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Chagas Disease in Northeast of Brazil: Findings from a Systematic

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Chagas Disease in Northeast of Brazil: Findings from a Systematic ISSN: 2447-2301 REVISÃO / REVIEW / REVISIÓN Chagas disease in Northeast of Brazil: Findings from a systematic review of literature Doença de chagas no Nordeste do Brasil: conclusões de uma revisão sistemática da literatura Enfermedad de chagas en el Noreste de Brasil: hallazgos de una revisión sistemática de la literature Danielle Misael de Sousa ¹ Alice Helena Ricardo-Silva² Simone Patricia Carneiro de Freitas³ Filipe Anibal Carvalho Costa4 Helena Keiko Toma5 Angelita Alves de Carvalho6 Jacenir Reis Dos Santos Mallet7 Descriptors ABSTRACT Among the infectious diseases related to poverty, Chagas' disease is a disease that affects about 6 to 8 million people Intestinal parasites. Neglected in America. Its etiologic agent is the Trypanosoma cruzi protozoan, which is transmitted by hematophagous vectors of the Triatominae (Reduviidae) subfamily. In Brazil, vectorial transmission has declined in recent years. However, it is diseases. Environment. of utmost importance to constantly monitor and control the vectors of this disease, because it is still possible to find Tuberculosis. natural foci of triatomines in all geographic regions of the country. The Northeast of Brazil is the region where Chagas disease occurs endemically and has large outbreaks of transmission and still has the highest number of vectors captured Descritores in Brazil, accounting for more than half of the total attributed to the country. In addition, the Northeast continues to Parasitas intestinais. Doenças be one of the poorest regions of the country, with a large number of houses that proliferatetriatomines. Considering negligenciadas. Ambiente. the importance of the Northeast region for the panorama of Chagas' disease in Brazil, this article makes a systematic Tuberculose. review of the literature (RBS) to analyze aspects of the transmission cycle of T. cruzi, in relation to triatomine species, Chagas and the mammals involved in studies contemplating the Northeast region of Brazil and its states. Descriptores RESUMO Parásitos intestinales.Enfermedades Entre as doenças infecciosas relacionadas à pobreza, a doença de Chagas é uma doença que afeta cerca de 6 a 8 olvidadas. Medio ambiente. milhões de pessoas na América. Seu agente etiológico é o protozoário Trypanosoma cruzi, que é transmitido por vetores hematófagos da subfamília Triatominae (Reduviidae). No Brasil, a transmissão vetorial diminuiu nos últimos Tuberculosis. anos. No entanto, é de extrema importância monitorar e controlar constantemente os vetores desta doença, pois ainda é possível encontrar focos naturais de triatomíneos em todas as regiões geográficas do país. O Nordeste do Brasil é a região onde a doença de Chagas ocorre endemicamente e apresenta grandes surtos de transmissão e ainda possui o maior número de vetores capturados no Brasil, representando mais de metade do total atribuído ao país. Além disso, o Nordeste continua sendo uma das regiões mais pobres do país, com um grande número de casas que proliferam Sources of funding: No triatomíneos. Considerando a importância da região Nordeste para o panorama da doença de Chagas no Brasil, este Conflict of interest: No artigo faz uma revisão sistemática da literatura (RBS) para analisar aspectos do ciclo de transmissão de T. cruzi, em Date of first submission: 2017-01-17 relação às espécies de triatomíneos, Chagas e mamíferos envolvidos em estudos que contemplam a região Nordeste do Brasil e seus estados. Accepted: 2018-02-26 Publishing: 2018-05-11 RESUMEN Entre las enfermedades infecciosas relacionadas con la pobreza, la enfermedad de Chagas es una enfermedad que afecta a entre 6 y 8 millones de personas en América. Su agente etiológico es el protozoario Trypanosoma cruzi, que es transmitido por vectores hematófagos de la subfamilia Triatominae (Reduviidae). En Brasil, la transmisión vectorial disminuyó en los últimos años. Sin embargo, es de extrema importancia monitorear y controlar constantemente los vectores de esta enfermedad, pues todavía es posible encontrar focos naturales de triatominos en todas las regiones geográficas del país. El Nordeste de Brasil es la región donde la enfermedad de Chagas ocurre endémicamente y presenta grandes brotes de transmisión y aún posee el mayor número de vectores capturados en Brasil, representando más de la mitad del total atribuido al país. Además, el Nordeste sigue siendo una de las regiones más pobres del país, Corresponding Address con un gran número de casas que proliferan triatomíneas. En este artículo se hace una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RBS) para analizar aspectos del ciclo de transmisión de T. cruzi, en relación a las especies de triatominos, Danielle Misael Chagas y mamíferos implicados en la región Nordeste para el panorama de la enfermedad de Chagas en Brasil, en estudios que contemplan la región Nordeste de Brasil y sus estados. Email:[email protected] Endereço: Avenida Brasil,- Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, 5ºandar, ¹Médica Veterinária - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) ²Bióloga - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) sala 16 - Manguinhos – Rio de Janeiro/RJ ³Bióloga- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) 4Pesquisador Titular, Médico - Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) 5Docente, Bióloga - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) 6Docente - Escola Nacional de Ciências Estatísticas (ENCE) 7Pesquisadora Titular, Bióloga, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC) Inglish ReonFacema. 