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Invasores En Mesoamérica Y El Caribe

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Invasores En Mesoamérica Y El Caribe INVASORES EN MESOAMÉRICA Y EL CARIBE INVASIVES IN MESOAMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN INVASORES EN MESOAMÉRICA Y EL CARIBE INVASIVES IN MESOAMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Taller Regional sobre Especies Invasoras en Mesoamérica y el Caribe • San José, Costa Rica • Junio, 2001 Regional Workshop on Invasive Alien Species • San José, Costa Rica • June, 2001 632.9 H557-i Hernández, Gabriela Invasores en Mesomérica y El Caribe = Invasives in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean / Gabriela Hernández; Enrique Lahmann; Ramón Pérez-Gil. -- 1. ed. -- San José, C.R. : UICN, 2002. 54 p.; 17 x 23 cm. ISBN 9968-743-62-3 1. Biodiversidad. 2. Impacto Ambiental. 3. Especies exóticas (Fauna) 4. Especies exóticas (Flora). 5.Sostenibilidad. 6. Comercio Internacional. 7. Cooperación Regional. I. Lahmann, Enrique. II. Pérez-Gil, Ramón. III. Título. IV. Título paralelo. La designación de entidades geográficas y la presentación del material en este libro no implican la expresión de ninguna opinión por parte de la UICN ni el Centro Ambiental para Centroamérica y el Caribe respecto a la condición jurídica de ningún país, territorio o área, o de sus autoridades, o referente a la delimitación de sus fronteras y límites. Los puntos de vista que se expresan en esta publicación no reflejan necesariamente los de la UICN, del Centro Ambiental para Centroamérica y el Caribe, ni de la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación. Derechos reservados: © 2002 Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza y de los Recursos Naturales. Se autoriza la reproducción de esta publicación con fines educativos y otros fines no comerciales sin permiso escrito previo de quien detenta los derechos de autor con tal de que se mencione la fuente. Se prohíbe reproducir esta publicación para venderla o para otros fines comerciales sin permiso escrito previo de quien detenta los derechos de autor. Diagramado por: Servigráficos, La Nación. Impreso por: Impresión Comercial, La Nación Disponible en: Unión Mundial para la Naturaleza (UICN) Oficina Regional para Mesoamérica, UICN-Mesoamérica Apartado Postal 146-2150 Moravia, San José, Costa Rica Teléfono (506) 241 0101 Fax (506) 240 9934 Correo electrónico: [email protected] Página Web: http://iucn.org/places/orma/ Índice Contents Especies invasoras, problema número uno 9 Invasive species: number one problem Desastre ecológico 10 Ecological disaster Enfermedades y otros problemas 11 Diseases and other problems Miles de millones en pérdidas 12 Losses in the billions Otro producto de la globalización 13 Another product of globalization Comercio imprescindible 14 Essential commerce Diez millones de años en ocho horas 14 Ten million years in eight hours Mesoamérica no escapa 15 No escape for Mesoamerica Los invasores en Mesoamérica y el Caribe 16 Invasives in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean El pez grande se come al más chiquito: el caso de la tilapia 17 The big fish eats the little fish: The case of tilapia Un paraíso con cerdos: el caso de la Isla del Coco 21 A paradise with pigs: the case of Cocos Island Vuelo dañino: la mosca de la fruta 24 Destructive flight: The fruit fly Arbusto invasor en Cuba: el caso del marabú 25 Invasive bush in Cuba: The case of marabú Erosionando playas en el Caribe: la casuarina o pino 26 Eroding beaches in the Caribbean: The casuarina or australiano Australian pine El amarillamiento letal del cocotero 28 Lethal yellowing of coconut palm Robando pasto: el caso del jaragua 30 Stealing pasture: The case of thatching grass El terror del ganado: la fiebre aftosa 31 Bovine terror: Foot and mouth disease Armas para actuar 32 Arms for action Hay muchas maneras 33 There are many ways Un asunto de los humanos 35 A human matter La estrategia global de especies invasoras 36 The global strategy on invasive species Un llamado al mundo 38 A world call to action Otros esfuerzos internacionales 40 Other international efforts Sí es posible erradicar 41 Yes, eradication is possible La plataforma en Mesoamérica 42 The platform in Mesoamerica Claves para la acción regional 44 Keys for regional action Los resultados esperados del plan 47 Outcomes expected from the plan Lista de participantes 50 List of participants INVASIVES IN MESOAMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Results of the Regional Workshop on Invasive Alien Species: Meeting the Challenges Posed by their Presence in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean San José, Costa Rica June 11 and 12, 2001 IUCN - The World Conservation Union Regional Office for Mesoamerica Biodiversity Policy Coordination Division Species Survival Commission Invasive Species Specialist Group United States Department of State Environmental Hub for Central America and the Caribbean