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Figlie Illustrissime FIGLIE ILLUSTRISSIME SUL RUOLO DELLE DONNE SACERDOTESSE E DETENTRICI DI CARICHE PUBBLICHE NEL CONTESTO POLITICO E SOCIALE DI EFESO E STRATONIKEIA IN CARIA Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil) der Fakultaẗ fur̈ Geisteswissenschaften Fachbereich Alte Geschichte der Universität Hamburg Vorgelegt von Giulia Sessa aus Alcamo ________________________________________ Hamburg, Juli 2019 1 Erste Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Kaja Harter-Uibopuu (Alte Geschichte - Hamburg) Zweiter Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Helmut Halfmann (Alte Geschichte - Hamburg) Nebenfachvertreter in der Prufung̈ : Prof. Dr. Klaus Hallof (Iscriptiones Graecae - Berlin-Brandeburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften) Die mundlichë Prufung̈ (disputatio) fand am 9. November 2019 statt. 2 Eidesstattliche Erklarung̈ Ich versichere an Eides Statt durch meine eigenhandigë Unterschrift, dass ich die bei- liegende Arbeit selbstandig̈ und ohne fremde Hilfe angefertigt und alle Stellen, die wortlicḧ oder anna-̈ hernd wortlicḧ aus Veroffentlichungen̈ entnommen sind, als sol- che kenntlich gemacht habe. Außerdem habe ich mich keiner anderen als der angege- benen Literatur bedient. Diese Versi- cherung bezieht sich auch auf zur Arbeit gehorigë Zeichnungen, Skizzen, bildliche Darstel- lungen etc. _____________ ___________________________ Ort, Datum Unterschrift (Vor- und Nachname) 3 RINGRAZIAMENTI Questo lavoro è il riadattamento parziale della tesi di Dottorato discussa in data 9 No- vembre 2019 all'Universität Hamburg. La tesi, composta tra l'aprile del 2016 e luglio 2019, è stata prodotta sotto la supervisione incostante del Prof. Dr. Helmut Halfmann e della Prof.essa Dr. Kaja Harter Uibopuu. Il lavoro di redazione, non sempre facile, è stato portato avanti tra la Germania e il Ca- nada. Ringrazio l'Universität Hamburg per gli anni trascorsi lì, per avermi dato la pos- sibilità di lavorare a due differenti progetti di ricerca, di vincere la borsa di studio per il Ph.D e per avere finanziato un Forschungsreise in Turchia nel settembre 2018. Hamburg rimarrà sempre nel mio cuore, è la città che mi ha vista arrivare ragazzina e mi ha vista ripartire donna. Ringrazio l'University of Toronto dove ho soggiornato più volte nel 2018 come visiting student affidata alle cure del Prof. Dr. Bendlin, verso cui nutro una sincera stima perso- nale e professionale. Con la stessa stima sincera, ma per motivi differenti, ringrazio il Prof. Dr. Hallof, direttore dell'Inscriptiones Graecae di Berlino, Istituto di Ricerca della Branderbugische Akademie der Wissenschaften presso cui ho avuto l'onore di lavorare attra- verso due differenti stages nel 2017 e nel 2018. La serietà e la passione del team dell'IG, insieme al caffè delle 15:00, rimarranno sempre uno dei ricordi più belli di questa espe- rienza,. Ringrazio tutti coloro che, vicini o lontani, hanno condiviso con me le gioie, i dolori e gli anni ad Hamburg: Marta, Federica, mia madre, i miei fratelli e tutti coloro che mi hanno supportata, anche inconsapevolmente, dandomi la forza di non demordere e di concludere questo percorso, nonostante tutto. In ultimo, ma non per importanza, ringrazio Antonio, oggi mio marito, ennesimo regalo della città anseatica senza cui molto di ciò che ho scritto non sarebbe venuto a galla. Lo ringrazio, al di là dell'amore, per essere stato il faro, nelle notti più buie. Bolzano, 28.04.2020 4 INDICE Elenco abbreviazioni 8 Introduzione 11 Capitolo I - Premesse storiche 1. La città microasiatica. 