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Samanli Dağlari'nin Liken Çeşitliliğinin Kantitatif Yöntemlerle Incelenmesi

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Samanli Dağlari'nin Liken Çeşitliliğinin Kantitatif Yöntemlerle Incelenmesi SAMANLI DAĞLARI'NIN LİKEN ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN KANTİTATİF YÖNTEMLERLE İNCELENMESİ Yılmaz YAVUZ Doktora Tezi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Mayıs-2016 SAMANLI DAĞLARI'NIN LİKEN ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN KANTİTATİF YÖNTEMLERLE İNCELENMESİ Yılmaz YAVUZ DOKTORA TEZİ Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. Ayşen TÜRK Eskişehir Anadolu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Mayıs, 2016 Bu Tez Çalışması BAP Komisyonunca kabul edilen 1307F287 no.lu proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir. JÜRİ VE ENSTİTÜ ONAYI Yılmaz Yavuz'un “Samanlı Dağları'nın Liken Çeşitliliğinin Kantitatif Yöntemlerle İncelenmesi” başlıklı tezi 12.05.2016 tarihinde aşağıdaki jüri tarafından değerlendirilerek “Anadolu Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim-Öğretim ve Sınav Yönetmeliği”nin ilgili maddeleri uyarınca, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalında, Doktora Tezi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Adı-Soyadı İmza Üye (Tez Danışmanı) : Prof. Dr. AYŞEN TÜRK …………… Üye : Prof. Dr. ŞULE ÖZTÜRK …………… Üye : Doç. Dr. M. GÖKHAN HALICI …….……… Üye : Doç. Dr. MEHMET CANDAN ……….…… Üye : Doç. Dr. TURGAY TAY …….……… …….…………….……… Enstitü Müdürü ÖZET SAMANLI DAĞLARI'NIN LİKEN ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİNİN KANTİTATİF YÖNTEMLERLE İNCELENMESİ Yılmaz YAVUZ Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Mayıs, 2016 Danışman: Prof. Dr. Ayşen TÜRK Bu çalışma Samanlı Dağları’nın liken ve likenikol çeşitliliğini belirlenmesi ve kantitatif yöntemlerle değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Liken ve likenikol mantar örneklerinin teşhisi sonucunda 65 lokaliteden 33 ordo, 61 familya ve 142 cinse ait 390 tür ve türaltı takson tespit edilmiştir. Bu taksonlardan Abrothallus suecicus (Kirschst.) Nordin, Amandinea lecideina (H. Mayrhofer & Poelt) Scheid. & H. Mayrhofer, Anisomeridium biforme (Borrer) R.C. Harris, Arthonia spadicea Leight., Bacidina neosquamulosa (Aptroot & Herk) S. Ekman, Candelariella xanthostigmoides (Müll. Arg.) R.W. Rogers, Catillaria picila (A. Massal.) Coppins, Illosporiopsis christiansenii (B.L. Brady & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw., Lecanora stenotropa Nyl., Marchandiomyces corallinus (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw., Micarea subnigrata (Nyl.) Coppins & H. Kilias, Paranectria oropensis (Ces. ex Rabenh.) D. Hawksw. & Piroz., Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tønsberg, Rinodina polyspora Th. Fr., Strigula jamesii (Swinscow) R. C. Harris, Thelidium minutulum Körb. eldeki verilere göre Türkiye için yeni kayıttır. Çalışma alanında yayılış gösteren likenlerin dağılışı Ekolojik İndikatör Değerleri göz önüne alınarak kantitatif olarak incelenmiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Liken, Likenikol Mantar, Samanlı Dağları, Ekolojik İndikatör Değeri, Biyoçeşitlilik iii ABSTRACT ANALYSIS OF OF SAMANLI MOUNTAINS LICHEN DIVERSITY WITH QUANTITATIVE METHODS Yılmaz YAVUZ Department of Biology Anadolu University, Graduate School of Sciences, May, 2016 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ayşen TÜRK This study conducted to determine the Samanlı Mountains lichen and lichenicolous diversity and evaluate by quantitative methods. As a result of identification of lichens and lichenicolous fungi samples from 65 localities 390 species and subspecies were identified belonging to 33 orders, 61 families and 142 genera. Of these taxa Abrothallus suecicus (Kirschst.) Nordin, Amandinea lecideina (H. Mayrhofer & Poelt) Scheid. & H. Mayrhofer, Anisomeridium biforme (Borrer) R.C. Harris, Arthonia spadicea Leight., Bacidina neosquamulosa (Aptroot & Herk) S. Ekman, Candelariella xanthostigmoides (Müll. Arg.) R.W. Rogers, Catillaria picila (A. Massal.) Coppins, Illosporiopsis christiansenii (B.L. Brady & D. Hawksw.) D. Hawksw., Lecanora stenotropa Nyl., Marchandiomyces corallinus (Roberge) Diederich & D. Hawksw., Micarea subnigrata (Nyl.) Coppins & H. Kilias, Paranectria oropensis (Ces. ex Rabenh.) D. Hawksw. & Piroz., Placynthiella dasaea (Stirt.) Tønsberg, Rinodina polyspora Th. Fr., Strigula jamesii (Swinscow) R. C. Harris, Thelidium minutulum Körb., according to the available data, are new records for Turkey. The distribution of lichens which spread in the study area were analyzed quantitatively considering Ecological Indicator Values. Keywords: Lichen, Lichenicolous Fungi, Samanlı Mountains, Ecological Indicator Values, Biodiversity iv TEŞEKKÜR Doktora çalışmam boyunca gerek ders aşamasında gerek tez aşamasında bana yol gösteren, likenlerle tanışmama ve sevmeme vesile olan kıymetli danışmanım Prof. Dr. Ayşen Türk’e en içten teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Tez izleme komitemde bulunarak görüşleriyle tezime yön veren Doç. Dr. Mehmet Candan ve Doç. Dr. Turgay Tay’a ve tez konumu