Adoption of Intercropping with Mango by the Farmers of Bagha Upazila Under Rajshahi District
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ADOPTION OF INTERCROPPING WITH MANGO BY THE FARMERS OF BAGHA UPAZILA UNDER RAJSHAHI DISTRICT MD. SAKINUR ISLAM DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION AND INFORMATION SYSTEM SHER-E-BANGLA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY SHER-E-BANGLA NAGAR, DHAKA-1207 JUNE, 2017 i ADOPTION OF INTERCROPPING WITH MANGO BY THE FARMERS OF BAGHA UPAZILA UNDER RAJSHAHI DISTRICT By MD. SAKINUR ISLAM Registration No.: 11-04577 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION Semester: January - June, 2017 Approved by …….….………………..….…. ……………..……..…… (Prof. M. Zahidul Haque) (Md. Mahbubul Alam, Ph.D) Supervisor Co-Supervisor and Dept. of Agril. Ext. and Info. System Associate Professor Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Dept. of Agril. Ext. and Info. System Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University ………………………………… (Md. Mahbubul Alam, Ph.D) Associate Prof essor and Chairman Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System 2 Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “ADOPTION OF INTERCROPPING WITH MANGO BY THE FARMERS OF BAGHA UPAZILA UNDER RAJSHAHI DISTRICT” submitted to the faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (MS) in Agricultural Extension, embodies the result of a piece of bona fide research work carried out by Md. Sakinur Islam, Registration No. 11-04577, under my supervision and guidance. No part of this thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. I further certify that any help or sources of information, as has been availed of during the course of investigation have been duly acknowledged. ………..……………………….… (Prof. M. Zahidul Haque) Supervisor Dept. of Agril. Ext. and Info. System Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University iii DEDICATION DEDICATED TO MY BELOVED PARENTS iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises, thanks and gratitude are due to the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, the Almighty Allah for his grace bestowed upon the author for accomplishing this research study. With boundless love and appreciation, the researcher would like to extend his heartfelt gratitude and appreciation to all who helped him bring this study into reality. In particular, the researcher takes the opportunity to express thanks to his respectable supervisor Prof. M. Zahidul Haque, Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, for his noble guidance, constructive criticism, constant stimulation and encouragement thorough supervision during the course of preparation of this thesis, without which this work would not have been possible. For his unwavering support, I am truly grateful. His insight and practical skill have left a distinct mark on this work. The author deems it a proud privilege to express his deep sense of gratitude, sincere appreciation and immense thanks to his co-supervisor Md. Mahbubul Alam, PhD, Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, for his continuous guidance, cooperation, constructive criticism and helpful suggestions in carrying out the research work and preparation of this thesis, without his intense co- operation this work would not have been possible. The author extends his sincere thanks to all academic and support staffs of the Department of Agricultural Extension and Information System, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University for their valuable suggestions and help during the whole period of study. Heartfelt thanks and appreciations are also expressed to the Upazila Agriculture Officer and SAAO of Bagha upazila for their benevolent help and cooperation in data collection period. The researcher is especially grateful to all the respondents in the study area for their cooperation and help in accomplishing the objectives of this research work. The Researcher v LIST OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TITLE PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF CONTENTS vi-viii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF APPENDIX x ABBREVIATIONS AND GLOSSARY xi ABSTRACT xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1-8 1.1 General Background 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem 2 1.3 Specific Objectives of the Study 4 1.4 Limitations of the Study 4 1.5 Justification of the Study 5 1.6 Assumptions of the Study 5 1.7 Definition of Important Terms 6 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9-18 2.1 Review of Literature on General Context of 9 Adoption 2.2 Relationship of the selected characteristics of the 10 farmers with their extent of adoption of intercropping 2.3 Conceptual Framework of the Study 17 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 19-30 3.1 Locale of the Study 19 3.2 Population and Sample of the Study 19 3.2.1 Population 19 3.2.2 Determination of sample size 19 3.2.3 Distribution of the population and sample 20 3.3 Research Instrument 22 3.4 