister for Defence Stuart Robert, to discuss collaboration on science and technology in support of national security.

In 2013-14, DSTO’s main focus internationally for up to 6 months on a priority research was on Asia where it established a permanent project. Tokyo offi ce to promote greater collaboration between DSTO and its counterpart, the The fi rst DSTO Fulbright Distinguished Technical Research & Development Institute. Chair, Professor Murray Loew from George DSTO welcomed the 2014 signing of the Washington University, was selected during the year. He spent fi ve months with a DSTO

SECTION 3 : Partnerships and Outreach SECTION bilateral agreement between Australia and Japan, a historic ﬁ rst, which allows for the team collaborating on image and data fusion, transfer of Defence equipment and technology. and the tracking of moving objects, based This has laid the groundwork for DSTO to start on his expertise in image processing and a collaborative research program with Japan on analysis for medical and military applications. hydrodynamics. Cooperation with the Republic Professor Loew will complete a research paper of Korea continued in the area of chemical on his collaboration. and biological defence. The year also saw increased interaction with Singapore through new collaborative projects.

Under The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP), DSTO and its traditional ﬁ ve- eyes partners sharpened their focus on implementing a program of enhanced mutual reliance to share national capabilities, skills and facilities for the beneﬁ t of all.

Fulbright Distinguished Chair DSTO has partnered with the Australian- American Fulbright Commission to establish a Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Advanced Science and Technology which enables a senior US researcher to work with DSTO in Australia Professor Murray Loew. 49

Professor Gibson of UK Ministry of Defence congratulates DSTO team on joint UK missile test trial at DSTO.

Joint simulation trial with the UK DSTO participated in a month-long trial to assess the practicalities of sharing research facilities between DSTO and the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) in the UK.

The trial involved integrating and testing a UK missile asset in DSTO’s Missile Simulation Centre and Radar Target Generator System in South Australia.

The trial is regarded as a landmark, successfully cross-validating the UK’s weapon evaluation methodology with the techniques used by DSTO. DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO The DSTO and Dstl teams were presented with a commendation by the Chief Scientifi c Adviser to the UK Ministry of Defence, Professor Vernon Gibson for their exceptional contribution to defence science and technology. The successful trial has shown the benefi ts of collaboration and mutual reliance for signifi cant defence science and technology capabilities.

Collaborating to enhance innovation In July 2014, DSTO and the Defence Capability Development Group hosted the inaugral Defence Innovation Forum. The intent of the forum was to discuss how Defence and its industry and academic research partners can work together more eﬀ ectively to enhance the delivery of innovative capabilities for the Australian Defence Force.

The forum brought together over 250 representatives from Defence, academia, government research organisations and industry, and marked an important ﬁ rst step Dr Warren Harch addresses Defence Innovation Forum. in an ongoing dialogue to improve innovation in Defence. 50

Funding Defence innovation between existing innovation programs, acting The Defence Innovation Realisation Fund as a clearing house for the various Defence (DIRF) was established in 2013-14 to support programs such as the Rapid Prototyping the development of innovative technologies Development and Evaluation Program, the from initial research or technology Capability and Technology Demonstrator demonstration to a mature capability ready for Program, the Defence Materials Technology Defence acquisition. Centre, Diggerworks and the Priority Industry Capability Innovation Program. The fund is fi nanced under the Defence Capability Plan and is administered by DSTO Innovative outputs from any of these programs on behalf of the Capability Development Group can be considered for DIRF funding. During in Defence. It is designed to help fi ll gaps the year fi ve proposals were approved with a combined funding support of $15 million.

Pegasus aircraft buoyancy system trial. SECTION 3 : Partnerships and Outreach SECTION

Projects funded by the Defence Innovation Realisation Fund Broadband Spherion Advanced Processing System (Thales Australia Ltd.) Developed under the Capability and Technology Demonstrator Program, this system is an upgrade of the existing hull-mounted sonar on the ANZAC Class Frigates.

Fibre Optic Towed Array (Thales Australia Ltd.) Based on ﬁ bre laser sensor technology, the Fibre Optic Towed Array is less than 20 mm in diameter, more ﬂ exible, lighter and subject to less drag. As an underwater surveillance array using micro-sized lasers, it can detect sounds with extreme sensitivity.

Standoff Handheld Person-Borne Improvised Explosive Device Detection System (Rapid Prototyping, Development and Evaluation Program) This system combines optical and electronic detection technologies to provide a standoff IED detection capability not currently available. It signifi cantly improves the individual safety of soldiers involved in IED detection operations.

Advanced Nano-structured Fabrics for Low-burden Personal Protection (Defence Materials Technology Centre) This proposal involves further developing a technology that could provide lower-weight personal protection against chemical and biological threats, including aerosols.

Pegasus Aircraft Buoyancy System (One Atmosphere) This is a post-crash recovery system that re-ﬂ oats a helicopter ditched at sea and allows the crew to escape safely. 51

Promoting science, technology, Enhancing diversity engineering and mathematics A key element of DSTO’s strategic plan is Australia, like many countries around the to improve the organisation’s gender and world, suff ers from a shortage of workers with indigenous diversity. skills in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM). As a means of addressing this To address DSTO’s disproportionately low critical skills gap, and to enhance the future number of women scientists and engineers, pool of graduates that will feed into Australia’s DSTO has established undergraduate workforce, DSTO encourages its staff members scholarships for female students enrolled to participate in activities that promote STEM. in relevant degrees. Currently, thirteen scholarships, valued at $10,000 per year, have In 2013-14, a number of DSTO employees been established at the Australian National participated in the government’s “Scientists University, the University of New South and Mathematicians in Schools” program Wales and the University of Adelaide. Further under which working scientists volunteer their scholarships are planned for other universities time to primary and secondary schools across around the country. Australia to inspire and engage students, encouraging them to study STEM subjects. DSTO also appointed its fi rst Manager of Indigenous Engagement. A key focus of this In the tertiary sector, under the newly role is to ensure a healthy representation of established Defence Science Partnerships indigenous staff within the DSTO workforce. framework, DSTO is working with universities DSTO will be looking at a program of to introduce a range of scholarships and scholarships and cadetships as part of its cadetships to encourage students to pursue indigenous employment strategy.

STEM qualiﬁ cations. 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

ANU recipients of the DSTO women’s DSTO Indigenous Engagement Manager undergraduate scholarship – Joyce Mau, Rebecca Halliday. Molly Thomas and Katrina Kelleher.

Aerospace researcher Jennifer Palmer talks to visiting students. 52

Reaching out to the wider community driven by an extensive speaking program by DSTO has a corporate responsibility to engage the Chief Defence Scientist. Under the auspices with the Australian community to promote the of the Warren Centre for Advanced Engineering benefi ts of defence science and technology he delivered an Australia-wide Lecture Series and demonstrate the value of its research to on Innovation, a highlight of his packed the taxpayer. With the increased emphasis speaking commitment for the year. DSTO on partnerships and outreach activities, a continued to participate in high-profi le events communication strategy has been developed, such as Pacifi c 2013 maritime exposition and designed to raise the organisation’s profi le and initiated other events, such as the Defence enhance its reputation. Innovation Forum, to bolster its engagement with industry, academia and Defence. Part of this strategy has been the increasing use of digital channels. The public website was Internally, the communication eff ort was redeveloped with multi-media content and a directed at creating online tools and new web DSTO ‘app’ in both Apple and Android versions platforms to assist with staff consultation was introduced to highlight the organisation’s and feedback, contributing to the successful achievements to a wider audience. management of organisational change including the DSTO restructure, the Aspects of DSTO’s scientifi c work as well Insight Survey of staff attitudes and as trials of technology demonstrators and Strategic Plan initiatives. initiatives such as the female undergraduate scholarships have featured widely in the Leadership communication was enhanced with print and electronic media. The ABC science the introduction of the Chief Defence Scientist’s CDS E-News program Catalyst broadcast episodes on electronic newsletter and the regular Conversation with CDS in a Q&A format,

SECTION 3 : Partnerships and Outreach SECTION environmental testing of camouﬂ age, hydrodynamics research and aerospace which is streamed live to all DSTO sites. simulation. External engagement was also The monthly internal staﬀ magazine Connections was converted to a digital product, saving printing costs and enabling multi-media content to be added.

The expanded use of online tools has been critical in engaging and communicating with stakeholders, clients and staff more quickly, effi ciently and cost-eff ectively.

ABC Catalyst science program on air simulations.

ABC Catalyst science program on environmental testing of military uniforms. TV interview regarding Pegasus trial. 53

Science and Technology publications DSTO records its research and reports its ﬁ ndings to its clients and external stakeholders in the DSTO report series. Where appropriate, DSTO authors publish their work in peer- reviewed journals or conference proceedings. This sharing of work and results contributes to the body of knowledge in a range of science and technology areas. In 2013-14 DSTO authors published or delivered 221 papers externally (Appendix D) and 79 public release DSTO App reports (Appendix C). DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

DSTO Website

Conversation with the Chief Defence DSTO HQ was renamed Dr Warren Scientist is a regular part of leadership Building in honour of the black box communication. inventor and former staﬀ member. 54 SECTION 4 : Investing in our people, our assets, our success in our people, assets, SECTION 4 : Investing 55 DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO SECTION 4 Investing in our people, our assets, our success 56 Valuing our people

As a knowledge organisation DSTO recognises that its most valuable asset is its workforce, and that the professional satisfaction and wellbeing of its people are critical to the organisation continuing to deliver outstanding scientiﬁ c support to Defence.

DSTO’s talent management strategy is designed to nurture potential recruits and attract and retain highly skilled staﬀ who can continue to deliver DSTO’s mission.

In 2013-14, DSTO reinforced its commitment to its people by expanding its already extensive leadership development programs, establishing a mentoring program for all levels of the organisation, and implementing programs to help staﬀ manage and cope with change. A number of initiatives in the Strategic Plan are being employed to drive cultural reform in the organisation in line with Defence’s Pathway to Change agenda.

High achievers

Prime Minister’s Award for Excellence in Public Sector Management The ADF’s Australian Airborne SECTION 4 : Investing in our people, our assets, our success in our people, assets, SECTION 4 : Investing Countermeasures Team, in which DSTO was a lead player, won the Gold Award for Most Outstanding Program or Initiative in the 2013 Prime Minister’s Awards for Excellence in Public Sector Management. The award was for work on aircraft self- protection measures to protect against missile threats.

The team, which included DSTO, Air Force, Navy aviation, Army aviation, Defence Materiel Organisation and the Defence Intelligence Organisation, also won the Innovation section of the Awards.

