· AUSTRALIA $1.50 · CANADA $1.50 · FRANCE 1.00 EURO · ICELAND KR100 · NEW ZEALAND $1.50 · SWEDEN KR10 · UK £.50 · U.S. $1.00 INSIDE How Chinese, Japanese immigrants resisted discrimination in the U.S. — PAGE 6 A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF WORKING PEOPLE VOL. 70/NO. 26 JULY 17, 2006 Lone survivor of Sago disaster: High court ruling ‘We expected to be rescued’ Federal officials, company refused to use aids ‘war on terror’ machinery that has saved miners’ lives Legitimizes military trials, BY CINDY JAQUITH PITTSBURGH, July 3—When an explosion ripped through the Sago U.S. prison at Guantánamo coal mine in West Virginia at 6:26 a.m. on January 2, the miners trapped inside thought it was just a matter of time before they would be rescued. Federal rescue officials and com- pany personnel on the scene, however, did not bring in equipment to pinpoint the location of the trapped workers that had been used successfully to save miners trapped underground in 2002 after the Queecreek mine disaster in Pennsylvania, as the workers trapped at Sago had hoped. These facts became clear from tes- timony made public last week by the sole survivor of the Sago blast. Randal McCloy, a 26-year-old roof Getty Images/Mark Wilson bolter, was the only miner to survive Getty Images/Karen Bleier U.S. troops at U.S. Naval Base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, watch a prisoner May 9 at Randal McCloy, the sole survivor of Jan. 2 the Sago disaster. Twelve others per- notorious Camp Delta, where Washington holds “enemy combatants” indefinitely. disaster at Sago, where 12 miners died on job, ished. McCloy was interviewed in and his wife Anna at White House June 15. mid-June by state and federal mine BY SAM MANUEL His account of disaster was just made public. Continued on page 4 WASHINGTON—In a June 29 Close U.S. prison ruling the U.S. Supreme Court gave its stamp of approval to the Bush at Guantánamo, Cuba! Socialists Workers launch administration’s plans to conduct military trials of prisoners it has la- Free all the inmates! election campaign in Minnesota beled “enemy combatants,” being held — statement by SWP candidates, p. 9 at the U.S. Naval base at Guantánamo BY CARLOS Bay, Cuba. CACERES The trials may proceed, the court said, they would now seek legislation allowing MINNEAPOLIS, July so long as they conform to the Uniform them to proceed with these trials. 4—Socialist Workers Code of Military Justice and applicable Senate majority leader William Party candidates and their sections of the Geneva Conventions, and Frist announced he would introduce supporters began petition- the administration seeks legislative au- legislation on the tribunals after the ing here and in the adjacent thorization. Administration officials said Continued on page 7 city of St. Paul today to put the SWP ticket on the ballot for the November Puerto Rico: first-ever sales tax elections. They fanned out across the Twin Cities, collecting 760 signatures is harbinger of more austerity in one day. Militant/Tom Baumann BY MARTÍN KOPPEL In May the administration of Gov. Rebecca Williamson, 24, Rebecca Williamson (left), Socialist Workers Party Puerto Rico’s legislature voted in Aníbal Acevedo Vilá organized a a meat packer and member candidate for U.S. Senate in Minnesota, petitions July 4 mid-June to impose the first-ever two-week layoff of 95,000 public em- of United Food and Com- in Minneapolis to put SWP ticket on ballot. consumer sales tax on the island. To- ployees on the grounds that it had run mercial Workers (UFCW) gether with a 38 percent hike in water out of funds. The shutdown of schools Local 789, is heading the socialist ticket. alternative to the Republicans, Demo- rates that went into effect July 1, this and other government agencies, a de She is running for U.S. Senate in the seat crats, and other capitalist parties,” Wil- measure is part of an assault on the facto lockout, was a warning to work- now held by Mark Dayton of the Demo- liamson told the Militant. “Every plank in “welfare state” the U.S. rulers have Continued on page 9 cratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL). the socialist platform is aimed at uniting relied on for decades to cushion the “We are presenting a working-class Continued on page 7 economic effects of their colonial rule in this Caribbean nation. Also Inside: Kentucky miners snap up ‘Militant’ Protesters in Massachussetts BY DAVE FERGUSON coal miners and their families attended. Tel Aviv expands condemn cop attack HARLAN, Kentucky—Four support- One worker there told us he had found on four youth of Asian descent 2 ers of the Militant took part in a team here a copy of the Militant the previous week invasion of Gaza June 23–24 to promote the socialist news- in a Wal-Mart parking lot. He said he BY PAUL PEDERSON Washington, Tokyo renew weekly in Harlan County, Kentucky. had taken it home and read it, and now The Israeli armed forces have expand- threats against north Korea 3 We sold 16 subscriptions and 154 wanted a subscription because he liked ed their military operations in the Gaza copies of the paper in the coal mining the coverage on the struggles of miners Strip, sending tanks and troops into the Families of coal miners communities here over the two days. for safety on the job. area across the northern border July 3. killed on job in Kentucky That brought the total in Harlan County, At a railroad crossing on Route An Israeli armored column entered from demand access to inquiry 4 which has a population of some 32,000, 38—the main road linking many of the south a week earlier. Tel Aviv claims to 31 new subscribers and more than 500 the mines and mining towns in Harlan the invasion is aimed at recovering an Hazleton, Pennsylvania, mayor copies over the last month. County—the widow of one of the five Israeli soldier who was taken prisoner in pushes attacks on immigrants 5 Five of the new readers signed up in miners killed in the May 20 explosion a June 25 raid inside Israel carried out one hour at a bluegrass concert that many Continued on page 4 Continued on page 3 Nat’l Guard troops in New Orleans Defense planned for target working-class neighborhoods Mississippi abortion clinic BY STEVE WARSHELL for the crisis we face in housing, health are also being sent to New Or- NEW ORLEANS—On June 20 care, and jobs,” he said. leans and they are pressing to hundreds of Louisiana National Guard In desert fatigues and matching try more cases under federal troops joined police in launching a Humvee personnel carriers, 300 mili- charges, which come with lon- massive “anti-crime” campaign here, tary police from the Louisiana National ger sentences and less chance targeting several overwhelmingly Black Guard—all armed with rifles and side of pre-trial release, FBI agent working-class neighborhoods. arms with live ammunition—joined James Bernazzani told the lo- Charging there has been an increase nearly five times as many city and state cal media. in homicides in the city over the past cops here in launching the operation. “The system’s weakest month, the mayor and the governor of “They are not here to help us, they links today,” Bernazzini told Louisiana are seeking to set a precedent want people to be afraid,” hotel worker the Houston Chronicle, “are for further use of the military in domes- Simon Gilbert told the Militant, in a judges in state courts who are tic policing operations. They aim to beef June 24 interview downtown across notoriously lenient in releas- MIAMI—At left, anti-abortion protest- up the powers of local cops and further from the National Guard “Command ing suspects.” ers in June outside the Women’s Health chip away at constitutional protections Post” at Loyola and Perdido streets. The facts, however, appear Organization in Jackson, Mississippi. Op- against unreasonable search and sei- “Right now, many of us in the 9th Ward to contradict that assertion. eration Save America, formerly Operation zure, and other civil liberties. try to stay out of trouble by coming back According to the U.S. Bureau Rescue, has called for more protests in July “Right after Katrina it was the Nation- from work and just staying home. Those of Justice Statistics for 2004, to “storm the gates of hell” and shut down al Guard that denied us food and water, guns are going to be aimed at us.” Louisiana led the United the clinic, the only one in the state that they have never made this city safer,” According to the Times-Picayune, States with the highest incar- provides abortions. said Mike Howells, a member of the the National Guard forces “are patrol- ceration rate. The National Organization for Women organization Concern, Community, and ling neighborhoods such as Gentilly, and others that defend a woman’s right to Compassion. He attended a city coun- the Lower 9th Ward and eastern New The National Guard had choose are preparing to counter-mobilize cil meeting June 22 where residents Orleans, where the population is sparse.” as many as 15,000 soldiers July 15–22 at the clinic and have sent out an protested the move. “They are simply Meanwhile, city and state police are set- in the city in the weeks after appeal for volunteers to join “Reproductive here to scapegoat young Black men as ting up a “massive physical presence” in Katrina. The current force is Freedom Summer ’06: Providing a Peaceful criminals and as somehow responsible the more heavily populated neighbor- expected to stay until mid- Presence/Jackson, Miss.” hoods of Central September, the Times-Pica- —MAGGIE TROWE City, Algiers, and yune reported. parts of Uptown. New Orleans Protesters in Boston area condemn police spokesman Steve Nicholas cop attack on youth of Asian descent told the press that “when deployed, of- BY JOHN HAWKINS ceiving a black eye and bruises. One ficers will set up a QUINCY, Massachusetts—About of the four victims was knocked un- perimeter around a 125 people rallied outside City Hall conscious. large neighborhood” here June 24 to protest the April 30 To add insult to injury, the four were where residents beating by the police of four youths of then taken to police headquarters in would be subject to Asian