Immersion Schools and Language Learning: a Review of Cherokee
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Cherokee Ethnogenesis in Southwestern North Carolina
The following chapter is from: The Archaeology of North Carolina: Three Archaeological Symposia Charles R. Ewen – Co-Editor Thomas R. Whyte – Co-Editor R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr. – Co-Editor North Carolina Archaeological Council Publication Number 30 2011 Available online at: http://www.rla.unc.edu/NCAC/Publications/NCAC30/index.html CHEROKEE ETHNOGENESIS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH CAROLINA Christopher B. Rodning Dozens of Cherokee towns dotted the river valleys of the Appalachian Summit province in southwestern North Carolina during the eighteenth century (Figure 16-1; Dickens 1967, 1978, 1979; Perdue 1998; Persico 1979; Shumate et al. 2005; Smith 1979). What developments led to the formation of these Cherokee towns? Of course, native people had been living in the Appalachian Summit for thousands of years, through the Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippi periods (Dickens 1976; Keel 1976; Purrington 1983; Ward and Davis 1999). What are the archaeological correlates of Cherokee culture, when are they visible archaeologically, and what can archaeology contribute to knowledge of the origins and development of Cherokee culture in southwestern North Carolina? Archaeologists, myself included, have often focused on the characteristics of pottery and other artifacts as clues about the development of Cherokee culture, which is a valid approach, but not the only approach (Dickens 1978, 1979, 1986; Hally 1986; Riggs and Rodning 2002; Rodning 2008; Schroedl 1986a; Wilson and Rodning 2002). In this paper (see also Rodning 2009a, 2010a, 2011b), I focus on the development of Cherokee towns and townhouses. Given the significance of towns and town affiliations to Cherokee identity and landscape during the 1700s (Boulware 2011; Chambers 2010; Smith 1979), I suggest that tracing the development of towns and townhouses helps us understand Cherokee ethnogenesis, more generally. -
Northern Corridor Area Plan Is the Result of This Targeted Planning Study
Northern Corridor Area Plan Adopted by the Bradley County Regional Planning Commission Adoption Date: February 11, 2014 This page intentionally left blank. PLAN OVERVIEW 1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: AREA PROFILE 3 Overview ......................................................................................................... 3 Geographic Profile & Character ............................................................. 3 Infrastructure & Facilities Overview ................................................... 4 Capacity for Growth .................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2: TARGETED PLANNING CHALLENGES 7 Overview ......................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 3: MASTER PLAN 11 Overview ......................................................................................................... 11 Plan Vision ...................................................................................................... 11 Plan Goals........................................................................................................ 12 The Northern Corridor Area Master Plan Maps .............................. 13 Future Land Use Recommendations .................................................... 16 Future Land Use Focus Areas .................................................................. 24 Future Transportation Routes............................................................... -
Vision Qualla Final Report Page 1
VISION QUALLA FINAL REPORT N OVEMBER, 2004 Prepared by: John Weiser, Brody Weiser Burns Ben Sherman, Medicine Root, Inc. VISION QUALLA FINAL REPORT PAGE 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents the results of the Vision Qualla planning process. The planning process chose three areas for focus: cultural and heritage tourism, knowledge industries, and entrepreneurial development. The goal of the planning process was to provide the Cherokee Preservation Foundation with a clear understanding of the key issues in economic development for the Qualla Boundary and the surrounding communities in these areas, and to create action plans that will help improve economic development in these areas in the near future. A total of six Vision Qualla meetings were held, one per month, beginning in May 2004. The committee was composed of local and regional constituencies, including representatives from the EBCI Executive Branch and Tribal Council, Cherokee cultural organizations, hoteliers and merchants, Harrah’s, community groups, banks, artists and regional organizations. The Vision Qualla planning processes were conducted in a manner that attempted to define and incorporate Cherokee values. The committee approved statements of: · Cherokee Core Values, · Cherokee Business Principles, and · Cherokee Tourism Principles. These sets of values and guiding principles were used to help the committee know whether and how new business initiatives will support and enhance Cherokee culture. All of the action plans that were produced by the committee were discussed -