16 2. Donne d'Asia 18 3. Donne e cariche pubbliche 22 4. Figlie d'Asia 25 Capitolo II - Stratonikeia 1. Breve storia della città 28 1.2. Il Senatus consultum de Stratonicensibus 29 1.3. Struttura cittadina 32 2. Culti cittadini 33 2.1. Il Santuario di Hekate a Lagina 34 2.1.1. Feste in onore di Hekate 35 2.2. Il Santuario di Zeus ed Hera a Panamara 36 2.2.1. Feste in onore delle divinità 38 2.2.2. La Lega di Panamara 41 2.3. Culti minori 43 3. Donne di Stratonikeia 45 3.1. Vita e opere delle stratonicensi illustri 51 Riflessioni 4. Santuari cittadini 79 4.1. Durata del sacerdozio 81 4.2. Assunzione del sacerdozio 83 4.3. Onomastica 84 4.4. Titoli onorifici 85 4.5. Collocazione delle iscrizioni 89 4.6. Il lessico 91 4.7. Networking e background economico 92 4.7.1. La discendenza di Claudia Mamalon 93 4.7.2. Famiglia di Tatarion Polynike Apphias 96 4.7.3. La stirpe di Aelia Tryphaina Drakontis 97 5. Conclusioni - Stratonikeia 100 5 Capitolo III - Efeso 1. Breve storia della città 102 1.1. Storia della città prima della battaglia di Azio 103 1.2. Storia della città dopo la battaglia di Azio 104 1.3. La neocoria: significato politico e sociale 109 1.4. Avvento del Cristianesimo 112 2. Culti cittadini: Artemide Efesia 113 2.1. L'Artemision 114 2.1.1. Le sacerdotesse 115 2.1.2. Feste e riti 117 2.1.3. I Cureti 119 2.2. Culti minori 120 2.3. La Pritania 122 2.3.1. Hestia e il culto del fuoco 122 2.3.2. Carica pubbica cittadina: il valore della Pritania 124 2.3.3. Le pritane e le iscrizioni del Prytaneion 124 2.4. Struttura cittadina 125 3. Efesine per nascita, efesine per adozione 127 3.1. Epigrafi e autorità 128 3.2. Vita e opere delle efesine illustri 133 Riflessioni 4. Famiglie e santuari cittadini 163 4.1. Cariche pubbliche e cariche religiose 164 4.2. Background economico 166 4.3. Onomastica 167 4.4. Titoli onorifici 168 4.5. Collocazione delle iscrizioni 169 4.6. Il lessico 171 4.7. Networking e strategie familiari 172 4.7.1. Le donne dei Vedii 173 4.7.2. La discendenza di Iulia Polla 176 4.7.3. La stirpe di Claudia Caninia Severa 179 5. Conclusioni - Efeso 181 Conclusioni Segni diacritici 187 Bibliografia 188 6 Indice dei nomi 217 Foto 220 Tabelle Tabella 1 - Donne di Stratonikeia tra sacerdozio e cariche pubbliche 48 Tabella 2 - Famiglia di Claudia Mamalon e titoli onorifici 88 Tabella 3 - Sacerdotesse del culto imperiale a Efeso 107 Tabella 4 - Sacerdotesse e cosmeteirai del culto di Artemide a Efeso 116 Tabella 5 - Donne di Efeso tra sacerdozio e cariche pubbliche 130 7 Elenco abbreviazioni AE Année épigraphique - Paris 1888- AJA American Journal of Archaeology - Baltimore, 1885- AJAH American Journal of Ancient History - Harvard 1976- AJPh American Journal of Philology - Baltimore 1880- BCH Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique - Paris 1877- BE Bulletin épigraphique - Paris 1888- CIG Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum - Berlin 1828-1877. EA Epigraphica Anatolica - Bonn, 1983- Ét. Anat. L. Robert, Études anatoliennes: recherches sur les inscriptions grecques de l’Asie Mineure - Études orientales publiées par l’In- stitut français d’archéologie de Stamboul, 5 - Paris 1937. Hellenica L. Robert, Hellenica. Recueil d’épigraphie et de numismatique et d’antiquité