http://doc.rero.ch hc hudb ie orfrt thiswork. to which shouldbecitedtorefer Published in"Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology225(1-4):317-330,2005" hsi rbbybcuelresz n cltr lmnssc ssie n hrswudhv enrsrcigfra for restricting been have would thorns and spines as such elements sculpture ostracode and interpret an size to large in used because life are probably data is of This These microfacies bolliid associations. overall the the fossil example from respective obtained their are from data and paleoecological significant rocks Additionally environments. brought mound-cover limestone. faunas nodular and the ostracode overlying mound of two the assemblage of from ostracode one investigations the Paleontological between environment. differences open-marine and shallow-marine Abstract aaeesteei ihploclgcltlrne ihrgr oteeploclgcllimits paleoecological these these within to but regard conditions, With shallow-marine tolerance. and paleoecological open-marine requires high ostracodes a of is group there This parameters rocks. mound-cover the in ihrnme fdmnn pce n hwabodvreyo opooia etrs hs ansaedmntdby Paraparch- dominated and are Kellettinidae, faunas Kirkbyidae, These Scrobiculidae, features. morphological Amphissitidae, of families variety the broad of the a members of show itidae. outside ornamented and absent species highly to dominant the rare of very number higher are and features, morphological their of mounds. because environment mound itcspecies. nistic orsodn author. Corresponding * -aladdresses: E-mail on srcd sebae hwasalrnme fdmnn pce,cnanrmral iyfrs(for forms tiny remarkably contain species, dominant of number smaller a show assemblages ostracode Mound a inhabited Austria, Alps, Carnic Group, Auernig the of part lower the from ostracodes (Kasimovian) Pennsylvanian ersnaie ftefml aride e.g., Bairdiidae, a family by the characterized of are Representatives They different. completely are limestone nodular overlying the from collected faunas Ostracode enyvna uri ylte fteCri ls Austria Alps, Carnic the of cyclothem Auernig Pennsylvanian b De preetd Ge de ´partement Anthracoporella aeeooia oto fotaoedsrbto na in distribution ostracode of control Paleoecological a ntttfu Institut orrpluielne.e(.Fhe) [email protected](.Samankassou). (E. [email protected] Fohrer), (B. [email protected] olioeparva Solleikope eevd3 uy20;rcie nrvsdfr 4Fbur 04 cetd2 a 2005 May 25 accepted 2004; February 14 form revised in received 2001; July 31 Received rPala ¨r ocecs Ge ´osciences, otlge Universita ¨ontologie, b jungle et Fohrer Beate Q ooi tPale et ´ologie oeseis o example for species, Some . orr 1991 Fohrer, tErlangen-Nu ¨t otlge Universite ´ontologie, Bairdia ,adaedmntdb mohseldt esonmne carapaces. ornamented less to smooth-shelled by dominated are and ), a, Anthracoporella * la Samankassou Elias , r h otaudn pce in species abundant most the are , rbr,Leeiht.2,D904Elne,Germany Erlangen, D-91054 28, Loewenichstr. ¨rnberg, 1 eFior,Pe Fribourg, de ´ anzi auricula Carnizzia dscaaenage on niomn n the and environment mound algae) (dasycladalean rle,C-70Fior,Switzerland Fribourg, CH-1700 ´rolles, b orr 1997b Fohrer, Anthracoporella Bairdia r dpe othe to adapted are , Anthracoporella sa opportu- an is onsand mounds http://doc.rero.ch on-oe srcdsteeaecoerltosiso h ancAp srcdst hs fteCnara Mountains, Cantabrian the of those to ostracodes Alps Carnic the of relationships close Spain. are there ostracodes mound-cover otiigpyli la olw pad merging ella by largely upward, constructed mounds follows algal into algae phylloid limestone Bedded containing base. the at siliciclastics with begins ( character- cyclothems are such formations) Limestone, by several ized (Auernig Pseudoschwagerina of Alps consisting The Lower each Carnic worldwide. and the nearly of Group strata strata Paleozoic Pennsylvanian Upper phenomenon common in a are changes sea-level eustatic Introduction 1. Anthracoporella Keywords: ok r iiiid h atrhsbe tde in to studied adapted been mound ostracodes has Pizzul porella algal compare latter the to massive The order in silicified. of are cyclothem parts rocks one silici- where by for Formation, affected except not which commonly mounds, fication that are massive algae, limestones of The contain kind nodular mounds. this the algal general overlie in In ostra- occurs the limestones. silicification extract the to from impossible, codes not if ostra- difficult, including very organisms (e.g., occurrence silicified codes the by selectively governed of is limestones Group nig their Auernig and entire Group. faunas Rattendorf the and ostracode of Group known implications oldest paleoecological the papers on 2001 several Fohrer, Sa and 1997a,b; of 1991, Posada Fohrer, subject 1990; Fohrer, the and were Car- and ( the Alps of carbonates nic Permian Early and boniferous selectively begins. containing cyclothem next the before limestone above, follow Siliciclastics nodular organisms. silicified by lain ugei 96 ugeiadSvtr 95 Becker 1975; Siveter, and Ruggieri 1966; Ruggieri, Anthracoporella omntp