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Seti^ Parlayed on Ttrtns of Equality with Nine Powers of the World Tnctu4iing

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Seti^ Parlayed on Ttrtns of Equality with Nine Powers of the World Tnctu4iing Seti^ parlayed on ttrtns of equality with nine Powers of the world tnctu4iing Japan, Germany uud Italy after establishing the Provisional GovernMeni of Free India OK 21st October, 194S, for the first time in Indian Historv since British Rule began. UNTO HIM A, NXaTNESS ^., . THE STORY HBiMt ^.U-9C NETAJI SUBHAS CH>iwUKA BUSt IN EAST ASIA S. A. AYER PROCESSED \\^> PRESENTED BY J. {Ughotham Reddy "BriiMlavan" 17J. Fateh Maidan North Rd; IH>derabad-30 0 004 THACKER & C6., LTD. BOMBAY .•^i..-.>^ •j.TJ^l.. LUJ. •' —' • ' ''* TO ALL KNO^'N AND VNKNO^'K WARRJOFS OF INDIA'S INDEPENDENCE CONTENTS PREFACE Page WHY THIS BOOK? ix NETAJI AND I11YSEX.F . xxii ROAD TO DELHI . xxviii PART ONE CHAP. I A DRE^V^I BECO3IES A REALITV 1 CHAP. II EPIC IN EAST ASL\ 5 CHAP. in HISTORIC RETREAT 1-i CHAP. JV THE FORCED 3L\Rcn 25 CHAP. V ENCIKCLIXG GLOOM 48 CHAP. VI THE LAST FLIGHT 6e> CHAP. VII THE SAD, SAD NEWS 7-t CHAP. vni. Ix VANQUISHED JAPAN 93 CHAP. IX. FEARS AND TEARS 107 CHAP. X. THE CALL FROM THE RED FORT 118 CHAP. XI. UNTO HIM A WITN-ESS 132 PART TWO CHAP. I. DAWN OF FREEDOM—^BEHIND THE SCENES .... 153 CHAP. II LIFE WITH NETAJI—THE REAL ISLLS 1G7 CHAP. III CRUCL\L DAYS—A LEADER'S iviETTLE IS-i CHAP. VI INDIA'S ^VIOIY OF LIBERATION . 210 CHAP. V STATESILVN AND DIPLOJIAT 215 PART THREE CHAP. I NETAJI THE SAVIOUR . • 23.3 CHAP. II FLASHES OF THE FIGHTER 240 CHAP. in DEMOCRAT OR DICTATOR ? 250 CHAP. TX GANDHI Ay;D SUBHAS 255 CHAP. V i\lART\-R AND i\LA.N OF GOD 263 CHAP. VI IS NETAJI ALIVE I 272 CHAP. ATI NETAJI'S ^MESSAGE TO FREE IN-DIA 27G CHAP. vni NETAJI IN FREE INDIA . 282 EPILOGUE 295 APP. I A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH . 299 APP. n AZAD HIND GOVERN^^IENT PROCLAMATIO 303 Vill CONTENTS Page APP. III. RADIO APPEAL .... 307 APP. W. ORDER OF THE DAY . .317 APP. V. MESSAGE TO INDIANS AND BURMESE 319 APP. VI, SPECXAL ORDER OF THE DAY : IMALAYA 320 APP. VII. ^MESSAGE TO INDIANS IN EAST ASIA . 321 APP. vni. WORKING COMHITTEE RESOLUTIONS . 322 APP. IX. EXTRACTS : RED FORT TRIAL EVIDENCE 324 APP. X. RESOLUTIONS AT THE INA RALLY . 380 APP. XI. ^IEMORANDUM TO THE PRIME MINISTER 333 APP. xn. INA SYJIPATHISERS' MEETING . 335 APP. XIII. NETAJI'S ]\LARRL\GE . 336 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS NETAJI SUBHAS CHANDRA ROSE . Fronlispiece Facing Page NETAJI ]\IEETS GEN'ERAL TOJO .... 3 THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNTMENT OF AZAD HIND . 9 THE NATIONAL FLAG FLIES ON DELHI'S HISTORIC FORT 136 INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY RALLY AT RED FORT . 137 NETAJI PAYS VISIT TO J\IITSURO TOYAMA . 196 A. YELLAPPA, CHAIRMAN, INDIAN INDEPENDENCE LEAGUE ....... 196 NETAJI AS SUPREME COMMANDER OF INA . 210 NETAJI IN A JIOAIENT OF RELAXATION . 212 NETAJI MEETS JAPANESE FOREIGN 5II^^STER, Ms,. IMAMORU SHIGEMITSU ..... 224 NETAJI IS GREETED BY ADIPADI DR. BA. IVIAW . 224 NETAJI ADDRESSES A PRESS CONFERENCE . 233 THE AUTHOR, WITH SURVIVORS OF TAIHOKU AIR CRASH 273 NETAJI'S V/IFE AND CHILD .... 275 LEADERS AT THE FIRST INA CONVENTION AT DELHI . 280 CHIEF ^MINISTER KHER INAUGURATES INA RALLY . 280 PRELIMINARY JIEETING OF DELEGATES TO FOURTH INA RALLY . .281 PREFACE MIIY THIS BOOK? NDIA todaj' stands at the crossroads of her destiny. I • : She is no doubt free, but her freedom is threatened both from inside her borders and from outside. The growing conflict within the cotmtrj'^ beto'eenthe forces of conservatism and reaction on the one hand and the forces of anarchy on the other, threatens to destroy the newly-won freedom. A more formidable menace to India's tivo-year-old Sovereign Democratic Republic is the attempted division of the whole world into two warring camps; each of these two camps feels that it must destroy the other for the ultimate good of humanit}-, and demands the loyalty of aU the unattached nations ; and, both of these camps, each for its own reasons, could and might destroy smaller countries audacious enough to remain neutral if and when the Tliird World War comes. India, under the leadership of Prime Jlinister Jawaharlal Nehru, has chosen the path of peace and is bent on averting war. But, what will happen to her if she fails to bring about peace bet^veen the two rival World Powers ? Not only her neutrality, but her freedom itself would be at stake in the event of another world war. It is in this sense that India todaj' stands at the crossroads of her destiny.' But ten years ago, also, India faced a similar crisis in her historj'. The only diflerence is this: Now the question is how to keep her freedom ? Ten years ago, the question was how to win her freedom ? One of her most illustrious sons faced the crisis ten years ago with the ovenvhelming support of nearly three million Indians in East Asia, won a number of battles though he lost the war, and scored an overall moral victorj- over the mightj- British Empire. He waged an armed war for India's Independence to supplement the heroic, unarmed and unequal war of the people inside X PREFACE India under the leadership of Mahalma Gandhi. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose formed the first Government of Free India outside India's borders in October 1943 and led an Indian Army of Liberation against the alien rulers entrenched in Indian soil. What might have happened if Netaji and his Indian National Army had not fought the British, could be left to the speculation of future historians. Suffice it to say that Netaji did wage India's Second War of Independence, and hastened India's Freedom by at least ten years. The crisis was over in August 1947. The British rulers quit India, though allegiance to the British King continued tiU January 1950, when India proclaimed herself a Sovereign Democratic RepubUc with a Constitution of her own making. I was also a humble participant in the Indian Freedom Movement led by Netaji in East Asia in the years 1943 to 1945 ; in fact, I had the exceptional good forlime to be very near him during the historic twenty-four months when Netaji toiled day and night to open and fight a Second Front against the British across India's eastern border. Being an eye-witness to the manner in which Netaji faced that crisis in India's history, I have ventured to write this book in the firm belief that it might be of some small service to the India of today—standing once again at the crossroads of her Destiny, as she did ten years ago. Netaji's life and achievements have a message for the Indians of today and for the generations of Indians yet luibom. More of this later. I flew to Bangkok in November 1940, fifteen months after the outbreak of World War II, as Reuter's Special Correspondent, to report on the gathering war clouds in East Asia; Japan came into the World W"ar on December 8, 1941: I tried to escape to India but failed; Rash Behari Bose, the veteran Indian Revolutionary and poHtical exile in Japan, launched the Indian Independence Movement and made Bangkok his Headquarters in June 1942 ; M. Sivaram, the only Indian newspaper editor in Thailand for ten long PREFACE XI years, threw up everything and enlisted under Rasli Behari's banner and dragged me also along with him : the Hcail- quarters were shifted to Singapore in JIarch 1943, thirteen months after the British surrender of Singapore to the Japanese ; Netaji Suohas Ch.andra Bose arrived in Singapore in July 1943 and assumed the leadership of the Independence Movement; the exquisite grace with which Rash Behari Bose handed over the leadership of the historic movement to Subhas Chandra Bose will remain one of the unforgettable chapters in the history of India's struggle for Freedom. EASH BEHARI BOSE Whatever the nierits or demerits of the way Rash Behari handled the Japanese, even his worst enemy had no reason to question his burning love for India till the last breath of his life; his only ambition till the last wa^ to lay his tired bones on the soil of liberated India: and, in spite of his frail health, the old man toiled to realise this dream, in the face of heaw odds, gloom and many a crisis. The old man rose to his highest stature in the eyes of all Indians in East Asia at that momentous meeting of {i%-e thousand representative Indians at the Cathay Cinema Hall (Singapore) on the 4th of July 1943, when he handed over the leadership of the INA and the IIL to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in a sporting and magnanimous speech. It was also Rash Behari's last public utterance. True to his word, he then effaced himself in favour of Netaji and was content to remain in the background and to follow Netaji as a- true soldier. With natural ease, he rose high above petty-minded men, pettj- thoughts, petty jealousies, pettj- intrigues, and petty back-bitings. When I first met him at a hotel in Bangkok in May 1942, I did so under peculiar circumstances. I v.eat to him with an amount of prejudice^against him, and full of doubts and suspicions about his real intentions. He oSernd me a seat across the table. I sat down. He looked straight XII PREFACE into my eyes and, with a disarming smile, came straight to the point. " Well, Mr. Ayer, I am told you have been Reuters Correspondent here tiU now.
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