descent. handcuffs and charged with resisting searches and vehicle Karen Chen, Quan Manh Thin, Tat arrest and disorderly conduct. M. Yuen, and Howard Ng were on their The CPA called the rally to demand Militant/Maceo Dixon checks. Humvees used by National Guard troops in New Orleans More federal cops way home from an engagement party, that the charges against the Quincy 4, as OFFER GOOD UNTIL JULY 30 according to a statement by the Chinese they are now known, be dropped. It also Progressive Association (CPA), which called for compensation for lost wages called the rally. While the four were and other damages, suspension without in their car next to the Quincy Super pay of the cops involved in the assault, 88 Market, a state trooper approached and that the Quincy police department them. While the four were talking with issue a public apology. the officer, a Quincy police car drove The protesters, the majority youth up. Without warning one of the cops of Asian origin, held signs in Chinese Defend women’s right to choose abortion reportedly got out of the car and pepper- and English, some of which read, “I got sprayed three of them in the eyes. beaten for talking while Asian,” “Our Supporters of a woman’s In the course of the cop assault, the community is not your target practice,” right to choose abortion are CPA statement said, Chen, who is just and “Talking while Asian is not illegal.” defending abortion clinics from over five feet tall and a CPA organizer, Suzanne Lee, chairperson of the rightist attacks. The clinic was attacked by three of the cops, re- Continued on page 9 in Jackson, Mississippi—the only one in the state—is being Africa, Asia, and the Middle East: Send $65 The Militant drawn on a U.S. bank to above address. targeted for protests July 15–22 VOL. 70/NO. 26 Canada: Send Canadian $45 for one-year by the anti-abortion group Closing news date: July 5, 2006 subscription to the Militant, 2238 Dundas St. Editor and circulation director: West, Suite 201, Toronto, ON. Postal Code: Operation Save America (formerly Operation Rescue). The Argiris Malapanis M6R 3A9. ‘Militant’ will cover this fight. Don’t miss a single issue! Washington correspondent: Sam Manuel United Kingdom: £25 for one year by check or Editorial volunteers: Arrin Hawkins, international money order made out to CL Lon- Martín Koppel, Paul Pederson, and Brian don, First Floor, 120 Bethnal Green (Entrance in Williams. Brick Lane), London, E2 6DG, England. Republic of Ireland and Continental Eu- SUBSCRIBE TODAY! Published weekly except for one week in rope: £50 for one year by check or interna- January and two weeks in June. tional money order made out to CL London The Militant (ISSN 0026-3885), 306 at above address. NEW READERS W. 37th Street, 10th floor, New York, France: Send 75 euros for one-year sub- NAME NY 10018. Telephone: (212) 244-4899; scription to Diffusion du Militant, P.O. Box  Fax (212) 244-4947. 175, 23 rue Lecourbe, 75015 Paris. .$5 for 12 issues ADDRESS E-mail: [email protected] Iceland: Send 4,000 Icelandic kronur for Website: www.themilitant.com one-year subscription to the Militant, P.O. RENEWAL Correspondence concerning subscriptions or Box 233, 121 Reykjavík. CITY STATE ZIP changes of address should be addressed to the Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark: Send 400 Militant, 306 W. 37th Street, 10th floor, New Swedish kronor for one year to Bildhuggarvägen .$10 for 12 weeks York, NY 10018. 17, 12144 Johanneshov, Stockholm, Sweden. 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2 The Militant July 17, 2006 Washington, Tokyo renew ‘Canada Day Is Humiliation Day’ say threats against n. Korea Chinese-Canadian protesters and supporters BY BRIAN WILLIAMS leased in May outline sweeping changes Washington and Tokyo, along with their in Washington’s and Tokyo’s military imperialist allies in Europe, have intensi- forces in Japan and the region. fied their threats against the Democratic These include the transfer by 2014 of Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK) after the headquarters of the Third Marine the government in Pyongyang carried out Expeditionary Force—8,000 Marines ballistic missile tests July 4–5. and their 9,000 dependents—from Pyongyang reportedly tested several Okinawa, where the U.S. base is ex- types of ballistic missiles, including the tremely unpopular among the Japanese, Taepodong-2, which may be developed to a base in Guam, a U.S. colony. to hit targets as far as Alaska and the U.S. At the same time, the documents West Coast. outline steps for further shared use of According to the Washington Post, facilities between the military forces Japanese foreign minister Taro Aso of the two governments in Japan. Militant/Steve Penner announced Tokyo was considering eco- The Japanese military established a VANCOUVER, British Columbia—The BC Coalition of Head Tax Payers, nomic sanctions on the DPRK in retalia- new “joint operation system,” which Spouses, and Descendants organized a march of more than 200 in Chinatown tion for the missile testing, starting with will allow it “to respond more swiftly here July 1—Canada Day—demanding the federal government pay compensa- a six-month ban on north Korean ships and effectively” through “unified op- tion to all the families of those who paid the head tax (see photo above). Similar from entering Japanese ports. erations by the Ground, Maritime and marches took place in Calgary, Edmonton, and Montreal. U.S. national security advisor Stephen Air SDF [Self Defense Forces],” Joint Ottawa imposed the racist head tax on all Chinese immigrants between Hadley called the tests “provocative be- Staff Office chief of staff Hajime Mas- 1885 and 1923. havior.” Top officials of the European saki wrote in the March 2006 edition On June 23, Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized for the tax but refused Union and the North Atlantic Treaty of Japan Defense Focus. The changes, to give more than “symbolic payments” of $20,000 to the 35 surviving head Organization (NATO), the U.S.-led which parallel moves being made by tax payers and 360 surviving widows. military alliance of 26 states based in the Pentagon in its “transformation” The head tax was initially set at $50 for each family member. The govern- Europe, made similar statements. of the U.S. military, will improve the ment then increased it to $100 per head and in 1903 to $500. At that time the Others have used the conflict to beat “smooth conduct of bilateral actions amount was equivalent to two years’ wages. Many were forced to leave family the drums for war with the DPRK. with the U.S. military,” Massaki said. members behind, hoping to raise the money in the future. In a June 22 Washington Post column While objecting vociferously to On July 1, 1923, the federal government replaced the head tax with the William Perry and Ashton Carter, the the DPRK’s missile tests, Washing- Chinese Exclusion Act, which effectively banned all Chinese immigration until former Clinton administration secretary ton, working with the governments it was repealed in 1947. and assistant secretary of defense, respec- of Japan and other allies, has staged Chinese-Canadians have fought for more than 20 years for an official apology tively, called on Washington to attack large-scale war games in the region re- and the repayment of the $23 million (the equivalent of $1.2 billion today) to all the DPRK’s missile sites. “[T]he United cently. In June, U.S. forces conducted those who paid the head tax, their spouses, or surviving family members. States should immediately make clear its the largest such operation in that re- Sid Chan, one of the organizers of the march here, said the token payment was intention to strike and destroy the North gion since the Vietnam War, involving a “slap in the face to the people who have passed away” over the years while Korean Taepodong missile before it can three aircraft carriers, 22,000 troops, the government turned a deaf ear to their demands. Harvey Lee, a spokesman be launched,” they wrote. “This could be and 280 warplanes off Guam. for the BC Coalition, said many Chinese-Canadian families “lived in poverty for accomplished, for example, by a cruise On June 25 Washington initiated years,” while paying off crushing debts to meet the head tax requirement. missile launched from a submarine car- the Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC) ex- Marchers carried signs demanding “Justice in Our Time,” and proclaiming rying a high-explosive warhead.” ercises off Hawaii, involving the U.S. “It’s Still Humiliation Day.” Until the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed, Chi- The following day Bush administration Navy working with those of Australia, nese-Canadians called Canada Day “Humiliation Day.” Protesters also carried officials rejected the proposal. “If you’re Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, a banner proclaiming, “No one is illegal,” one of the slogans of marchers for going to launch strikes at another nation, Chile, Peru, and south Korea. The immigrant rights in the United States. you’d better be prepared to not just fire exercise includes missile-firing tests —STEVE PENNER one shot,” Vice President Richard Cheney and antisubmarine warfare. said on CNN. Tokyo and Washington have used the missile tests in north Korea as a pretext Israeli army expands attacks in Gaza to deepen their military cooperation in the region. Continued from front page Since the invasion was launched Israeli military operation should be halted In May, Washington agreed to install by the military wing of Hamas, the gov- June 27, Israeli forces have arrested 60 and the arrested PNA officials freed. an advanced radar system and the latest erning party of the Palestinian National members of Hamas. The air force has The forces holding the soldier have version of its Patriot missile system. Ac- Authority (PNA), and two other armed bombed the Interior Ministry building reportedly set as a condition for his cording to the Associated Press, Japan’s Palestinian groups. and the offices of PNA prime minister release that Tel Aviv free 1,000 of the Defense Agency announced that in light The Israeli assault has received Ismail Haniyeh, who is also a leader of 8,000 Palestinians estimated to be held of the Korean missile tests these steps Washington’s support. Hamas, as well as the offices of Fatah in Israeli jails. will now be expedited. The attacks so far have focused in Gaza. Four other Hamas officials “I would like to tell the whole world Last October, top defense and foreign on key civilian infrastructure in the were evicted from their homes in East to focus on our 8,000 prisoners and not affairs officials of the two states released densely populated area, home to 1.3 Jerusalem, including Khaled Abu just this one,” Ashraf al-Moghaari, 31, an a document after a joint meeting, titled million Palestinians. Israeli air strikes Arafa, the PNA’s minister of Jerusa- employee of the Palestinian parliament, “U.S.