fccohmi h uri Group Auernig the in cyclothem of type common A glacio- by caused patterns sedimentation Cyclic eerho srcdsi enyvna Auer- Pennsylvanian in ostracodes on Research Car- Late in components prominent are Ostracodes and on niomnswt srcd faunas ostracode with environments mound Archaeolithophyllum orr 91 1997a 1991, Fohrer, on srcdso te enyvna hl ein aes a o enrpre.A othe to As reported. been not far so have regions shelf Pennsylvanian other of ostracodes mound ons uti;Cri ls yltes srcds aeeooy enyvna;UprCarboniferous Upper Pennsylvanian; Paleoecology; Ostracodes; Cyclothems; Alps; Carnic Austria; mounds; .Tepeetpprfocuses paper present The ). is ,2 1, Figs. h onsaeover- are mounds The . .Ohriei is it Otherwise ). ). Anthracopor- Anthraco- ´ ce de nchez 2 bandfo h vryn mudcvr nodular (mound-cover) overlying limestones. the from obtained ttebs) itrae ittn wt rc fossils), trace ( (with limestone siltstone and bioturbated base), cross-bedded the (usually at sandstone deposits conglomerates, cyclic rich are sensu Group Rythmus Auernig (Auernig the of Sediments ( mea- section The sured Formations. Pizzul, Carnizza Meledis, and the Auernig, into Corona, top, to base and from Rattendorf, subdivided, Auernig, ( age Groups Permian Trogkofel Pennsylva- Early the to form nian sediments Permian These Early sediments. to age mid-Carboniferous ( with border filled Austrian–Italian Carnic were present the the in on Westphalian) Alps, middle to Namurian (late stratigraphic and context, scheme geological Location, 2. Pennsylvanian in distribution paleoecological the ostracode rocks. to of clues give control the in may ostracodes paper Cuera mound-cover present versus mound the of ison from Moun- Cantabrian ( faunas the Spain resem- tains, in striking ostracode (Moscovian) a Limestones to bear mounds lime- blance nodular overlies the that of stone ostracodes been not However, far so reported. have regions shelf Pennsylvanian other eiaLmsoe h vryn rgoe Group Trogkofel overlying ( The Pseudoschwa- Upper Limestone. the the gerina Limestone, and Pseudoschwagerina Formation, Grenzland Lower the ( into shallow-marine to 1990 shoreface and deltaic Sa i.1 Fig. ´ ce ePsd n ls,1999 Bless, and Posada de nchez srcd aafrom data Ostracode aisfre yVrsa rgncmovements orogenic Variscan by formed Basins .1) h atnofGopi subdivided is Group Rattendorf The 13). p. , o on not , Sa i.3 Fig. ´ i.3 Fig. i.2 Fig. ce ePsd n orr 2001; Fohrer, and Posada de nchez is ,2 1, Figs. sfo h izlFormation. Pizzul the from is ) .Teevrnet ag from range environments The ). nldsteTokflLime- Trogkofel the includes ) Anthracoporella alr 1955 Kahler, .TeAengGopis Group Auernig The ). .Tu,compar- Thus, ). ihquartz- with ) onsof mounds Venturini, i.1 Fig. ), http://doc.rero.ch i.1 oaino esrdscinWtcie l W/;atrs)wti h ancAp nteNsfl asae,a h tla–utinborder Italian–Austrian the at area, Pass Nassfeld the in area. Alps enlarged Carnic the the indicates within rectangle) asterisk) right (WA/P; (upper Alm Watschiger field section Alps measured Carnic of Location 1. Fig. 3 etclymre oein zone marked Vertically . http://doc.rero.ch bv,bfr h etccohmbgn ( begins cyclothem next follow the before Siliciclastics above, organisms. containing silicified limestone by The nodular selectively followed mounds. by overlain algal base, are into mounds the merge that at limestone bedded siliciclastics with begins Facies 3.1. Alm Sedimentology 3. Watschiger of SE km 0.1 stream hut. mountain little a to e rse h ietn e (huge Gartnerko- bed to limestone Pass the Nassfeld crosses from fel trail hiking The sstae . mN rmNsfl as( Pass Nassfeld from NE km 1.2 situated is ( Breccia), Alps (Tarvis Flu southern and beds the throughout breccia occur by which Trogkofel overlain The are Limestones). units units Goggau younger and stratigraphically well (Tressdorf and as isolated, carbonates, some reef as massive of composed stone, in Kasimovian is the and to Group, belongs age. Auernig section measured (asterisk), Per- The Formation Lower Alps. Pizzul and Carnic Pennsylvanian the in the units of mian scheme Stratigraphic 2. Fig. omnccohmtp nteAengGroup Auernig the in type cyclothem common A h esrdscin(ashgrAm WA/P) Alm, (Watschiger section measured The Pennsylvanian L.- Permian Stratigraphy Kasimovian gl 1980 ¨gel, Sakmarian Gzhelian Asselian ). RATTENDORF AUERNIG GROUP GROUP nt ftesuyarea study the of Units * Pseudoschwagerina Pseudoschwagerina anzaFormation Carnizza uri Formation Auernig Meledis Formation Corona Formation Pizzul Formation Limestone Limestone Formation Grenzland b Upper Lower stairs i.3 Fig. Buggisch Q i.1 Fig. close ) .A ). * ). 