Mark Pitt with the Prime Minister’s award trophies. 57

Minister’s Achievement Award Secretary of Defence Fellowship The 2013 Minister’s Achievement Award The 2013 Secretary of Defence Fellowship was given to Dr Andrew Amiet for his was awarded to Dr Greg Calbert for his work on improving stealth technology for work on Australia’s fuel security needs. Australian submarines. DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

South Australian ICT Award Jaap Schijve Award Mr Brad Hopkins, Mr Mark Beaumont Dr Chris Wallbrink received the and Mr John Shield (pictured), along international Jaap Schijve Award for young with Mr Chris North, Mr Josh Green and aeronautical engineers in recognition Ms Devita Pathi won the Best Research of his contribution to the development and Development category of the South of new and improved techniques for Australian iAwards for their computer predicting fatigue and fatigue crack security device, the Digital Video Guard. growth in aircraft structures. He was the ﬁ rst Australian ever to receive the award. 58

NATO Scientiﬁ c Achievement Award Gold Commendation from Chief of Joint Operations The NATO Scientiﬁ c Achievement Award for 2013 was presented to Ms Kendy Hau was awarded a Gold Dr Neville Curtis for his contribution to Commendation from the Chief of Joint the code of best practice for judgment- Operations Lieutenant General Ash Power based operational analysis for her involvement in a study of the SECTION 4 : Investing in our people, our assets, our success in our people, assets, SECTION 4 : Investing cultural compatibility of Australian and Afghan forces.

Sorby Award Jim Arnold Squaredance Award Dr Stan Lynch received the Sorby Award The DSTO Leadfoot II Team won the from the International Metallographic prestigious Jim Arnold Squaredance Society to recognise lifetime achievement Award for multinational collaboration, and in the ﬁ eld of metallurgy. advancing joint operational capabilities. 59

INCOSE 2013 Working Group Award 2013 South Australian Science The INCOSE 2013 Working Group Award Excellence Awards was awarded to Mr Kevin Robinson for his In the 2013 South Australian Science leadership of the Model-Based Conceptual Excellence Awards, Mr Mark McKenzie Design Working Group. received the Early Career STEM Professional – Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Engineering award for his contribution to a capability that allows helicopter crews to be alerted to incoming small arms ﬁ re, and enables them to accurately determine the direction of the shooter. DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

AC Kennett Award Dr Anthony Trueman received the AC Kennett Award for best paper in corrosion science.

Adelaide University Innovation Champion Award for 2013 The Adelaide University Innovation Body of Knowledge Award Champion Award for 2013 was awarded to DSTO and the Defence Systems Dr Peter Ryan was awarded the Body Innovation Centre for their joint work of Knowledge Award from Simulation on establishing a Systems Execution Australia for his paper ‘Exploration of Modelling lab for the evaluation of the Role of Unmanned Aerial Systems in submarine combat systems. Distributed Simulation.’ 60

SimTecT 2013 Dr Susannah Whitney and Dr Justin Fidock were awarded the Best Paper prize for their study on ‘Simulation-based Organisational Learning in the Australian Army’ at the SimTecT 2013 conference.

National Defence Innovation Award The Pegasus buoyancy system developed under the Defence Capability & Technology SECTION 4 : Investing in our people, our assets, our success in our people, assets, SECTION 4 : Investing Demonstrator program to recover helicopters ditched at sea won the 2013 National Defence Innovation Award.

Pearcey Medal Chief Defence Scientist Dr Alex Zelinsky was awarded the 2013 Pearcey Medal, Australia’s most prestigious Information Australian Research Council College and Communications Technology (ICT) of Experts industry award, for lifetime achievement Dr Anne-Marie Grisogono was selected by in the ICT industry. the Australian Research Council (ARC) to join their College of Experts. 61

DSTO Achievement Awards 2013

Award To For

Science and Engineering Mr Scott Moss Developing a device that harvests Excellence vibration energy from mechanical structures. Science and Engineering Dr Don Gossink Leadership in the development of the Excellence Vital Planning and Analysis Tool (VIPA) which assists ADF commanders in logistics planning. Technical Excellence Dr Lindsay Wake Developing safer, carcinogen-free paint Mr Stefan Danek schemes for the RAAF PC-9 aircraft. Mr Robert Hook Mr Orazio Campanale Mr Lance Kelly Mr Thomas Clayton Dr Christopher Lyons Outstanding Contribution to Mr Brad Tobin Timely, ongoing and innovative support Defence Outcomes Mr Robert Gulley of the Wedgetail aircraft data links functionality.

Outstanding Early Career Ms Cathy Smith Undertaking a large number of 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO Achievement investigations, eff ectively as principal investigator. Outstanding Early Career Mr Mark McKenzie Contributing to the development of Achievement a hostile fi re indication capability in support of rotary wing aircraft. Outstanding Early Career Ms Vanessa Pickerd Enhancing DSTO’s capability to Achievement undertake vulnerability assessments of naval platforms. Outstanding Corporate Ms Maree Agiazis Excellent support to Maritime Contribution Division’s external engagement. Outstanding Corporate Dr Felicia Pradera Outstanding support to several DSTO Contribution divisions, including support for the establishment of the international medical countermeasures consortium. Outstanding Contribution to Dr Nigel St John A highly successful partnership with Collaborative Partnerships Mr Gary Mathys DMO and ASC to develop safe and Mr Gary Simpson eff ective repair techniques for the Collins submarine main motors. Outstanding Communication Mr Chris Forbes-Ewan Excellent promotion of the science of of Science and Technology food and nutrition. 62 SECTION 4 : Investing in our people, our assets, our success in our people, assets, SECTION 4 : Investing

US Offi ce of the Secretary of Defense Medal for Exceptional Public Service The US Offi ce of the Secretary of Defense Medal for Exceptional Public Service was awarded to Ms Joanna Kappas for her contribution to the F-35 program during a three year attachment to the Joint Strike Fighter Program Offi ce in Washington DC. Profi le: Joanna Kappas

Joanna’s hard work and dedication was recognised with the highest award of the United States Oﬃ ce of the Secretary of Defense to a non-US civilian oﬃ cer: the Medal for Exceptional Public Service.

The citation for her award says Joanna is ‘a passionate advocate for state-of-the-art prognostics and life usage management’.

Joanna was one of several staﬀ members from DSTO to have been rotated into this team based in Arlington, Virginia. The team of six in the US oﬃ ce are committed to aircraft airworthiness, monitoring each Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) aircraft constantly for its health and mission readiness.

The chance to work on a major project while the aircraft’s health and usage management system was being developed and ﬁ rst implemented in the ﬁ eld was a great motivator. 63

‘Being right there while the JSF design was still happening and we could still make changes and try to point the aircraft designers in the right direction — I knew I could make a real diﬀ erence,’ Joanna said. ‘That was exciting.’

Prognostic and health management systems use a number of sensors and data processing capabilities to monitor vital elements of an aircraft to detect and isolate faults, assess the actual condition of individual elements and enable informed decision-making about maintenance.

DSTO has pioneered the development of several aspects of these systems, particularly the development of advanced vibration diagnostics algorithms and wear debris analysis. Accurate, reliable and up-to-date information about the state of components has saved millions in maintenance budgets and down-time for scheduled servicing.

The JSF is being designed with a range of on-board sensors which will combine with a state- of-the-art oﬀ -board system to constantly feed aircraft prognostics and health management information.

Joanna says this will change the healthcare future for the aircraft into one we can more readily identify with.

‘We go to the doctor when something is not right rather than just because it’s scheduled,’ she said.

The JSF’s health management system will also enable the ordering of spare parts and services to be automated as well as facilitate data collection to give early warning of 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO potential faults that might be common across the ﬂ eet. All this adds up to a safer and more eﬃ cient system that minimises costs.

Joanna will now be looking after the health of new ADF platforms including the C27J airlifter and the Seahawk Romeo helicopter. 64 Investing in organisational enablers

DSTO understands the importance of investing in its own skills and knowledge, tools and resources to enable it to continue to deliver world-class support to Defence.

In 2013-14, DSTO made signiﬁ cant investments in infrastructure and organisational resources in order to enhance its research capabilities and increase organisational eﬃ ciencies. These included investments in:

• A full-scale model of the Joint Strike Fighter to investigate the eﬀ ects of electromagnetic interference on the aircraft

• A high performance supercomputing capability to support the Future Submarine Program

• Wireless internet access for unclassiﬁ ed research activities

• Additional videoconferencing systems to enhance collaboration

• The implementation of Win7 across its research networks

• A comprehensive review of its Scientiﬁ c Engineering Services function to ensure more eﬃ cient and streamlined delivery of its in-house engineering design and manufacturing services.

• OpenAthens and SearchLight for easy access to electronic content and uniﬁ ed searches of the

SECTION 4 : Investing in our people, our assets, our success in our people, assets, SECTION 4 : Investing DSTO library’s subscribed resources from multiple and remote devices.

Daniel Norrison operating the supercomputer. 65 DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

SECTION 5 Appendices SECTION 5 : Appendices *Only unclassifi projectsed arelisted. • Tri BandOn-the-Move(EMSolutions) • Portable Reversible Hydrogen FuelCell (RMIT) • MiniatureModularRadioFrequency RF(BAESystems Australia) Communications Exchange• Intelligent Submarine Environment(Lockheed Martin) • Global Positioning System Radio Frequency GPSRF Cooled Saphire Oscillator(CEA• Cryo Technologies) • Active ExhaustSilenc Projects contractedforRound18 • PassiveRadar(BAESystems/Daronmont) • SAVIOUR -Active ElectronicScannedArrayfor HighBandwidthDataLink Communications • Active ElectronicScannedArrayfor HighBandwidthDataLink Communications (CEA Technologies) • CEAMIST -MissileSimulationTarget (CEA Technologies) • HighPowered Rifl (SMS) Architecture SOA Services Oriented Service • DevelopingCloudletstoSupport • PhotonicEnhancedRadioFrequency RFFront ofSydney) End(University • WidebandAdaptiveInter Projects contractedforRound17 DSTO manages theprogramandprovidescontractmanagement for mostoftheprojects. capabilitiesandthrough-life support. itself toprovidein-service provide capabilityadvantages for Defence and The program’s emphasisisontechnologydevelopedin demonstrate thepotentialcapabilityofnewtechnology. orotherresearchorganisations,to conducted undercontractbetweenDefence andindustry technology innovationprogram.Itisnotagrantsprogram;ratheritcollaborativeactivity The CapabilityandTechnology DemonstratorprogramistheDefence Department’s fl Pty Ltd) (Rheinmetall Simulation) Technology Demonstratorprojects Appendix A: e &IncreasedFragmentation Protection(ArmouredComposite Engineering) er (University ofAdelaide) er (University face Canceller(UltraElectronics) (2013-14)* (2014-15)* Capability and allow Australian or New Zealand industry toposition allow AustralianorNewZealand industry Interference LocatorInterference (GPSat Systems Australia Australia orNewZealand thatisgoing to agship

67 Appendix B: Books published

Nulka: A Compelling Story Dr David Gambling, Mr Mal Crozier and Mr Don Northam (2013).

