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Habitat Types on the Hanford Site: Wildlife and Plant Species of Concern

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Habitat Types on the Hanford Site: Wildlife and Plant Species of Concern 00414:J .. ~/ I PNL-8942 UC-702 _.---._ Habitat Types on the Hanford Site: Wildlife and Plant Species of Concern J. L. Downs R. M. Mazaika W. H. Rickard D. A. Neitzel C. A. Brandt L. E. Rogers L. L. Cadwell M. R. Sackschewsky C. E. Cushing J. J. Nugent D.R. Geist December 1993 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 Pacific Northwest Laboratory Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor Battelle Memorial Institute, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORY operated by BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE for the UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 ) Printed in the United States of America Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; prices available from (615) 576-8401. FTS 626-8401. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161. ) ·• ' @The contents of this.report were printed on recycled paper 9513;3'1? ~2226 PNL-8942 UC-702 Habitat Types on the Hanford Site: Wildlife and Plant Species of Concern J. L. Downs , W. H. Rickard , C. A. Brandt l L. L. Cadwell , . C. E. Cushing D.R. Geist R. M. Mazaika D. A. Neitzel L. E. Rogers M. R. Sackschews1cy<a) J. J. Nugent December 1993 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 Pacific Northwest Laboratory Richland, Washington 99352 (a) Westinghouse Hanford Company Richland, Washington THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK . Executive Summary The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive source of the best available information on Hanford Site sensitive and critical habitats and plants and animals of importance or special status, as defined in the "Hanford Site Baseline Risk Assessment Methodology" (DOE 1993a). The information can be used in environmental evaluations for baseline risk assessments of the Site to determine the environmental effects of remedial actions and provide a basis for assessing the cumulative impacts of multiple actions. Pacific Northwest Laboratory and Westinghouse Hanford Company worked together to compile the information, which has been collected through basic research programs, monitoring programs, and educational endeavors. In this report, sensitive habitats include areas known to be used by threatened, endangered, or sensitive plant or animal species, wetlands, preserves and refuges, and other sensitive habitats outlined in the Hanford Site Baseline Risk Assessment Methodology. Potentially important species for risk assessment and species of special concern with regard to their status as threatened, endangered, or sensitive are described, and potential habitats for these species identified. The following primary habitat types for the Hanford Site are shown ·on µ1aps and described according to vegetation association and topography: · • basalt outcrops, scarps and scree • riparian streams and springs • shrub-steppe on slopes • sand dunes and blowouts • abandoned fields/disturbed areas • shrub-steppe on the Columbia River Plain. Old-growth shrub-steppe habitat on the Columbia River Plain and on the slopes of surrounding hillsides provides important habitat for a number of plant and animal species of concern that depend on the shrub component, usually sagebrush, for nesting, food, and protection. Riparian areas associated with springs and streams and the Columbia River are also important habitat areas for many bird species of concern and for wetland-sensitive plant species. The relatively pristine Arid Lands Ecology Reserve provides important habitat for large and small mammals, birds of prey, and amphibians and reptiles that may not occur on the Columbia River Plain. Rattlesnake Ridge and Umtanum Ridge are potential areas of concern for several sensitive plant species. Shrub-steppe and riparian habitat available for species of concern on the Hanford Site may become a more critical issue as agricultural, industrial, and urban development decrease the amount of these habitat types elsewhere in eastern Washington. lll THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 9513.:3'1? .. 2228 Contents Executive Summary . iii 1.0 Introduction .. .. ... ... ... ......... .......... .. .. .. ... 