-Japan Alliance: Transformation destroyed the only power plant in the lem Affairs. told the Washington Post. and Realignment for the Future.” territory, and Tel Aviv cut off the only The White House has issued a state- The invasion of Palestinian territory That document and a second one re- fuel pipeline into Gaza. About half of ment demanding the release of the cap- came after a month in which Israeli at- the residents are without electricity. The tured Israeli soldier, tacitly endorsing the tacks in Gaza had increased substan- majority of Gaza’s water wells rely on Israeli military assault. “The initial goal tially. electrical pumps. should be freeing the Israeli soldier. That According to a UN report, in the month MILITANT According to a United Nations report, is key to ending the crisis,” U.S. president of June alone the Israeli Air Force assas- Israeli air force jets have been flying at George Bush told the prime minister of sinated at least 10 Palestinians whom Tel LABOR supersonic speeds low over Gaza City Turkey in a telephone message July 1, ac- Aviv accused of armed attacks on Israeli at around 4 a.m. daily since the as- cording to U.S. National Security Coun- targets. A total of 43 Palestinians, the FORUMS sault began, setting off sonic booms cil spokesman Frederick Jones, quoted in majority of them bystanders, were killed NEW YORK that break windows and terrorize the the Israeli daily Yedioth Ahronoth. in these attacks, compared to two Israeli Manhattan population. Three key bridges linking “We do not recognize the Hamas gov- soldiers killed in the June 25 raid in which Cuba Shows the Way: Lessons for U.S. Work- northern and southern Gaza have been ernment,” said White House spokesman the soldier was taken prisoner. ers Speaker: Tom Leonard, veteran leader of the destroyed by aerial bombing and all Tony Snow two days later. While citing While more than 200 homemade Socialist Workers Party. Sat., July 15. Dinner 7 p.m.; program 8 p.m. Donation: $5 dinner; roads, border outposts, and ports have U.S. and Israeli government “concern” rockets were fired by Palestinians at $5 program. 307 W. 36th St. 10th floor (near been sealed. for the conditions faced by the Palestinian targets in Israel in June prior to the 8th Ave.; take north elevators). Tel: (212) 629- Tel Aviv has used the capture of its population, he said, “it is the responsibil- invasion, nearly 650 artillery salvos 6649. soldier to put pressure on Hamas to rec- ity of Hamas to return the Israeli soldier. and 33 air strikes were conducted by ognize Israel. After elections in January, That’s how it all got started.” the Israeli military against Palestinian MINNESOTA Hamas replaced Fatah—the party led European Union president Matti Van- targets in Gaza during the same period. Saint Paul The Myth of the Neocon, Israel Lobby Con- by the late Yasir Arafat that ran the PNA hanen, Finland’s prime minister, also That does not include some 1,500 artil- spiracy. Fri., July 14, 7:30 p.m. Donation: $5. 113 since it was established in 1994—as the called for the immediate release of the lery rounds fired into Gaza since the Bernard St. E. Tel.: (651) 644-6325 ruling force in the PNA. Israeli soldier. Vanhanen added that the beginning of the current invasion. The Militant July 17, 2006 3 Families of miners killed Protesters in Miami: FBI framed ‘Liberty City 7’ underground in Kentucky demand access to inquiry BY SAM MANUEL of Stanley Sturgill at a June 27 session. WASHINGTON—Relatives and le- Sturgill, an MSHA inspector, was in gal representatives of miners killed in a the Darby No. 1 Mine May 15–17, May 20 blast at the Kentucky Darby No. days before the blast. Oppegard told 1 Mine in Harlan County, Kentucky, are the Louisville Courier-Journal that in speaking out against a decision by state interviews of 28 previous witnesses he officials to continue to exclude them had been allowed to ask both verbal from their inquiry of the disaster. and written questions. In a separate probe of the explosion, Oppegard said only three or four of investigators of the federal Mine Safety the 16 questions he submitted for Stur- AP/Wilfredo Lee and Health Administration (MSHA) gill on June 27 were asked. Those that MIAMI—Relatives of the “Liberty City Seven” joined a June 29 press con- declined to question one of the agency’s MSHA withheld, according to Oppe- ference in Liberty City—a center of the Black community here—to protest inspectors as to who had ordered the cut- gard, concerned why the miners were their arrest by the FBI a week earlier as a blatant frame up. The government ting with a torch of metal roof support cutting the metal roof support straps, has charged the seven with plotting a “terrorist conspiracy” to blow up the straps that intersected with a sealed-off such as: did MSHA tell the mine Sears Tower in Chicago and the FBI offices in Miami. The case is based on section of the mine—and why. owners to remove the straps; does the testimony of an FBI informer who reportedly entrapped the men by posing as The blast ripped through the mine in intersection of the straps with the seal a representative of al-Qaeda. As of July 5, all seven have been denied bail. Holmes Mill. According to the county violate MSHA policy? Sarah Ruth Robinett, Socialist Workers Party candidate for Florida House coroner, foreman Amon Brock and Oppegard and Johnson have said the of Representatives, District 109, which encompasses Liberty City, is cam- miner Jimmy Lee were killed by the ex- blast was likely caused when a torch paigning there. “We join with those who protest the FBI raid and arrests plosion. Miners Roy Middleton, George miners were using to cut these straps in Liberty City,” she told the Militant. “This frame up, based on ‘evidence’ Petra, and Paris Thomas Jr. survived the ignited methane gas leaking from a cooked up by one FBI snitch, shows how similar operations will be used blast but were trapped underground and seal built with substandard material. against workers fighting to organize and use our unions, protesting police suffocated from carbon monoxide. “One can only assume that MSHA brutality, or opposing Washington’s war policies. These are the ultimate “Everything needs to be out in the doesn’t want the inspector to be ques- targets of Washington’s so-called war on terror.” open,” Millie Middleton told the Mili- tioned about the main issue in this —DEBORAH LIATOS tant in a July 1 phone interview, regard- case,” Oppegard said. ing the decision by state authorities for a second time to exclude the deceased miners’ relatives, or their representa- Miner who survived Sago: ‘We expected to be rescued’ tives, from the state hearings. Millie is Continued from front page work, McCloy said. He described his ef- equipment at Sago. Roy Middleton’s mother. safety officials investigating the blast. forts to make the self-rescuer of fellow During a public hearing in May on the In announcing this decision, Chuck After a Freedom of Information Act re- roof bolter Jerry Groves function. “You disaster, MSHA district manager Kevin Wolfe, spokesman for the Kentucky quest by the Associated Press, the West put air into it, you moved it, but there Stricklin said the agency’s seismic equip- Office of Mine Safety, said he wants Virginia office of the Mine Safety and was nothing going on with it,” McCloy ment was not needed because rescuers “as sterile an environment as possible” Health Administration (MSHA) posted testified. “That’s what told me right there knew roughly where the miners were. He to encourage witnesses “to be totally its interview with McCloy on its web site it was broken. said it would have taken eight hours to get candid,” reported the Harlan Daily on June 28. “I fought with it for I don’t know how the machinery and set it up. Enterprise. Eleven workers and a foreman per- long, trying to mess with that valve, blow “But we know from the notes left by The deceased miners’ families coun- ished in the Sago explosion, one dying air through it, or anything I could do, but the men that they were alive at 4:45 p.m.,” ter that the company is represented at from the blast itself and 11 succumbing to nothing would work,” McCloy said. shot back Pam Campbell, sister-in-law of the hearings. Relatives of these miners carbon monoxide poisoning after being Finally, the men built a makeshift bar- Marty Bennett, one of the miners who and their supporters picketed the state trapped from the explosion underground ricade against the poisonous gases and died. That was more than 10 hours after and federal hearings in June to protest and while waiting for rescue crews. The smoke with plastic sheeting, the only the explosion, she noted. the exclusion. United Mine Workers of toll was the highest at a single mine in material they could find, and shared air “You failed these men,” said Bennett’s America safety official Kenny Johnson the state in nearly 40 years. from the remaining self-rescuers. As they son, Russell. “They are trained to strike and attorney Tony Oppegard, who rep- McCloy said that when the workers had been trained, they began beating on on the roof bolts and to listen for shots, resent these families, were allowed to heard the explosion they were quickly roof bolts with a sledgehammer, hoping but no one was listening.” attend the federal investigation and