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Notes on the Common Palm Butterfly, Elymnias

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Notes on the Common Palm Butterfly, Elymnias VOLU ME 57, N U MBER 2 147 HITCHCOCK, C. L., A. CRONQUIST, M. OWNBEY & J. W. THOMPSON. NOTE ADDED IN PRESS: While this manuscript was in press we 1955. Vascular plants of the Pacinc Northwest. Part 5. Com­ have collected the fonowing additional information. First, a photo positac. University of Washington Press, Seattle. showing the green form of Cucullia montanae's larva upon Grindelia MUNZ, P. A. & D. D. KECK. 1973. A California flora. University of integrifolia D.C. taken by Jeremy B. Tatum, B.C., Canada, is avail­ California Press, Berkley. able on the web site entitled "Butterflies and moths of Southern POOLE , R. W. 1995. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part) in Dominick, R. Vancouver Island" at the address: http://alpha.furman.edu/-snyder/ B. et aJ. (ed.), The moths of America nOlth of Mexico, fasc. 26. l. snyder/leplintern.htm. This is, to our knowledge, the nrst photo­ SEITZ, A. 1919-1944. Die GroB-Smetterlinge der Erde. Abteilung graph of Cucullia montanae's larva ever published. It also connrms II. Amerikanischen Faunengebietes, Band 7 Eulenartige the identity of the main food-plant. Semlld, according to M. Hre­ Nachtfalter. Stuttgart. Alfred Kernen. 508 pp., 96 plates. blay and L. Ron kay: '"The palearctic Cucullia ledereri Staudinger STE HR, W. F. 1987. Immature insects. Kendall Hunt Publishing 1892, knoviIl from Kamchatka by its holotype female only", has for Company, Dubuque, Iowa, USA. p. 565 (Fig. 26.397, black and '"closest relative Cucullia simi/ads 1892, they may represent two dil~ white photograph of Cucullia asteroides). ferent populations of the same species'" This quote is from Moths of Nepal. Part 5. Tinea. Vol. 15 (supplement), pp. 174-175. Tn Tashiro J. C. PETIT AND M. C. PETIT, 2 Rue du Marechal HaTuta (ed. ). The Japan Heterocerist's Society, Tokyo, 1998. A simi­ Juin , F-45100 Orleans, France Email: jc.petit@ lar view concerning the relationship between the two species is given in the Illustrated catalogue of Noctuidae in Korea by v. S. mageos. com Kononenko, S. B. AIm , L. Ronkay, J nsects of Korea, Scrics .3, Park Kyu-Tek, Korea 1998. It will be interesting to nnd the male and the Received for publication 21 February 2002; revised and accepted 25 larva of Cucullia leder-eri in order to know if they show any signifi­ November 2002. cant diffcrences with Cucullia sirnilaris. Journal of t-he Lepidopterists· SOciety .57(2). 20m, 147- 14fl NOTES ON THE COMMON PALM BUTTERFLY, ELYMNIAS HYPERMNESTRA UNDULARIS (DRURY) (SATYRINAE) IN INDIA Additional key words: Genitalia, toothed brachia, angular appendices, signa, genital plate. Hemming (1967) clarified that E. jynx Hubner culum much longer than tegumen, slightly cUived inwardly, broader (= Papilio undularis Drury) is the type-species of thc in the middle; saccus short, tubular, distal end rounded; valva some­ what boat-shaped, costa and sacculus not demarcated, harpe genus Elymnias Hubner, which remaincd without a strongly sclerotized, narrow, knife-like, with inner margin dentate, valid type-species for some time (Hemming 1943). pilose; juxta squalish plate-like, weakly sclerotized; aedeagus tubu­ U n1ike other satyrines, palm butterflies often are lar, slightly squeezed in the middle, subzone smaller than suprazone, ductus ejaculatorius entering dorsad. brightly colored and generally resemble danaines, Female genitalia (Figs. 7,8). Corpus bursac cylindrical, mem­ which they mimic in one or both the sexes. According hranous; signa represented by two scohinate patches which run to Bingham (1905), Evans (1932), Talbot (1947), Pin­ along whole length of corpus hmsae; ductus bursae moderately long, broader anteriorly, narrower posteriorly; ductus seminalis originate ratana (1988), and Corbet and Pendlebury (1992), the from ductus bursae near base of corpus bursae; central process of species referable to the genus Elymnias differ from lamella antevaginalis very small, roughly triangular, lateral Raps long, other satyrine genera in having a hind wing predis­ membranous except on their inner margin; lamella postvaginalis re­ duced, with small oval plates; apophyses anterioris wanting; apophy­ coidal cell. Of the eleven species from India, three, i.e., ses posterioris moderately long, slender, membranous; papilla analis E. hypermnestra (Linnaeus), E. malelas (Hcwitson), guttiform, pilose. and E. patna (Westwood), have been reported from Length of forewing. Male: 34.0- ,36.0 mm (n = 10); Female: 40.0-42.0 mm (n = 5). Northwest India. However, in recent surveys, only E. Material examined. Himachal Pradesh: 4 J, 3 9, 1.xi.91, Paonta hypermnestra could be located and reexamined. This Sahib, 850 m, Sirmaur. Assam: 2 J, 2 9, 8.v.95, Vasistha, 213 m, reexamination revealed that the male and female gen­ Guwahati. Sikkim: 2 J, 30.ix.95, Rangpo, 600 rn; 2 9, 4.x.95, Jorethang, 630 m. italia possess certain unique taxonomic characteristics. The genitalia are described here, along with remarks Remarks. Among fifty-four satyrine species for on the distribution of the