The Effect of Decolonization of the North Carolina American History I Curriculum from the Indigenous Perspective
THE EFFECT OF DECOLONIZATION OF THE NORTH CAROLINA AMERICAN HISTORY I CURRICULUM FROM THE INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVE A Dissertation by HEATH RYAN ROBERTSON Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies At Appalachian State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May 2021 Educational Leadership Doctoral Program Reich College of Education THE EFFECT OF DECOLONIZATION OF THE NORTH CAROLINA AMERICAN HISTORY I CURRICULUM FROM THE INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVE A Dissertation by HEATH RYAN ROBERTSON May 2021 APPROVED BY: _________________________________________ Barbara B. Howard, Ed.D. Chairperson, Dissertation Committee _________________________________________ William M. Gummerson, Ph.D. Member, Dissertation Committee _________________________________________ Kimberly W. Money, Ed.D. Member, Dissertation Committee _________________________________________ Freeman Owle, M.Ed. Member, Dissertation Committee _________________________________________ Vachel Miller, Ed.D. Director, Educational Leadership Doctoral Program _________________________________________ Mike J. McKenzie, Ph.D. Dean, Cratis D. Williams School of Graduate Studies Copyright by Heath Ryan Robertson 2021 All Rights Reserved Abstract THE EFFECT OF DECOLONIZATION OF THE NORTH CAROLINA AMERICAN HISTORY I CURRICULUM FROM THE INDIGENOUS PERSPECTIVE Heath Ryan Robertson A.A., Southwestern Community College B.A., Appalachian State University MSA., Appalachian State University School Leadership Graduate Certificate, Appalachian State University -
Trailword.Pdf
NPS Form 10-900-b OMB No. 1024-0018 (March 1992) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is used for documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in How to Complete the Multiple Property Documentation Form (National Register Bulletin 16B). Complete each item by entering the requested information. For additional space, use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer to complete all items. _X___ New Submission ____ Amended Submission ======================================================================================================= A. Name of Multiple Property Listing ======================================================================================================= Historic and Historical Archaeological Resources of the Cherokee Trail of Tears ======================================================================================================= B. Associated Historic Contexts ======================================================================================================= (Name each associated historic context, identifying theme, geographical area, and chronological period for each.) See Continuation Sheet ======================================================================================================= C. Form Prepared by ======================================================================================================= -
Seal of the Cherokee Nation
Chronicles of Ohhorna SEAL OF THE CHEROKEE NATION A reproduction in colors of the Seal of the Cherokee Nation appears on the front coyer of this summer number of The Chronicles, made from the original painting in the Museum of the Oklahoma Historical Society.' The official Cherokee Seal is centered by a large seven-pointed star surrounded by a wreath of oak leaves, the border encircling this central device bearing the words "Seal of the Cherokee Nation" in English and seven characters of the Sequoyah alphabet which form two words in Cherokee. These seven charactem rspresenting syllables from Sequoyah's alphabet are phonetically pronounced in English ' ' Tw-la-gi-hi A-ye-li " and mean " Cherokee Nation" in the native language. At the lower part of the circular border is the date "Sept. 6, 1839," that of the adoption of the Constitution of the Cherokee Nation, West. Interpretation of the de~icein this seal is found in Cherokee folklore and history. Ritual songs in certain ancient tribal cere- monials and songs made reference to seven clans, the legendary beginnings of the Cherokee Nation whose country early in the historic period took in a wide area now included in the present eastern parts of Tennessee and Kentucky, the western parts of Virginia and the Carolinas, as well as extending over into what are now northern sections of Georgia and Alabama. A sacred fire was kept burning in the "Town House" at a central part of the old nation, logs of the live oak, a hardwood timber in the region, laid end to end to keep the fire going. -
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma Hosts Keetoowah Cherokee Language Classes Throughout the Tribal Jurisdictional Area on an Ongoing Basis