Collection of Data 23 vi CHAPTER TITLE PAGE 3.5 Variables 23 3.5.1 Independent variables 23 3.5.2 Measurement of independent variables 23 3.5.3 Dependent Variable 27 3.5.3.1 Measurement of dependent variable 27 3.6 Statement of Hypothesis 29 3.7 Data Processing and Analysis 29 3.8 Statistical Treatments 30 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 31-42 4.1 Adoption of intercrop 31 4.2 Characteristics of the Farmers 31 4.2.1 Age 32 4.2.2 Education 33 4.2.3 Family size 34 4.2.4 Income from mango and intercrop 34 4.2.5 Training Received 35 4.2.6 Cosmopoliteness 35 4.2.7 Organizational Participation 36 4.2.8 Innovativeness 36 4.2.9 Credit received 37 4.2.10 Extent of advice seeking 37 4.2.11 Crop diversification 38 4.3 The Contribution of the Selected Characteristics of the Respondents to their adoption of intercrop 39 CHAPTER V SUMMARY OF FNDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND 43-47 RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Major Findings 43 5.1.1 Adoption of intercrop 43 5.1.2 Selected characteristics of the farmers 43 5.1.3 Factors related to the adoption of intercropping with 44 mango farmers vii CHAPTER TITLE PAGE 5.2 Conclusions 45 5.3 Recommendations 46 5.3.1 Recommendations for policy implications 46 5.3.2 Recommendations for further study 47 REFERENCES 48-55 APPENDIX-I 56-61 APPENDIX-II 62 viii LIST OF TABLES TABLE TITLE PAGE 3.1 Distribution of the population, sample and reserve list 20 4.1 Distribution of the farmers according to their adoption of 31 intercrop 4.2 Selected Characteristics of the farmers 32 4.3 Distribution of the farmers according to their age 33 4.4 Distribution of the farmers according to their education 33 4.5 Distribution of the farmers according to their farm size 34 4.6 Distribution of the farmers according to their income from 34 mango and intercropping 4.7 Distribution of the farmers according to their training 35 received 4.8 Distribution of the farmers according to their cosmopoliteness 36 4.9 Distribution of the farmers according to their organizational 36 participation 4.10 Distribution of the farmers according to their innovativeness 37 4.11 Distribution of the farmers according to their credit received 37 4.12 Distribution of the farmers according to their extent of advice 38 seeking 4.13 Distribution of the farmers according to their crop 38 diversification Multiple regression coefficients of contributing factors related 4.14 39 to the adoption of intercrop ix LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE PAGE 2.1 The conceptual framework of the study 18 3.1 Map of Rajshahi district 21 3.2 Map of Rajshahi district showing Bagha upazila 21 3.3 Map of Bagha upazila showing the study area 22 LIST OF APPENDIX APPENDIX TITLE PAGE NO. APPENDIX-I English Version of the Interview Schedule 56-61 APPENDIX-II Pictures of data collection 62 xi x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Aabbreviation Full word Ag. Ext. Ed. Agricultural Extension Education Ag. Ext. and Info. Sys. Agricultural Extension and Information System AIS Agriculture Information Service AEO Agricultural Extension Officer AAEO Assistant Agricultural Extension Officer β Beta co-efficient BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BEC Bangladesh Economic Census BINA Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture BRRI Bangladesh Rice Research Institute DAE Department of Agricultural Extension FAO Food and Agriculture Organization HYV High Yielding Variety NGO Non-Government Organization SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences xiixi ADOPTION OF INTERCROPPING WITH MANGO BY THE FARMERS OF BAGHA UPAZILA UNDER RAJSHAHI DISTRICT ABSTRACT The specific purpose of the study was to determine the extent of adoption of intercropping with mango. Attempts were also made to determine and describe the selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of mango growers, and to explore their contribution to the extent of adoption of intercropping with mango. Bagha upazila of Rajshahi district was purposively selected from which four unions namely; Pakuria, Bajubagha, Bausa and Arani were randomly selected as the locale of the study. Data were obtained from 105 proportionate randomly selected farmers from total of 223 mango growers of selected villages from four unions. An interview schedule was used for collecting data during the period of 2nd July to 21st July, 2017. The findings of the study indicate that majority (52.3 percent) of the growers had medium adoption while 24.8 percent had high adoption and 22.9 percent had low adoption of intercropping with mango. Multiple regression analysis shows that training received, innovativeness, extent of advice seeking and crop diversification had significant contribution to the extent of adoption of intercropping with mango. On the other hand, age, education, farm size, income from mango and intercrop, cosmopoliteness, organizational participation and credit received showed no significant contribution to the extent of adoption of intercropping with mango.