4 oua eddlmsoei hrceitco l uri Group Auernig all of characteristic is and formations. limestone limestone, with pattern bedded mounded cyclothemic algal nodular The siltstone, section. measured sandstone, the conglomerate, of Log 3. Fig. http://doc.rero.ch nst la r atyecutdadbudby bound and encrusted partly are algae branched well-preserved, situ The peloi- in and/or structures. cements, clotted mud, lime dal with filled are thalli n h ako olpeo opcinlstructures compactional or collapse of ( lack the upright and unbroken nearly by Anthracoporella indicated as framework ( boundstone algal rocks mound of Microfacies 3.2. measured the of cover silicified. mound are and section, mound algal ( throughout the facies cyclothems this 1997 Silicifica- of Samankassou, Auernig section. feature measured common the the a in does is thick- m but tion in Formations, 2 m Auernig exceed and 5 not Pizzul reach marly the may and in facies nodular ness silty nodular of contain The composed may mound layers. that is juxtaposed limestone cover bedded mound smaller, The contains mea- bodies. the is also in it thick but ( section centi- cm Group, section 140 Auernig few to the sured a 30 in is thick approximately m only facies cm 6 mounded 20 to meters The exceeding with bedded thickness. rarely but of in beds cm siltstones, limestone 120 overlies individual to commonly 40 limestone About fossil-rich bioturbation. contain and they brachiopodes; 1935 where productid itsch, m), (e.g., Forma- layers 3.2 Pizzul limestone to the in (up occur tion layers Exception- siltstone sandstones. thick and ally conglomerates than than less m) (commonly are 2 thinner fossils are layers trace Siltstones and coal and common. concretions, and (quartz remains, common Plant less rare. siliciclastic carbonate The with predominantly common. mica), is is bedding the Cross thickness. centimeters matrix in few is m a 50 from to silt- vary Quartz and Sandstones sandstone clasts. stone with sequences. along com- component, and dominant fining-upward bedding cross large-scale mon with and Group, nig mound on emphasis particular facies. given mound-cover a is units with cyclothem below, the of description summary i.4 Fig. h on oei opsdof composed is core mound The Auer- the in thick m 20 to up are Conglomerates ) aiisbten n hlee yalgal by sheltered and between, Cavities a). n omnpatrmis concretions, remains, plant common and ) i.3 Fig. hliecoigcntutoa pores constructional enclosing thalli i.4 Fig. .Ecpinly osl nboth, in fossils Exceptionally, ). .Tetpo h measured the of top The ). ) la ul delicate a built Algae a). orr 91 1997a; 1991, Fohrer, Anthracoporella Her- 5 n )icuebyzas( bryozoans include c) and lum ( facies ( mound-cover Highly the absent. in are fossils areas) diverse cavities, clotted peloidal (boundstone, cements, features packstone. and constructional wackestone Algal of composed are mounds rocks mound-cover of Microfacies 3.3. bioclasts. diverse, gas- other and foraminifers, more brachiopodes small tropodes, are fusulinids, of grains cavities enclosed composed Skeletal and non-peloidal where areas. the sparse within peloid-dominated are the gastropodes within some and and fers, bryozoans, grains, below), foramini- Skeletal molluscs. as (see such ostracodes organisms provided fers, other have to for seems habitats also small thalli the between space irtccmnsand cements micritic ae niomn eo tr-aebs o the for base storm-wave quiet- of development a below indicating environment grainstone, grainstone, water bioclastic flanking coarse structures, and sedimentary erated Mounds 3.4.1. environment depositional Interpretation, 3.4. are stylolites) (e.g., common. features commonly Compactional are Fossils silicified. fragments. crinoid and trilobite phytes ...Mudcover (see Mound 3.4.2. Limestone Pseudoschwagerina 1998 Samankassou, Lower Group Auernig higher the relatively of and mounds is comparable in section that measured than the of mounds 1998 kassou, soito,wihi atclryrc nrdageand fossil algae red the in influenced association. rich particularly have fossil is which may association, diverse as cool-water highly biota, of Input the to by favorable indicated obviously was environment eti mle oaiiesaeidctv fshallow of ( indicative water are foraminifers smaller benthic orr 91 1997a 1991, Fohrer, h akga,ndlrlmsoe oeigthe covering limestones nodular gray, dark The hsmcoaislcswnoig n wave-gen- and winnowing- lacks microfacies This h e algae red The e la,bahooe ( brachiopodes algae, red atooe,frmnfr,ad rarely, and, foraminifers, gastropodes, , omye l,17;Bacap 1994 Beauchamp, 1977; al., et Toomey .Tedvriyin diversity The ). Anthracoporella Archaeolithophyllum ). e below), see ; Tubiphytes Tubiphytes os,1967 Kodsi, eish 1935 Heritsch, ons(cf. mounds Archaeolithophyl- ml foramini- small , Anthracoporella ( i.4 Fig. uuii,and fusulinid, , ,ostracodes ), ) The a). i.4 Fig. ), Saman- .The ). Tubi- b http://doc.rero.ch Anthracoporella a ape r osdi h olcin fIsiu fu Institut of collections the in housed micropaleontologi- are All samples cal acid. formic using limestones Materials 4.1. Paleontology 4. ( peloids and 2002 ooids kassou, in lacking and bryozoans facies. Mound (a) 4. Fig. on-oe ais icatcwcetn n aktn.Fsisaemr ies hni h on aisadicuebrachiopodes, include and facies mound the in than b), diverse in more center are (upper Fossils fusulinids packstone. (Br), and wackestone bryozoans Bioclastic facies. Mound-cover osldvriyi o,with low, is diversity Fossil h iiiidotaoe eedsovdfo the from dissolved were ostracodes silicified The ). A),adsalrfrmnfr.Aglcntutoa tutrsaeasn.Pcue n r . mwd,respectively. wide, cm 1.4 are c and b Pictures absent. are structures constructional Algal foraminifers. smaller and (An)], Anthracoporella Tubiphytes An ecrld,rr roon rcage,adsalrfrmnfr.Pcuei . mwd.