OKLAHOMA INDIAN TRIBE EDUCATION GUIDE United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma (Oklahoma Social Studies Standards, OSDE) Tribe: United Keetoowah (ki-tu’-wa ) Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma Tribal website(s): www.keetoowahcherokee.org 1. Migration/movement/forced removal Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.3 “Integrate visual and textual evidence to explain the reasons for and trace the migrations of Native American peoples including the Five Tribes into present-day Oklahoma, the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and tribal resistance to the forced relocations.” Oklahoma History C3 Standard 2.7 “Compare and contrast multiple points of view to evaluate the impact of the Dawes Act which resulted in the loss of tribal communal lands and the redistribution of lands by various means including land runs as typified by the Unassigned Lands and the Cherokee Outlet, lotteries, and tribal allotments.” Original Homeland Archeologists say that Keetoowah/Cherokee families began migrating to a new home in Arkansas by the late 1790's. A Cherokee delegation requested the President divide the upper towns, whose people wanted to establish a regular government, from the lower towns who wanted to continue living traditionally. On January 9, 1809, the President of the United States allowed the lower towns to send an exploring party to find suitable lands on the Arkansas and White Rivers. Seven of the most trusted men explored locations both in what is now Western Arkansas and also Northeastern Oklahoma. The people of the lower towns desired to remove across the Mississippi to this area, onto vacant lands within the United States so that they might continue the traditional Cherokee life. -
SEQUOYAH FUND ANNUAL REPORT 2016 CONNECTED SEQUOYAH FUND 2016 2016 Was a Year of Connections for Sequoyah Fund
SEQUOYAH FUND ANNUAL REPORT 2016 CONNECTED SEQUOYAH FUND 2016 2016 was a year of connections for Sequoyah Fund LETTER FROM RUSS Dear Stakeholders: Connections to New Markets The Authentically Cherokee program is gaining 2016 was a year of connections for Sequoyah momentum, accessing markets outside tradition- Fund. As a Community Development Financial In- al sales channels. Artists are now able to directly stitution (CDFI), our role is more than just a lender; access the tourists who visit The Gilded Basket in after all, “Community Development” comes first the heart of Harrah’s Casino. They are also able to in our description. That aspect of what we do was sell globally through the Authentically Cherokee. prominent in 2016, as we focused on connecting com website. Our next step is to help other types our clients to resources, new markets, and other of businesses reach new markets. clients. CONNECTED Connections to Other Clients Connecting Clients to Resources Our clients are stronger when they work together. Sequoyah Fund clients often need more than mon- Sequoyah Fund has the unique ability to connect ey – they need to be connected with consultants local businesses that buy from and barter with one and other experts, academic programs, peers, and another, share expertise and experiences, and TO ONE different forms of capital. In 2016, we renewed and work together to build their businesses and the strengthened relationships with the Small Business local economy. Centers located at the area’s three community LEFT: “The Smokies Awaken” colleges, SCORE (Service Corps of Retired Execu- We look forward to continuing making connections Jeremy Wilson Photography tives), and other area CDFIs, all while maintaining in 2017 and beyond, because all of us are stronger our strong relationship with our closest resource than each of us. -
A Spatial and Elemental Analyses of the Ceramic Assemblage at Mialoquo (40Mr3), an Overhill Cherokee Town in Monroe County, Tennessee
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 12-2019 COALESCED CHEROKEE COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: A SPATIAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE AT MIALOQUO (40MR3), AN OVERHILL CHEROKEE TOWN IN MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE Christian Allen University of Tennessee, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Recommended Citation Allen, Christian, "COALESCED CHEROKEE COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: A SPATIAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE AT MIALOQUO (40MR3), AN OVERHILL CHEROKEE TOWN IN MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2019. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/5572 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Christian Allen entitled "COALESCED CHEROKEE COMMUNITIES IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: A SPATIAL AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF THE CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGE AT MIALOQUO (40MR3), AN OVERHILL CHEROKEE TOWN IN MONROE COUNTY, TENNESSEE." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Arts, with a major in Anthropology. Kandace Hollenbach, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Gerald Schroedl, Julie Reed Accepted for the Council: Dixie L. -
John G. Burnett, “The Cherokee Removal Through the Eyes of a Private Soldier” December 11, 1890