belirlemede yardımcı olan Doç. Dr. Harun Böcük’e teşekkür ederim. Teşhis edilen türlerin kontrolü için yaptığım Almanya ziyaretinde bana evini açan, misafirperverliğiyle ve çalışma disipliniyle beni kendisine hayran bırakan, türlerin tayini ve kontrolünde yardımcı olan Dr. Volker John’a sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Bazı türlerin tayininde ve şüpheli türlerin kontrolünde yardımlarını esirgemeyen Araş. Gör. Dr. Seyhan Oran’a ve Dr. Wolfgang von Brackel’e çok teşekkür ederim. Literatür paylaşımı ve güler yüzüyle manevi desteğini hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen Yar. Doç. Dr. Özge Tufan Çetin’e teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Arazi çalışmalarımın tamamına katılarak tezimin tamamlanmasında büyük rol oynayan sevgili dostum Ümit Hacıoğlu’na ve bir kısmında bize eşlik eden Eren Türkoğlu’na çok teşekkür ederim. Doktora tez çalışması şüphesiz sabır gerektiren uzun bir yol. Özellikle kadrosuz olarak yapıldığında sadece çekenin bileceği, sonu gözükmeyen, karanlık ve çileli bir yol. Bu uzun ve çileli yolculuğum boyunca en karanlık günlerimde ışığım olan üç güzel insana, sözlüm Betül Uluuysal’a annem Hatice Yavuz’a ve babam Hüseyin Yavuz’a sonsuz teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Siz olmasaydınız bu tez olmazdı. Yılmaz YAVUZ Mayıs-2016 v 27/06/2016 ETİK İLKE VE KURALLARA UYGUNLUK BEYANNAMESİ Bu tezin bana ait, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmamın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarda bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallara uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilemeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; bu çalışmanın Anadolu Üniversitesi tarafından kullanılan “bilimsel intihal tespit programı”yla tarandığını ve hiçbir şekilde “intihal içermediğini” beyan ederim. Herhangi bir zamanda, çalışmamla ilgili yaptığım bu beyana aykırı bir durumun saptanması durumunda, ortaya çıkacak tüm ahlaki ve hukuki sonuçlara razı olduğumu bildiririm. Yılmaz Yavuz vi İÇİNDEKİLER BAŞLIK SAYFASI ....................................................................................................................i JÜRİ VE ENSTİTÜ ONAYI ................................................................................................... ii ÖZET ....................................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ..............................................................................................................................iv TEŞEKKÜR .............................................................................................................................. v ETİK İLKE VE KURALLARA UYGUNLUK BEYANNAMESİ ......................................vi ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ .................................................................................................................ix ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ ...........................................................................................................xi SİMGELER DİZİNİ .............................................................................................................. xii 1. GİRİŞ ..................................................................................................................................... 1 2. ÇALIŞMA ALANININ TANITIMI .................................................................................... 9 2.1. Çalışma Alanının Coğrafik Durumu ............................................................................ 9 2.2. Coğrafik ve Jeolojik karakterler ................................................................................ 10 2.3. Jeolojik Yapı ................................................................................................................. 10 2.4. İklim Özellikleri ........................................................................................................... 13 2.5. Toprak Özellikleri ........................................................................................................ 15 2.6. Vejetasyon ..................................................................................................................... 15 3. MATERYAL YÖNTEM .................................................................................................... 18 3.1. Materyal ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.2. Yöntem .......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1. Toplama yöntemi ................................................................................................ ...18 3.2.2. Tayin yöntemi ..................................................................................................... ...18 3.2.3. Verilerin değerlendirilmesi ................................................................................ ...19 3.2.4. Liken örneklerinin toplandığı lokaliteler ......................................................... .. 21 4. BULGULAR .......................................................................................................................
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