()ad(c) and (b) wide. cm 6.4 is Picture foraminifers. smaller and (rectangle), bryozoans rare (encircled), onsoe otof Most boundstone. An Tubiphytes An Saman- ecrld,famnso la hli[ thalli algal of fragments (encircled), Anthracoporella ¨r b 6 oa 2lmsoesmlswr olce rmthe from ( collected were section samples measured limestone 22 total eto W/)i h asedPs ra( area Alm Pass Watschiger Nassfeld the the in from (WA/P) obtained section were which nas, Results 4.2. given are O) of caption (prefix the numbers in catalogue The many. Pala hssuyi ae anyo w srcd fau- ostracode two on mainly based is study This otlge Universita ¨ontologie, hli(n r nrkn rnhn ftal srecognizable. is thalli of Branching unbroken. are (An) thalli Br Br Br Br Ar i.5 Fig. i.3 Fig. Archaeolithophyllum . tErlangen-Nu ¨t .Alsmlswr con- were samples All ). a c rbr,Ger- ¨rnberg, A)ad rarely, and, (Ar) i.1 Fig. .In ). http://doc.rero.ch .(k) 1. aff. (g) 2904/7/3-1. O valve, right a of view aea iwo ih av,O20//-.Ec cl a s100 is bar scale Each 2904/4/1-1. O valve, right a of view lateral (m) 2904/16/2-1. O carapace, a (h) ih av,O20//-.(e) 2906/9/1-1. O valve, right 942/-.(c) 2904/24/1-1. O ( h eto sml –)telmsoe aksilicifica- of lack limestones for part the lower few 1–9) (sample the a section in the only Especially but extraction. analysis ostracode microfacies for sidered (a) Austria. Alps, Carnic Formation, Pizzul Pennsylvanian the of ostracodes mound-cover and Mound (a)–(h) 5. Fig. lihadBslr 1906 Bassler, and Ulrich Bairdiocypris ventricornis iheia(Richterina) Richterina ( oe n iky 1886 Kirkby, and Jones p,ltrlve fargtvle 941/- rpoue ihpriso from permission with (reproduced 2904/15/1-1 O valve, right a of view lateral sp., Shivaella ,ltrlve fargtvle 94841 (b) 2904/8/4-1. O valve, right a of view lateral ), p,ltrlve falf av,O20/331 (d) 2904/23/3-1. O valve, left a of view lateral sp., aff. Knightina anzi auricula Carnizzia striatula olnla(Keslingella) Hollinella ,ltrlve fargtvle 94211 (j) 2904/2/1-1. O valve, right a of view lateral ), p,ltrlve falf av,O20//11 (f) 2904/7/11-1. O valve, left a of view lateral sp., ( ihe,1848 Richter, orr 1997b Fohrer, ,ltrlve fargtvle 942/-.(l) 2904/21/1-1. O valve, right a of view lateral ), aff. aea iwo etvle 962/-.(n) 2906/25/1-1. O valve, left a of view lateral , A radiata long. m 7 onylasimplicissima Roundyella ietnsaewal iiiid eutn nrare residues in in sample) the resulting per 10 specimens silicified, sample (5–10 weakly ostracodes with are Beginning limestones organisms. of tion ( oe n iky 1886 Kirkby, and Jones eltiacarnica Kellettina Bairdia uiiky hispanica Aurikirkbya p,ltrlve fargtvle 2904/13/1- O valve, right a of view lateral sp., ugeiadSvtr 1975 Siveter, and Ruggieri ,ltrlve falf av,O2904/6/3-1. O valve, left a of view lateral ), ( orr1997a Fohrer ngt 1928 Knight, Microcheilinella olioeparva Solleikope l 15, pl. , ,ltrlve falf valve, left a of view lateral ), ekre l,1977 al., et Becker i.4 fig. Shleesha p,vnrlve to view ventral sp., aea iwo a of view lateral , .(i) ). orr 1991 Fohrer, cf. Coryellina lateral , pinguis , http://doc.rero.ch tes1 . 33.7 13 100.0 355 2.8 100.0 398 11 TOTAL Others Bairdiidae Hollinella Bairdiocypris Coryellina hispanica Aurikirkbya Knightina carnica Kellettina Shivaella Microcheilinella simplicissima Roundyella fmudadmudcvrseisaedescribed. millimeters; are in given species are mound-cover Measurements and mound of Ostracodes 4.3. pce nec apeadterrltv abundance per in relative given specimens their are and of percentages sample as number on each The in focused species samples. we and two therefore preservation, these ostracodes, good of silicification, abundance the characterized intensive (355 of are 18 specimens) by part (398 samples 22 upper only and But specimens) the 18–22). in (samples inten- section occurs most silicification The specimens. sive of preservation poor and pce on W//2 on cover Mound (WA/P/22) Mound Shleesha Pennsylvanian Species the Austria of Alps, faunas Carnic mound Formation, ostracode and Pizzul WA/P/18) WA/P/22) (sample (sample mound cover of evaluation Quantitative 1 Table Richterina auricula Carnizzia parva Solleikope h egho h ostracode, the of length the n t eypoone otro n eue an- reduced and posterior pronounced very its and Genus: Bolliidae Family: Palaeocopida Order: ostracodes Mound 4.3.1. olioeparva Solleikope aff. aff. ntefloigscinkymrhlgclfeatures morphological key section following the In .parva S. radiata striatula cf. Solleikope. p . 98.2 29 0.0 0 sp. ( p . 05.6 20 0.8 3 sp. ( Richterina aff. Keslingella pinguis p 12882.3 8 2.8 11 sp. ventricornis ( p 48530.8 3 8.5 34 sp. i.5 Fig. ) orr 1991 Fohrer, ock 1936 Boucek, ) ekr 1978 Becker, )wt t eicrua outline semi-circular its with n) ennson 1953 Henningsmoen, 8 609 27.6 98 46.0 183 N 6401 4.5 16 4.0 16 5881 3.4 12 8.8 35 99800.0 0.0 0 0 9.8 11.8 39 47 . 