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We Would Like to Dedicate This Book to the Memory of (1927-1988), on The We would like to dedicate this book to the memory of PROFESSOR ZYGMUNT TOBOLEWSKI (1927-1988), on the 60th anniversary of the release of his first scientific publication regarding the lichens in the area of Łagowo in Lubusz Land Książkę tę poświęcamy pamięci PROFESORA ZYGMUNTA TOBOLEWSKIEGO (1927-1988) w 60. rocznicę ukazania się Jego pierwszej publikacji naukowej dotyczącej porostów okolic Łagowa na Ziemi Lubuskiej E. Piasecki University School of Physical Education in Poznań, Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wielkopolski, Laboratory of Biology and Nature Protection Regional Directorate National Forests Zielona Góra, Forest Inspectorate in Lubsko, Forest Promotional Complex „Bory Lubuskie” Polish Botanical Society - Lichenological Section Lichen protection - Lichen protected species Editor by Ludwik Lipnicki Gorzów Wlkp. – Lubsko 0 Recenzenci: Prof. dr hab. Krystyna Czyżewska Prof. dr hab. Stanisław Cieśliński Prof. dr hab. Wiesław Fałtynowicz Korekta Agnieszka Lipnicka Książka wydana dzięki wsparciu finansowemu Wojewódzkiego Funduszu Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej w Zielonej Górze Druk CONTENTS Perface 7 Przedmowa 9 Why conserve lichens? – Mark R. D. Seaward Protection of lichen species in Poland – governmental legal acts – Ludwik Lipnicki Legally protected species of lichen-forming fungi in Hungary – Edit Farkas, László Lőkös & Katalin Molnár Practical protection of lichens in Poland – experience from the years 99−0 – Ludwik Lipnicki Lichen protection needs natural forest disturbances – examples from some polish Western Carpathian national parks – Paweł Czarnota The lichen biota of Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. , Lions Rump (King George Island) – Maria Olech & Agnieszka Słaby Molecular approaches in conservation of lichens – Beata Guzow-Krzemińska Chemical and molecular methods and their impact on the estimation of threat status of lichens in Poland – Martin Kukwa The preliminary study of the chemical variation of the protected lichen species Ramalina farinacea in Poland – Anna Zduńczyk Challenges of saxicolous lichens conservation a case study of the carpathians foothills – Lucyna Śliwa & Beata Krzewicka Lichens of zinc-lead post-mining areas in the Olkusz region – state of preservation, threats and needs for protection – Urszula Bielczyk The first nature monument for the protection of lichens in the West Pomerania Province – Robert Janczar Small mid-forest and mid-field peat bogs as a refuge of rare and protected lichen species – Hanna Wójciak, Danuta Urban Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the ecological use ‘Wësków Bagna’ in the Wdzydzki Landscape Park (N Poland) – Agnieszka Kowalewska The lichens of ‘Mierkowskie Suche Bory’ nature reserve – Ludwik Lipnicki & Piotr Grochowski Cladonio-Pinetum forests near Kodeń – their natural values and need for protection – Hanna Wójciak & Danuta Urban The conservation status of Cladonio-Pinetum (Juraszek 97) in Mazowiecki Landscape Park and adjacent areas (Poland) – Piotr Zaniewski, Alica Dingová, Milan Valachovič & Małgorzata Wierzbicka The protected and threatened lichens on the bark ofLarix decidua in the selected localities in the middle part of Western Poland – Ludwik Lipnicki, Piotr Grochowski & Wojciech Gruszka Usnea and Bryoria on Larix decidua in the Wkrzańska Forest – Robert Janczar, Tomasz Liśkiewicz Secondary succession with the participation of protected species of lichens in the charred areas of the Forest Inspectorate of Lubsko – Piotr Grochowski The lichen biota of protected territories in Ryazan Region (Central Russia) - E.E. Muchnik & L.A. Konoreva The condition of lichen biota in “Świnia Góra” Nature Reserve (Kielecko-Sandomierska Upland) – Anna Łubek Lichens of the “Kruczy Kamień” nature reserve in the Góry Kamienne Mountains (Central Sudety Mountains) – Katarzyna Szczepańska Protected and threatened lichens in the Wzniesienia Łódzkie Landscape Park (Central Poland) – Mariusz Hachułka The threatened and protected species of lichens in the River Bug Valley Landscape Park – Beata Jastrzębska Protected and threatened lichen species of the Nidzica Primeval Forest (N Poland) – Dariusz Kubiak The protected and threatened lichens of the roadside trees Krajeński Lakeland – Wojciech Gruszka New records of lichenized and lichenicolous fungi from Tatra National Park (W Carpathians) – Paweł Czarnota Red list of threatened lichens in the Bieszczady National Park – Robert Kościelniak Protected and threatened lichens in the city of Toruń – Edyta Adamska State and changes of protected and threatened lichen biota in Bielsko-Biała against background of the adjacent areas – Dominika Bielec The value of larch (Larix Mill.) plantations for the protection of threatened lichens in southern