Fundamental Issues in Defense Training and Simulation (Human Factors in Defence) Dr Christopher Best (Lead Editor), Dr George Galanis (Editor), Mr James Kerry (Editor), Dr Robert Sottilare (Editor).

High Frequency Over-the-Horizon Radar: Fundamental Principles, Signal Processing, 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO and Practical Applications Dr. Giuseppe Fabrizio (Author).

Modelling and Simulation: Framework of Related Standards Handbook Prepared by Committee IT-031, Computer Modelling and Simulation, Standards Australia. SECTION 5 : Appendices ﬂ radiationusingsolarblindair Detection ofionizing A.D. Resnyansky, S.A Damage ofconcrete targets byenhancedshapedcharges personnel ofthesizeADFaircrewandUSArmy Comparison abrue' ud eso Rowan J.Gollan,BrendanT. DSTO-TR-2865 Doppler spectra anglesea-clutter ofhighgrazing Characterisation C.Choi,M.Callaghanand Van Nguyen Casbar user's guide -version2 offourBlast performance armourmaterials eﬀ DSTO-GD-0745 nicheareas:the management ofsubmarine Biosecurity ofspearphishingattacks Attribution distribution Analysis ofhighgrazingangle sea-clutterwiththeKK- No Report in theDSTO watertunnel PaulCrees staticanddynamicaerodynamicderivatives measuring investigation into thefeasibilityAn experimental of vehicles autonomous underwater An evaluationofpotentialoperatingsystemsfor Author/s Exercise BlackSkies 10&Exercise BlackSkies12 toolsin review An evaluationofnewafter-action ADF StealthViewer usermanual March 2013 2011to April theperiod on aeronauticalfatigueduring A reviewofAustralianandNewZealand investigations H.T. Tran, B.Nguyen, R. analysisradar performance angleseaclutterforA modeloflowgrazing coherent A detailedstudyofsonartomographicimaging aircraft components method for predictingthefatiguebehaviourofcorroded A demonstrationusinglow-ktfatiguespecimensofa Title uorescence ect ofwaterpressureonbiofouling survival science andtechnology reports Appendix C:PublicRelease .D oet DSTO-TR-2842 M. D. Roberts Weckert andT.G. Delaney Smith Adrian Peter Blanchonetteand Richard Piola Clare Grandisonand Luke Rosenberg Harrland JohnstonandAlan Ian A. O'Flaherty, Jacobs, Peter A. B. Dixon DSTO-TR-2600 andNickStacy Crisp DSTO-TN-1194 Luke Rosenberg, David Lincoln P. Erm C. Madden Best Christopher Julian Vince and DSTO-TN-1166 DSTO-TR-2864 Editor: PhilJackson John Whitrow Melino andS. Wood andQuianchuLiu Harrison Loader, Timothy, Timothy J Chris Bruce RCrawford, DSTO-TR-2917 DSTO-TR-2890 DSTO-TR-2930 DSTO-RR- DSTO-GD-0746 DSTO-TR-2888 DSTO-TR-2915 DSTO-TN-1216 DSTO-RR-0394 DSTO-RR-0390 0397 69

Title Author/s Report No

Development of a high performing cast composite rocket Paul C. Smith DSTO-TR-2854 propellant for booster applications

Development of a rotary wing unmanned aerial vehicle Matthew Reid and Sylvain DSTO-GD-0791 simulation model Manso

Development of virtual blade model for modelling Stefano Wahono DSTO-TR-2931 helicopter rotor downwash in OpenFOAM

Diﬀ erential game theory application to intelligent Farhan Faruqi DSTO-TR-2838 missile guidance

Eﬀ ect of anodising on the fatigue properties of Bruce R. Crawford DSTO-TN-1180 aluminium alloys

Evaluating the eﬀ ectiveness of game-based training: A S.J. Whitney, P. Temby and DSTO-TR-2799 controlled study with dismounted infantry teams A. Stephens

Mostly-automatic construction of a Palantir Knowledge Matthew C. Lowry DSTO-GD-0748 Base with NetOwl Extractor

Experience with a system for manual clustering of air Matthew C. Lowry DSTO-GD-0749 surveillance track data

Explosive line wave generators S. A. Weckert, J. Freundt DSTO-TN-1244 and S. Stojko

Extending the wireshark network protocol analyser to William Robertson and DSTO-TN-1257 decode link 16 tactical data link messages Peter Ross DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO F-111 adhesive bonded repairs assessment program - Eudora S. Y. Yeo and DSTO-TR-2849 Progress report 1: Analysis of FM300 repairs Andrew N. Rider

Fatigue testing of the AA7050-T7451 with various Marcus McDonald, Robert DSTO-TR-2851 corrosion prevention surface treatments Boykett and Michael Jones

Fleet sizing analysis methodologies for the Royal David Marlow and Ana DSTO-TR-2886 Australian Navy's combat helicopter replacement project Novak

Fluidised bed microencapsulation of ascorbic acid: Lan Bui DSTO-TR-2789 Eﬀ ectiveness of protection under simulated tropical storage conditions

Future technology themes: 2030 to 2060 Nik Luketic DSTO-TR-2877

Globally optimal path planning with anisotropic running Jason R. Looker DSTO-TR-2815 costs

Guidance on DSTO analysis support to Australian Alison Hickman DSTO-TN-1233 Defence Force campaign assessment

Guide on the eﬀ ective block approach for the fatigue life Marcus McDonald DSTO-TR-2850 assessment of metallic structures

High grazing angle sea-clutter literature review Luke Rosenberg and Simon DSTO-GD-0736 Watts

How secure is the next-generation internet? An Adrian Herrera DSTO-GD-0767 examination of IPv6 SECTION 5 : Appendices Title Author/s Report No Report arm tunnel storesupport DSTO-RR-0396 Metrology measurementsoftheDSTO transonicwind Author/s techniques forensics: ReviewofacquisitionandanalysisMemory JustinPeter Dinale Alternatives paper Medical countermeasureproductdevelopment- Magnetic testfacility-Sensorandcoilcalibrations defence campaignplanningandevaluation Logic framework appliedto assumptionsandrisks separability Literature reviewonmentalmodelsandlinear (QAC) chemicaltreatmentprotocols ammoniumcompound Field validationofquaternary In-water treatmentofbiofouling ininternalsystems: Title ulttv aesuygieie aaBšaaaDSTO-GD-0773 SašaBaškarada ration packingprogram on2010/11components: 12 months progressreport Quality assuranceofcurrentcombat rationpack Qualitative casestudyguidelines rough seas Probabilistic modelofaﬂ model intheDSTO low-speed windtunnel submarine testingofageneric Phase IIexperimental events correlation systemfor useinlarge-scale highstrain-rate Optimisation andvalidationoftheARAMISdigitalimage Architecture(SOA) Oriented framework for Service On thedesignofacomprehensiveauthorisation analysis missdistance On alternativeformulations for linearised packs andoptionsfor improvement compositionofAustraliancombatration Nutritional workplace ofonlinesocialnetworkinginthe risks Network security attachment toTARDEC Vandewater Luke A. and Motion simulationresearchrelatedshort-term training energyharvester Modelling ofabi-axialvibration systems toolkit SioutisandYulin Christos Modelling aC-band radarusing spacesurveillance Mobile agents for information battlespace exchange oating target behaviourin rn son DSTO-GD-0770 and Clayton Adam Blandford, John Grant Osborne Malcolm Alderton Felicia Praderaand Rebecca Karlsson DSTO-GD-0741 Alison Hickmanand Susannah J.Whitney Grandison Richard PiolaandClare Coad DSTO-TN-1196Jeanine DeDianaandRoss Rada Pushkarova DSTO-TN-1203Woodyatt Howard QuickandBruce DSTO-TN-1193 Vanessa Pickerd Sarath Indrakanti Gorecki DSTO-GD-0772 Domenic BuccoandRick DSTO-GD-0740 DSTO-TR-2860 andLanBui Bianka Probert Anselm Teh O. Abedin Scott D. Moss Bocquet Mark GrahamandStephen Ding Peter O'Connor DSTO-GD-0812 DSTO-TR-2840 DSTO-TR-2774 DSTO-TN-1173 DSTO-TN-1274 DSTO-TR-2845 DSTO-TN-1174 DSTO-TN-1164 DSTO-TN-1179 DSTO-TN-1247 71

Title Author/s Report No

Radio frequency signal propagation study Elizabeth Smith DSTO-TR-2868

Reliability, durability and packaging of ﬁ bre Bragg Claire Davis, Ivan DSTO-TR-2880 gratings for large-scale structural health monitoring of Grabovac, James Kopczyk, defence platforms Peter Lombardo, Patrick Norman, Anthony Rizk, Travis Nuyens and Silvia Tejedor

Review of hull structural monitoring systems for Navy B.P. Phelps and B. Morris DSTO-TR-2818 ships

Sea-spike detection in high grazing angle X-band sea- Luke Rosenberg DSTO-TR-2820 clutter

Selecting measures to evaluate complex sociotechnical David J. Crone DSTO-RR-0395 systems: An empirical comparison of a task-based and constraint-based method

Simulation in training workshop 2012 Ashley Stephens, Philip DSTO-GD-0754 Temby, Greg McLean and John Hansen

Simulation trial results for the cooperative autonomous Anthony Travers DSTO-TN-1171 underwater vehicle demonstration (SA15)

Skin-friction measurements on a model submarine M.B Jones, L.P. Erm, A. DSTO-TR-2898 Vakiyﬀ and S.M. Henbest DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO Smoke ﬂ ow visualisation and particle image velocimetry Peter Manovski, Matteo DSTO-TR-2944 measurements over a generic submarine model Giacobello and Paul Jacquemin

Survey of cyber ranges and test beds Jon Davis and Shane DSTO-GD-0771 Magrath

Survivability of a propellant ﬁ re inside a simulated Andrew H. Hart, Blair Lade DSTO-RR-0392 military vehicle crew compartment: Part 1 – Baseline and Garry Hale study

Survivability of a propellant ﬁ re inside a simulated Andrew H. Hart, Blair Lade DSTO-RR-0393 military vehicle crew compartment: Part 2 – Hazard and Garry Hale mitigation strategies

The Army learning organisation workshop Steven Talbot, Denise DSTO-TN-1189 McDowall, Christina Stothard and Maya Drobnjak

The case study approach - Some theoretical, Mirela Stjelja DSTO-TN-1188 methodological and applied considerations

The Centre for Food Innovation - research areas and Theresa K C Hay, Paul DSTO-GD-0742 potential projects Capela and Lan Bui