John G. Burnett, “The Cherokee Removal Through the Eyes of a Private Soldier” December 11, 1890 Annotation By President Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828, the only large concentrations of Indian tribes remaining on the east coast were located in the South. The Cherokee had adopted the settled way of life of the surrounding—and encroaching—white society. They were consequently known, along with the Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw, as one of the “Five Civilized Tribes.” “Civilization,” however, was not enough, and the Jackson administration forced most of these tribes west during the first half of the 1830s, clearing southern territory for the use of whites. Chief John Ross was the principal chief of the Cherokee in Georgia; in this 1836 letter addressed to “the Senate and House of Representatives,” Ross protested as fraudulent the Treaty of New Etocha that forced the Cherokee out of Georgia. In 1838, federal troops forcibly displaced the last of the Cherokee from their homes; their trip to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) is known as the “Trail of Tears.” In May 1838, federal militias started to round up Cherokees and move them into stockades (concentration camps) in several southern states. They were then forced to march 1,000 miles westward. 4,000 to 6,000 Cherokees died as a result of the removal. The journey became known as “the Trail of Tears” or “the Trail where They Cried.” Fifty years later, in 1890, Private John Burnett, who served in the mounted infantry, told his children his memories of the Trail of Tears, which he described as the “execution of the most brutal order in the History of American Warfare.” This is my birthday, December 11, 1890. -
Jackson County
Published on NCpedia (https://www.ncpedia.org) Home > Jackson County Jackson County [1] Share it now! Average: 4 (23 votes) Jackson County [2] JACKSON COUNTY GOVERNMENT: https://www.jacksonnc.org/ [2] COUNTY SEAT: Sylva FORMED: 1851 FORMED FROM: Haywood, Macon LAND AREA: 490.76 square miles 2018 POPULATION ESTIMATE: 43,327 White: 85.3% Black/African American: 2.3% American Indian: 9.0% Asian: 1.0% Pacific Islander: <0.1% Two or more races: 2.2% Hispanic/Latino: 5.9% (of any race) From State & County QuickFacts, US Census Bureau, 2018. [3] CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: 11TH BIOGRAPHIES FOR [4] Jackson County [4] 1 [5]WILDLIFE PROFILES FOR Mountain region [5] GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION REGION: Mountain [6] RIVER BASIN: Little Tennessee [7], Savannah [8], Map [9] NEIGHBORING COUNTIES: Haywood [10], Macon [11], Swain [12], Transylvania [13] See also: North Carolina Counties [14] (to access links to NCpedia articles for all 100 counties); Cherokee Indians [15]; Judaculla Rock [16]. by Robert Blair Vocci, 2006 Jackson County, located in North Carolina's Mountain [6] region, was formed from Haywood [10] and Macon [11] Counties in 1851, taking its name from President Andrew Jackson [18]. Webster served as the county seat until 1913, when it was moved to Sylva [19] (incorporated in 1889). Other communities in the county includeD illsboro [20], Cullowhee, Cashiers, Glenville, Balsam, Tuckasegee, and parts of Highlands, Cherokee, and Sapphire. Jackson County also contains part of the Qualla Boundary [21], the reservation of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians [15]. Natural features important to the area include Judaculla Rock [22], with Indian markings of ancient origin, and Ellicott Rock, a boundary landmark. -
Rooted in the Mountains Program Schedule Rooted in the Mountains
Rooted In the Mountains Program Schedule Rooted in the mountains is an annual symposium that intersects traditional/local knowledge with health and environmental issues. Participants will go away with a new sense of urgency and tools to use in valuing our common ground. This year’s theme is duyuk’ dv’ I, an important and essential Cherokee concept that translates to “the correct way” or the “right way.” Cherokee culture attuned itself to its understanding of the science that is life. Cherokees understood that life is at its core, an energy that moves forward. The law of that science grows out of the knowledge of systems working together in a correct or right way. Duyuk’ dv’ I is the natural order of things, it is a way, a road, that is Native Science which brings meaning to life and purpose in how we interact. It is a consciousness of being that is rooted in where you come from, which determines who you are. “We believe that life is a gift and we take care of it out of gratitude. Being disconnected is contrary to duyuk’ dv’ I because the ‘correct way’ is being connected to all else and all others.” (T. Belt) Meeting to be held at the Blue Ridge Conference Room on main campus. Tentative Agenda DAY ONE Thursday, September 28, 2017 Registration Sign up to car pool for field trip to Kituwah on Friday a.m. 8:30 Welcome and Announcements, Mae Claxton (Dept. of English, WCU) 9:00 Cherokee Anthem Opening Prayer/Cherokee Blessing 9:15 Introduction to duyuk’ dv’ I and It’s Application for Community Health Thomas N.