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Research Article REGIONAL DISPARITIES in the LEVELS of DEVELOPMENT in ODISHA

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Research Article REGIONAL DISPARITIES in the LEVELS of DEVELOPMENT in ODISHA International Journal of Agriculture Sciences ISSN: 0975-3710 & E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 11, Issue 4, 2019, pp.-7904-7909. Available online at https://www.bioinfopublication.org/jouarchive.php?opt=&jouid=BPJ0000217 Research Article REGIONAL DISPARITIES IN THE LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT IN ODISHA VERMA S.1, TRIPATHI R.K.2 AND NITIN TANWAR*1 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India 2Department of Agricultural Statistics, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, 224 229, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding Author: Email - [email protected] Received: February 04, 2019; Revised: February 22, 2019; Accepted: February 23, 2019; Published: February 28, 2019 Abstract: As per socio-economic status of the Odisha state, it can be divided into two broad regions, i.e. the coastal region and inland districts. The former is fertile with high yielding capacity of agriculture comprising high proportion upper-caste population. The hilly and barren districts covering with forest are in primitive stage of economic comprising with ST and SC population. It is needless to mention that socioeconomic backwardness of a region is the root cause of mass poverty. In the present study, all the districts of Odisha were ranked on the basis of their levels of development obtained with the help of 30 indicators related to agriculture, social and industrial sectors. The district wise data in respect of the indicators published by Odisha government for the year 2014-15 have been used for all the districts of the Odisha state. The statistical technique composite index method has been used in addition to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for ranking the districts. Cluster analysis has been used for classification or grouping the districts. The Composite Indices (C.I.) of development in respect of 30 developmental indicators for all the districts of Odisha has been computed for the year 2014-15. The districts of Ganjam, Mayurbhanj, Cuttack, Sundargarh and Koraput were found to be most developed districts while the district of Deogarh was found to be most backward followed by the districts of Jharsuguda, Boudh, Subarnapur and Nuapada in overall development. Keywords: Composite index, growing Developmental indicators, Socio-economic development, PCA, Cluster analysis Citation: Verma S., et al., (2019) Regional Disparities in the Levels of Development in Odisha. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN: 0975-3710 & E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 11, Issue 4, pp.- 7904-7909. Copyright: Copyright©2019 Verma S., et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Introduction The economy of Odisha state is one of the fastest state economies in India. and Andhra Pradesh toward the south. Odisha has 485 kilometres of coastline Odisha has a farming-based economy which is on the move towards an industry along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to Ganjam. It is the ninth and administration-based economy. Development is a dynamic concept and has largest state by area, and the eleventh biggest by populace. It is likewise the third different meaning for different people. The notion of development in the context of most populous state of India in terms of tribal population. Orissa has changed regional development, which aims to enhance the levels of living of the people and from a genuinely slacking state to a state moving. From being the poorest state of general conditions of human welfare in a region [1]. Socio-economic improvement India in the mid-1990s, Orissa has turned into a state moving. The state's is the procedure of social and monetary advancement in a society. It is estimated economy has changed gear and is on a higher development direction. As per with economic variables, for example, gross domestic product (GDP), life socio-economic status of the state; it very well may be disconnected into two wide expectancy, literacy and levels of employment. Social advancement is a regions, for example the coastal area and inland areas. The previous is fruitful procedure which brings about the change of social organizations in such a way with high yielding limit of horticulture involving high extent upper cast population. which enhances the limit of the general public to satisfy its desires. It suggests a Then again, the inland regions are sloping and infertile land with covering of subjective change in the way the society shapes itself and completes its forest, including ST and SC population with crude phase of financial. In Odisha, exercises, for example, through more dynamic states of mind and conduct by the regions like the southern and northern are not well developed as compared to the populace, the appropriation