Vitex Rotundifolia (Beach Vitex) Size/Shape

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Vitex Rotundifolia (Beach Vitex) Size/Shape

Vitex rotundifolia (Beach vitex) Aromatic small shrub with a sage like spicy odor. Used as hedges or ground cover or a container plants.Prune to manage size and to stimulate compactness. Prefers dry condition. Landscape Information Pronounciation: VY-teks Plant Type: Shrub Origin: Australia Heat Zones: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Hardiness Zones: 10, 11, 12, 13 Uses: Size/Shape Growth Rate: Fast Tree Shape: Round Canopy Symmetry: Irregular Canopy Density: Open Canopy Texture: Fine Plant Image Height at Maturity: 0.5 to 1 m Spread at Maturity: 0.5 to 1 meter Time to Ultimate Height: 5 to 10 Years Notes Allow a lot of room for it to spread Vitex rotundifolia (Beach vitex) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Opposite Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Persistance: Evergreen Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Blade: Less than 5 Leaf Shape: Obovate Leaf Margins: Entire Leaf Textures: Hairy Leaf Scent: Pleasant Color(growing season): Blue-Green Color(changing season): Blue-Green Flower Image Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 1.5 - 3 Flower Type: Panicle Flower Sexuality: Monoecious (Bisexual) Flower Scent: No Fragance Flower Color: Blue Seasons: Spring Trunk Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Generally resists breakage Number of Trunks: Multi-Trunked Trunk Esthetic Values: Smooth Fruit Fruit Type: Drupe Fruit Showiness: True Fruit Size Range: 0 - 1.5 Fruit Colors: Red, Blue, Black Seasons: Fall Vitex rotundifolia (Beach vitex) Horticulture Management Tolerance Frost Tolerant: No Heat Tolerant: Yes Drought Tolerant: Yes Salt Tolerance: Good Requirements Soil Requirements: Soil Ph Requirements: Alkaline Water Requirements: Light Requirements: Management Toxity: No Leaf Image Invasive Potential: Yes Susceptibility to Pests and Diseases: No Fruit/ Leaves/ Flowers litter: No Surface Rooting: Yes Life Span: Less than 25 Edible Parts: Leaf Pests: Scales, Aphids, Mealy-Bug Plant Propagations: MORE IMAGES Bark Image Other Image.

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Weed Risk Assessment for Vitex Rotundifolia L. F. (Lamiaceae)
Weed Risk Assessment for Vitex United States rotundifolia L. f. (Lamiaceae) – Beach Department of Agriculture vitex Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service June 4, 2013 Version 2 Left: Infestation in South Carolina growing down to water line and with runners and fruit stripped by major winter storm (Randy Westbrooks, U.S. Geological Survey, Bugwood.org). Right: A runner with flowering shoots (Forest and Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org). Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Weed Risk Assessment for Vitex rotundifolia Introduction Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) regulates noxious weeds under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000) and the Federal Seed Act (7 U.S.C. § 1581-1610, 1939). A noxious weed is defined as “any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops (including nursery stock or plant products), livestock, poultry, or other interests of agriculture, irrigation, navigation, the natural resources of the United States, the public health, or the environment” (7 U.S.C. § 7701-7786, 2000). We use weed risk assessment (WRA)—specifically, the PPQ WRA model (Koop et al., 2012)—to evaluate the risk potential of plants, including those newly detected in the United States, those proposed for import, and those emerging as weeds elsewhere in the world. Because the PPQ WRA model is geographically and climatically neutral, it can be used to evaluate the baseline invasive/weed potential of any plant species for the entire United States or for any area within it.