ask enveloped in smoke and gas. They tried to draw attention on the surface. Several families requested that the questions as a result of the protest and to exit on a mantrip, the vehicle that takes “I figured they’d bring that machine United Mine Workers of America the decision of several miners to desig- them in and out of the mine, but they soon down and would have found us, would (UMWA) represent them in the inves- nate the two as their representatives. found the vehicle’s path was blocked. have drilled the hole in the right spot tigation that followed the disaster. ICG In a departure from earlier procedure, When the miners put on their self- and would have taken us out of there,” fought the request. The company tried to MSHA investigator Richard Herndon rescuers, four of them found the devices McCloy said. “That’s what I expected. I ban UMWA representatives from mine announced that Oppegard and Johnson that are supposed to provide them with expected to hear shots fire on the roof ... property and exclude them from the un- would be limited to written questions oxygen in case of emergency did not and didn’t hear anything. derground investigation. Under pressure “We banged and banged and banged, of the relatives of the deceased miners, everyone did. We had a discussion about MSHA obtained a court injunction pro- ‘Militant’ sales brisk in Harlan County that, about how long it was going to take,” tecting the right of these families to select Continued from front page who now works in a nonunion gar- the miner testified. the representative of their choice. A fed- at Darby No. 1 Mine (see article above) ment shop. “We thought that we were going to get eral appeals court upheld that injunction bought extra copies of the Militant and rescued,” McCloy said. “And as time on June 28. The case remains open. took several subscription envelopes Sam Manuel contributed to this article. went on, it didn’t look good.” Originally scheduled for release July to sign up other people she knows. A  What the men didn’t know is that the 1, the official government report on the continuous mine machine operator who Militant supporters across the Sago mine owners, the International Coal Sago disaster has now been postponed worked at that mine also bought a sub- United States and other countries are Group (ICG), waited two hours after until July 19. scription at the crossing. organizing similar outreach efforts in the explosion before even reporting it to Meanwhile, in Harlan County, Ken- Many workers remembered the pa- July and August, which will be capped MSHA. It was 11 hours later that the first tucky, questions continue in the investi- per from two previous sales teams in off with a subscription renewal cam- rescue teams entered the mine to search gation of the Darby No. 1 mine explosion May and June. Some expressed appre- paign at the end of the summer. Please for the workers. They found the men 42 where five men died May 20 (see article ciation for the paper’s factual coverage join in. Order a bundle, if you don’t hours after the explosion. on this page). That disaster brought to 33 of the blast and the actions since then already receive one, and ask relatives, McCloy was referring to seismo- the number of U.S. coal miners killed in by relatives of the deceased miners neighbors, friends, co-workers, fel- graphic equipment at the mine to detect the first half of this year, compared to 22 demanding justice. low students, or other acquaintances the bangs on roof bolts. Such machinery who died in all of last year. Ryan Curtis, a conductor for CSX to subscribe. This is a good time too had been used successfully in 2002 at the railroad, was among 10 other workers to begin reaching out to new readers Queecreek mine in Pennsylvania to pin- Correction who subscribed at the parking lot of a whose subs are about to expire and ask point the location of coal miners trapped The article in last week’s issue, local shopping mall. “This will start them to renew. To find out how, contact underground after a flood. Rescuers then “Bipartisan support grows for Iraq to happen in other work places if the the Militant directly (see box on page drilled a hole at that spot and pulled all war,” incorrectly said that Carl unions don’t stand up,” he said. 2) or our distributors nearest you (see the trapped miners on the surface. Neither Levin is a senator from Wisconsin. “We need a strong union,” said directory on page 8). the company nor the government safety He is a senator from Michigan. Donald Massey, a former coal miner —Argiris Malapanis, Editor officials made any attempt to get any such 4 The Militant July 17, 2006 ON THE PICKET LINE Boston: pickets protest firing Alfred “Flaco” Chevere was fired the June 5. The company, a subsid- of health care workers week of June 5 for “absenteeism and iary of the British conglomerate BOSTON—Thirty people picketed tardiness.” The company is part of the FKI, is demanding workers pay in front of Children’s Hospital here Hunts Point Meat Market. Many co- a big share of their health-care June 19 to protest the firing a month workers were upset and encouraged costs. earlier of three health-care workers— Chevere to fight the firing through the Karen Salazer, financial Ana LaMarche, Nicolasa Lopez, and union, United Food and Commercial secretary of Local 90, told the Dr. Ana Ortiz. A leaflet put out by their Workers Local 342. Union representa- Militant that since their con- supporters charges the hospital owners tives, Chevere, and company represen- tract expired in March they Hilmar Bragi/www.vf.is with firing the workers as retaliation for tatives met on June 13. After the meet- had been working under the old Workers picket airport in Iceland June 25 “asserting their rights, expressing pa- ing, Robert Roman, the shop steward, agreement. The majority of the tients’ and colleagues’ concerns and for announced to workers, “Flaco will be workers rejected two takeback offers claims, several hundred workers at IGS trying to organize a union.” LaMarche, back on Monday.” from the bosses. Then the company, Ground Services at the international Lopez, and Ortiz have been involved Earlier this year the union also suc- which makes window locks and as- airport here walked off the job June in the fight for immigrant rights and ceeded in winning Kevin Carr’s job semblies, refused further negotiations 25 between 5:00 and 8:00 a.m. Workers against unjust working conditions. back after the company fired him for and locked them out. Truth Hardware point to low wages, heavy workloads, They have also filed charges challeng- “insubordination.” Roman said, “All the then bused in 35 scabs from a nonunion long hours, and poor safety conditions ing their dismissal with the National hard times we had on strike to win the plant in Minnesota. The scabs left after as the reasons for the action. Labor Relations Board. union a few years ago is paying off.” two and a half weeks, and the plant is A prominent demand of the union- —Ted Leonard —Dan Fein now being run by managers and office ists is to end a new shift system called personnel, Salazer said. The workers “Time Care.” Workers are sent home for have been receiving solidarity from four to six hours and then have to return New York: union wins back Pennsylvania: locked-out workers area unions. to finish their shift. Fifteen-hour shifts job of fired meat packer fight attacks on health care —John Studer are not uncommon. Further job actions BRONX, New York—For the sec- HAZLETON, Pennsylvania—The are planned unless workers’ demands ond time this year workers’ solidarity Truth Hardware manufacturing plant Iceland: Airport workers are met. If the company fires anyone, succeeded in winning back a job for a here locked out the 109 members of conduct three-hour walkout “we will all stand by our co-worker,” co-worker dismissed at Garden Manor Local 90 of the Glass, Molders, Pottery, KEFLAVÍK, Iceland—Defying said ramp worker Gints Liepins. Farms, a meat processing plant here. Plastics and Allied Workers Union on company threats of firings and damage —Ögmundur Jónsson Mayor in Pennsylvania city promotes anti-immigrant measures BY JOHN STUDER new industry, including a number of council must approve Barletta’s pro- City officials admit that many of the HAZLETON, Pennsylvania—Louis meatpacking companies, the largest of posals at three successive meetings to proposed measures in the ordinance Barletta, the mayor of this northeast which is an Excel packing plant. Thou- become law. are unenforceable. Barring the use of Pennsylvania town of 30,000, has cata- sands of immigrants, many originally “We need to organize some protests Spanish in city forms, for example, is pulted himself into the national debate from the Dominican Republic, moved now,” José Lechuga, who runs a gro- illegal. in bourgeois politics over immigration to the area in search of work. City of- cery store and restaurant on Wyoming, “The real goal of the anti-immigrant policy. In June, the mayor published an ficials estimate that the population of told the Militant. He has hung two large drive is not to drive undocumented “Open Letter” and introduced a series Hazleton is now 30 percent immigrant Mexican flags outside his stores. Le- workers out of the area or the coun- of anti-immigrant measures before the workers. chuga mentioned that there were no try, but instead to force them into an city council here. “The Latino community feels very organized actions in Hazleton as part underground, semi-legal status that “We want to make this the toughest offended and betrayed,” Anna Arias, of the nationwide wave of demonstra- opens the door for superexploitation city in the country for illegal aliens,” president of the Hazleton Area Latino tions April 10 and May 1. and attacks against unionization,” Barletta said, attempting to scapegoat Association, told the Hazleton Stan- “What would Barletta do if he was Martin Santiago, Socialist Workers undocumented workers as the cause of dard-Speaker. mayor in Miami or another big city?” Party candidate for U.S. Congress economic problems facing native-born A number of young people gathered asked Jasmin Espinal, a bodega