2.0 7 0.0 0 . 74.8 17 5.9 21 0.8 9.9 1.0 35 3 4 1.3 5 . 621.4 76 1.8 7 al 1 Table . Percent H . . tnsfrheight. for stands . N (WA/P/18) L . eesto refers Percent 8 iheia(Richterina) Richterina Genus: Entomozoidae Family: Myodocopida Order: paper. this of scope the the on discussion detailed of A relation affiliation Punciidae. an family possibly the is to There regions. shelf Zealand eebevr uhta ftepnidostracode punciid the 1963) shape of and that size, genus much corners, very cardinal resemble the Alps. at Carnic protrusions the in Group Auernig Pennsylvanian eta agn r nadel oce position. notched and deeply Dorsal H a corners. of in cardinal Measurements are the triangu- margins ear-like at ventral out- with processes provided lateral are lar ovate valves with Left line. ostracode medium-sized to aiy Punciidae? Family: than lobe anterior pronounced parva more S. much a has cies Spain in Mountains Cantabrian the ( of limestones inadGhla abntsi h ancAlps, Carnic the in ( carbonates Austria Gzhelian and vian tula mi length. in mm fingerprint mm, to similar of surface Measurements lateral patterns. its par- on anastomosing ridges delicate allel by characterized is outline anzi auricula Carnizzia Genus: H fteetr enyvna ancAp material. Alps species Carnic ostracode of Pennsylvanian smallest Measurements entire the of the one of is lobe terior olioesollei Solleikope 02 mm. =0.28 02 mm. =0.23 eea opooia etrssc sear-like as such features morphological Several hsotaoeseisi ofrrcre rmthe from recorded far so is species ostracode This ofrtegnsi ecie rmWestphalian from described is genus the far So .auricula C. hssalotaoe( ostracode small This hr sasrkn eebac to resemblance striking a is There rmteUprDvna fteHl Cross Holy the of Devonian Upper the from H and Manawa 02 m dl pcmn r .0t 0.55 to 0.50 are specimens adult mm, =0.22 Richterina Carnizzia . .parva S. .auricula C. wno (1989a,b) Swanson ( i.5 Fig. ecie by described orr 1997b Fohrer, ekr 1978 Becker, Gu orr 1991 Fohrer, orr 1997b Fohrer, i.5 Fig. onbok 1949 Hornibrook, i.5 Fig. rc,1896 ¨rich, as 1866 Sars, )i mohseldsmall- smooth-shelled a is m) rbl 1950 Pribyl, ihtePnidei beyond is Punciidae the with aff. i.5 Fig. (adult): m i.5 Fig. (adult): n striatula )wt noaelateral ovate an with k) . . n rmKasimo- from and ) . .TeSaihspe- Spanish The ). (juvenile): k rmmdr New modern from onbok(1949, Hornibrook . . ( . ihe,1848 Richter, L L .(. stria- (R.) R. 03 mm, =0.33 05 mm, =0.57 L =0.43 ). http://doc.rero.ch ecie by described h eta oe esrmnsof Measurements on L lobe. fine-grained central reticu- more and reticulation the shoulder with posterodorsal surface, distinct lated character- a is by ostracode ized The sub-rectangular. to ovate Genus: aiy Amphissitidae Family: to According poster- b and positions. antero- in margin oventral free the along openings hesac.pnus( pinguis cf. Shleesha Palaeocopida Order: ostracodes Mound-cover 4.3.2. L eta agn esrmnsof the Measurements along especially margin. one, right ventral the valve overlaps left strongly The ostracode. smooth-shelled egg-shaped, Podocopida Order: support data (1987) our Casier’s environments, water shallow in grew Anthracoporella htee hlo ae eti iesyeis style life benthic water shallow a possible. even that on 1983 occur Bless, ( rarely areas which shelf ostracodes, pelagic typically striatula (R.) iyo lntncadbnhclf oefor mode life benthic and planktonic ostracodes. a entomozoan of lity ii ihteCri lsmtra eas of between because of gap material record conspe- Carboniferous fossil is Alps middle the ostracode and Carnic this lower the the that with unlikely cific most is it ircelnlasp. Microcheilinella Genus: Pachydomellidae Family: onan nPln ( Poland in Mountains etaeInzisuren ventrale 10 mm, =1.09 04 mm, =0.48 nltrlve ti iia otespecimens the to similar is it view lateral In h aea uln of outline lateral The oeseiesshow specimens Some .(R.) R. as entomozoaceans described have authors Most Microcheilinella Shleesha Microcheilinella ). aff. ro-feod n cide,1990; Schindler, and Groos-Uffenorde . H H on(91 p 135–136) pp. (1961, Sohn ody(1983) Gooday interpretation. 06 mm. =0.67 03 mm. =0.36 ons As mounds. striatula on 1961 Sohn, Q Mu p ( sp. r yia for typical are ennson 1953 Henningsmoen, lihadBslr 1906 Bassler, and Ulrich le,1894 ¨ller, .(R.) R. ngt 1928 Knight, i.5 Fig. lmsa 1992 Olempska, es 1933 Geis, air(1987) Casier S. b ednadSh,1961 Sohn, and Berdan rdmnnl cusin occurs predominantly etaeInzisuren ventrale Anthracoporella . cf. )i eytn,oaeto ovate tiny, very a is l) niae h possibi- the indicated aff. . pinguis . striatula Microcheilinella . i.5 Fig. i.5 Fig. ekr(1988) Becker .However, ). one out pointed ( nventral In . . i.5 Fig. (adult): a (adult): l mounds Q and small , ). )is a) R. . . 