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Estrogen-Like Activities in Vitex Species from China Determined by a Cell Based Proliferation Assay
ORIGINAL ARTICLES Department of Pharmacognosy1, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; School of Biomo- lecular Science2, Faculty of Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK Estrogen-like activities in Vitex species from China determined by a cell based proliferation assay Y. Hu1, Q.-Y. Zhang1, T.-T. Hou1, H.-L. Xin1, H.-C. Zheng1, K. Rahman2, L.-P. Qin1 Received February 14, 2007, accepted March 29, 2007 Prof. Lu-Ping Qin, Departement of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical Uni- versity, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China [email protected], [email protected] Pharmazie 62: 872–875 (2007) doi: 10.1691/ph.2007.11.7542 Ethanolic extracts of four Chinese medicinally used Vitex species were selected and tested for their estrogen-like activities, using an ERa-positive MCF-7 cell based proliferation assay (E-screen assay) and cell cycle analysis (flow cytometry). Vitex negundo displayed the highest estrogenic-like activity, and could be useful in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). 1. Introduction 2. Investigations, result and discussion Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds with estro- In the E-Screen assay using MCF-7 cells, the proliferative genic or antiestrogenic properties (Umland et al. 2000). effect of the extracts relative to that of estradiol (1 nM, They seem to be interesting by their possible use as al- 100%) is expressed as Relative Proliferative Effect (RPE) ternative medicines for treating hormonal disorders such (Fig. 1). The results clearly indicate that the extracts from as in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Thus, phy- V. rotundifolia and V. negundo were able to significantly toestrogens could be beneficial in treatment of the symp- stimulate MCF-7 cell proliferation at concentrations of toms of menopause and hence help to prevent bone re- 50 mg/mL to100 mg/mL (P < 0.01).
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Vitex Rotundifolia L.F
NEW YORK NON -NATIVE PLANT INVASIVENESS RANKING FORM Scientific name: Vitex rotundifolia L.f. USDA Plants Code: VIRO80 Common names: Roundleaf chastetree, beach vitex, chasteberry, monk's pepper Native distribution: Asia (China, Japan), India, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Australia, Pacific Islands (inlcuding Hawaii) Date assessed: 3 June 2009; edited August 19, 2009 Assessors: Steve Glenn, Gerry Moore Reviewers: LIISMA SRC Date Approved: August 19, 2009 Form version date: 3 March 2009 New York Invasiveness Rank: High (Relative Maximum Score 70.00-80.00) Distribution and Invasiveness Rank ( Obtain from PRISM invasiveness ranking form ) PRISM Status of this species in each PRISM: Current Distribution Invasiveness Rank 1 Adirondack Park Invasive Program Not Assessed Not Assessed 2 Capital/Mohawk Not Assessed Not Assessed 3 Catskill Regional Invasive Species Partnership Not Assessed Not Assessed 4 Finger Lakes Not Assessed Not Assessed 5 Long Island Invasive Species Management Area Not Present Moderate 6 Lower Hudson Not Assessed Not Assessed 7 Saint Lawrence/Eastern Lake Ontario Not Assessed Not Assessed 8 Western New York Not Assessed Not Assessed Invasiveness Ranking Summary Total (Total Answered*) Total (see details under appropriate sub-section) Possible 1 Ecological impact 40 ( 40 ) 37 2 Biological characteristic and dispersal ability 25 ( 25 ) 20 3 Ecological amplitude and distribution 25 ( 25 ) 4 4 Difficulty of control 10 ( 10 ) 8 Outcome score 100 ( 100 )b 73.00 a † Relative maximum score 73.00 § New York Invasiveness Rank High (Relative Maximum Score 70.00-80.00) * For questions answered “unknown” do not include point value in “Total Answered Points Possible.” If “Total Answered Points Possible” is less than 70.00 points, then the overall invasive rank should be listed as “Unknown.” †Calculated as 100(a/b) to two decimal places.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Vitex Rotundifolia Fractions Induced
DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.12.3555 Vitex Rotundifolia Fractions Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer T-47D Cell Line RESEARCH ARTICLE Editorial Process: Submission:09/05/2018 Acceptance:11/29/2019 Vitex Rotundifolia Fractions Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer T-47D Cell Line via Activation of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathway Gul-e-Saba Chaudhry1*, Rehmat Jan1, Muhammad Naveed Zafar2, Habsah Mohammad1, Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad1* Abstract Objective: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and mechanism of cell death induced by the extract and fractions of Vitex rotundifolia (leaves) in breast cancer cell line, T-47D. Methods: The cytotoxicity activity was measured using MTS assay. The mode of cell death was analysed by early (phosphatidylserine externalization) and late apoptosis (DNA fragmentation). The caspases 8, 9, 3/7 and apoptotic proteins bax, bcl-2 study were done by western blot and ELISA method. Results: The methanol extract was found to inhibit 50% growth of T-47D cells at the concentration of 79.43µg/ ml respectively after 72hr. From seven fractions, fraction F1, F2 and F3 produced cytotoxicity effects in T-47D cell line with IC50 (72hr) < 30µg/ml. The results obtained by Annexin V/PI apoptosis detection assay and TUNEL assay suggest that active fractions of Vitex rotundifolia induced early and late apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in T-47D cell line. Moreover, western blot analysis and Caspase GloTM luminescent assay demonstrated that fractions F2 and F3 triggered apoptotic cell death via activation of caspases -8, -9 and -3/7 and up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein.