2018 4(Esp):952-964. 952 ISSN: 2447-2301 Sousa, DM et al. Chagas disease in Northeast of Brazil: Findings from a ... INTRODUCTION Considering the importance of Northeast region for the panorama of Chagas disease in Brazil, this article Among infectious diseases related to poverty, makes a systematic literature review (RBS) in order to Chagas disease is an illness that affects about 6 to 8 million analyze aspects of the transmission cycle of T. cruzi , people in America (1). The etiological agent of Chagas with regard to species of triatominae, epidemiology of disease is the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi which Chagas disease and the mammalian hosts involved from is transmitted by hematophagous vectorsof the subfamily studies that have considered Northeast region of Brazil Triatominae (Reduviidae). Despite the vector-borne and its states. transmission of Chagas disease see declining in recent years, it is important that Brazil maintains constant METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS surveillance operation and control of vectors of this disease because it is still possible to find natural foci of triatominae This study was carried out by means of RBS, in all geographic regions of the country (2). which according to (6), is characterized by a Northeast of Brazil is the macroregion where comprehensive literature search of all potentially Chagas disease has more endemic occurrence. And their relevant papers and the use of explicit and repeatable different physiographic subregions contain several species criteria of selection, inclusion and exclusion of papers for of triatominae(3). This region has an important highlight review. In this technique of scientific research, the because it features large foci of transmission and still has selected works are analyzed from different categories the largest number of vectors captured in Brazil, and their results are synthesized and interpreted. representing almost 70% of total assigned to the country. In Among various research techniques, RBS is the addition, Northeast region remains as one of the poorest only one that enables the analysis of a wider range of regions of the country, with large amount of houses which publications and so to make a general overview of more proliferate triatominae, is the epicenter of dispersion of important scientific production, in this case, about two species of unwieldy control (Triatoma brasiliensis and Chagas disease in Northeast region of Brazil, in particular Triatoma pseudomaculata) (4). in the State of Ceará. From this research technique it Recently, the study of (5)showed that Northeast seeks to identify important characteristics related to region still has the largest number of cases, as well as the Chagas disease such as: most common sites of higher rate of prevalence of Chagas disease in Brazil, investigation, prevalence of disease, types of hosts, main despite the various measures for vector control. Authors vectors and their biological and ecological also pointed to a large predominance of published studies characteristics. on seroprevalence relative to the State of Piauí, suggesting In this study, one chose to make a RBS known as a low and nascent literature on carriers of Chagas disease qualitative, i.e it does not include statistical analyses of in remaining states of the region. the empirical evidence found. The analysis was made Northeast region has an important characteristic from a thematic synthesis and description of the papers for the cycle of Chagas disease, because it presents major analyzed (7 – 8). foci of transmission and still has the largest number of The systematic review conducted was divided triatominae captured in Brazil, representing almost 70% of into the following phases: the total assigned to the country. In addition, Northeast Phase 1 - Guidelines for search: It was used as the basis region remains as one of the poorest regions of the country, of searching for papers Portal de Periódicos da Capes with large amount of houses which proliferate triatominae, (Journal Portal from Coordination of Improvement of is the epicenter of dispersion of two species of unwieldy Higher Education Personnel (Capes)), since this portal control, Triatoma
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  • Triatominae Bugs
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