9 pns nms fteseiestesie r more of are Measurements spines broken. the specimens less the or of most In spines. Genus: Paraparchitidae Family: unknown Order Group. Auernig the of limestones length. in mm 0.8 about L plicissima Scrobiculidae Family: unknown Order hvel sp. Shivaella onylasmlcsia( simplicissima Roundyella Genus: eltiacarnica Kellettina oe ietnso h uri ru n occurs and Group Auernig the in the rarely of limestones cover differ. lobes central the of carapaces the shape of the width and the however, views, dorsal and Genus: Kellettinidae Family: re:Palaeocopida Order: the in common less is Formation. It Auernig Formation. by Pizzul of stones paraparchitaceans the given of are spines revision (1971) dorsal a the and in margin dorsal the of otrdra oiino ahvle Measurements valve. mid-/ each of in on spine position large posterodorsal a with ostracode smooth-shelled rmtesimilar the from H rls h oemria rl svnrlydanin. drawn ventrally is of frill marginal Measurements more fence-like two The and frills. lobes prominent two by dominated .1mm, 0.61 = 04 mm. =0.47 i.5 Fig. hsseisi iepedi otmound-cover most in widespread is species This ovate-rectangular of surface reticulated The Shivaella h pce svr omni oto h mound- the of most in common very is species The Shivaella .carnica K. opooia etrst distinguish to features Morphological . Shivaella. Roundyella Kellettina (adult): c ( i.5 Fig. Anthracoporella p ( sp. p scmo nmudcvrlime- mound-cover in common is sp. ( i.5 Fig. H Paraparchites i.5 Fig. .6m,autseiesare specimens adult mm, 0.36 = wrz 1936 Swartz, on 1971 Sohn, L ugeiadSvtr 1975 Siveter, and Ruggieri )i oee ihmn short many with covered is b) rdil,1935 Bradfield, i.5 Fig. 16 mm, =1.64 ennson 1953 Henningsmoen, )wt t eiuae ufc is surface reticulated its with d) on 1954 Sohn, onr 1951 Posner, ct,1959 Scott, )i rpee eylarge, very preplete, a is c) ngt 1928 Knight, (adult): d . mound. uha development as such , . H . 11 mm. =1.14 i.5 Fig. . . . L ). (juvenile): b 10 mm, =1.00 . Shivaella . .sim- R. Sohn http://doc.rero.ch esrmnsof Measurements H lgtysalroe nmlsaessetbefor the susceptible ( and are processes males preparation females during in pro- in destruction ones The posterior smaller spines. structure the slightly several papillae. adventral and with distinct moderate minent provided with is is lobe margin covered posterior is The species nellid 1970 iky 1886 Kirkby, Subgenus: Hollinellidae Family: Pyr- and Spain. Mountains in Cantabrian enees the of limestones ous Genus: Alps iia ota of that to similar cardinal posterior clearly small two of mm, a lobe, Measurements and posterior spine. frills, large a developed surface, lated hispanica hispanica Aurikirkbya r bu .0m nlength. in mm 1.30 about are Genus: rare. is it Group, mounds Rattendorf the and inside Group Auernig the in common (juvenile): aiy Kirkbyidae Family: Group. Auernig the of stones ufc.Teei ako nesv oainadthe of and Measurements lobation developed. intensive weakly of are lack frills a is There surface. ( ostracode kirkbyacean large Knightina Genus: 04 mm. =0.42 h aea ufc fti eimszdholli- medium-sized this of surface lateral The olnla(Keslingella) Hollinella t itiuini h ancAp eiet is sediments Alps Carnic the in distribution Its nte eylrekrbaenotaoeis ostracode kirkbyacean large very Another Outside h pce scmo nalmudcvrlime- mound-cover all in common is species The h rdmnn opooia hrce nthis in character morphological predominant The . .hispanica A. H 06 mm. =0.60 Hollinella Aurikirkbya Knightina sp. ( L olnla(Keslingella) Hollinella Anthracoporella i.5 Fig. 10 mm, =1.01 ). ) ti hrceie yareticu- a by characterized is It f). srpre rmUprCarbonifer- Upper from reported is elt,1933 Kellett, oyl,1928 Coryell, Knightina i.5 Fig. lihadBslr 1906 Bassler, and Ulrich on 1950 Sohn, ls n odn 1971 Jordan, and Bless ekre l,1977 al., et Becker H 05m,autspecimens adult mm, =0.5 (adult): g i.5 Fig. mounds aff. i.5 Fig. p usd h Carnic the Outside sp. . . . radiata (adult): f )i h reticulated the is e) ls n Jordan, and Bless Knightina L 08 mm, =0.85 . ( oe and Jones i.5 Fig. . . L i.5 Fig. =1.30 p is sp. g). A. e 10 oseii ihtepol rsre Austrian preserved poorly not. are the or specimens material these with if unclear conspecific remains It Illinois. of (1972) .(. radiata (K.) H. hlo-aieevrnet worldwide. related environments Carboniferous closely Upper shallow-marine in and ostracodes common species are forms This Group. Rattendorf H posterior of and Measurements anterior ends. rounded with ostracode shelled aricpi sp. Bairdiocypris Genus: esof mens aiy Bairdiocyprididae Family: Podocopida Order: Group. Auernig the of limestones mound-cover Pizzul This from specimens sulcus. the Alps in median Formation. absent Carnic prominent to weak the more is sulcus from a in differ Great material mainly and U.S.A. They of Britain. strata Mississippian upper from otro agnadamdrt otro cardinal posterior moderate of Measurements a spine. and the margin at spines posterior arranged regularly three by characterized 1886 H Coryellina Genus: Leperditellidae Family: re:Palaeocopida ostracodes Order: mound-cover and Mound 4.3.3. Formation. Pizzul the of limestones 08 mm. =0.82 03 mm. =0.36 hr sasrkn eebac oseiesof specimens to resemblance striking a is There .