man- in Philadelphia’s 2nd CD, told the workers. June 25 at the Sandwiches Cibaeña ager on Wyoming. “He’d have to put media. The mayor’s proposed “Illegal take-out shop on Wyoming Avenue, up with us or move. We ain’t going “This campaign flies in the face of Immigration Relief Act Ordinance,” the center of the city’s Latino com- nowhere.” the massive actions that took place in states, “Illegal immigration leads to munity. They said they were organiz- “I’m proud to speak Spanish and I’ll April and May,” Santiago said, “which higher crime rates, contributes to ing to attend and speak out at the next die speaking it,” said Hazleton resident inspired undocumented and native- overcrowded classrooms and failing city council meeting on July 13. The Armando Rodríguez. born workers alike.” schools, subjects our hospital to fiscal hardship and legal residents to sub- standard quality of care, and destroys our neighborhoods and diminishes our 25, 50, AND 75 YEARS AGO overall quality of life.” The measure would deny a license to do business in the city to any company that “aids and abets” undocumented immigrant workers, including by hir- July 17, 1981 July 16, 1956 July 18, 1931 ing them. It also makes it illegal for MANAGUA—A series of terrorist More than 100,000 Japanese jammed The latest reports arriving from Ger- landlords to rent to a worker without raids by armed counterrevolutionaries a downtown Tokyo park on July 4 in a many indicate that the adoption of the proper papers. It declares English to has left sixteen Nicaraguans dead in five-hour demonstration against viola- Hoover plan has not achieved the task it be the official language of Hazleton less than two weeks. tion of Japan’s independence by U.S. proclaimed for itself. The internal situa- and bars the use of Spanish on any city The most serious incident came in imperialism. While the crowd listened tion, instead of being relieved has been forms or documents. the early morning hours of June 23, to speeches denouncing U.S. retention greatly aggravated. The delay brought Barletta has been featured on doz- when a gang of thirty Somozaists of military bases on Okinawa, a U.S. about by the negotiations between the ens of interviews across the country, crossed the Honduran border and heavy cruiser in the harbor boomed a Americans and the French has called including FOX News, CNN, and ABC killed seven people in the township 21-gun “salute to independence day.” forth an unprecedented flight of capi- radio. of Panamá, thirty kilometers from the The demonstration was part of a tal from Germany, nearly $500,000,000 A bipartisan group of five state rep- northern Nicaraguan city of Somoto. mounting wave of popular protests leaving the country within the period resentatives brought Barletta to join In a June 23 speech paying homage which began about three weeks ago with of the last ten weeks. The collapse of them in a press conference in Harris- to the seven dead in the Panamá at- the leaking in Washington of the Price the Danat Bank, the financial institu- burg, the state capital, on June 20 to tack, Commander Humberto Ortega, report. Supposedly designed to “rectify tion most intimately bound up with the announce the filing of a set of bills to minister of defense, announced that some injustices attending United States rise of German imperialism and the deepen the attacks on undocumented new laws against counterrevolution- Army rental of land in Okinawa used subsequent bank holiday have brought workers. The legislators have dubbed ary maneuvers were under consider- for military bases,” the report actually in their wake something resembling a their collections of bills “National Se- ation. supports measures making the military little earthquake in central European curity Begins at Home.” Ortega said that the decapitalization occupation of Japanese territory offi- finances. The mark is not being quoted The population of Hazleton, once of enterprises should also be viewed cially permanent. The anti-U.S. feeling at all on several exchanges. In Belgium, an anthracite coalmining center, was as counterrevolutionary action. He is so strong in Japan now that even the Hungary and other European countries, projected by the U.S. Census in 2000 declared that the government would conservative capitalist politicians are especially in Central Europe where na- to decline. Then a series of industrial have to find the arms necessary for the forced to make speeches denouncing tional banks are also crashing, German parks opened and the area attracted people to defend the revolution. U.S. occupation of Okinawa. currency is not accepted for payment. The Militant July 17, 2006 5 How Chinese, Japanese immigrants resisted discrimination in U.S.

The following is based on a talk the West whenever we were seen as a presented by Milton Chee, a rail threat in the job market, especially worker in San Francisco and member at times of economic depression and of Pathfinder’s Printing Project, at an during elections. An important part April 22 meeting in New York to discuss of this movement was the California and promote the book Our History Is Workingmen’s Party, whose single Still Being Written: The Story of platform plank was “The Chinese must Three Chinese-Cuban Generals in the go.” In July 1877 a three-day riot broke Cuban Revolution, published by Path- out in San Francisco in which a number Chinese workers in 1877 filling in base of trestle along Sierra Nevada mountains near finder Press in January (see ad below). of Chinese died and much property was Sacramento, California, using pick, shovel, wheelbarrow, and one-horse carts. Copyright © 2006 by the Militant. destroyed. Much is made of the cultural and ra- line with the existing miscegenation inequality between rich and poor. BY MILTON CHEE cial differences setting Chinese apart The fight by working people for im- laws of the time. “That’s what made it possible for the from the rest of U.S. society, but in the In 1913, the state of California passed migrant rights today has led to renewed son of Chinese immigrants to become a end it was the economic needs of capital the Alien Land Law preventing land interest in the decades of discriminatory government representative, or anything that drove down the wages and standard ownership by non-natives. treatment faced by Chinese and Japa- else. Here discrimination—against of living of all workers. Resistance to anti-Asian discrimi- nese laborers when they first came to the blacks, against Chinese, against women, Chinese workers with experience in nation included strikes by Japanese United States more than 100 years ago. against the poor—was ended. Cubans explosives and construction were used plantation workers in 1909 in Hawaii. The first wave of Chinese to arrive of Chinese descent are integrated. to lay the roadbed and rails of the Cen- Japanese workers also joined 3,000 here came in response to the California “To historians and others who want to tral Pacific Railroad from Sacramento Filipino workers on strike there in 1920, Gold Rush in the mid-1850s. Emigration study the question, I say that you have eastward through the Sierra Nevada involving 8,300 workers, or 77 percent from China in this period was organized to understand that the Chinese commu- mountains and Utah, including during of the workforce. as a replacement for the banned African nity here in Cuba is different from Peru, the dead of two winters. The agricultur- With the outbreak of World War II, slave trade. Facing displacement and Brazil, Argentina, or Canada. al skills and know-how of these workers President Franklin Roosevelt issued unemployment at home, Chinese mi- “And that difference is the triumph of were also used to drain the swamplands Executive Order 9066 banning Japa- grated to places as close as Singapore a socialist revolution.” and carve out the winery caves. nese and Japanese-Americans from and Australia, and as far away as the After the Union Pacific Railroad was the West Coast states, supposedly to United States, Cuba, and Peru. They completed, Chinese rail builders were keep that portion of the population faced horrendous conditions on the ships NEWLY REFORMATED employed throughout the Pacific North- from being agents of Tokyo during they sailed in, which were as hideous as west and other places in the United wartime. Most of them were U.S. citi- & REPRINITED the death ships of the slave trade. States to build railroads. zens, a large portion children, because a Upon arrival, these Chinese laborers WITH LARGER TYPE After the completion of these rail- majority were born in the United States. faced racial and even deadly discrimi- roads, many moved back to San Francis- The infamous concentration camps for AND INDEXES nation in the gold fields. Amongst the co and other major cities with Chinese Japanese-Americans were the result of many anti-Chinese laws to be passed communities where they sought jobs in Roosevelt’s order. New International #10: was the Foreign Miners’ Tax. It gave restaurants, laundries, and other small After the war not one case of treason Imperialism’s March Toward the tax collector indiscriminate power businesses. Or they went into fields as or espionage was ever brought up. A Fascism and War to collect and re-collect the tax despite farm laborers. Some went to Cuba to fill major impact of the removal of Japa- by Jack Barnes claims from miners born abroad that the demand for sugar plantation labor. nese-Americans from the West Coast they had already paid up. Local ordi- After the 1906 San Francisco earth- Also includes: was the loss of their lucrative farm * What the 1987 Stock nances, state laws, and court rulings quake and fire, city authorities planned holdings and businesses. These were were capped by the passage of the Market Crash Foretold to rebuild by relocating Chinatown sold off for fractions of their value, * Defending Cuba, anti-Chinese act barring immigration since it occupied highly valued real es- Defending Cubaʼs and were absorbed into the holdings of by by Chinese workers in 1882. This law, tate. The Chinese community quickly Socialist Revolution California’s capitalist class. Mary-Alice