The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) With the collaboration of: Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) Editors Gabriela Hernández, Enrique J. Lahmann and Ramón Pérez-Gil Salcido English translation, Leslie Simmons English text reviewers Geoffrey Howard / Jeffrey A. McNeely INVASORES EN MESOAMÉRICA Y EL CARIBE Resultados del Taller Regional sobre Especies Invasoras: ante los retos de su presencia en Mesoamérica y el Caribe San José, Costa Rica 11 y 12 de junio del 2001 UICN - Unión Mundial para la Naturaleza Oficina Regional para Mesoamérica División de Coordinación de Políticas sobre Biodiversidad Comisión de Supervivencia de Especies Grupo de Especialistas en Especies Invasoras Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos de América Centro Ambiental para Centroamérica y el Caribe Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación (COSUDE) Con la colaboración de: Programa Global de Especies Invasoras (GISP) Editores Gabriela Hernández, Enrique J. Lahmann y Ramón Pérez-Gil Salcido PRESENTATION Aliens are invading the planet By Enrique J. Lahmann Director of IUCN-Mesoamerica Alien species are invading the planet, but these are not with the United States Government, in association with the from outer space...they’re from Earth! They include animals Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) such as Africanized bees, the Mediterranean fruit fly, Nile and the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP). tilapia and feral pigs, or species of flora such as the casuarina, cypress, eucalyptus and thatching grass, to The encounter was highly productive, since it provided mention just a few. They can be introduced accidentally or opportunity to obtain a better idea of the problem of on purpose, and their translocation is encouraged by invasive alien species in Mesoamerica and the intensive rapid transport of persons and goods that Caribbean and their impact on human, animal and plant continues to intensify with every day that passes, thanks to health, including economic and ecological damage. burgeoning international trade and tourism. Scientists, technicians and politicians meeting at the event concluded that the problem is truly serious and Settling in habitats not originally their own, invasive that little is known about it, which explains the alien species arrive, stay and wreck enormous damage urgency of drawing up a list of the invasive alien to invaded ecosystems, endangering native plants and species causing most damage in Mesoamerica animals and very often threatening human health. After and the Caribbean. This will enable loss and degradation of habitats, biological invasion is governments and civil society to design or the greatest threat to biodiversity and has devastating tighten measures to keep them from entering, consequences for nature and the economy, particularly or to eradicate or contain species that have agriculture and livestock. In some cases invasive alien already made their way inside. species become pests, wiping out entire harvests. The economic damage inflicted by these “invaders” In this publication we summarize the main case worldwide is estimated at approximately US$400 billion studies presented at the workshop on invasive per year. alien species with a severe economic impact and certain others posing a serious threat to the region’s In Mesoamerica and the Caribbean, there is no precise environment. The document also points out essential knowledge regarding the scope of the damage from elements that should be included in a “Regional Action invasive alien species, what they are and where they are Plan on Invasive Alien Species.” Identifying these elements located. But it is urgent that the situation be studied. So on through group work was one of the workshop’s major 11-12 June, 2001, IUCN-The World Conservation Union outputs. With the knowledge shared here and proposals convened in San José, Costa Rica the first “Regional presented by experts, Mesoamerica and the Caribbean Workshop on Invasive Alien Species in Mesoamerica and took a critical step toward full-scale work on the theme of the Caribbean”. This event was organized in coordination invasive alien species. 4 Invasives in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean PRESENTACIÓN Especies exóticas invaden el planeta Por Enrique J. Lahmann Director de UICN-Mesoamérica Un gran número de especies exóticas están invadiendo El encuentro fue sumamente productivo, pues permitió distintos sitios del planeta, y no se trata de seres de otro obtener una mejor idea sobre la problemática de las mundo…sino de terrícolas! Son animales como la abeja especies exóticas invasoras en Mesoamérica y el africanizada, la mosca de la fruta, la tilapia africana y los Caribe, y cuál es su impacto a nivel de la salud cerdos ferales, o especies de flora como la casuarina, el humana, animal y vegetal, incluido el daño económico ciprés, el eucalipto, el pasto jaragua y la paja canalera,
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