The characterisation of a PEM fuel-cell system with a James R. Harvey and DSTO-TR-2934 focus on UAS applications Jennifer L. Palmer SECTION 5 : Appendices PR2sac oeiiildsg ..CoDSTO-TR-2904 No Report T.V. Cao DSTO-GD-0780 Author/s XPAR-2 searchmodeinitialdesign DianePomeroy review toolsetinExercise BlackSkies2012 assessment& Usability evaluationofairwarfare systems acquisition ofsoftware-intensive The needfor softwarearchitectureevaluationinthe The impactofstressorsonperformance budget equipment foroperation andsupport military The impactofincreasingacquisitioncostsonthe research applications The DEDS: DSTO’s for Environmental-DataServer Title Parker Julian Vince andJessica and ThongNguyen DSTO-TR-2872 Liming Zhu,MarkStaples Stephen Harrison and AndrewRobbie Skvortsov, AndrewWalker AlexeiM. Wharington, T. Palmer,Jennifer L. John DSTO-TR-2923 DSTO-TR-2936 DSTO-TR-2875 73 Appendix D: DSTO papers published or delivered externally

Title Author/s Publication

3-D tomography by automated in Trueman, A.R., Knight, S., Corrosion Science 75 376 - 385 situ block face ultramicrotome Colwell, J., Hashimoto, imaging using an FEG-SEM to study T., Carr, J., Skeldon, P., complex corrosion protective paint Thompson, G. coatings

A 6 GHz Digital Receiver Using Tsakiris, N., Hall, P., IEEE RADAR 2013 International COTS Prototyping Boards Herfurth, S.P., Tan, P., Conference on Radar, Adelaide, Brown, K. Australia, September 2013

A brief history of structural fatigue Molent, L. Advanced Materials Research 891 - testing at Fishermans Bend 892 April 2014 106 - 114 Australia

A cladding-pumped, tunable Simakov, N., Hemming, A., Optics Express 21 (23) 18 November holmium doped ﬁ bre laser Clarkson, W.A., Haub, J., 2013 28415-28422 Carter, A.

A column generation approach for Chircop, P., Surendonk, T., In Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R.S. and the scheduling of patrol boats to van den Briel, M., Walsh, T. Boland J. (eds) MODSIM2013, 20th provide complete patrol coverage International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO New Zealand, December 2013, pp. 1110-1116. ISBN: 978-0-9872143- 3-1. http://www.mssanz.org.au/ modsim2013/D3/chircop.pdf

A comparison of the results for gun White, A. PARARI 2013 Australian Explosive propellant stabiliser analysis by Ordnance Symposium, Canberra, Markham Still and HPLC Australia, 11-14 November 2013

A discrete event simulation of the Mukerjee, J., Nguyen, V., 20th International Congress on joint space cell Gani, R. Modelling and Simulation, Adelaide, Australia, 1–6 December 2013 www. mssanz.org.au/modsim2013 http:// www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2013/D1/ mukerjee.pdf

A fractographic investigation of Davidson, L. Advanced Materials Research 891 - a failed precombustion chamber 892 April 2014 75 - 80 nozzle from a large marine diesel engine

A high frequency EMI/EMC analysis Dall'Armi-Stoks, G. IEEE EMC 2013 International methodology for ships Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Denver, USA, August 2013

A hybrid method for generating Yunhan, D., Rosenberg, L., IEEE RADAR 2013 International correlated Gamma sequences for Weinberg, G.V. Conference on Radar, Adelaide, sea-clutter simulation Australia, September 2013 SECTION 5 : Appendices applications Theory, implementationand onBernoullifiA tutorial lters: measurement to improvingRANcapability A softsystemsthinkingapproach polarisation multi-lookimagery polarisation the ADSS for RADARSAT-2 dual- A shipdetectionsystembasedon realistic atmospheric applications realistic atmospheric A reviewoftoxicity models for materials metals comparedtocomposite design, certification andrepairin A reviewofdamage tolerant A new relocatable airglow imager Unewisse, A., Cool, A., Cool,A., Unewisse,A., A newrelocatableairglowimager of capability-basedsystems analysing architecturecomplexity A network-based approachfor geolocation approachtoHF A multipath-driven design watch-keeping organisational assessing ADFoperationallevel approachto A multidisciplinary spectrum fatiguetesting in-situduring fatigue crackgrowth for automatically measuring A modified compliancemethod corrosion aroundafastenerhole concentration ofintergranular A modelfor predictingthestress munitions for coordinated and algorithms development oftechnology the framework tosupport A many-on-manysimulation il uhrsPublication Author/s radar propagationoveraroughsea A Kirchhoff Title integralapproachto Ngu Vo, Farina, A. Ristic, B.,Ba-Tuong Vo, Ba- gltn .AustralianDefence Operations Eggleton, J. rs,DJ IEEERADAR 2013International D.J. Crisp, A., Gailis,R. A., Skvortsov,Gunatilaka, A., Wang, J. Chowdhury, N.,Chiu,W.K., Meehan, D. Jiang, L., Seif Zadeh, H. Systems Engineering Test Systems Engineering and SeifZadeh,H. Jiang, L., arzo . etan .SignalProcessing93 (12)December Fabrizio, G.,Heitmann,A. E., Macleod,I.,Phuong,E., L. Ali,I.,Kohn,Kalloniatis, A., Zhuang, W., Liu, Q. Advanced Materials Research 891 - AdvancedMaterials Zhuang, W., Liu, Q. B.R., Clark, G., Brandt, M. Clark,G.,Brandt, B.R., T.J.,Harrison, Crawford, Anderson, P. In Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R.S. InPiantadosi,J.,Anderssen, R.S. Anderson, P. oea,C,Bry .IEEERADAR 2013International Coleman, C.,Berry, P. 2013 Processing, Volume 61, Issue 13, July IEEE Transactions onSignal Research Review2012,74-93 Australia, September2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, February 2014230-243 Environment84 Atmospheric 892 April 20141597892 -1602 April Research891 - Advanced Materials October 2013 Conference, Sydney, Australia, ASSC 13thAustralianSpaceScience 28 April â€“ 30 April 2014 â€“30April 28 April Evaluation Conference (SETE2014), 2013 3487-3503 Research Review2012,55-73 Australian Defence Operations 892 April 2014732-738 892 April 892 April 2014242-247892 April Research891 - Advanced Materials modsim2013/D1/anderson.pdf 3-1. http://www.mssanz.org.au/ pp. 324-330. ISBN:978-0-9872143- and NewZealand, December2013, and SimulationSocietyofAustralia Modelling andSimulation. 20th InternationalCongress on and BolandJ.(eds) MODSIM2013, Australia, September2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, 75

Title Author/s Publication

An assessment of health support Gallasch, G.E., Ivanova, K. Australian Defence Operations capabilities for amphibious Research Review 2012, 20-35 operations using simulation

Ageing characteristics of Mulwala Hart, A., Mortimer, J., Huf, PARARI 2013 Australian Explosive redevelopment project comparison J., Sarunic, M., Prior, C., Ordnance Symposium, Canberra, propellants Odgers, S. Australia, 11-14 November 2013

An enterprise portfolio approach Filinkov, A., Dortmans, P.J. Defense and Security Analysis 30 (1) for defence capability planning Janaury 2014 76-82

An experimental study of initial Zhuang, W., Liu, Q., Smith, International Journal of Structural ﬂ aws in thin sheets of 2024 aircraft C. Integrity 5 (2) February 2014 120-128 aluminium alloy

An introduction to box-particle Gning, A., Ristic, B., IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, ﬁ ltering Mihaylova, L., Fahed, A. Volume 30, Issue 4, July 2013

An investigation of the extent of Barter, S., Burchill, M., Advanced Materials Research 891 - crack closure for crack growth in an Jones, M. 892 April 2014 93-99 aluminium alloy

Anaerobic whole cell biological Bereza-Malcolm, Lara Synthetic biology conference 6.0. sensors T Mann, Gülay , Franks, Imperial College, London, July 2013 Ashley E

Anaerobic whole-cell biosensors Bereza-Malcolm, Lara Conference for ecology and the T Mann, Gülay , Franks, environment. La Trobe University,

Ashley E November 2013 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO

Analysis of Black Hawk main Vine, J., Jackson, P., Hu, W. Advanced Materials Research 891 - transmission support beam in- 892 April 2014 708 - 713 service fatigue crack

Analysis of importance of brief Dawson, P. In Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R.S. and encounters for epidemic spread Boland J. (eds) MODSIM2013, 20th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2013, pp. 324-330. ISBN: 978-0-9872143-3-1. www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2013/A5/ dawson.pdf

Analysis of the performance of Verstraete, D., Harvey, J.R., ISABE 2013: 21st International fuel-cell-based hybrid-electrical Palmer, J.L. Symposium on Air breathing engines, UAS propulsion through hardware- Busan, Korea, September 2013 in-the-loop simulation

Application of detection and Fehlmann, S., Booth, D.M., Proceedings of the 2013 International recognition algorithms to Janney, P., Pontecorvo, C., Conference on Digital Image persistent wide area surveillance Aquilina, P., Scoleri, T., Computing: Techniques and Redding, N.J., Christie, R. Applications

Aris-Taylor dispersion in tubes with Dagdug, L., Berezhkovskii, The Journal of Chemical Physics 141 dead ends A.M., Skvortsov, A. (2) July 2014 024705 SECTION 5 : Appendices resolution andenhanced accuracy with sub-centimetrespatial temperaturesensor distributed Chalcogenide fibre-based defence scientist Cecil NapierHake: Australia's first Defence components aircraft Case studiesoffatiguefailuresin Defence components aircraft Case studiesoffatiguefailuresin aircraft? location offatiguefailuresin Can pittingcorrosionchange the spectral imagery. Australia's futureneedfor multi- create acapability?Satisfying Can aconstellationofCubeSats spectra T7451 undercombataircraft UNSW 2014BigDataWorkshop, small discontinuitiesin7050- from Calculating crackgrowth based ontetrazole-derivatives Bi-spectral IRCM-fl Beck,J. Big datainaDefence environment loads structures subjectedtomulti-axial Biaxial specimendesignfor inspection Publication assessmentsusingresultsof risk Bayesian updatingofaircraft systems signals for narrowbandradar Bandwidth extrapolation ofLFM Author/s environment source inanunknownstructured Autonomous searchfor adiff source inanunknownenvironment Autonomous searchfor adiff tube wall and diff Aris-Taylor dispersionwithdrift Title usion of particles onthe usion ofparticles are formulations usive usive Eggleton, B.J. pp inAustralia,June2014, Chemistry Ferguson, B.G.,Xiong, C., Collins, M.J.,Clark,A.S., Vo, T.D., He,J.,Magi,E., Research,Vols Advanced Materials David Kilmartin, Research, Vols AdvancedMaterials Smith, C.,Donnelly, D. Smith, S., Donnelly, D. P.K. T.J.,Liu, Q.,Harrison, Sharp, Loader,Crawford, B.R., C., Lingard, D.M. I.,Stepan,L., Cartwright, S.A. Barter, L., Molent, Jones, R., R. M., Morgan,Pietrobon, Brusnahan, J.,Fitzgerald, W.K., Wang, J. Chowdhury, N.T., Chiu, Research891 - AdvancedMaterials Torregosa, R.F., Hu,W. IEEERADAR 2013International Nguyen, V.K., Turley, M.D. Walker, A. Ristic, B.,Skvortsov, A., Walker, A. Ristic, B.,Skvortsov, A., Skvortsov, A.T. Berezhkovskii, A.M., 1560-1568 2014 Optics Express22(2)27January 16-19 891-892, 2014,pp81-86 891-892, 2014,pp81-86 2014304-314April International JournalofFatigue 61 2013 Small SatelliteConference, Utah,USA, June 2013178-182 International JournalofFatigue 5524 39 (1)February 2014133-137 Propellants, Explosives,Pyrotechnics 2014 UNSW Kensington Campus,1July 20141633892 April -1638 Research891 - Advanced Materials 20141047892 -1052 April Australia, September2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, 813 Entropy 16 (2)February 2014789- arXiv:1306.1591 Cornell UniversityLibrary, August 2013084101(1-7) Journal ofChemicalPhysics139 (8) 22 77

Title Author/s Publication

Characterisation of a hybrid, fuel- Verstraete, D., Lehmkuehler, Journal of Power Sources 250 March cell-based propulsion system for K., Gong, A., Harvey, J. R., 2014 204-211 small unmanned aircraft Brian, G., Palmer, J.L.