Waters known as the Chinese Exclusion Act, reoccupied its original area, forestalling The ability and spirit to fight against remained in effect until 1943. * The Curve of Capi- the takeover attempt. racist oppression and exploitation— by Leon Trotsky Among the many instances of discrim- talist Development One positive outcome of the earth- which the previous generations of $14.00 ination, one that stands out to me is the quake was the destruction of civil Chinese and other Asian immigrants case tried in 1854, People vs. Hall, of a records, making it impossible to prove showed—is manifest even more today New International #11: California white man accused of murder who was a citizen and who was not. in the proletarian demonstrations for U.S. Imperialism Has Lost the in which the prosecution’s star witness These fights by Chinese workers immigrants rights and recognition. Cold War was a Chinese. The murderer appealed and small businessmen are little noted Reaching out for solidarity, getting by Jack Barnes his conviction based on the California in U.S. history books, resulting in the it, and demanding more—including Also includes: statute that Blacks and Indians could false image of a docile, restrained com- through political strikes demanding not testify against a Caucasian. Hall’s * The Communist munity. from the government legalization for all Strategy of Party by defense extended this to cover all non- immigrants—shows the way forward Building Today Discrimination against Japanese Mary-Alice Waters whites, arguing that the Chinese witness for all working people. had no standing to testify against him. Similar forms of racial oppression * Socialism: A Viable It is this road—not that of the Califor- by José Ramón and economic exploitation were used Option The California Supreme Court agreed nia Workingmen’s Party, which sought Balaguer against other Asian immigrants. and overturned the conviction. This be- racist exclusion and ultimately relied came the legal basis of the saying, “You Japanese immigrants arrived in the * Young Socialists Manifesto on bourgeois politics—that can lead * Ours Is the Epoch of World United States in large numbers between by Jack Barnes and Mary- haven’t got a Chinaman’s chance.” to the ending of national oppression Revolution 1890 and 1915, seeking employment first Alice Waters and class exploitation of all workers $15.00 Anti-Chinese pogroms in the fields and service jobs, and later and farmers. Teamster Rebellion Anti-Chinese pogroms would sweep spreading into specialized farming and by Farrell Dobbs other small businesses. Cuba’s socialist revolution Leading up to World The 1934 strikes that In the book Our History Is Still Being built the industrial Our History War II, Japanese im- Written, Sio Wong, one of the Chinese- union movement in is still being written migrants had become Cuban generals, states, “What’s the Minneapolis, re- successful in truck and difference in the experience of Chinese counted by a central THE STORY OF THREE chicken farming, with in Cuba and other countries of the dias- leader of that battle. CHINESE-CUBAN GENERALS IN a few even becoming pora? The difference is that here a social- The first in a four- THE CUBAN REVOLUTION millionaires. However, ist revolution took place. The revolution volume series on the class-struggle leader- ARMANDO CHOY like the Chinese, Japa- eliminated discrimination based on the ship of the strikes and GUSTAVO CHUI nese were outlawed color of a person’s skin. Above all, it organizing drives that MOISÉS SÍO WONG from inter-marrying eliminated the property relations that transformed the Teamsters union in $19 Order online today. $20 with Caucasians, in create not only economic but also social much of the Midwest. ORDER ONLINE AT

WWW.PATHFINDERPRESS.COM WWW.PATHFINDERPRESS.COM

6 The Militant July 17, 2006 Supreme Court ruling New York: Protesters demand release of Puerto Rican patriot Antonio Camacho Continued from front page the 2001 Congressional resolution July 4 recess. “activated the President’s war powers,” Minority leader Harry Reid said he procedures for trying Hamdan and other wants to work with the White House on Guantánamo prisoners already exist in crafting such a bill. the Uniform Code of Military Justice. It In the 5-3 decision, Hamdan v. Rums- stated that the president could proceed feld, the court said the military commis- with military commissions if it either sions, as structured by the administration, asked Congress for specific authorization lack legislative authorization and violate to do so or followed the rules of regular the Uniform Code of Military Justice military courts-martial. (UCMJ), and the Geneva Conventions. The court ruled that the proposed mili- The Supreme Court decision came on tary trials would violate international law appeal by Salim Ahmed Hamdan, a Ye- by barring defendants from the proceed- meni who was captured during the 2001 ings and from learning what evidence U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan. Ham- was presented against them. dan is alleged to have been a driver and bodyguard for al-Qaeda leader Osama Administration to seek legislation bin Laden. In June 2002 Hamdan was Asked about the ruling during a June transported to the Guantánamo prison 29 press conference with Japanese prime camp. A year later the Bush adminis- minister Junichiro Koizumi, Bush said Militant/Marshall Lambie tration designated Hamdan for trial by the ruling did not mean he had to release NEW YORK—Dozens protested at the Federal Building here June 29 de- a military commission. Later he was anyone from Guantánamo. The high manding the release of Puerto Rican political prisoner Antonio Camacho charged with one count of “conspiracy” court decision, he said, provides “a way Negrón. Although he already spent 15 years in U.S. prisons for his actions for “terrorism.” The U.S. government is forward with military tribunals” through in support of independence for Puerto Rico from U.S. colonial rule, the FBI seeking military trials against 14 of some working with Congress. re-arrested him March 28 in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Camacho was trans- ferred from the federal prison in San Juan to Atlanta, and is now locked up 490 individuals being held at Guantána- At the Justice Department’s briefing, in Philadelphia. His defenders report he is in the “hole” and is being denied mo Bay. Most have been locked up for senior administration officials said the visits and needed medication. Protest letters should be sent to the Federal court decision “emphasized that these more than four years without charges. Detention Center, 700 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106; fax: (215) 521- A week after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks problems can be cured and invited the 7220; e-mail: phl/[email protected], or call (215) 521-4000. on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, president and Congress to do just that.” —OLGA RODRIGUEZ Congress passed a resolution declaring In his concurring opinion, Justice Ste- that the President is authorized to use all phen Breyer wrote, “Nothing prevents necessary and appropriate force against the president from returning to Congress than continue having his policies struck Constitutional Rights, said of the rul- those “nations, organizations, or persons to seek the authority he believes neces- down, President Bush should find a way ing. The center represents hundreds of he determines planned, authorized, com- sary.” to prosecute the war on terror within the those jailed at Guantánamo. mitted, or aided” the attacks. Arlen Specter, a Republican and chair bounds of the law.” A Times news article The Authorization for Use of Military of the Senate Judiciary Committee, in- said the ruling was “a historic event, a Different praise by conservatives Force, as it is known, gave the president troduced a bill to do just that and said defining moment.” A June 30 Wall Street Journal op- “specific statutory authorization” to act his committee would hold a hearing on “Today’s decision is a victory for the ed column by David Rivkin and Lee along these lines on the basis of the War it July 11. rule of law in the United States,” said Casey, lawyers who served in the ad- Powers Resolution. The Bush adminis- Anthony Romero, Executive Director of ministrations of Ronald Reagan and tration has argued that this included the Praise of ruling by liberals the American Civil Liberties Union. George Bush Sr., noted that the court power to convene military tribunals. Applauding the ruling, the New York “It doesn’t get any better” Michael agreed that military commissions “can, The Supreme Court ruled that while Times editors said June 30, “Rather Ratner, president of the Center for in appropriate circumstances, be used to try and punish individuals captured in the war on terror.” Socialists Workers launch Minnesota campaign They said the judges did not ques- Continued from front page lor, 33, also a meat packer, for governor.  