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Power Engineering Training Systems Courseware PART A2 PPOWEROWER EENGINEERINGNGINEERING FOOURTHURTH CLLASSASS EDDITIONITION 22.5.5 PRINTED - JUNE 2010 Fourth Class Part A2 Edition 2.5 June 2010 Published by PanGlobal Training Systems Ltd. Publisher of Power Engineering Training Systems Courseware The material in this series is aligned with Fourth Class Syllabus, dated July 31, 2002. For more info visit http://www.sopeec.org/Syllabus/SyllabusFourthClass.pdf This material copyright © Power Engineering Training Systems, a division of PanGlobal Training Systems 2006, 2008. All rights are reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior writ en permission of the copyright holder. Address all inquiries to: PanGlobal Training Systems 1301 – 16 Ave. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada. T2M 0L4 At ent on: Director of Operat ons We would like to acknowledge the contribut ons of Fred Ohlmann, Gerry Parker, & Wilmer Doerksen for their authoring, Lorne Shewfelt for his technical edit ng and the Power Engineering instructors of NAIT & BCIT for their reviews. We also acknowledge the guidance provided by the joint IPECC/SOPEEC 4th Class review commit ee. Power Engineering 4th Class Project Team: Andy Shorthouse, Dan Violini, Jennifer Landree, Kyla Brassard, Deb Ross, Terry Lazenby & Scot MacNaughton This curriculum is endorsed by the Canadian Inst tute of Power Engineers (IPE). Cover image courtesy of EnCana Corporat on. The image is a SAGD facility at EnCana’s Christ na Lake Operat on, located in Northeast Alberta. LEGAL NOTICE The informat on, fi gures and procedures presented in this book are provided as general training and background informat on, and should not be taken as specifi c operat ng pract ce for any specifi c piece of equipment or in any individual plant implementat on. Training for specifi c pieces of equipment, and their implementat ons should be provided by the employer and the equipment manufacturer. The informat on and illustrat ons contained in this book are provided “As Is”, without warranty or any kind, express or implied, including without limitat on any warranty concerning the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of such informat on. Neither the publisher, the authors, nor the copyright holders shall be held responsible for any claims at ributable to error, omissions, or inac- curacies contained in this book. Nor shall they be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequent al damages arising out of the use of such informat on or materials. Printed by Data Group in Calgary, Canada Fourth Class - Part A2 Edit on 2.5, June 2010 ISBN13: 978-1-897461-28-0 Please visit our website for informat on on this and other products: www.powerengineering.org Any technical or editorial errors may be reported by e-mailing informat on to correct [email protected] or faxing suggested correct ons to 1-403-284-8863 1301 16th Ave. NW Calgary, Alberta T2M 0L4 What is new in the Fourth Class, Edition 2.5? Edition 2.5 of the Fourth Class incorporates a number of new additions. It incorporates all corrections reported to PanGlobal Training Systems (the Pub- lisher of the Power Engineering series books) and validated as appropriate chang- es by both internal and external subject matter experts. This edition represents a minor revision and does not reflect any changes to the SOPEEC syllabi. It does, however address a number of educational quality issues which have arisen over the past years. Although the general book organization continues in support of Part A and Part B segmentation, a large number of content elements which had previously been repeated in several areas of the text have been replaced with appropriate references. This has facilitated the combining of several of the chapters and an overall reduction from 149 to 144 chapters. The Learning Objectives in each chapter have been separated into distinct units and this has necessitated some adjustment in the wording of some Objectives to re- flect this reorganization. This new format has resulted in a new pagination of each book differing from edi- tion 2.0. Therefore, any instructional references made to the Second Edition will have to be adjusted for use with Edition 2.5. The Second Edition books remain valid and may be used in conjunction with cor- rection sheets posted to http://www.powerengineering.org/index.php/correc- tions-a-updates#pe4 to provide the same learning resources that are available in this edition. Get the most out of your learning materials; visit the “Learner Support” section of our website at www.powerengineering.org The “Learner Support” section of PanGlobal’s website provides students with a variety of learning materials Certification Assistance Certification of Power Engineers exists countrywide under the auspices of the Association of Chief Inspectors (ACI), which maintain a interprovincial exam Syllabus for each Power Engineering Class. Examinations are administered by Standardization of Power Engineering Examination Committee (SOPEEC), a sub-committee of ACI. Contact your instructor or local jurisdiction to obtain instructions for certification. A link to SOPEEC’s website (http://www.sopeec.org), is located on our site and we also have links to the Power Engineering learning institutes across Canada. Companion Website (online learning site) You have received a user ID and Password (on the Notice to Reader page). By accessing the online resources page (http://mypower-net.com) and logging in, you can access additional educational self-study resources to support your learning. Your school may also use these resources to guide and manage your learning. Please check with your instructor. Supplemental Media In addition to the images in your textbooks, our companion web contains hundreds of media elements, identified by the Media Element (above) symbol in your texts. Self Assessments Your online account contains self assessment tests for each chapter. These assessments test your compre- hension of key concepts and provide you with detailed feedback which will tell you where you are weak. They provide you with a realtime testing environment that many educators have recognized as providing valuable preparation skills. Academic Supplement Your newly purchased package of learning materials contains an Academic Supplement booklet which may be taken into your national examination if unmarked. Individual sections (Handbook of Formulas, Steam Tables and Refrigerant Properties) of the Academic Supplement are available for download. Website Resources A number of additional resources are available on the Learner Support section including: A Glossary of Power engineering specific terms, a series of Industry links and a growing list of educational supports files. Corrections, Updates and Product Suggestions PanGlobal and its educational partners attempt to ensure that all errors and ambiguity are removed from our products before you purchase them. however, those that do get through our quality review process are fixed as soon as possible We post the corrections on the Learning Products section of our website. You are able to add your own valuable input to this process by filling out our online form in this same area. Comments on all aspects of our products and the service you have been provided are welcome. Committed to Student Success PanGlobal’s Power Engineering Training Systems Learner Resources provide an easy to navigate, dynamic tool to assist students as they progress through the textbooks. We are dedicated to the Power Engineering profession and are providing the resources and tools to help students get the most out of their courses and maximize their potential for success. Fourth Class Part A2 Edition 2.5 Table of Contents Unit Nine: Environment 1 Chapter 40 Environmental Introduction ........................................................................ 3 Chapter 41 Gaseous & Noise Pollutants ...................................................................... 13 Chapter 42 Solid & Liquid Thermal Pollutants ............................................................. 29 Chapter 43 Potential Environmental Impact of Liquids ............................................... 43 Chapter 44 Potential Environmental Impact of Gases ................................................. 55 Chapter 45 Potential Environmental Impact of Operating Facilities ............................ 69 Unit Ten: Materials & Welding 79 Chapter 46 Engineering Materials ............................................................................... 81 Chapter 47 Welding Methods & Inspection .................................................................93 Chapter 48 Welding Terms, Forge & Fusion Welding Processes ............................... 107 Unit Eleven: Piping 123 Chapter 49 Introduction to Piping & Pipe Fittings ..................................................... 125 Chapter 50 Introduction to Valves ............................................................................. 151 Unit Twelve: High Pressure Boiler Design 171 Chapter 51 Introduct on to Boilers ............................................................................ 173 Chapter 52 Firetube Boilers ....................................................................................... 185 Chapter 53 Watertube Boilers ................................................................................... 197 Chapter 54 Electric Boilers ......................................................................................... 213 Chapter 55 Basic Boiler Construct on........................................................................
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