1951 Rae Bareli ,District

I Census of India, 1951 DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK UTTAR PRADESH 42-RAE BARELl DISTRICT l ALLAliABAD: SUPERINTENDENT, PRINTING AND ST~TIONERY> U'ITAR PRADESH, -INDlA 1960 __ -----------------------------------.------------1 '- .... _----- -- -- DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951 RAE BARELI ,DISTRICT FOREWORD Several Stat~~, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were, published in U. P. ul!der the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the 1951 census, when the tabulation has been more elaborate than ever in view of the require" ments of the country, the districtlWise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data wi~ break .. up for census tract~ within the district), the District 'Index of Non" ,:~.< •. agried1mral Occupations, agricultural statistics from 1901102 to 1950/51 and other mi~cellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village popuiation statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may be added here that a separate set of districtlWise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "District Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of Distr1ct Census Handbooks printed so far is fo[ty'oine Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is hoped that the remaining Handbooks wilt be printed before the end of 1955. R.AJESHW AR.I PRASAD, I.A.s., lUMPUR: Superintendettt, Census Ope"tions, December 7J I9SS· Utt" P,,4ttb CONTENTS TNTRODUCTlON- PagelJ A-The District •• i-ii B-Analysis of the Statistics iii-ix C-Explanatory Note on the Statistics . ix-xi PART I-DISTRIGr CENSUS TABLES A-GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area Houses and· Population 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-Ill Towns and Villages Classified by Population 4-S A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variations since 1901 6 A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes 7 B Area and Population of District and Tehsils by Livelihood Classes 8-9 B -ECONOMIC T ABLES- B-1 Livelihood Classes and Sub-classes lQ-...13 B-lI Secondary Means of Livelihood .• 14-21 B-lli Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions .• 22-52 B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes 53-54 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations 55-59 C-HOUSEHOLD AND AGE (SAMPLE) TABLES C-I Household (Size and Composition) 60-61 CII Livelihood Classes by Age-groups 62-67 CIlI Age and Civil Condition 68-71 CIV Age and Literacy 72-75 C-V Single Year Age Returns 76-83 'D-SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES- D-I Languages (i) Mother Tongue 84-85 (ii) Bilingualism .'. 86-87 D-ll Religion ., 88-89 D-lD Scheduled Castes 88--89 D-IV Migrants •• 90-93 D-V (i) Displaced persons by year of arrival in India 94--95 (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 94-95 D-Vl Non-Indian Nationals 94-95 D-Vn Livelihood Classes by Educational Standards 96-101 PART II-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA STATISTICS 1 PrimaryOensus Abstract 104-17J 2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 172 PARr III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS 1 Vital Statistics 174-177 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) Rainfall .• 178-179 (ii) Area as classified with details of area under cultivation •• 180-183 (iii) Cropped Area 184-199 (iv) Irrigated Area 200-203 3 Live-Stock, Agricultural Machinery and Implements 204-207 4 List of Primary Schools •• 208-213 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT 1. The district of Rae Bareli forms the southernmost portion of the Lucknow division. It is bounded on the north by the Mohanlalganj tehsil of Lucknow and Haidarganj of Bara Banki, on the east by the Musafirkhana tehsil of Sultanpur, and on the south-east by pargana Ath~ha and Kunda tehsil of Pratapgarh ; to the south the boundary is formed by the Gang~, WhlCh separates the district from Fatehpur and for a very short distance from Allahabad; whIle on the west Rae Bareli marches with the Purwa tehsil of the Unnao District. The district has an area of 1,765 square miles and its population in 1951 was 11'6 lakhs. It has 4 tehsils, 15 parganas and 13 thanas. 2. The district on the whole is gently undulating. The general slope is from north-west Topography to south-east, and this direction is taken by all the rivers which, although many of them are of small size, serve to define the natural divisions of the country. Starting from the south there is the low lying alluvial khadar or kachhar of the Ganga, which consists of the land lying under the old high bank of the river. It is of two descriptions. In the first place there is a series of alluvial fiats separated from the high bank by old channels, sometimes partially silted up and somtitimes carrying a volume of water during the rains. In wet seasons this tract is always under water and cultivation is only possible in the rabi harvest. Generally, a tract of good kachhar remains cul- tivable for a succession of years and the fresh deposit can seldom be cultivated until the soil has been bound together for a series of flood seasons by the root of tamarisk, which springs up as soon as the ground can support any vegetation. The other portion of the kachhar is the tract lying between this purely alluvial land and the old high bank which in places recedes far from the course of the stream. Here the fields are often well proteCted from the incursions of the river. Above the old high bank of the_Ganga there stretches inland a raised upland tract which drains directly into the Ganga or into the Loni by means of the tributary water courses. Follow ing the Ganga eastwards, this belt gradually narrows until close to Dalmau·; it extends little more than a mile from the river, but the variations are great. The average breadth of this tract through out Dalmau and Salon is about four miles. Further east the Chob and other small streams again widen the area of direct drainage. The tract is well-wooded. The sarpat grass, which grows near the river provides remunerative occupations for the labouring population. As the river sank into its present depressed bed, the plateau of alluvial deposit was cut up by the network of tributary channels by means of which the heavier particles of original clay deposit have been swept out of soil. The result is a series of plateaux separated from each other by nalas. To the north of this upland tract the land sinks again, and the light soil gives place to a belt of stiff clay interspersed with broad and shallow swamps and plains of barren usar. It extends from Khiron in the west, past Lalganj and Thalr.ai, to Bela Bhela in Rae Bareli and Rohanian in Salon. Most of the cultivated land is of good productive soil; a peculiarity of this tract is the abrupt transfer from such land to absolutely unculturable usar. The principal crop of the tract is rice, and in a large portion of the cultivated area the soil is too stiff to admit of a rabi crop being grown. Wandering through this tract of stiff soil from one end of the district to the other, is a chain ofjhils more or less connected with each other. These are different from the rest in that they are deep and narrow, and their shape is characterized by extensive loops and bends. They appear to be the remains of an old river bed. The soil is not stiffer than a light loam and here and there the land rises into sandy bhur of the poorest description. It is very easily and seriously affected by heavy rainfall. The central tract is that which lies on both sides of the Sai throughout its course. This generally resembles the uplands along the Ganga, but the soil is generally inferior to that of the latter. The width of the tract varies with the extent of the area of direct drainage into Sai itself or its tributaries. Almost the whole of the rest of the district comprises the northern tract. It is situated in a firm loam or clay soil, in which rice is the principal crop. In pargana Inhauna to tlle extreme north-east the land is somewhat lighter in character as it approaches the Gomti, and along the Sam raita Naiya the direct drainage has some infiuence on the soil of the villages of the parganas along its banks. Elsewhere the soil of this tract is a stiff loam or a heavy clay, and these prevail throug.hout the whole of Maharajganj tehsil with .the exception of a portion of Bachhrawan along the Sal, and also cover a large part of Rae Bareh and the whole of Rokha Jais. There are abun dant means of irrigation as swamps and jhils abound throughout the tract. 3. The principal natural soils are maliar or clay, dumat or loam, and bhur or sand. [n the Soils grea~er part of. the district loam of varying consistency is to be found, which changes by imper ceptIble gradatlOns to maliar or bhur, according to the degree of drainage and to the relative level of land in the i.mmedi~te neighbourhood .

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