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Invasive Species Fact Sheet
HOW YOU CAN HELP INVASIVE SPECIES FACT SHEET Currently, an effort is being made by Mississippi State University, in cooperation with the South Carolina/North Carolina Beach Task Force, to determine the distribution of beach vitex in the Southeast and Mid-South. This infor- Beach vitex (Vitex Rotundifolia L.f.) mation which is being maintained in online databases by Mississippi State University (www.gri.msstate.edu) and Description, Distribution, and Management the South Carolina Beach Vitex Task Force (http://www.beachvitex.org), is very important in developing appropriate Victor Maddox, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Associate, Mississippi State University John D. Byrd, Jr., Ph.D., Extension/Research Professor, Mississippi State University strategies for addressing the plant. Please send reports of suspected beach vitex populations, including GPS coor- Randy Westbrooks, Ph. D., Invasive Species Specialist, U.S. Geological Survey dinates, site description / ownership, and photo images to: Victor Maddox, GeoResources Institute, Box 9555, Mis- Betsy Brabson, Ph. D., South Carolina Beach Vitex Task Force sissippi State, MS 39762-9652, Ph. 662-325-2123, E-mail: [email protected]; or to Betsy Brabson, South GRI Publication #5020 Carolina Beach Vitex Task Force, Georgetown, SC, Ph. 843-546-9531; E-mail: [email protected]. There are other ways to help with this effort, as well: INTRODUCTION Beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia L.f.) is a deciduous woody • Do not plant beach vitex. Use native species such as sea oats. vine that was introduced to the Southeastern U.S. from • Remove beach vitex seedlings from public beach areas. Korea in the mid-1980s. Prior to its intoduction to the • Contact the GeoResources Institute for advice on removal of mature beach vitex colonies, and replacement with South Atlantic coast of the U.S., beach vitex had no native plant species.
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Will Mcclatchey, Chairperson Thomas Hemscheidt Mark Merlin ·'
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Essential Oil Composition and in Vitro Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of South African Vitex Species
South African Journal of Botany 2004, 70(4): 611–617 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY ISSN 0254–6299 Essential oil composition and in vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity of South African Vitex species E Nyiligira1, AM Viljoen1*, KHC BaÕer2, T Äzek2 and SF van Vuuren1 1 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 EskiÕehir, Turkey * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 1 March 2004, accepted in revised form 7 May 2004 The essential oil composition of Vitex pooara, V. rehman- inflammatory activity of the essential oils was evaluat- nii, V. obovata ssp. obovata, V. obovata ssp. wilmsii and ed using a 5-lipoxygenase assay and all essential oils V. zeyheri was determined using gas chromatography effectively inhibited 5-lipoxygenase, a key enzyme in and mass spectrometry. The in vitro antimicrobial activ- the inflammatory cascade with V. pooara producing the ity of the essential oils was assessed on Staphylococcus most promising activity (IC50 value of 25ppm). Using the aureus, Bacillus cereus and Escherichia coli and the essential oil data matrix, chemotaxonomic evidence is minimum inhibitory concentration values recorded. All presented which supports the infrageneric placement essential oils were moderately active with V. zeyheri of V. pooara in subgenus Vitex while the other four being the most active (8, 4 and 16mg ml–1 for S. aureus, above mentioned taxa are placed in subgenus B.
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Hawaiian Plant Threatens South Carolina Dunes by Robin Roecker and Tommy Socha Photos By: Will Conner, Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science
Hawaiian Plant Threatens South Carolina Dunes by Robin Roecker and Tommy Socha photos by: Will Conner, Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science During the 1960’s, a plant was sought that would help protect and build ocean-side fore dunes in South Carolina. The plant had to be drought resistant, sand and salt tolerant, and fast growing. Beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia), native of Engineers, Charleston District, has to Korea, Hawaii, Japan, and China, was observed the growth of beach vitex along chosen. The prolific and resilient plant frontal dunes in South Carolina. Socha first now is taking over the natural vegetation noticed the sprawling shrub with blue- along the South Carolina shore. Beach purple flowers while working on a Corps vitex threatens native plants along primary project to replenish 25.6 miles of the South Beach vitex showing blue-purple flowers. beach dunes, including sea oats (Uniola Carolina coast from the north end of North paniculata), sweet grass (Muhlenbergia fil- Myrtle Beach to Garden City Beach. Socha Beach heading towards Hobcaw Beach. ipes), and sea beach amaranth (Amaranthus observed healthy beach vitex growing Betsy and other sea turtle volunteers have pumilus). It also threatens loggerhead sea below the high tide line, mingled among since noticed the plant spreading in or near turtles. Recent state and local newspapers native sea oats and bitter panicum. Later, turtle nesting areas, where its fibrous roots have deemed it “a predatory plant,” “a while evaluating beach vitex for use on have the potential to trap turtles and killer of sea-turtle nests,” and the “kudzu dune stabilization projects, Socha and oth- destroy eggs.