East Germany and adjacent areas – Volker Otte Threats of lichens of anthropogenic rock substrates in the surroundings of the medieval castles in the Sudety Mts – Katarzyna Pietrzykowska Protected and threatened lichens of the alpine and subalpine belts in Babia Góra massif – Michał Węgrzyn, Maja Lisowska & Agnieszka Słaby Protection of lichen species along roadside tree rows in the region of Warmia and Mazury – Rafał Szymczyk, Anna Zalewska & Justyna Szydłowska Protected and threatened lichens in petroleum and natural gas extraction region KRNiGZ LMG (Lubiatów, Międzychód, Grotów) – Ludwik Lipnicki, Piotr Grochowski & Wojciech Gruszka Genetic variability of photobionts in Polish populations of the endangered species Lasallia pustulata (L.) Mérat. – A.D. Sadowska-Deś, J. Otte & I. Schmitt Threatened and protected species of the genus Caloplaca in Poland – Karina Wilk A genus Lyromma (Lyrommataceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Bolivia – Adam Flakus & Edit Farkas The Endangered Lichen Flora of Copper Shale Spoil Heaps in Germany – PeterScholz PREFACE Lichens, i.e. lichenified fungi, are the fixed components of almost all known eco- systems. Despite the diversity of their morphological and ecological forms as well as their capability of colonising extreme habitants, they remain generally little- known. Unnoticed, they live next to us and usually, also unnoticed, they disappear or die out as a result of the changes, which directly or indirectly are caused by anthropopression. This problem has already been noticed and discussed by liche- nologists for years. Postulates on the need to protect this group of organisms have also appeared. However, very rarely have they found any understanding among the persons and institutions directly responsible for the management of natural resources. In order to educate about the scale of the danger to these organisms, national and local Red Lists of endangered lichens have been created. The data included in them have been, to a great extent, the basis for the setting forth of the subsequent protective postulates. So far only in several countries have lichens been granted the status of legally protected organisms - on the basis of provisions in legal statutes. Poland has significant achievements within this sphere. The number and extent of the legally protected species lists have been defined, approved and released to the public from many years. The formation of facilities, wherein the main objects of legal protection are lichens and the main task is the preservation of the popula- tions of endangered species and species under extinction, is unprecedented. This follows the understanding of the biocenotic role of these organisms, the aware- ness of the fact that there are no unnecessary and redundant organisms growing in nature. Proper functioning of the ecosystems depends on the presence of all, directly or indirectly connected, elements. Such elements also include lichens. On the other hand, on the basis of the peculiar “feedback”, in the well preserved and little distorted ecosystems there are proper conditions for the existence of various populations forming permanent communities. This is the main reason why the best preserved and the most abundant populations of the endangered lichens grow in the natural wilderness forests. Certainly, the presence of these lichens, similar- ly as of other organisms, is concurrently the guarantee of sustainability of these forests. The same phenomenon may be described in relation to the epilithic lichens, growing on natural rocks. A great number of lichenologists conduct research in the national and landscape parks as well as nature reserves. The lichens constitute the natural component only of the superficial legally protected places. This direction of research enables familiarisation in detail with the dynamics and conditions of vegetation of the most complex lichens in the damaged environments to a lesser extent than any- where else. Many papers included in this book are devoted to this issue. Proper interpretation of the results of these studies constitutes the basis for covering with protection not only the subsequent parts of forests or peat lands, but also, for instance, buffer and road strips in the strongly economically transformed areas 7 where lichens are also present. This will be the protection of places - the peculiar refugium - from which the most sensitive and endangered lichens “will be able to return” to the forest ecosystems when the hazards to their vegetation currently present there have been eliminated. Such phenomena of “returns” of the lichens are already a fact and they also constitute the subject of several papers included in this book. Some of the authors - mainly in understanding with the representatives of the forest administration – provide information on their activities
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