1.1 1.1 Site Description . 1.2 1.2 Site Administration ... ........... ..... ............. 1.2 2.0 Shrub-Steppe Habitats on the Hanford Site ................ ..... .. .... 2.1 2.1 Basalt Outcrops, Scarps, and Screes ........... .. ... ... .. .... .. 2.2 2.2 Riparian Habitats Along Streams and Springs .. ......... .......... 2.9 2.3 Sagebrush/Bunchgrass Habitats ....... ...... .. ....... ...... 2.10 2.4 Riverine/Riparian Habitat Along the Columbia River ............ ... 2.10 2.4.1 Emergent Habitats and Wetlands . ......... -........... ..... 2.11 2.4.2 Island Habitats ... ...... ....... .... .. ......... ... 2.12 2.4.3 Ringold Bluffs 2.14 2.5 Sand Dunes and Blowouts ... ..... .. ......... ... ... .. 2.14 2.6 Abandoned Field Habitat and Other Disturbed Habitat Types ............. 2.15 2. 7 Shrub-Steppe Habitat on the Columbia River Plain .................... 2.16 2. 7 .1 Shrubs/Sandberg's Bluegrass or Cheatgrass Habitat ...... .. .. .. 2.16 2.7.2 Recovering Sagebrush Habitat on the Columbia River Plain . ......... 2.21 2.7.3 Hopsage and Greasewood Stands . ........... .. ....... .. ... 2.21 3.0 Important Wildlife Species on the Hanford Site ........... .... .. 3.1 3.1 Avian Species on the Hanford Site ......................... .. 3.1 3 .1 .1 Riparian/Riverine Avian Species . 3.3 3 .1. 2 Rap tor Species . 3.5 V 3.1.3 Passerine Species 3.6 3.1.4 Upland Game Birds . 3.7 3.2 Mammalian Species . 3.7 3.3 Reptiles and Amphibians . 3.13 3.4 Terrestrial and Aquatic Invertebrates . 3.14 3.5 Fisheries . 3.16 4.0 Plant Species of Concern . 4.1 4.1 Riparian and Wetland Species . 4.1 4.2 Upland Plant Species . 4.2 5.0 Potential Areas of Sensitive or Critical Habitat . 5.1 6. 0 References . 6 .1 Appendix A - Locations of Selected Species of Concern on the Hanford Site . A.1 vi Figures I. I Location and Major Features of the Hanford Site Within the Shrub-Steppe Eco region . 1. 3 2.1 Generalized Soils Map for the Hanford Site . 2.3 2.2 Diagrammatic Representation of the Distribution of Hanford Site Habitats in Relation to Topographic Features . 2.5 2.3 Distribution and Extent of Habitat Types Across the Hanford Site . 2. 7 2.4 Major Wetland Areas on the Hanford Site . 2.13 2.5 Cheatgrass Abandoned Field and Disturbed Habitat Types on the Hanford Site . 2.17 2.6 Percent Cover of Grasses on Undisturbed Habitats Near Basalt Waste Isolation Project Boreholes in 1989-1990 ................· . 2.19 2.7 Density of Shrubs on Undisturbed Habitats Near Basalt Waste Isolation Project Boreholes in 1989-1990 . 2.20 3.1 Major Fall Chinook Salmon Spawning Areas in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River . 3 .17 4.1 · Locations of Plant Populations of Concern on the Hanford Site . 4.3 A.1 Previously Recorded Loggerhead Shrike Nest Locations on the Hanford Site . A.1 A.2 Known Bald Eagle Roosting Sites on the Hanford Site . A.2 A.3 Ferruginous Hawk Nest Locations on the Hanford Site . A.3 A.4 Swainson's Hawk Nest Locations on the Hanford Site, 1992 . A.4 A.5 Radiotelemetry Relocation Positions for Elk on the Hanford Site . A.5 Vil Tables 1.1 References Summarizing Information on Hanford Site Wildlife, Plants, and Ecology . 1.5 2.1 Islands of the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River Identified by Number and Area . 2.14 3 .1 Threatened, Endangered, Candidate, and Monitor Birds on the Hanford Site . 3 .2 3.2 Mammals Existing on the Hanford Site ............................. ·. 3.8 3.3 Common Reptiles and Amphibians of Shrub-Steppe Habitats on the Hanford Site 3.14 3 .4 Relative Abundance of Insect Tax.a Collected from Sagebrush, Rabbitbrush, and Hopsage . 3.15 4.1 Status of Plant Species of Concern on the Hanford .Site . 4.2 Vlll 9513:34? <t2230 1.0 Introduction Biological reviews, ecological risk assessments, environmental compliance activities, environmental restorations under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), and facility planning for the Hanford Site all require information concerning sensitive and critical habitats as well as plants and animal species of concern on the Site. Throughout the operational history of the Hanford Site, various research projects, monitoring programs, and educational endeavors have collected and compiled data concerning the plants and animals of the Site and their habitats. This report summarizes the collective knowledge to date on sensitive and critical
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