(K.) H. Genus: Bairdia Bairdiidae Family: and Group Auernig the in occurs species The Bairdiocypris C. C. hssalszdsot-hle pce ( species smooth-shelled small-sized This ). aff. aff. rmteMnr omto uprChester) (upper Formation Menard the from Bairdiocypris Coryellina .ventricornis C. Bairdia ventricornis aff. ventricornis sp. aff. radiata p ( sp. ventricornis ecie by described co,1844 McCoy, rdil,1935 Bradfield, Mu ennson 1953 Henningsmoen, le,1894 ¨ller, ee,1932 Kegel, as 1888 Sars, i.5 Fig. slmtdt h mound-cover the to limited is slmtdt h on and mound the to limited is lihadBslr 1906 Bassler, and Ulrich i.5 Fig. otyrsmlstespeci- the resembles mostly i.5 Fig. ecie by described hvr 1961 Shaver, )i ag smooth- large a is h) (adult): h (adult): i ( . . oe n Kirkby, and Jones . ls n Jordan and Bless . . . L L on(1962) Sohn 14 mm, =1.40 05 mm, =0.54 . i.5 Fig. . )is i) http://doc.rero.ch srcd ansotie from WA/P/22, in obtained (sample ornaments mounds and faunas size, differ- abundance, obvious ostracode species indicates in analysis, ences micofacies with Discussion 5. Group Rattendorf and Group Auernig ele- limestones. all faunal abundant in most ments the are Bair- ostracodes proportions. diacean similar in limestones mound-cover of species H ey codn to According kely. on n on oe ntrso aiiy water salinity, ( of input terms siliciclastic in or cover depth, mound and mound WA/P/18, 5 (sample Fig. strata covering mound from faunas esrmnsof outline. lateral subspherical Measurements a with ostracode punctate tula listed species of those Abundance than 5.1. factors other ornament to and linked above. size, thus abundance, Differ- are ostracode base. in wave ences below environment low-energy porella parva etdb eyfwseies ifrn n fewer and Different repre- specimens. are few facies. species very mound remaining by the the sented in of numbers most large However, in occur ment, 1 ! ! ! biul elaatdt h on environ- mound the to adapted well obviously ) 09 mm. =0.98 on n on-oe ok a reported. of was content rocks terrigenous mound-cover the and mound in difference major low- No and water shallow conditions. to energy point mound- parts both and in Biota mound in strata. occur cover biota marine Fully h vlaino srcd soito,coupled association, ostracode of evaluation The Bairdia otn fda aaae ycret sunli- is currents by carapaces dead of Sorting Bairdia pcmn fol e srcd pce ( species ostracode few a only of Specimens and , , a–g, .auricula C. onsi h ancAp rwi a in grew Alps Carnic the in mounds Microcheilinella Bairdia p ( sp. al 1 Table p soeo bu he rfu different four or three about of one is sp. i.5 Fig. l fte cu ntemudand mound the in occur them of all , , .Teei odfeec between difference no is There ). iheia(Richterina) Richterina i.5 Fig. aakso (2003) Samankassou )i eylresmooth-shelled large very a is j) (adult): j p;see sp.; aakso,2002 Samankassou, i.5 Fig. k–n, i.5 Fig. Anthracoporella L al 1 Table 13 mm, =1.35 k–n, Anthraco- aff. and ) Table ). stria- S. 11 omdu-ie,weestesot-hle species smooth-shelled of the whereas medium-sized, to varies. cover mound and tiny the from atrihbtdtegon ree h pe atof part upper the even or the ground Possibly the assemblages. inhabited two latter the of ostracodes gest Shivaella ea datg o iei the in life for advantage to b seems size an small Thus, be environment. mound the Alps, in Carnic Pennsylvanian entire the the of in deposits date ostra- to found smallest species The code 4.3.1). Section see measurements oe r ml nsz (see size in small are ostra- mound codes dominant four The striking. are sizes code Size 5.2. bairdiaceans 1988 by dominated (e.g., are worldwide may open-mar- faunas and ostracode This shallow- ine open- Pennsylvanian conditions. requires why shallow-marine explain only and it marine changes, general environmental In milieus. ate both in codes pcmn ihteecpinof exception the with specimens the of representatives the genus Moreover cover. mound the environments, pedi h on oe,aerr ntemound the in rare are cover, mound facies. the in spread cypris 5 nica the ( in ( of Kirkbyidae occur Amphissitidae members species Moreover, families Most numbers. fauna. considerable mound-cover the in is organisms of cover. mound diversity the in lower general, microfacies of in results the analysis: lower well This fits abundance assemblage. relative mound the dominate species jungle ) n eltiia ( Kellettinidae and b), ntemudcvrotaoeszsvr,ranging vary, sizes ostracode mound-cover the In h ieo srcdsocrigi h mound the in occurring ostracodes of size The ifrne ewe on n on-oe ostra- mound-cover and mound between Differences arica srcdsadseislike species and ostracodes Bairdiacean h pce itiuini uhmr balanced more much is distribution species The Bairdia , ). i.5 Fig. Bairdia Q p and sp. . Anthracoporella 16 mm). (1.66 and ) coiuia ( Scrobiculidae f), Knightina Microcheilinella r h rdmnn ru fostra- of group predominant the are Bairdiocypris C. ls,18;KelradDenver, and Kaesler 1983; Bless, aff. Anthracoporella .carnica K. sp., ventricornis C. S. onscmae othe to compared mounds .parva S. aff. i.5 