Characterization of high grazing Rosenberg, L. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and angle X-band sea-clutter Doppler Electronic Systems, 2014, 50(1), pp. spectra 406-417

Classiﬁ cation of wave breaking Morris, J.T., Anderson, S.J. IEEE RADAR 2013 International mechanisms from their Conference on Radar, Adelaide, polarimetric radar signatures Australia, September 2013

Coaxial right/left-handed Nicholson, K., Rowe, W., IEEE Transactions on Microwave transmission line for electronic Callus, P., Ghorbani, K., Theory and Techniques 62 (4) April beam steering in the slotted Itoh, T. 2014 773-778 waveguide antenna stiﬀ ened structure

Communication analysis for virtual Hasenbosch, S., Ross, P. SimTect 2013 Conference mission preparation: Moving Proceedings, 16- 20 September 2013, beyond simple replay Brisbane, Australia

Comparison of computational Abeynayake, D., Argon, A. MODSIM2013 20th International and semi-empirical aerodynamics Congress on Modelling and tools for making ﬁ t-for-purpose Simulation, Adelaide, Australia, modelling decisions December 2013

Computationally Fast AOA Ly, P. Q. C.; Elton, S. D.; Li, J. 2013 International Conference on Estimation Using Sparse Large & Gray, D. A. Radar, 2013, 526-531 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO Aperture Arrays For Electronic Surveillance Radar

Computer-based simulation of the Madden, C., Sgarioto, D. In Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R.S. and Wayamba unmanned underwater Boland J. (eds) MODSIM2013, 20th vehicle International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2013, pp. 1033–1039. ISBN: 978-0-9872143- 3-1. http://www.mssanz.org.au/ modsim2013/D1/madden.pdf

Congruence of joint operations - Jiang, L., Mckay, T. DSTO led Defence Operations How much do we know about it? Research Symposium, 2013

Constant false alarm rate detection Weinberg, G.V. Contemporary Engineering Sciences, in Pareto distributed clutter: Vol. 7, 2014, no. 6, 231 – 261, 2014 further results and optimality issues

Constrained Fast-Time STAP Rosenberg, L., Gray, D. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and for Interference Suppression in Electronic Systems, 2013, 49(3), pp. Multichannel SAR 1792-1805.

Control of an underactuated- Valentinis, F., Donaire, A., 2013 IEEE/ASME International slender-hull unmanned underwater Perez, T. Conference on Advanced Intelligent vehicle using Port-Hamiltonian Mechatronics (AIM) Wollongong, NSW: theory 9 - 12 July 2013, IEEE SECTION 5 : Appendices courses success onspecialforces selection standards thatarepredictiveof Developing physicalcapability vibrometry wave fromsingle-axislaser components ofmotioninaLamb Determination ofthein-plane MIMO radar of Detection andcharacterization synthesis imagery usingpolarisation Detecting speedboatsinSAR multitarget trackingoutput Detecting anomaliesfroma micro airvehicle Design elementsofabio-inspired transformation systems usingdiscretewavelet free-space opticalcommunication Demodulation ofFMdatain systems inmultiuserCDMA synchronization Decoder-assisted timing processing language Dauphin: Anewstatisticalsignal simulation andanalysis infrastructuremodelling, Critical missions to designingcubesatsandtheir integrated modellingapproach COWPATT: Thevalueofan system teardowns Cost eﬀ il uhrsPublication Author/s fractographic observations of failuresandexplanations for age-hardened Alalloys:Examples in Corrosion-fatigue crackgrowth Title ective safety fromfull D.C. A.P.,Hunt, Orr, Billing, R.M., Norman, P., Davis,C. Rajic, N.,Rosalie, C., Cochran, D. S. and Sirianunpiboon, Howard, S. D., S. Angelliaume, Rosenberg, L., itc .IEEETransactions onAerospace and Ristic, B. Drobik, J. Palmer, Jones,M.R., J.L., Grant, KJ, Grant, Gilbreath, GC,Suite,M, R, N,Burris, Namazi, A. J. A. Grant, N., McKilliam, R., Kodithuwakku, J.,Letzepis, Schachte, P. Moran,B., Kyprianou, R., R. Nunes-Vaz,Ackland, R.G., Lingard, D.M. I., Cartwright, Stepan, L., Boykett, R. Advanced Materials Research891 - AdvancedMaterials R. Boykett, Knop, M.,Lynch, S. Goldsmith,N., Byrnes, R., 619-624 Medicine 178Military (6) June2013 America 135(6) 3446-3454America Journal oftheAcoustical Society of 330–334. Australia, September2013,pp. Conference onRadar, Adelaide, IEEE RADAR 2013International 576-579 European SARConference 2014,pp. 2014 798-803 Electronic Systems 50(1)January Australia, June2013 Autonomous Vehicles, GoldCoast, 8th IFAC Symposium on Intelligent InTech, 2013 Approaches andRecentApplications, Transforms -ACompendium ofNew (Ed.)DiscreteWavelet Al-Asmari in: A. 6, pp. 2061-2071, June2014 IEEE Trans. onCommun., Vol. 62, No. Australia, September2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, IEEE RADAR 2013International Wollongong, Australia,October2013 Simulation &Analysis Workshop, InfrastructureModelling, Critical October 2013 Conference, Sydney, Australia, ASSC 13thAustralianSpaceScience 892 April 20141084-1089892 April 892 April 2014248-253 892 April Research891 - Advanced Materials 79

Title Author/s Publication

Development of a high Smith, P.C. PARARI 2013, Australian Explosive performance cast composite rocket Ordnance Symposium, Canberra, propellant for booster applications Australia, 11-14 November 2013

Development of a long range Clare, BA, Manning, S, ANZCOP 2013 Australian and New scintillometer using the angle-of- Grant, KJ, Mudge, KA. Zealand Conference on Optics and arrival technique Photonics Australia, Fremantle, 8-11 December 2013

Development of a passive Yau, K.S.B. IEEE RADAR 2013 International retrodirective Van Atta array Conference on Radar, Adelaide, reﬂ ector at X-band Australia, September 2013

Development of CGAP for fatigue Wallbrink, C., Hu, W. Advanced Materials Research 891 - damage and crack growth analysis: 892 April 2014 702 - 707 Veriﬁ cation, validation and examples of application

Development of future space Jakobsson, Ã In Gaertner, P., Bowden, F., Piantadosi, concept options using creative J. and Mobbs, K. (eds) 22nd National thinking techniques in workshops Conference of the Australian Society of Operational Research (ASOR 2013), The Australian Sociaty for Operations Research, Adelaide, Australia, DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO December, 2013. www.asor.org.au/ conferences/asor2013/J3/jakobsson. pdf

Developing realism in strategic- Thakur, N., Boswell, S. Australian Defence Operations level wargaming Research Review 2012, 36-54

Diode-pumped wideband thulium- Li, Z., Heidt, A.M., Simakov, Optics Express 21 (22) 4 November doped ﬁ bre ampliﬁ ers for optical N., Jung, Y., Daniel, J.M.O., 2013 26450-26455 communications in the 1800 - Alam, S.U., Richardson, D.J. 2050 nm window

Dragonﬂ y hover is primarily Chahl, J., Mizutani, A. Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and mediated by vision Bioreplication 2014, San Diego, CA: 10 - 12 March 2014, SPIE

DSTO space program Payne, T. ASSC 13th Australian Space Science Conference, Sydney, Australia, October 2013

Eﬀ ect of laser clad repair on the Sun, S.D., Liu, Q., Brandt, Materials Science and Engineering A fatigue behaviour of ultra-high M., Luzin, V., Cottam, R., 606 June 2014 46-57 strength AISI 4340 steel Janardhana, M., Clark, G.

Eff ect of load spectra and stress Gallagher, J.P., Molent, L. Advanced Materials Research 891 - magnitude on crack growth 892 April 2014 100 - 105 behaviour variability from typical manufacturing defects SECTION 5 : Appendices moving average acquisition using theexponential Event analoguedata triggered target detectionperformance into refl studies based modellingtosupport Evaluating theuseofphysics and linearregression parameters usingorderstatistics Estimation ofParetoclutter networks synchronisation ofoscillatorson Entropy andstabilityofphase in formal conceptanalysis Enhancing layoutandinteraction health monitoring health monitoring for structural energy harvester Endurance testingofavibration antenna stiff line for theslottedwaveguide /lefthandedtransmission right Electronically tunablecomposite aircraft propulsionbearings discharge damage in Electric harvesting endurance vibrationenergy Elastomer optimisationfor high high-strength steels incathodically protected growth oncorrosion-fatiguecrack period Eff simulated helicoptercrash a on occupantforces during Eff measured by portable pull-off measured byportable taper onadhesivebondstrength Eff il uhrsPublication Author/s rapid assessmentmethod boat determinedbytheISFEM strength ofanaluminiumpatrol imperfections ontheultimate Eff Title ects ofwaveform andcycle ects ofbody-borneequipment ects ofadherendthicknessand ect ofweld-induced ective hyperspectralsensor ened structure tests isn ..IEEESensorsJournal 14(6) June2014 Wilson, A.R. Kharabash, S. Carr, S.B., Brady, A.C., eneg ..IETElectronicsLetters Vol. 49 No. 13, AnnalsofPhysics348(2014)127-143 Weinberg, G.V. Kalloniatis, A. Ceglar, A. Pattison, T., Weber, D., Nagle, D.J., Galea,S.C. Moss,S.D., G.A., Hart, Ghorbani, K. W.S.T., Callus,P.J., Rowe, Nicholson, K.J., ekr . bneia .Proceedings oftheInstitution Becker, S. Abanteriba, A., Forum Materials G.,Moss,S., Nagle,D. Hart, Lynch, S. Knop, M.,Birbilis,N., W. Wang,Thomson, R., J.,Yan, Aggromito, D., Chen,B., e,M,Wn,CH,Yo .InternationalJournalofAdhesion and Lee, M.,Wang, C.H.,Yeo, E. aoa . lchr,C ShipsandOff Magoga, T., C. Flockhart, 2048-2055 2013 Symposium, Melbourne,Australia, July Geoscience andRemoteSensing IGARSS 2013International 2013 March 4-7, 2014,IEEEPress. Pacific Visualisation Symposium, 892 April 20141261892 -1267 April Research891 - Advanced Materials Society - 19 September2013,IEEEComputer METAMATERIALS 2013,Bordeaux:16 inMicrowavesandOptics, Materials on AdvancedElectromagnetic 7th InternationalCongress January 2014104-113 January Tribologyof Engineering 228(1) J:Journal Mechanical Engineers,Part 892 April 2014211-216892 April Research891 - Advanced Materials Ergonomics 44(4) July 2014561-569 International JournalofIndustrial Adhesives 44July 2013259-268 April 2014218-235 April shore Structures9(2) 81

Title Author/s Publication

Everyday relativity and the Doppler Drake, S.P., Purvis, A. American Journal of Physics, 2014. eﬀ ect 82(1): p. 52-59.