tion the government’s authority to working people worldwide to fight for Taylor has been a leader in the coalition Supporters of the Socialist Workers jail Hamdan, “or other Guantánamo the interests of workers, farmers, and in the Twin Cities that has organized campaign in New York begin petitioning prisoners, while hostilities continue. other exploited producers. We need this marches to demand legalization for all July 11, aiming to collect 30,000 signa- Nor did any of them suggest that Mr. unity to advance struggles by workers to immigrants. Supporters of the Socialist tures—double the state requirement—in Hamdan, or any other Guantánamo organize unions and use union power to Workers campaign have set a goal of two weeks to put the SWP ticket on the detainee, must be treated as civilians effectively resist the bosses’ attacks on gathering 4,600 signatures by July 18 to ballot in that state for the November and accorded a speedy trial in the civil- wages, working conditions, dignity, and place the two candidates on the ballot in elections (for the socialist ticket in New ian courts.” The ruling, they concluded, safety on the job.” Minnesota. York see list below of SWP candidates “vindicates the basic legal architecture SWP campaign supporters “got a The Socialist Workers ticket also in- across the United States who have been relied upon by the administration in positive response today to what we were cludes Nelson Gonzalez, 56, for Lt. Gov- announced so far). Those who would like prosecuting this war.” campaigning for from a mix of people, of ernor; Julian Santana, 25, and a member to help can contact the different ages, occupations, and origins,” of the Young Socialists, for U.S. Congress SWP campaign head- Socialist Workers Party candidates in 2006 Williamson said. in the 5th C.D., based in Minneapolis; quarters in Manhat- “We are the only candidates in Min- and Tom Fiske, 62, for U.S. Congress in tan at 306 W. 37th St., Florida Bernie Senter, U.S. Senate nesota calling for withdrawing U.S. the 4th C.D., based in St. Paul. 10th floor, New York, Omari Musa, Governor and all other occupation troops from NY 10018; Tel: (212) Margaret Trowe, U.S. Cong. 18th CD Iraq and Afghanistan now, without Tom Fiske contributed to this article. 736-2540. Eric Simpson, U.S. Cong., 17th CD any conditions,” she added. “We are Ruth Robinett, Fl. State Rep. D. 109 the only candidates saying U.S. hands Minnesota Rebecca Williamson, U.S. Senate off Venezuela and Cuba and opposing Brian Taylor, Governor Washington’s sanctions and threats of Nelson Gonzalez, Lt. Governor military action against Iran and north Tom Fiske, U.S. Congr. 4th CD Korea.” Julian Santana, U.S. Cong. 5th CD Williamson’s opponents include New Jersey Angela Lariscy, U.S. Senate* Republican Mark Kennedy, currently a Brian Williams, U.S. Cong. 13th CD* member of the U.S. House of Representa- New York Róger Calero, U.S. Senate tives in Minnesota’s 6th Congressional Maura DeLuca, Governor District (C.D.); Amy Klobucher, the Ben O’Shaughnessy, Lt. Governor Hennepin County prosecutor, of the DFL; Martín Koppel, Attorney General Robert Fitzgerald of the Independence Willie Cotton, State Comptroller Party, which was founded by supporters Nancy Boyasko, U.S. Cong. 11th CD of millionaire Ross Perot in the 1990s Texas Amanda Ulman, U.S. Senate (renamed the Reform Party for a period, José Aravena, Governor it elected Jesse Ventura as Minnesota Anthony Dutrow, U.S. Cong. 18th CD

governor in 1998); and Michael Cavlan, Militant/Arrin Hawkins Militant/Dan Fein Washington David Rosenfeld, U.S. Senate a registered nurse, with the Greens. Maura DeLuca (left) and Róger Calero, Socialist Workers candidates Connie Allen, U.S. Cong. 7th CD The SWP ticket includes Brian Tay- for governor and U.S. Senator, respectively, in New York. *Confirmed on ballot

The Militant July 17, 2005 7 Fascism grows out of capitalist system in crisis Below is an excerpt from Capitalism’s movement begin to engage in battles World Disorder: Working-Class Politics to defend our living standards and at the Millennium. The French- and our unions, growing numbers within English-language editions of this book the ruling class, often reluctantly, will are part of Pathfinder’s Books of the begin to provide financial and political Month in July. This book contains a se- support to the fascists. They will un- ries of talks by Jack Barnes, national leash the energy of the ultraright in the secretary of the Socialist Workers Party, streets, against striking workers, labor covering the vast changes in world gatherings, social protests, and organi- politics at the turn of the century. The zations of the oppressed. They will use excerpt below is taken from the talk whatever force and violence is necessary “Capitalism’s Deadly World Disorder,” to deny enough democratic rights to the presented April 10, 1993, in a regional majority of working people, eventually, to preserve the privileges of the upper middle class and maintain capitalist rule…. BOOKS OF The workers movement must explain that capitalism is the source of the cri- THE MONTH Socialist Workers Party members and supporters organized united front demonstration sis; it must organize the toilers in a at New York German Consulate December 1938 to protest anti-Semitic pogroms. revolutionary struggle to take power out of the hands of the exploiters and socialist educational conference in establish a workers and farmers gov- Greensboro, North Carolina, and the fascist movements in this century, [Pat- discourse, often with a smile. ernment. It must present convincing following day to a similar gathering in rick] Buchanan does not begin by taking The polarization in the “culture war” answers, a working-class alternative, Des Moines, Iowa. It describes the rise on the working class directly. He begins declared by Buchanan and other ultra- to the demagogy of the Buchanans and of incipient fascist movements in the by targeting other bourgeois politicians rightists takes many forms: chauvinist the others. Because if labor does not do United States, including one led by ul- in both parties—those part of, or soft anti-foreigner agitation, racist assaults so—if it offers those being crushed by trarightist politician Patrick Buchanan, on, the “establishment elite”—both lib- on affirmative action, vulgar attacks on the capitalist crisis no effective way to and outlines a working-class course to erals and conservatives. He goes after women’s social equality, half-hidden fight, and then seems to flub the chances fight them. Copyright © 1999 by Path- the dominant ruling circles in the bour- but virulent outbursts of Jew-hatred, we have to win—we will shove potential finder Press. Reprinted by permission. geois parties, accusing them of letting fearful prejudices against homosexu- down America; tolerating corruption in als. These incipient fascist forces are class allies into the hands of the rightists. the hallways of power while failing to vocal advocates of the cops, like those And the working class will be divided BY JACK BARNES maintain law and order on Main Street; currently on trial in Los Angeles for and defeated in blood. As with other tribunes of incipient and living privileged lives while more brutally beating Rodney King; fascist This polarization will accelerate the and more “ordinary American work- movements always draw many of their seriousness of workers and youth who ing people” are pushed to the wall. He cadres from the cops. There will be no come into politics. Young fighters de- presents himself as the voice of those limit to the pornographic overtones of spise the assaults on human solidarity by BOOKS working men and women—“the folk.” their demagogy, as they claim to offer the ultraright, assaults that stand against OF THE MONTH Buchanan aggressively defines who a road to bring a “decadent” society out everything they are reaching for. And “Americans” are—and (more venom- of its crisis. growing numbers of workers, regardless ously) who they are not. This is the These reactionary positions have no of their own current political views, will PATHFINDER aim of his obscene anti-immigrant logical evolution or rational content. see the need to guarantee space for fel- demagogy. This is the content of his cal- They are a collection and recombina- low workers with whom they are fight- READERS CLUB 25% DISCOUNT culated and thinly veiled anti-Semitic tion of refuse from the past, floating ing shoulder to shoulder—whether these SPECIALS forays, aimed especially against Jews on out from the backwaters of class his- workers are communist or whatever—to Wall Street or in top government posts. tory…. raise and discuss their ideas and for all Capitalism’sJuly World Disorder Buchanan is a master of the politics of As the capitalist social crisis deep- workers to consider where the crisis is The social devastations and financial resentment and the coarsening of civil ens, and the working class and labor heading and what we can do about it. panic, the coarsening of politics and acts of impe- rialist aggression are the product not of something gone wrong but the lawful IF YOU LIKE THIS PAPER, LOOK US UP workings of capitalism. 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8 The Militant July 17, 2006 STATEMENT BY SWP CANDIDATES Puerto Rico Continued from front page Release all Guantánamo prisoners now! ing people of severe “belt-tightening” ahead. The following statement was issued July 4 by Róger Guantánamo concentration camp, the purpose of The government and both colonial parties—the Calero and Maura DeLuca, SWP candidates for U.S. Washington’s “long war” against “terror” is to defend pro-Commonwealth Popular Democratic Party (PPD), Senator and governor of New York, respectively. the interests of the tiny billionaire class that rules the which controls the governor’s office, and the pro-state- United States. The U.S. capitalists seek to beat down hood New Progressive Party (PNP), which dominates We demand that the U.S. government immediately obstacles to their profit-driven quest for control of Congress—have used the $740 million budget deficit release the hundreds of prisoners locked up under brutal markets, resources, and territory around the world. as a club to impose a sales tax. The U.S. bond rating conditions at its naval base at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. Their offensive abroad is an extension of their attacks agency Moody’s gave them a hand by downgrading Our campaign opposes Washington’s plans to conduct at home on the wages, job conditions, and rights work- Puerto Rican government bonds to junk status. drumhead trials against some of these prisoners, deny- ers and farmers need to defend their livelihoods. Both parties have wrangled over the exact amount of ing them the most elementary rights. Such moves, car- In preparation for anticipated resistance to these as- the tax, each posturing as acting out of concern for work- ried out in the name of the “war on terrorism,” will be saults, the U.S. rulers are taking steps to curtail workers’ ers. PPD leaders, claiming to be worried about having used to attack the rights of working people. rights under the banner of “homeland defense.” This enough funds to pay public employees, said a 7 percent The Supreme