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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Decoding Signals from Weather Satellites Using Software Defined Radio a Graduate Projec

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CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Decoding Signals from Weather Satellites Using Software Defined Radio a Graduate Projec CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE Decoding Signals From Weather Satellites Using Software Defined Radio A graduate project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering By Min Jae Lee May 2018 The graduate project of Min Jae Lee is approved: Dr. Nagwa Bekir Date Professor James A Flynn Date Dr. Xiaojun Geng, Chair Date California State University, Northridge ii Acknowledgement I would like to thank Dr. Xiaojun Geng, Professor James Flynn, and Dr. Nagwa Bekir for being a part of my committee. I would also like to thank Dr. Sharlene Katz for helping me to get started on this project. iii Table of Contents Signature Page .................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................. iii List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Satellite .............................................................................................................. 2 2.1. Application ............................................................................................................... 2 2.1.1 NOAA 15 Satellite.............................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 NOAA 18 Satellite.............................................................................................. 6 2.1.3 NOAA 19 Satellite.............................................................................................. 6 2.1.4 METEOR M2 Satellite ....................................................................................... 7 2.2. Satellite Signals ........................................................................................................ 7 2.2.1 Automatic Picture Transmission ........................................................................ 8 2.2.2 Low Rate Picture Transmission .......................................................................... 9 2.3. Satellite Tracking ................................................................................................... 11 2.4. Satellite Tracking Software .................................................................................... 13 2.4.1 GPREDICT ....................................................................................................... 13 2.4.2 Orbitron ............................................................................................................ 15 2.4.3 N2YO................................................................................................................ 16 Chapter 3: Antenna ........................................................................................................... 19 3.1. Half Wave Dipole Antenna .................................................................................... 19 3.2. Turnstile Antenna ................................................................................................... 23 iv 3.2.1 Normal Mode .................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2 Axial Mode ....................................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Turnstile Antenna Polarization ......................................................................... 24 3.2.4 Turnstile Antenna Specification ....................................................................... 25 3.3. Double Crossed Dipole Antenna ............................................................................ 26 3.4. Quadrifilar Helix Antenna ...................................................................................... 28 Chapter 4: Software Defined Radio .................................................................................. 30 4.1. History of Software Defined Radio ........................................................................ 30 4.2. Ideal Software Defined Radio ................................................................................ 31 4.3. Software Defined Radio Receiver Architecture ..................................................... 32 4.4. Traditional Super-Heterodyne Receiver................................................................. 33 4.5. SDR Application .................................................................................................... 35 4.6. Commercial SDRs .................................................................................................. 36 4.6.1 HackRF One ..................................................................................................... 37 4.6.2 RTL-SDR.......................................................................................................... 38 Chapter 5: Decoding Process of APT and LRTP Signals ................................................. 40 5.1. Recording APT Signal ........................................................................................... 40 5.2. Resampling APT Signal ......................................................................................... 41 5.3. Decoding APT Signal............................................................................................. 42 5.4 Decoding LRPT Signal ........................................................................................... 43 Chapter 6: Results ............................................................................................................. 48 6.1. NOAA 15 ............................................................................................................... 48 6.2. NOAA 18 ............................................................................................................... 53 v 6.3. NOAA 19 ............................................................................................................... 57 6.4. METEOR M2 ......................................................................................................... 61 6.5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 69 References ......................................................................................................................... 70 vi List of Figures Figure 2.1: Communication Satellite .................................................................................. 3 Figure 2.2: Navigational Satellite ....................................................................................... 4 Figure 2.3: Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) ............................................... 5 Figure 2.4: Circularly Polarized Wave ............................................................................... 8 Figure 2.5: QPSK Signal................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2.6: QPSK Constellation Diagram ........................................................................ 10 Figure 2.7: Two Line Element Set (TLE) ......................................................................... 11 Figure 2.8: GPREDICT Satellite Tracking Software ....................................................... 13 Figure 2.9: GPREDICT Satellite Prediction ..................................................................... 14 Figure 2.10: Orbitron Satellite Tracking Software ........................................................... 15 Figure 2.11: N2YO Satellite Tracking Website ................................................................ 16 Figure 2.12: N2YO Displaying METOER M2 ................................................................. 17 Figure 2.13: N2YO’s Future Pass Prediction of METEOR M2 ....................................... 18 Figure 3.1: Half wave Dipole Antenna ............................................................................. 20 Figure 3.2: Current and Voltage distribution of Half-Wave Dipole ................................. 21 Figure 3.3: Diagram of a Turnstile Antenna ..................................................................... 23 Figure 3.4: Actual Figure of Turnstile Antenna Used for This Project ............................ 25 Figure 3.5: Actual Figure of Double Crossed Dipole Antenna ........................................ 26 Figure 3.6: Diagram of a Double Crossed Dipole Antenna .............................................. 27 Figure 3.7: 3D Radiation Pattern of Double Crossed Dipole Antenna ............................. 28 Figure 3.8: Quadrifilar Helix Antenna .............................................................................. 29 Figure 4.1: Software Defined Radio Receiver Architecture ............................................. 32 vii Figure 4.2: Traditional Super-Heterodyne Receiver Architecture .................................... 34 Figure 4.3: Comparison of Common Commercial SDRs ................................................. 36 Figure 4.4: Images of HackRF One .................................................................................
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