grecques - Paris 1940. Holleaux M. Holleaux, Études d’épigraphie et d’histoire grecques I-VI - Paris 1938-68. I.Ephesos H. Wankel (ed.) Die Inschriften von Ephesos, Teil 1: Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 11,1 - Bonn 1979. C. Börker und R. Merkelbach (ed.) Die Inschriften von Ephesos, Teil 2 (101 - 599): Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 12 - Bonn 1979. H. Engelmann, D. Knibbe und R. Merkelbach (ed.) Die Inschrif- ten von Ephesos, Teil 3 (600 - 1000): Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 13 - Bonn 1980. H. Engelmann, D. Knibbe und R. Merkelbach (ed.) Die Inschrif- ten von Ephesos, Teil 4 (1001 - 1445): Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 14 (Bonn, 1980) C. Börker und R. Merkelbach (ed.) Die Inschriften von Ephesos, Teil 5 (1446 - 2000): Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Klein- asien 15 - Bonn 1980. C. Börker und R. Merkelbach (ed.) Die Inschriften von Ephesos, Teil 6 (2001 - 2958): Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Klein- asien 16 - Bonn 1980. R. Meri (ed.) Die Inschriften von Ephesos, Teil 7,1(3001 - 3500) e Teil 7, 2. (3501 - 5115): Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 17.1 und 17.2 - Bonn 1981. H. Engelmann und J. Nollé (ed.) Die Inschriften von Ephesos, Teil 8, 1 (Wortindex) und 8, 2 (Verzeichnis der Eigennamen). In- schriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 17.3 und 17.4. - Bonn 1984. 8 C. Börker, R. Merkelbach, H. Engelmann, D. Knibbe ed., Habel Die Inschriften von Ephesos, 12. Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 38 - Bonn, 1979. IG Inscriptiones Graecae - Berlin 1873- IGR R. Cagnat, G. Lafaye (ed.) Inscriptiones Graecae ad res Romanas pertinentes. Tomus tertius - Paris 1906-1927. I.Labraunda J. Crampa, Labraunda. Swedish excavations and researches volumi III, 1 - III, 2 - Lund, 1972. I.Perge M. Ç. Şahin (ed.) Die Inschriften von Perge, Inschriften griechi- scher Städte aus Kleinasien 54 - Bonn 1999. I.Selge J. Nollé - F. Schindler, (ed.) Die Inschriften von Selge. Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 37 - Bonn 1991. I.Stratonikeia M. Ç. Şahin (ed.) Die Inschriften von Stratonikeia I: Panamara, Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 21 - Bonn 1981. M. Ç. Şahin (ed.) Die Inschriften von Stratonikeia II, 1: Lagina, Stratonikeia und Umgebung, Inschriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 22,1 - Bonn 1982. M. Ç. Şahin (ed.) Die Inschriften von Stratonikeia Teil II,2, In- schriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 22,2 - Bonn 1990. M. Ç. Şahin (ed.) Die Inschriften von Stratonikeia Teil III, In- schriften griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 68 - Bonn 2010. JRS Journal (The) of Roman Studies - London 1910 - JӦAI Jahreshefte des österreichischen archäologischen Instituts in Wien - Wien 1898-1924. LSAM F. Sokolowski, Lois sacrées de l'Asie Mineure - Paris 1955. LW Le Bas e W. H. Waddington, Voyage arch eologiqué en Grèce et en Asie Mineure - Paris 1870. MAMA Monumenta Asiae Minoris Antiqua - Manchester/London 1928 - Merkelbach - R. Merkelbach - J. Stauber (ed.) Steinepigramme aus dem grie- Stauber chischen Osten, I. Die Westküste Kleinasiens von Knidos bis Ilion - Stuttgart 1998. RE A. Pauly - G. Wissowa (ed.) Paulys Realencyclopädie der classi- schen Altertumswissenschaft - Stuttgart 1894-1972.
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