Court ruling in the case of Salim Ahmed includes stepped-up domestic use of the military, most tax would be “a victory for the Puerto Rican people.” Hamdan helps further the U.S. capitalist rulers’ so-called recently the National Guard deployment to the border PNP officials proposed a tax of “only” 5.5 percent “so as war on terror. It asks the White House to adjust its pro- with Mexico to back up la migra and to New Orleans not to harm irreparably our working class,” as House of cedures for military trials and urges closer collaboration to “fight crime.” It includes immigration bill provisions Representatives president José Aponte put it. The dispute with Congress to provide legislative sanction for such that lay the groundwork for a national ID card for all U.S. has gone to the island’s Supreme Court for resolution. attacks on basic rights. In this way the court decision residents. It includes further centralization of domestic The government lockout surprised many of the legitimizes the use of military tribunals as star-chamber spying against those protesting government policies. leaders of Puerto Rico’s unions, who acted as if the proceedings. It does not question the government’s au- Likewise, military courts, secret trials, and “preven- administration was bluffing when it threatened mass thority to maintain its Guantánamo prison camp and hold tive” detentions that deny basic democratic protections layoffs. The unions organized protests, including one prisoners there indefinitely as “enemy combatants.” are ultimately aimed against working people. on May 1, calling for more taxes on corporations. Nearly 500 people have been imprisoned there for The Socialist Workers Party campaign calls on work- Starting on July 1, Puerto Rico’s water and sanita- more than four years, isolated from the outside world, ing people to oppose military tribunals. We demand tion authority raised residential water service rates most without charges. Washington already has on its that Washington immediately release all those jailed by 38 percent. The agency said it was seeking to hands the deaths of three prisoners who, under these at Guantánamo, close the prison camp, and withdraw become “self-sufficient” and no longer dependent inhuman conditions, committed suicide last month. completely from Guantánamo, which is Cuban territory on government subsidies. From the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq to the occupied against the will of that sovereign nation. U.S. colonial rule in Puerto Rico has meant a dete- riorating water system. In a telling acknowledgment of these conditions, the water utility said the rate increase would help improve delivery for some of the 70,000 households with “deficient” service. Deficient was de- Boston-area rally protests cop brutality fined as “not having water for three or more days a week,” Continued from page 2 hardly a coincidence,” she said. the San Juan daily El Nuevo Día reported July 1. The rate hike is only the latest in a series of austerity CPA’s board, was among the speakers at the rally. Pre- Other speakers included Boston city councilor measures pushed by the Puerto Rican government and sentations were translated into English and Chinese. “Is Chuck Turner, Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Washington, including other utility rate increases, moves it a crime that we don’t look white?” asked Lee. “Some representative Chuck Walker, Chinatown Residents to slash government jobs, and university tuition hikes. people even in our community think that these youth Association spokesperson Henry Yee, and a parent of must have done something wrong. But we know that the Somerville 5—African-American youth recently Union leaders jailed is not the case. Unprovoked police attacks occur all too assaulted and charged by cops in that municipality Two weeks before the water rate increase, a fed- often against Asians and other people of color.” north of here. eral court in Puerto Rico convicted and jailed 10 Lee called on those present to turn out in large More than 70 supporters of the Quincy 4 attended former top officials of the Independent Authentic numbers for a preliminary hearing June 27. the June 27 preliminary hearing on the charges against Union (UIA), the water workers union, on charges Rally co-chairperson Zenobia Lai pointed out that the youth. Claiming she had not had a chance to re- of misappropriation of the union’s health-care fund. the attack took place on the eve of the massive May view the case, the district attorney asked for a post- In October 2004, during a hard-fought strike by the 1 nationwide actions for immigrant rights. “This is ponement. The new date for the hearing is July 26. UIA against the water authority’s proposal to turn over the medical plan to a private outfit, FBI agents had raided the union headquarters and carted off files, LETTERS which they used to prosecute the union officers. East Timor dependence, and to shore up stability against Arch Coal by the widow and Spokespeople for U.S. capitalists, for whom Puerto The article “Australian troops in- for the pro-imperialist government in minor child of Gary Merrill, a miner Rico serves as a profitable source of superexploited la- tervene in East Timor” in the June Jakarta and broader imperialist influ- who died there in 1998, after a roof bor to produce pharmaceuticals and other manufactured 19 Militant stated that Indonesian ence and investments in the region. fall. goods, have used the “fiscal crisis” to call for a more open forces occupied East Timor in 1975, Another article in the May 8 Mili- Walter Blades assault on what the British magazine The Economist despite ongoing resistance. Because of tant said “the rulers of Australia now Birmingham, Alabama called Puerto Rico’s “oversized welfare state.” illusions here over Canberra’s preten- regard [the Solomon Islands] as ‘in In a May 27 article titled “Trouble on Welfare Is- sions to be a “savior” of East Timorese their back yard.’” But the Australian Cuban libraries land,” the Economist article complained that Puerto independence by its 1999 and 2006 rulers have always arrogantly re- Rico, where manufacturing accounts for 42 percent military interventions, an important garded the southwest Pacific as part Congratulations for your work in of economic output, has become less competitive as a point needs to be explained. of their profiteering domain. defense of Cuban libraries—the real source of profits than Ireland, south Korea, and other Timor Leste was briefly indepen- Ron Poulsen ones, not the fake ones—and for that semicolonial nations. The reason, it said, was “gener- dent as Portuguese colonial forces Sydney, Australia terrific article by Jonathan Silberman ous” federal payments. Noting that “around 30% of the withdrew in 1975. Australia’s rulers (“Librarians answer smear campaign territory’s jobs are in the public sector,” it called for an reacted with alarm at the prospect of against Cuban gov’t” in June 19 offensive against a “coddled bureaucracy”—meaning an independent government arising Darby No. 1 Mine Militant), which is much appreciated the unions, which in Puerto Rico are concentrated on their doorstep out of resistance by While selling the Militant at the here in Cuba. It was picked up and among public employees. working people to colonial rule. Pittsburg and Midway coal mine distributed by Cubarte, an important Washington’s social welfare measures were instituted The subsequent takeover of Timor near Birmingham, Alabama, a miner, newsletter on the island’s politics and after World War II to guarantee social stability, under- Leste by the semicolonial military originally from Harlan County, Ken- culture that is widely distributed. cut the independence movement, and make Puerto Rico regime in Jakarta was a proxy inva- tucky, made a correction to the first Readers interested in Cuba might a lucrative source of investment. Even after cutbacks sion for imperialism, not “Indonesian article on the recent mine disaster in want to subscribe to their weekly bul- over the past decade, federal payments that include food expansionism.” Jakarta’s belligerence Harlan County. He said the Darby No. letin where the Militant article was stamps and housing subsidies make up more than 20 was encouraged, aided, and abetted 1 Mine where the blast took place was posted (http://www.cubarte.cult.cu/ percent of total personal income on the island. by the governments of Australia, New owned by the Napier family, not by eng/index.php). “The result is lots of idle poor,” the Economist Zealand, and the United States. Arch Minerals (which owns Lone Walter Lippmann stated. “Many families do not view the federal The 25-year-long Indonesian oc- Mountain Processing). Havana, Cuba handouts as temporary.” cupation received full imperialist A quick research showed the mine The business magazine reported that annual in- backing. After the military regime in used to be owned by Arch Minerals. The letters column is an open come per person was $12,000 in 2004, less than half Jakarta crumbled, the East Timorese But since May 18, 2001, the license forum for all viewpoints on that of Mississippi, the poorest U.S. state. More than people seized the moment and voted to operate the Darby No. 1 Mine subjects of interest to working 48 percent of Puerto Rico’s people remain under the for independence in 1999. Australia’s has been issued to Ralph Napier. My people. Please keep your letters federal poverty line—a proportion nearly four times rulers, backed by Washington, made search also brought up a whole slough brief. Where necessary they will higher than in the United States. a shift to avert a deeper crisis. Austra- of lawsuits and MSHA fines related be abridged. Please indicate if you Joblessness is officially 12 percent, and the real fig- lian, New Zealand, and other troops to safety violations at that mine, in- prefer that your initials be used ure is much higher if it includes discouraged workers intervened to allow emasculated in- cluding a December 2004 legal filing rather than your full name. who have given up actively looking for work. The Militant July 17, 2006 9