of more viable procedures or further developed coastal region. One of the important reasons for this is the higher concentration of innovation. There is a nearby connection among conditions, methods for living and unfertile land and STs Population. About 44 percent of the total land area in innovation. Advancement in the economy of countries is the improvement of Odisha has been declared as Scheduled area. The total tribal population of the monetary abundance of nations or locales for the prosperity of their occupants. State is 8.15 million, which constitute 22.13 percent. According to the 2011 Economic enlargement is regularly accepted to point out the dimension of Census of India, 61.8 percent of the working population are engaged in monetary advancement of a country. The expression " economic growth " alludes agricultural activities. However, the agricultural contribution to the Gross State to the expansion (or development) of a particular measure, for example, real Domestic Produce (GSDP) was 16.3 percent in the fiscal year 2013-14 and it was national income, gross domestic product, or per capita income. It is the procedure estimated to be 15.4 percent in 2014-15. The area under cultivation was 5,691 by which a country enhances the economic, political, and social prosperity of its hectares in 2005-06 and it dropped to 5,424 hectares in 2013-14. Rice is the kin. Socio-economic development, in this manner, is a procedure of change in an dominant crop in Odisha. It is grown on 77 percent of the area under cultivation. assortment of ways. It needs to impact all parts of human life in a nation. Odisha Odisha has produced 8,360 metric huge amounts of rice in 2013-14, a drop from (once in the past known as Orissa) is one of the 29 states of India, located in 10,210 metric tons due to the violent cyclone Phailin. The industrial sector eastern India. It is surrounded by the conditions of West Bengal toward the north- contribution to the state's GSDP was estimated at 33.45 percent in 2014-15. east, Jharkhand toward the north, Chhattisgarh toward the west and north-west, Odisha has 25 percent of India's iron reserves. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences ISSN: 0975-3710&E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 11, Issue 4, 2019 || Bioinfo Publications || 7904 Regional Disparities in the Levels of Development in Odisha It has 10 percent of India's production capacity in steel. Odisha is the top Total number of Secondary schools aluminium producing state in India. Mining contributed an estimated 6.31 percent Total number of government degree colleges to the GSDP [2]. The Green Revolution in the agriculture sector and excellent Total number of Community Health Centres advance on the industrial front has surely expanded the overall total production, Total number of Beds in Hospital yet there is no sign that these accomplishments have possessed the capacity to Total number of Primary Health Centres diminish generously the provincial disparities in the level of development [3]. Total number of Post Office Although resource transfers are being executed in backward region of country, it Total number of Villages electrified has been observed that the regional disparities exist in terms of socio-economic Total number of Commercial Banks development are not declining over time [4]. [5] developed composite indices (C.I.) Rural Road Length (km) of development in respect of 17 developmental indicators for 32 WSHGs doing Total literacy rate aquaculture activities in Keonjhar and Koraput districts of Odisha was estimated in three dimensions-economic, social and empowerment along with overall Method of Analysis development for the year 2008-09. An investigation of districts of Himachal Method of estimation of Composite Index of development [7]: Pradesh by [6] have attempted a few strategy measures to improve the levels of Let [Xij] be data matrix giving the values of the variables of ith district. Where i = 1, the advancement in horticulture, social and industrial segments utilizing auxiliary 2… n (number of districts) and j = 1, 2… k (number of indicators). information on various developmental indicators published by Himachal Pradesh For combined analysis [Xij] is transferred to [Zij] the matrix of standardized government for the year 2014-15. The present study is conducted in Odisha state indicators as follows 푋푖푗−푋̅푗 at district level, where the data on socio-economic variables for the year 20014-15 푍푖푗 = (1) were analysed for estimating the level of development. The level of development 푆푗 is estimated separately for agricultural sector, infrastructural facilities and overall Where, Sj = Standard deviation of jth indicator socio-economic field. It will be of interest to estimate the level of development at 푋̅ = mean of the jth indicator district level since there has been a growing consensus about the need of district From [Zij], identify the best value of each indicator. Let it be denoted as Zoj. The level planning in the country.
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