Evolution of magnetic and Brack, N., Kappen, P., Journal of Physical Chemistry C 118 structural properties during iron Herries, A.I.R., Trueman, (24) July 2014 13218-13227 plating of carbon nanotubes A.R., Rider, A.N.

EXOTIC: A small experiment on Harris, T., Cervera, M., ASSC 13th Australian Space Science polarisation eﬀ ects of oblique HF Snell, A. Conference, Sydney, Australia, radiowaves (separating O/X modes October 2013 on oblique soundings)

Experimental and modelling study Crawford, B.R., Loader, Advanced Materials Research 891 - of the eﬀ ect of corrosion pitting on C., Liu, Q., Harrison, T.J., 892 April 2014 236 - 241 fatigue failure locations in aircraft Sharp, P.K., Harkegard, G. components

Exploiting Graph Compression Cheng, A., Dickinson, P.J IEEE International Conference on Techniques for Coding and Communications, ICC 2014, 10-14 Monitoring June 2014,Sydney, Australia

Fast and Unambiguous Direction Ly, P. Q. C. PhD Thesis, School of Electrical and Finding for Digital Radar Intercept Electronic Engineering, The University Receivers of Adelaide, 2013

Fatigue crack closure due to Walker, K., Wang, C.H., Advanced Materials Research 891 - surface roughness and plastic Newman, J.C., Jr. 892 April 2014 319 - 324 deformation DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO Fatigue cracking from a corrosion Barter, S.A., Molent, L. Engineering Failure Analysis 39 April pit in an aircraft bulkhead 2014 155-163

Fatigue life analysis of specimens Hu, W., Wallbrink, C. Advanced Materials Research 891 - subjected to infrequent severe 892 April 2014 512 - 517 loading using a nonlinear kinematic hardening cyclic plasticity model

Fatigue life improvement of laser Liu, Q., Zhuang, W., Sharp, Advanced Materials Research 891 - clad 7075 aluminium alloy by deep P.K. 892 April 2014 115 - 120 surface rolling technique

Fatigue of cold expanded open Baburamani, P.S., Ogden, Advanced Materials Research 891 - hole coupons with pre-existing R., Liu, Q., Sharp, P.K. 892 April 2014 69-74 cracks

Fluid structure interaction in an Li, R. PARARI 2013 Australian Explosive interrupt bomb of propellant Ordnance Symposium, Canberra, Australia, 11-14 November 2013

Fluorinated aluminium Tetzlaﬀ , N., Quinton, J.S., Proceedings of PARARI 2013: 11th nanoparticles for reactive Kuznetsov, V. Australian Explosive Ordnance shockwave enhancement Symposium, Canberra, Australia 11-14 November 2013

Fractographic study on the use of White, P., Mongru, D.S. Advanced Materials Research 891 - rainfl ow counting for small and 892 April 2014 687 - 692 long cracks in AA7050 SECTION 5 : Appendices resignation remote sensingfor HFradar track area High-resolution wide system oflow-costsensors pollutantsusing a atmospheric of High-resolution monitoring extensive sensornetworks for High temporalaccuracy truncation andverification fatiguespectra Helicopter airframe generation fatiguespectra Helicopter airframe Intercept Applications Channeliser Designsfor Radar Hardware Effi propagation simulations GPU-accelerated atmospheric method for pathcategorisation Going aroundincircles:Aheuristic ionograms gravity wavesandtheireff Generation ofTIDsbyatmospheric cylindrical saddle-shapedcoils cylindrical of uniform magneticfield in Generation oflongprolatevolumes detector development for constantfalsealarmrate General transformation approach Tracking Smoother for Bearings-only Gaussian-sum CubatureKalman for Bearings-onlyTracking Filter withImprovedRobustness Gaussian-sum CubatureKalman il uhrsPublication Author/s vehicle underwater for theWayamba unmanned trials Full-scale manoeuvring Title cient Digital ect onVI D.A. Holdsworth, Garden, R.S., Turley, M.D.E., Gardiner- Palaniswami, M. Skvortsov, A., A., M.,Gunatilaka, Jamriska, Leckie, C.,Bezdek,J.C., T.C., Karunasekera, S., Rajasegarar, S., Havens, Wilson, A.R., Wilson, T.E. IEEE Sensors Journal 14 (4) April 2014 IEEESensorsJournal14(4) April Wilson,T.E. Wilson, A.R., Vine, J., Krake, L., Krieg, B. Advanced Materials Research891-892 AdvancedMaterials Vine, J.,Krake, Krieg, B. L., Krake, L. Advanced Materials Research 891 - AdvancedMaterials Krake, L. S.P., Ly, P.Q.C. Li, J.,Elton,S.D., Herfurth, Mudge, KA, Grant, KJ, Grant, Mudge, KA, Manning, S, Clare,BA, cte,S,Bc,J AustralianDefence Operations McAteer, S., J. Beck, evr,M,Hri,T ASSC 13thAustralianSpaceScience T. Cervera, M.,Harris, iae . racc,J MeasurementScienceandTechnology Dinale, J.,Vrbancich, J. eneg ..DigitalSignalProcessingvol30 Weinberg, G.V. Abhayapala, T. S., Lamahewa,T.A., Leong, P., Arulampalam, Abhayapala, T. S., Lamahewa,T.A., Leong, P., Arulampalam, Sgarioto, D., Madden, C. Underwater Technology, Underwater Vol. 32,No. 2, Sgarioto, D., Madden,C. Australia, September 2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, IEEE RADAR 2013International 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2276431 and RemoteSensing(99) 1-10DOI: IEEE Transactions onGeoscience 1061-1068 April 2014714-719April 892 April 2014720-725 892 April 493 Australia, September2013pp488- Conference onRadar, Adelaide, IEEE RADAR 2013International December 2013 Photonics Australia,Fremantle, 8-11 Zealand Conference onOpticsand ANZCOP 2013AustralianandNew Research Review2012,94-109 October, 2013 Conference, Sydney, Australia, 25 (3)March2014035903 (2014) pp15–26 1-6 pp. 2014, (ISSNIP), Singapore,April Networks andInformation Processing on Intelligent Sensors,Sensor IEEE NinthInternationalConference no. 5,pp. 513-517, May2014 IEEE SignalProcessingLetters, 21, vol. July 2014,pp. 67-79 83

Title Author/s Publication

Histogram PMHT unfettered Davey, S.J., Wieneke, M., IEEE Journal of Selected Topics In Han V. Signal Processing, Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2013

How can MBSE capture user Knight, M., Vencel, L. Model-based Systems Engineering perspectives of complex capability Symposium, Adelaide, Australia, needs? November 2013

Human Factors of Fratricide by Baskarada, S. ADF Journal, no. 189, pp. 113-116 Raﬀ erty et al. [Book Review]

Hybrid rotary-translational Moss, S., Hart, G., Burke, Applied Physics Letters, Volume 104, vibration energy harvester using S.K., Carman, G. Issue 3, id 033506 (2014) cycloidal motion as a mechanical ampliﬁ er

Identifi cation and quantifi cation Tsiminis, G., Chu, F., Sensors 2013, 13, 13163-13177 of explosives in nanolitre solution Warren-Smith, S.C., volumes by Raman spectroscopy in Spooner, N.A., Monro, T.M. suspended core optical fi bres

Impedance of a curved circular Burke, S.K., Ditchburn, R.J., NDT & E International 64 June 2014 spiral coil around a conductive Theodoulidis, T.P. 1-6 cylinder

Improved test method and Walker, K.F., Newman, J.C. Fatigue and Fracture of Engineering analytical modelling for fatigue Materials and Structures 37 (6) June crack growth in coarse-grain 2014 659-670 titanium alloy with rough fatigue 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO surfaces

Improving detection using Dawson, P., Shettigara, V. IGARSS 2013 International Geoscience a material pattern matching and Remote Sensing Symposium, technique in hyperspectral images Melbourne, Australia, July 2013

Improving the design of a human- Lo, E. H. S., Au, T. A., Hoek, Proceedings of System of Systems in-the-loop joint ﬁ res experiment P. J. Engineering Conference, IEEE, Adelaide, June 2014

Information security awareness: Pattinson, M.R., Jerram, C., Oceania CACS 2013, Adelaide, An analysis of knowledge, attitude Parsons, K., McCormac, A., Australia, September 2013 and behaviour Butavicius, M.

Initial polarimetric results from Goh, A.S., Preiss, M., Stacy, IEEE RADAR 2013 International the Ingara bistatic SAR experiment N.J.S. Conference on Radar, Adelaide, Australia, September 2013

Invariance of the distributions of Howard, S. D. Proceedings of the IEEE Statistical normalized gram matrices Sirianunpiboon, S. and Signal Processing Workshop, June Cochran, D. 2014, pp. 1–4.

Invariant detection and estimation Sirianunpiboon, S., Proceedings of the IEEE Radar of MIMO radar signals Cochran, D. and Howard, Conference, RADARCON’14, May 2014, S. D. pp. 1–5.