Fig. cf. i.5 Fig. 04 m otelarge the to mm) (0.48 .simplicissima R. p eogt h lar- the to belong sp. i.5 Fig. ventricornis pinguis Bairdia , and e –,alpictured all k–n, Anthracoporella spredominant is , i.5 Fig. r dls for adults, are k cu nboth in occur on and mound , .hispa- A. a toler- can ) wide- d), i.5 Fig. Bairdio- ssmall is , Fig. a), http://doc.rero.ch rcd sebae ifra euto h com- the of result a be different as Os- pletely to differ parameters. assemblages appears tracode paleo-environmental Formation by Pizzul controlled of cyclothem nig Conclusions 6. mound particular the to adapted environment. well obviously was aiiae oooini an in locomotion b facilitated vt uln ndra iwt h ostracode the to view dorsal in ( outline ovate cieteotaoehdoee avs nthis In valves. opened had When the ostracode environment. position the algal-mound special active very this wligi h omnlf tl for style life common the to is According dwelling sediment. the h atta ayseieso h above-men- the of specimens ( many genera tioned that fact The ainaepeoiat nsieo t outorna- robust its of spite ornamen- In delicate mentation predominant. reduced, are with tation Smooth-shelled species lobation, or structures. intensive species adventral spines, mound fence-like projecting common and All lack ornament. species their through cover Ornament as 5.3. to recorded mostly assumed are valves. mode, are interpretation. single life which epibenthic this have ostracodes, supports Palaeocopid carapaces complete iest fsupua lmnscnb observed high be a can tini- however, elements its sculptural faunas, ( of of because mound-cover diversity possibly In fauna, ness. mound the in euirte of peculiarities alga abilis together dasycladalean WA/P/22 the sample mound with in numerous quite 5 h oeo opooyi itiuinadadapta- and distribution constraints. in paleoecological or morphology tion of role the orr 1997b Fohrer, i.5 Fig. jungle )i xrml aei on-oe ape,but samples, mound-cover in rare extremely is m) srcd itiuini enyvna Auer- Pennsylvanian a in distribution Ostracode on srcdsdfe rmtoeo mound of those from differ ostracodes Mound h ostracode The . ). Q orr(1997b) Fohrer . .auricula C. .parva S. b ears Bairdia .auricula C. .39.Ti hp a have may shape This 369). p. , Anthracoporella Q .auricula C. ftelf avsgv smooth, a give valves left the of ( i.5 Fig. ihispriua morphology particular its with icse h morphological the discussed and )i omnelement common a is n) saatto oalf in life a to adaptation as Bairdiocypris nhaooel spect- Anthracoporella lutae eywell very illustrates on(1960) Sohn on iiuand milieu mound .auricula C. Anthracoporella cu as occur ) Bairdia ( mud Fig. . 12 ocrigtetxnm of taxonomy advice the helpful concerning for Germany) (Hamburg, (Tu Schallreuter Liebau A. Germany), Acknowledgements paleoecological associations. the the to Pennsylvanian understand controlled contribute that in to if parameters may and distribution study, Group basins, sequences present ostracode Auernig coeval the explain of other in results the confirmed The may of for cyclothem cyclothems. patterns representative Formation Pizzul distribution be and the mound in the algal ostracodes Auernig rocks, with the patterns of mound-cover pre- similar cyclothems the have all in Group described Because Formation paper. Pizzul sent the of those uri yltes(.. uri Formation) Auernig (e.g., in described cyclothems Auernig strik- several tendencies: are ing There environment. mound-cover h aucit .L efr n .Son Erlangen Sporn, C. and an of Neufert L. and reviews M. helpful U.K.) manuscript. of the very (London, draft provided Lord City, first referee R. the anonymous (Iowa A. of Heckel manuscript. review thorough the H. the P. for to U.S.A.) indebted particularly asubnftdfo rnso h ws National Swiss the of Saman- B. E. grants to Samankassou). from E. 247/13-1 benefited to Gr kassou 42/72 projects Fl and (DFG Fohrer work sup- our generously ported Forschungsgemeinschaft Deutsche orpoueapoofrom photo a reproduce Geolo- permission to gave The Austria) (Wien, photomicrographs. Bundesanstalt gische the prepared kindly .Otaoe fpriua opooy e.g., morphology, particular of Ostracodes 4. the in common ostracodes, ornamented Extremely 3. mound the in predominantly occur ostracodes Tiny 2. 1. on oe,aerr oasn ntemound the icula in absent to rare milieu are cover, mound milieu mound- than faunas species cover dominant of number smaller Anthracoporella ews otakG ekr(rnfr mMain, am (Frankfurt Becker G. thank to wish We srcdsi on-oe ok rmother from rocks mound-cover in Ostracodes cu nyin only occur , orr(91 1997a) (1991, Fohrer on srcd ansshow faunas ostracode mound Anthracoporella bne,Gray,adR. and Germany), ¨bingen, orr(1997a) Fohrer .auricula C. r iia to similar are mounds. eare We . .aur- C. The . http://doc.rero.ch ls,MJM,18.Lt eoinadCroieosostracode Carboniferous and Devonian Late 1983. M.J.M., Bless, & Berdan Pachydomellidae Family 1961. I.G., Sohn, J.M., Berdan, Schlie 1990. B., Fohrer, G., Becker, pala bei Inzisuren Ventrale 1988. 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