species. which the male genitalia have been examined, certain structures, such as toothed brachia and angular appen­ Elymnias hypermnestra l1ndularis (Drury) dices, are unique to E. hypermnestra. Similarly, the fe­ Male genitalia (Figs. 1-5). Uncus long, slightly curved, longer male genitalia have a unique signa and genital plate, than tegumen, distal end shalply pOinted; brachia velY thin, long, slender, upwardly turned, distal end with minute teeth, strongly both conspicuous structures not encountered in any sci erotized; tegumen broader dorsally, narrower ventrally; appen­ other satytine examined so far. The account of the male dices angulares long, broad proXimally, narrow, hooked distally; vin- and the female genitalia are desclibed for the first time. 148 JOURNAL OF THE LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY r'~-APX'ANG r-----+-_ AED VLV "'~+-'--:---:-+-O 8 r:.+,.".-L--- LA'AV +--DU-BU 6 ~-DUSEM 2 [.... DU.EJ ~~= ...... ;~ f-------~SBZ X SPZ------~ 4 SIG-~ ~.··.·.·.···:····· ······.······.····3 s I D.7Smm I FIGS.I-7. Elymnias hypermnestra undularis (DrUlY). 1, Male genitalia (laleral view). 2, Valva (inner view). 3, Juxta. 4, Aedeagus (lateral view). 5, Aedeagus (dorsal view). 6, Female genitalia (ventral view). 7, Corpus bursae (dorsal view). Abbreviations. AED. Aedeagus, APX.ANC: Appendix angulares, BR: Brachium, CO: Costa, CREBU: Corpus bursae, DU.BU: Ductus burse, DU.EJ. Ductus cjacnlatorius, DU.SEM: Duc­ tus seminalis, LA.AV Lamella antevaginalis, LA.PV Lamella postvaginalis, O.B. Ostium bursae, E A: Papilla analis, PO.APO: Apophysis poste­ rioris, SA: Saccus, snz: Subzonal portion of acdeagus, SIC: Signum, SL: Sacculus, SPZ,: Suprazonal portion of acdeagus, TEe. Tegnmen, UN: Uncus, VIN: Vinculnm, VLV Valva. In addition to the genitalic characteristics, it is ob­ Dehradun, below 909 m ASL) remarked that it is not a served that the hind wing prediscoidal cell has an addi­ common species in this area. Though no specimens tional prominent vein. An obscure hlack androconial could be collected from the localities mentioned patch near the base of the forewing space lA+2A, above, four males and three females were collected above, reported for E. hypennnestra (Corbet & from Paonta Sahib (399 m ASL), forty-two kms from Pendlebury 1992), is lacking in E. hypennnestra undll­ Dehradun. Marshall and de Niceville (1883) reported laris. As well, there is a nacreous area on the forewing that E. llndularis is the common Elymnias in North underside and another on the dorsal surface of the hind West India, where it is found in the warm valleys of the wing costal margin, which also has a pair of hair tufts, outer Himalayas as far east as Mussoorie. Contrary to all of which agree with the observations made hy Pin­ Wynter-Blyth (1957), our surveys indicate that the ratana (1988) and Corbet and Pendlebmy (1992). species is not common in North India. Females mimic Mackinnon and de Niceville (1897), while reporting Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus) and D. chrysippus (Lin­ on this species from North West India (Mussoorie and naeus) at the above mentioned localities. VOLUME 57, NUMBER 2 149 The author is grateful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Re­ MARSHALl., C. F. L. & L. DE NICEVILLE. 1883. The butterflies ofIn­ search, New Delhi for funding the project on Butterflies. dia, Burmah and Ceylon. A descriptive handbook of all the knOWIl species of Rhopalocerous Lepidoptera inhabiting that re­ LITERATURE CITED gion, with notices of allied species occurring in the neighbouring countries along the border; with numerous illustrations. Vol. 1. BINCHAM, C. T. 1905. Butterflies. Fauna Br. India, l:iv 5ll, pis. Part II. Calcutta Central Press, Calcutta. vii + 327 pp. 1- 10. PINRATANA, B. A. 1998. Butterflies in Thailand, Satyridae, Libythei­ CORBET, A. S. & H. M. PENDLEDURY. 1992. The butterflies of the dae and Riodinidae. The Viratham Press, Bangkok. 6:vii + 61 Malaya Peninsula. Eliot, J. N. (ed.). 4th ed. Malaya Nat. pp., 44 pis. Soc.:viii + 595 pp., 69 pis. TALBOT, C. 1947. The fauna of British India. Including Ceylon EVANS , w. H. 19,32. The identification ofTndian butterflies. 2nd ed. and Burma. Butterflies. Vol. 2. Taylor and Francis, London, revise,!. Madras, Bombay nat. Hist. Soc. , 1932:x + 454 pp., 32 .506 pp. pis. , 9 figs. WYNTER-BLYTH , M. A. 1957. Butterflies ofthe Indian region. Bom­ HEMMING , A. F. 1943. The types of genera established by Doublc­ bay Nat. Hist. Soc. , 19.57:xx + ,523 pp, 72 pis. day (E.) in the genera of diurnal Lepidoptera and by Westwood (J.O. ) in the continuation thereof: a correction regarding the genus Cor'lbas Westwood, (1850). J. Soc. Bib!. Nat. Hist. NAR EN DER SHARMA, Department of Entomology 1(12):470. and Apiculture, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horti­ --. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type C1llture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan Himachal species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. 173230 (Entomol. ) Supp!. 9:509. Pradesh, India MACKIl\'J ON, P. W. & L. DE NICEVILLE. 1897. List of butterflies hom Mussoorie and Dun Valley.
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