Life extension of F/A-18 LAU-7 Heller, M., Calero, J., Advanced Materials Research 891 - missile launcher housings using Wescott, R., Barter, S., 892 April 2014 739 - 744 rework shape optimisation Choi, J., Surtees, G. SECTION 5 : Appendices densities usingWeradar clutter ibull mixture Modelling ofinhomogeneity in amplitude loading undervariable- tooth crackgrowth Modelling andanalysis ofgear systems of for capabilityenhancementof Model-based systemsengineering rotating blades Microwave radarimagingof biology approach Microbial biosensors-asynthetic by superelasticgrapheneaerogels networkhydrogels enabled binary conductive andstimuli-responsive electrically Mechanically robust, of signalrank estimation Maximum aposteriori spectrum loading rates of7075-T7351 under scatterincrackgrowth Material structures pits inaircraft Managing fatiguefromcorrosion adaptive testcellanalysis Pareto CFAR processes using Management in ofinterference Publication in Defence capabilityportfolio Author/s Management ofinterdependencies environment inamultipath interference Low-angle target detectionwith of aQueenslandtropicalforest analysis imaging andpolarimetric Low highresolutionSAR frequency Title a,T-.VnIET Radar, SonarandNavigation, Cao, T.-T. Van Khoo, S. Yin, J.,Wang, W., Man,Z., Tetlow, M. N.,Waite,Broderick, M., P., Yau, D. Tran, H-T., Berry, Melino, R., Ashley E Mann, Gülay,Franks, Truong, V.T., Li, D. Ding,Cheng, J., C.,Zhou, K., Liu, D.,Qiu, L., Wang, Y., D. Howard, S. D. andCochran, Research891 - AdvancedMaterials S., Sirianunpiboon, R. Hu, W., Krieg, B.,Torregosa, Signal Processingvol104(2014)pp L. Molent, Weinberg, G.V. Tailby, D., SeifZadeh,H. T., Watson, J.,Taylor, R., Ween,Heseltine, A., G., Nguyen, M-T., Gill, Garanovich, I.,deVisser, IEEERADAR 2013International Berry, P.E., Finch,D.P. D.A. Stacy,Goh, A., N.J.S., Gray, Pincus, P.B., Preiss,M., 2014, Vol.2014, 8, Iss. 3,pp. 180-194 113 Processing 40(1)19 June2013 105- Mechanical Systems andSignal November 2013 Symposium, MawsonLakes, 12 Model-Based Systems Engineering Australia, September2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, IEEE RADAR 2013International Sydney, November, 2013 University,conference, Macquarie Synthetic biologyandbio-engineering 2014 3333-3337 26(20) 28May Advanced Materials Signal Processing, May2014. Conference onAcoustics, Speech,and Proceedings oftheIEEEInternational 20141197892 April - 1202 Research891 - Advanced Materials 2014261892 -266 April 264–273 1012-1018. ISBN:978-0-9872143-3-1. New Zealand, December2013,pp. Simulation SocietyofAustraliaand and Simulation.Modelling International Congress onModelling Boland J.(eds) MODSIM2013, 20th and In Piantadosi,J.,Anderssen,R.S. Australia, September2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, July 2013 Symposium, Melbourne,Australia, Geoscience andRemoteSensing IGARSS 2013International 85

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Multi-objective optimisation of Jarvis, R., Kong, W. Paciﬁ c 2013 International Maritime submarine power and energy Conference, Sydney, Australia, Sydney, systems Australia, October 2013

Multiple target localization using Leong, P., Abhayapala, T., IEEE Transactions on Signal wideband echo chirp signals Lamahewa, T. A. Processing, vol. 61, no. 16, pp. 4077- 4089, August 2013

Non-decision-aided detection and Newsam, G. and 7th International Conference on SNR Estimation of weak BPSK Chamalaun, M. Signal Processing and Communication signals in AWGN Systems, ICSPCS’2013 16-18 December 2013 Gold Coast Australia, IEEE Conference Proceedings

Non-destructive Evaluation of Ibrahim, M.E., Phillips, Advanced Materials Research 891-892 Mechanically Loaded Advanced A.W., Ditchburn, R.J., Wang, April 2014 594-599 Marine Composite Structures C.H.

Numerical simulation of the Tan, P. Composites Part B: Engineering 59 ballistic protection performance March 2014 50-59 of a laminated armour system with pre-existing debonding/ delamination

On the concept of a transmission Dylejko, P.G., MacGillivray, Journal of Sound and Vibration 333 absorber to suppress internal I.R. (10) 12 May 2014 2719-2734 resonance

On the CRB for frequency Letzepis, N IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO estimation of superimposed Processing (Gold Coast, Australia), pp. multidimensional sinusoids 97-100, June 2014.

On the fatigue crack growth Yu, X. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 123 analysis of spliced aircraft wing June 2014 116 - 125 panels under sequential axial and shear loads

On the fatigue durability of clad Harman, A.B., Rider, A.N. International Journal of Adhesion and 7075-T6 aluminium alloy bonded Adhesives 44 July 2013 144-156 joints representative of aircraft repair

On the relationship between Savage, R.J., Best, S.A., Journal of Strength and Conditioning discrete and repetitive lifting Carstairs, G.L., Ham, D.J., Research 28 (3) March 2014 767-773 performance in military tasks Doyle, T.L.A.

One, two, inﬁ nity approximate Gordon, N. 16th International Conference on Bayes for tracking and sensor Information Fusion, Istanbul, Turkey, fusion July 2013

Operational synthesis for small Chau, W., Grieger, D. In Gaertner, P., Bowden, F., Piantadosi, combat teams: Exploring the J. and Mobbs, K. (eds) 22nd National scenario parameter space using Conference of the Australian Society agent-based models for Operations Research (ASOR 2013). The Australian Society for Operations Research, Adelaide, December 2013, pp. 196-203. www.asor.org.au/ conferences/asor2013/J7/chau.pdf SECTION 5 : Appendices outlook andnew area networks: Asurvey Propagation Models for body simulation final yearresearchproject-Radar Project planandliteraturereview, a mistunedIntegrally bladeddisk Probabilistic vibrationanalysis of initial fl oftheequivalent the distribution a Bayesianapproachtoupdate structuresusing fracture ofaircraft analysis of Probabilistic risk framework detection inaloglikelihood ATIPolarmetric slowtarget shoaling waves radarstudies of Polarimetric signals control ofmicrowavetoterahertz Photonic techniquefor phase to-scan processing for highresolutionradar withscan- Performance predictionmodelling quantised signals Passive radarprocessingwith multiple transmitters Passive radardetectionusing crossing capabilityoptions and evaluationofenhancedgap thinking appliedtoconstruction systems critical Participative fi tting using harmonicleast-squares suppression wave interference radarcontinuous- Over-the-horizon K-distributed clutterenvironment Optimal non-coherentdetectionin il uhrsPublication Author/s array Optical fl Title aw sizes ow onalinearcompound Hanlen, L. W.Hanlen, L. D., Lamahewa,T. and A. Smith, D. B.,Miniutti, rgr,D UniversityofSouthAustralia’s School Gregory, D. Chen, G., Hou, J. Advanced Materials Research891 - Advanced Materials Chen, G.,Hou,J. orgs,R,H,W Fatigue andFracture ofEngineering Torregosa, Hu,W. R., tc,N,Pes,M InternationalGeoscienceandRemote Stacy, N.,Preiss,M. nesn .. ors ..IGARSS 2013International J.T. Anderson, S.J., Morris, tyal,M,Seao,D IEEETransactions onMicrowave Attygalle, M.,Stepanov, D. IEEERadarConference 2014. Zuk,J. Rosenberg, L., ere . amr .IEEERADAR 2013International Searle, S., Palmer, J. Sirianunpiboon, S. Sirianunpiboon, Howard, S. D. and edr . aa,D AustralianDefence Operations Bender, Kayal, D. A., odwrh ..IEEERADAR 2013International D.A. Holdsworth, uhn .IEEERADAR 2013International Yunhan, D. hh,J Bioinspiration,Biomimetics,and J. Chahl, October 2013 55,no.Magazine, vol. 5,pp. 97-117, IEEE Antennasand Propagation of Engineering HonoursProgram of Engineering 892 April 2014726-731 892 April July 20131092-1101 andStructures36(11)25 Materials Melbourne, Australia,July 2013 Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2013 Symposium, Melbourne,Australia,July Geoscience andRemoteSensing Issue 6, June20141381-1386 andTechniques,VolumeTheory 62, Australia, September2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, Computers, November2013. Conference onSignals,Systems and Proceedings ofthe47th Asilomar Research Review2012,1-19 Australia, September2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, Australia, September2013 Conference onRadar, Adelaide, 10 - 12 March 2014, SPIE 10 -12March2014, Bioreplication 2014,SanDiego, CA: 87

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Pseudo fatigue testing for rapid Molent, L., Barter, S.A., Advanced Materials Research 891 - certiﬁ cation to service Gordon, M., Weibler, L. 892 April 2014 1059 - 1064

Range and egomotion estimation Chahl, J.S. Applied Optics 53 (3) 20 January 2014 from compound photodetector 368-375 arrays with parallel optical axis using optical ﬂ ow techniques

Rare-event simulation for radar Zuk, J., Rosenberg, L. IEEE Statistical Signal Processing threshold estimation in heavy- Workshop 2014, pp. 468-471. tailed sea clutter

Resonance versus aerodynamics Kok, J.M., Chahl, J. Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and for energy savings in agile natural Bioreplication 2014, San Diego, CA: ﬂ yers 10 -12 March 2014, SPIE

Review on the fatigue of composite Chowdhury, N., Chiu, W.K., Advanced Materials Research 891 - hybrid joints used in aircraft Wang, J. 892 April 2014 1591 - 1596 structures

Robust performance prediction Rosenberg, L., Bocquet, S. IEEE RADAR 2013 International modelling for compound Conference on Radar, Adelaide, distributions with temporal Australia, September 2013 correlation

Rotational energy harvesting from Payne, O., Moss, S. ACAM8-ABS-1204 a drive shaft for structural health monitoring DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO Sampling based estimation of Weinberg, G.V. International Journal of DQPSK transmission bit error rates Communications (IJC) Volume 2 Issue with Nakagami-m Fading Channels 2, June 2013

Satisfying Australia’s future need Cartwright, I.J.R., Stepan, Proceedings of the 12th Australian for multi-spectral imagery using a L.B., Lingard, D.M. Space Science Conference, Melbourne, cubesat solution 24 - 26 September, 2012, Published by the National Space Society of Australia Ltd, Editors: Wayne Short and Iver Cairns ISBN 13: 978-0- 9775740-6-3

Scaling of electromagnetic Moss, S., Payne, O., Hart, G. Proc. of SPIE Vol. 9057 9057-28 vibration energy harvesting (2014) devices

Scattering phenomena of edge Nadarajah, N., Vien, B.S., Advanced Materials Research 891 - guided waves at and around Chiu, W.K., Rose, L.R.F. 892 April 2014 1249 - 1254 notches

Sea-spike detection in medium Rosenberg, L. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and grazing angle X-band sea-clutter Remote Sensing, 2013, 51(8), 2013, pp. 4556-4562.

