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Teuxos 1 2011 Tel.Qxd:Hst Protupo ÉTUDES HELLÉNIQUES / HELLENIC STUDIES Études Helléniques / Hellenic Studies DIRECTEURS / EDITORS Stephanos CONSTANTINIDES Centre for Hellenic Studies and Research Canada-KEEK Michael DAMANAKIS University of Crete - Greece Panayotis Tsakonas University of the Aegean - Greece ÉDITEUR EXTERNE / EXTERNAL EDITOR Kathryn RADFORD McGill University - Canada COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION / EDITORIAL BOARD Ioannis ARMAKOLAS University of Macedonia (Greece) Paris ARNOPOULOS Concordia University (Canada) Jacques BOUCHARD Université de Montréal (Canada) Jean CATSIAPIS Université de Paris X (France) Georgia CATSIMALI University of Crete (Greece) Peter CHIMBOS University of Western Ontario (Canada) Van COUFOUDAKIS University of Nicosia (Cyprus) Marios EVRIVIADES Panteion University (Greece) Kostas GOULIAMOS European University (Cyprus) Maria HERODOTOU La Trobe University, (Australia) Antonios HOURDAKIS University of Crete (Greece) Kostas IFANTIS University of Athens (Greece) Joseph JOSEPH Universtity of Cyprus (Cyprus) George KANARAKIS Charles Sturt University - Bathurst (Australia) Dimitrios KARAGEORGOS University of Crete (Greece) Alexander KITROEFF Haverford College (U.S.A.) George KOURVETARIS Northern Illinois University (U.S.A.) Konstantinos MAGLIVERAS University of the Aegean (Greece) George PAGOULATOS Athens University of Economics and Business (Greece) Theodoros PELAGIDES University of Piraeus (Greece) Ioannis PYRGIOTAKIS University of Crete (Greece) Ioannis PHILIPPOUSSIS Dawson College (Canada) Athanassios PLATIAS University of Piraeus (Greece) Nicholas SAMBANIS Yale University (U.S.A.) Ioannis SEIMENIS University of the Aegean (Greece) Dimitris XENAKIS University of Crete (Greece) Published twice a year (Spring - Autumn) by the Centre for Hellenic Studies and Research Canada, -KEEK, the University of Crete, Centre of Intercultural and Migration Studies-EDI- AMME, Department of Primary Education and the University of the Aegean Post-Graduate Pro- gram in «Political, Economic and International Relations in the Mediterranean», Department of Mediterranean Studies. Articles for publication, books for review and general correspondence should be addressed to Études helléniques/ Hellenic Studies: Centre for Hellenic Studies University of Crete and Research Canada-KEEK Department of Primary Education C.P. 48571 Centre of Intercultural and Migration 1495 Van Horne Studies (EDIAMME) Outremont, (Québec), Canada Rethymno Universtity Campus H2V 4T3 Rethymno, 74100, Greece Tel: (514)276-7333 Tel: +28310-77605, Fax: +28310-77636 Fax: (514)4953072 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] http://www.ediamme.edc.uoc.gr Subscription orders, inquires, single orders and back issues should be addressed / could be ob- tained from this address also. Études helléniques/ Hellenic Studies is an interdisciplinary, bilin- gual (French - English) journal devoted to the study of issues prevailing among Greeks in both Greece proper and the numerous Greek communities abroad. Subscription Rates/Frais d’abonnement One year/Un an Europe (par virement)* Individuals/Particuliers $ 50.00 50 € Institutions $ 70.00 70 € Support/Soutien $ 100.00 100 € *Compte chèques postaux à Paris: CCP no 2846134E020 IBAN FR72 2004 1000 0128 4613 4E02 057 BIC PSSTFRPPPAR Revue publiée deux fois par an (Printemps-Automne) par le Centre de recherches helléniques Canada-KEEK, l'Université de Crète(Centre d'études interculturelles et de l'immigration-EDIAMME du Département d'Education Primaire) et l'Université de la Mer Egée (Programme d'études supérieures de deuxième et troisième cycle, «Sciences politiques, économiques, et relations in- ternationales dans la Méditerranée», Département d'études méditerranéennes). Tous les articles, les recensions et la correspondance générale doivent être adressés aux ÉTUDES HELLÉNIQUES / HELLENIC STUDIES, C.P. 48571, 1495 Van Horne, Outremont, (Québec), Canada, H2V 4T3, Tel: (514) 276-7333, Télécopieur: (514) 495-3072 (E-mail: [email protected]). Pour les abonnements, les informations, pour tout numéro courant ou an- cien de la revue, prière de vous adresser aux ÉTUDES HELLÉNIQUES / HELLENIC STUDIES à l’adresse ci dessus. ÉTUDES HELLÉNIQUES / HELLENIC STUDIES est une revue interdisciplinaire bilingue (français-anglais) consacrée à la recherche: elle a pour objet l’étude de l’hellénisme tant de la Grèce que de la diaspora. Gutenberg Publishing Didodou 37 Athens 10680 Tel.: 210-3808334 Fax: 210-3642030 e-mail: [email protected] Dépôt légal / Legal Deposit National Library of Canada Bibliothèque nationale du Québec 2e trimestre 2007 ISSN: 0824-8621 Volume 19, No. 1, Spring / Printemps 2011 Volume 19, No 1, 2011 Spring /Printemps 2011 Table des matières / Table of Contents L’éducation en Grèce et dans la