Timeline of Events: English–French Rivalry H

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5.2.4 Timeline of Events: English–French Rivalry h Year Event Consequences 1710 Port-Royal in Acadia (Nova Scotia) is captured by the English and becomes Annapolis Royal. 1713 Treaty of Utrecht ends war between English and French in Europe. England controls Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Hudson’s Bay and the surrounding land. France keeps Québec, the Ohio and Mississippi valleys and its forts in western Canada. 1713 French establish Louisbourg on Cape Breton Island (Île Royale). 1749 English under Edward Cornwallis establish Halifax. 1750 French build Fort Beauséjour in New Brunswick and launch attacks against the English. 1754 French force defeats an English force under George Washington near Fort Duquesne in the Ohio Valley. 1755 English forces under Robert Monckton defeat Acadians at Fort Beauséjour. 1755 First deportation of Acadians from Grand-Pré in Nova Scotia. (page 1 of 2) 5.2.4 Timeline of Events: English–French Rivalry h Year Event Consequences 1756 Seven Years’ war begins in Europe. 1757 French General Montcalm and First Nations allies capture Fort William Henry in New York. 1758 July 26―Fortress of Louisbourg surrenders to the English for the last time and is destroyed. 1758 Fort Frontenac on lake Ontario is captured by British troops, cutting off French supplies to the west and to the Ohio Valley. 1759 September 18―English conquer Québec in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham. 1760 English conquer Montréal. French defeat the English at Sainte-Foy. 1763 February 10―Treaty of Paris ends the Seven Years’ War. France surrenders all of Nouvelle-France and Acadia except for St. Pierre and Miquelon. Québec, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island become British colonies. 1763 Royal Proclamation assures the protection of all Indian lands in North America. (page 2 of 2) .

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1 The Siege of Fort Beauséjour by Chris M. Hand Notes Early Conflict in Nova Scotia 1604-1749. By the end of the 1600’s the area was decidedly French. 1713 Treaty of Utrecht After nearly 25 years of continuous war, France ceded Acadia to Britain. French and English disagreed over what actually made up Acadia. The British claimed all of Acadia, the current province of New Brunswick and parts of the current state of Maine. The French conceded Nova Scotia proper but refused to concede what is now New Brunswick and northern Maine, as well as modern Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton. They also chose to limit British ownership along the Chignecto Isthmus and also harboured ambitions to win back the peninsula and most of the Acadian settlers who, after 1713, became subjects of the British Crown. The defacto frontier lay along the Chignecto Isthmus which separates the Bay of Fundy from the Northumberland Strait on the north. Without the Isthmus and the river system to the west, France’s greatest colony along the St. Lawrence River would be completely cut off from November to April. Chignecto was the halfway house between Quebec and Louisbourg. 1721 Paul Mascarene, British governor of Nova Scotia, suggested that a small fort could be built on the neck with a garrison of 150 men. a) one atthe ridge of land at the Acadian town of Beaubassin (now Fort Lawrence) or b) one more west on the more prominent Beauséjour ridge. This never happened because British were busy fighting Mi’kmaq who were incited and abetted by the French.
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