Semi-empirical model for Pederick, L., Cervera, M. ASSC 13th Australian Space Science ionospheric absorption based on Conference, Sydney, Australia, the NRLMSISE-00 atmospheric October 2013 model (SiMIAN) SECTION 5 : Appendices of-fl quadrupole andtime- by gaschromatographywithtriple in middledistillatefuelsanalyzed Synthetic phenolicantioxidants sentinels toactasenvironmental bacteria Synthetic biology–Engineering investigation numerical crew compartment: fi vehicle re insideamilitary ofapropellant Survivability systems of intomilitary technology insertion Success factorsfor urgent presentation radarsimulation Student assignmentPowerpoint ejection ofexplosively sand driven eff Strength andsintering asensornetwork measured with structure multicompartment tracer concentrationina Statistics ofchemical Lagrangian circulationfeatures and off aroundJapan buoy trajectories ofdrifting Statistical clustering Publication then-track SNR limitsonKalman filter detect- propellers composite marine optimization for shapeadaptive based and genetic algorithm Author/s Smoothed finite element in improvedwedge test ofcompositionB Shock sensitivity corrosive environment aircraft bulkheadexposed toa fatiguecrackinginan Service Title ight massspectrometry Fukushima to identify Fukushimatoidentify ects at P.J. P.M., Evans, D.J., Marriott, Webster, Rawson, R.L., E Mann, Gülay, Franks, Ashley Bereza-Malcolm, LaraT, 9thInternationalConference on A. Hart, ofSouthAustralia’s University School Johnston,I., Harrland, A., Baskarada, S. Gregory, D. S.A. Resnyansky, A.D., Weckert, Pitaliadda,D.A., Skvortsov, Gunatilaka, A., buoy ofdrifting Statistical clustering Karunasekera, S., IEEESignalProcessing Letters, Hamilton, L.J. Davey, S. Prusty, John,N. B.G.,St. Herath, M.T., Natarajan,S., Lu, J.P. Kuznetsov, V.A., Mellen,P., Failure Engineering Analysis 3412 Barter, L. Molent, S.A., 2014 1097-1102 Energy andFuels28(2)15January November 2013 LaTrobeenvironment, University, Conference for ecologyandthe Australia, 11-14November2013 Ordnance Symposium, Canberra, PARARI 2013Australian Explosive (SOSE), Adelaide,Australia,June9-13. System ofSystems Engineering Honours Program of Engineering JulyConference, 2013 Seattle,USA, APS-SCCM &AIRAPT-24 Joint D2/karunasekera.pdf 1. www.mssanz.org.au/modsim2013/ 1089-1095. ISBN: 978-0-9872143-3- New Zealand, December2013,pp. Simulation SocietyofAustraliaand and Simulation.Modelling International Congress onModelling Boland J.(eds) MODSIM2013, 20th and In Piantadosi,J.,Anderssen,R.S. Oceanography (2013)6, 16-32. circulation features. MethodsIn Lagrangian Fukushima toidentify aroundJapanandoff trajectories Volume 20, Issue 8, August2013 October 2013189-197 Composite Structures109(1)22 Canberra, Australia Symposium, 11-14November Australian ExplosiveOrdnance Proceedings ofPARARI 2013,11th August 2013181-188

Title Author/s Publication

Testing various backtracking Marlow, D., Murphy, J. In Piantadosi, J., Anderssen, R.S. and algorithms in airborne maritime Boland J. (eds) MODSIM2013, 20th surveillance modelling International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, December 2013, pp. 1040-1046.

Technology deployment process Baškarada, S, McKay, T, Operations Management Research, model McKenna, T vol. 6, no.3-4, pp. 105-118

The eﬀ ect of crack growth Burchill, M., Barter, S., Advanced Materials Research 891 - retardation when comparing Jones, M. 892 April 2014 948 - 954 constant amplitude to variable amplitude loading in an aluminium alloy

The Eﬀ ect of manufacturing Liu, Q., Elambasseril, J., Advanced Materials Research 891 - defects on the fatigue behaviour Sun, S., Leary, M., Brandt, 892 April 2014 1519 - 1524 of Ti-6Al- 4V specimens fabricated M., Sharp, P.K. using selective laser melting

The eﬀ ects of DVB-T SFN data on Capria, A., Conti, M., IEEE RADAR 2013 International passive radar signal processing Moscardini, C., Petri, D., Conference on Radar, Adelaide, Palmer, J., Searle, S. Australia, September 2013

The inﬂ uence of mechanical Brack, N., Rider, A.N. International Journal of Adhesion and and chemical treatments on the Adhesives 48 January 2014 20-27 DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO environmental resistance of epoxy adhesive bonds to titanium

The Pareto distribution for high Rosenberg, L., Bocquet, S. IGARSS 2013 International grazing angle sea-clutter Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Melbourne, Australia, July 2013

The role of microstructure in the Cottam, R., Luzin, V., Liu, Materials Science and Engineering A stress relaxation and tempering of Q., Mayes, E., Wong, Y.C., 601 April 2014 65-69 laser clad Ti-6Al-4V Wang, J., Brandt, M.

Three-dimensional Resnyansky, A.D., APS-SCCM & AIRAPT-24 Joint characterisation and simulation of McDonald, S.A., Withers, Conference, Seattle, USA, July 2013 deformation and damage during P.J., Bourne, N.K., Millett, Taylor impact in PTFE J.C.F., Brown, E.N.

Tracer dispersion in the turbulent Skvortsov, A., Jamriska, M., Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences convective layer Dubois, T.C. 70 (12) Dec 2013 4112-4121

Track-before-detect on quantised Cheung, B., Davey, S.J. IEEE RADAR 2013 International intensity maps Conference on Radar, Adelaide, Australia, September 2013

Unifying monotonic and hysteresis Yu, X., Liu, Q., Wallbrink, C. Advanced Materials Research 891 - material properties for notch 892 April 2014 500 - 505 plasticity analysis under variable amplitude loads SECTION 5 : Appendices welding ofnavalsteels in pulsed-tandemgasmetalarc Weld-end solidiﬁcation cracking lanthanide ions bidentate complexation with agentsVX andVG chemicalwarfare permanent-magnet spherical usinga Vibration energyharvesting (II) Vibration energyconversiondevice for networkchange analysis Using scan-statisticalcorrelations Publication combat helicopters predict thesizeofaﬂ Using discrete-eventsimulationto Author/s Vehicle Operator model oftheUnmannedAerial settings: Asequentialsampling Using cognitivemodelsinapplied deformable interactivesurface using ForceForm: Adynamically User createdtangiblecontrols Title eet ofnaval D. Donato, J.,Lane, N.,Lang, Z.,Bayley,Sterjovski, C., Johnston,M.R. M.R., Dennison, G.,Sambrook, AustralianPatentApplication Galea,S.,S.K., Carman,G. G.,Burke, Moss, S., Hart, G. Moss, S., Hart, Trends andApplicationsinKnowledge Dickinson,P.J. Cheng, A., and InPiantadosi,J.,Anderssen,R.S. Marlow, D., Novak,A. R. Boag, Martin, R., Vuckovic, White,D., A., Broughton, M. Adcock, M.,Gedeon,T., Tsimeris, J.,Stevenson,D., 145-152 Welding Journal93 (5)May2014 November 2013195-197 Chemical Communications 50(2)28 (2014) Proc. ofSPIEVol. 90579057-27 2013254931 7867, 2013,pp 1-13 Notes inComputer ScienceVolume andDataMiningLectureDiscovery 1117-1123. New Zealand, December2013,pp. Simulation SocietyofAustraliaand and Simulation.Modelling International Congress onModelling Boland J.(eds) MODSIM2013, 20th February 2014 University, Canberra,Australia Conference, AustralianNational Australian MathematicalPsychology 11 October2013 Andrews,Scotland:8- UIST 2013,St. SoftwareandTechnology,Interface 26th AnnualACM Symposium onUser 91 Appendix E: Patents granted

Patent Title Inventors Country PatentAppNo FilingDate PriorityDate GrantNo GrantedDate Firearm Sighting Chapman, T “Europe* 04797038.9 11/05/2006 18/11/2003 1692454 7/08/2013 Device for (France, Viewing Around Germany, Obstacles United Kingdom)” Messaging Wang, J Canada 2609863 5/06/2006 3/06/2005 2609863 18/02/2014 Method Matrix Wang, J Canada 2610467 30/11/2007 3/06/2005 2610467 11/03/2014 Compression Arrangements Messaging Wang, J Singapore 201003736-4 27/05/2010 5/06/2006 162730 31/10/2013 Method - Divisional Monitoring Wong, A Australia 2008215172 11/08/2009 14/02/2007 2008215172 12/09/2013 the Structural Health of Mechanical Components A Clamp and Robinson, J New Zealand 592937 19/11/2009 19/11/2008 592937 3/12/2013 Wrapping Assembly for

Patching a Pipe 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO Rupture Testing Gerrard, D New Zealand 593510 9/06/2011 593510 28/01/2014 Mechanical Components for Wear and Tear Digital Video North, CJG., United 13/126444 24/12/2009 24/12/2008 8572403 29/10/2013 Guard Beaumont, States of MRG., America Yiu, KKH., Green, JD Digital Video North, CJG., New Zealand 592063 1/04/2011 24/12/2008 592063 4/06/2014 Guard Beaumont, MRG., Yiu, KKH., Green, JD Apparatus Becker, A United 13/118734 31/05/2011 31/05/2011 8601886 10/12/2013 for Metallic States of Particulate America Quantiﬁ cation Doing business with DSTO : Contacts [email protected] Phone: +61 26128 6302 CDSDeputy (ResearchServices) [email protected] Phone: +61 87389 6262 andOutreach) CDSDeputy (Partnerships [email protected] Phone: +61 39626 7402 CDSDeputy (StrategyandProgram) [email protected] Phone: +61 26128 6301 Chief DefenceScientist(CDS) [email protected] Phone :+61 39626 7677 Chief Aerospace Division [email protected] Phone: +61 39626 8238 Chief LandDivision [email protected] Phone: +61 39626 8201 Division Chief Maritime Contacts Doing businesswithDSTO your tablet Download thefreeDSTO Appon Visit: www.dsto.defence.gov.au For informationonDSTO further [email protected] Phone: +61 87389 6091 Division Chief Weapons andCombat Systems [email protected] Phone: +61 87389 5714 Division Chief Cyber andElectronicWarfare [email protected] Phone: +61 87389 6353 andISRDivision Chief NationalSecurity [email protected] Phone: +61 26128 7354 Division Chief JointandOperationsAnalysis

Dr Dragana Calic, inaugural DSTO science advisor to Joint Task Force 633 at Camp Baird, UAE. DSTO Annual Review 2013-14 Annual Review DSTO www.dsto.defence.gov.au