diaspora Michael Damanakis ................................................................................................7 Education in Greece and in the Diaspora Michael Damanakis ..............................................................................................13 The Limits of Autonomy of Cultural Codes in Modern European Societies: Ethnicity, Education and Culture Athanasios Gotovos .............................................................................................17 Structure, Function and Functionality of the Greek Educational System Theodosia Michelakaki .......................................................................................37 School Evaluation and Assessment of Teachers in Greek Primary and Secondary Education Michael Kassotakis, Despina Papagueli-Vouliouri ..............................................51 Admission Policies for Greek Universities A Historico-sociological View of the Period 1837-2010 Siphis Bouzakis ................................................................................................... 73 Fuites et dispersions des étudiants dans les Universités helléniques Nikos Andreadakis, Athanasios Gotovos, Michael Damanakis..........................89 The Education of Students with Migratory Background in Greece Educational Politics and Pedagogical Discourse (Logos) Michael Damanakis ...........................................................................................111 Intercultural Education: A Vehicle for the Εthnicization of Educational Policy in Greece? George Markou..................................................................................................135 Transitions, Flow and Outflow of Students in the Greek Education in the Diaspora Michael Damanakis ...........................................................................................159 Greek in Contact with English in Australia Anastasios M. Tamis .........................................................................................177 5 Études helléniques / Hellenic Studies L’ éducation à Chypre De la colonisation à l’indépendance: Un bref aperçu Stephanos Constantinides ...............................................................................203 A Greek Poet in England: Assorted References on Andreas Kalvos in the English Press (1818-1821) Lefkios Zafeiriou ................................................................................................215 Chronologies ...................................................................................................219 6 Éducation en Grèce et dans la diaspora Michael Damanakis* Le titre de ce volume donne à penser que l'éducation grecque en tant qu'institution et surtout en tant que contenu, ne se limite pas à l’intérieur de l’Etat grec. Ceci n’est pas nouveau. Déjà avec la création de l'Etat grec en 1830 et la mise en place du premier système d'éducation nationale grecque, ont commencé à fonctionner deux systèmes éducatifs parallèles, l’ un à l'intérieur du pays et l’autre dans la diaspora, soit dans les collectivités «non liberées» ou dans les communautés «commerciales» de l'hellénisme. L'intégration géographique de l'État grec, en particulier après les guerres balkaniques et la première Guerre mondiale, le déclin progressif de communautés «commerciales» et surtout les effets de la catastrophe de l'Asie Mineure, ont entraîné, entre autres, un rétrécissement de l’éducation grecque en dehors des frontières étatiques du pays. Cette évolution était dûe, et l’est encore en grande partie aujourdh’ui, à une introspection idéologique et à une recherche d'identité au sein de l'hellénisme de l’État grec, d’autant plus que l’hellénisme en dehors de ses frontieres a cessé d'exister - au moins dans la version qui existait et fonctionnait jusqu'aux deux premières décennies du 20e siècle. L’accent mis par les politiques éducatives sur l’éducation à l’intérieur du pays a conduit à négliger l'éducation dans la diaspora, malgré le fait qu’il y avait encore des besoins éducatifs dans la «diaspora historique», de nouveaux besoins ayant émergé, dans la «diaspora de la migration». En particulier dans la région entourant le Caucase et en Transcaucasie d’importantes populations d'origine grecque ont continué à vivre et à se développer. Mais la politique répressive de Staline et en particulier la période de la guerre froide ont conduit non seulement au retrecissement de l'éducation en langue grecque dans ces régions, mais également à la négligence totale de cette partie de la diaspora grecque. * Université de Crète 7 Études helléniques / Hellenic Studies Cependant, la politique modérée de M. Gorbatchev et en particulier l'effondrement du socialisme réel ont porté à l’avant scène les Grecs de la Mer Noire, dont les racines et l'histoire remontent à Byzance. L'émergence
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