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Two New Records for the Lamiaceae of Singapore
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 68(2): 189–200. 2016 189 doi: 10.3850/S2382581216000144 Two new records for the Lamiaceae of Singapore R.P.J. de Kok1, S. Sengun2,3 & G.L.C. Bramley3 1Honorary Research Associate, Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569 [email protected] 2Birkbeck, University of London, Malet St, London WC1E 7HX, U.K. 3Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, U.K. ABSTRACT. The species of Lamiaceae have recently been revised for Singapore. In total 44 species in 21 genera are recorded, of which 23 species are native, an additional five are probably native, and 16 are non-native species which have naturalised in Singapore. One new record for Singapore has been found (Vitex rotundifolia) and one species reinstated (Callicarpa pentandra) after being ignored for over a hundred years. Keywords. Callicarpa pentandra, conservation, distributions, Vitex rotundifolia Introduction The Lamiaceae (Mint Family) is of major ecological and economic importance in Southeast Asia. It includes major (Gmelina L. & Tectona L.f.) and minor (Teijsmanniodendron Koord. and Vitex L.) timber groups. It is important horticulturally (Clerodendrum L. and its close relatives), culinarily (Mentha L. and Ocimum L.) and medicinally (Vitex). As a consequence, members of the family are often cultivated and have been moved around the region, in some case over many centuries. Taxonomically the family is complex with many species-rich genera, some of which have undergone major nomenclatural changes in the last 10 years (De Kok, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2013; Bramley, 2009; De Kok et al., 2009; Wearn & Mabberley, 2011). Worldwide, the family consists of around 236 genera and about 7200 species (Harley et al., 2004), while in the Flora Malesiana region 50 genera with 302 species are recorded (Bramley et al., in press).
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11. VITEX Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 638. 1753. 牡荆属 Mu Jing Shu Trees Or Shrubs
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Vitex Trifolia: an ETHNOBOTANICAL and PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW
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Beach Vitex (Vitex Rotundifolia): an Invasive Coastal Species
Invasive Plant Science and Management 2010 3:340–345 Invasion Alert Beach Vitex (Vitex rotundifolia): An Invasive Coastal Species Matthew M. Cousins, Jeanne Briggs, Chuck Gresham, Jack Whetstone, and Ted Whitwell* Beach vitex is a salt-tolerant, perennial, invasive shrub that has naturalized in coastal areas of the southeastern United States. Since its introduction in the 1980s, this Pacific Rim native has invaded many fragile beach-dune ecosystems along the Mid-Atlantic, Southern Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico. Large-scale monocultures of beach vitex supplant native species through rapid vegetative reproduction and seed production. Fruits are capable of water-based dispersal, allowing for potential rapid range expansion in coastal areas. Ecosystem damage resulting from exclusion of native plant species by beach vitex and fears associated with potential negative effects on sea turtle nesting have served to promote the control and survey efforts presently underway in coastal areas of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland. Nomenclature: Beach vitex, Vitex rotundifolia L. f. Key words: Beach dune community, seashore, landscape plant, medicinal plant, exotic. Beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia L. f.) is a low-growing, plant was typically unavailable in the landscape trade shoreline shrub in the subfamily Viticoideae of the family (Olsen and Bell 2005). Lamiaceae (formerly in Verbenaceae) (Cantino 1992; The landfall of Hurricane Hugo just north of Charleston, Harley et al. 2004) that has colonized broad stretches of SC, on September 22, 1989, served as the primary driving the continental Pacific Rim and the Pacific islands. Because force for the planting of beach vitex in the Carolinas. The 2 2 of its remarkably outsized natural range stretching from hurricane’s 217 km h 1 (135 mi h 1) winds and large storm Japan to Australia and from Hawaii to India, this plant has surge caused severe beach erosion in the form of lost or acquired a host of common names, including round-leaved damaged frontal dunes.
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