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World II I The Road To War Road to War

The Rise of

The worldwide Depression helped promote militaristic governments in , , and .

History ! WWII in One Take Mussolini Hitler Japan The The Allied Powers Neither G - Germany J- Japan- I – Italy G - Germany J- Japan- 4 2

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1933 WWI Saar 1938

1939 1940 Look at the map “The Axis Attacks.” Identify the below that were Axis victories. Look again at the map “The Axis Attacks.” List 17 European countries that were by the Axis after Poland was invaded. Soviet Union came to power by promising economic prosperity and prestige. He pursued these goals through territorial expansion in . Italy

Benito Mussolini vowed to avenge the humiliations suffered by Germany after War I. First Germany took back lands it had lost in WWI. Then it began seizing other countries. Adolph Hitler

Italy’s Benito Mussolini (right) and Germany’s Adolf Hitler (left) march in a 1937 military ceremony. Hitler & Mussolini were both leaders. In 1936, Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, the of Italy and Germany, formed the Axis to impose their military and political might on the world. Japan joined the Axis in 1940. Japan’s armed forces invaded and other parts of with the aim of exploiting China’s natural resources. Axis Powers DiscEd(1) What did all of these leaders have in common?

They were ruthless dictators who promised a better life for their country, and controlled their nations by force – and fear Political Cartoon

How do you think this picture and the story relate to Adolf Hitler? Soviet / German Non- Aggression Pact

September 1, 1939 Allies Vs.

Axis Activity #1 – Chart of Powers

Similar to activities from WWI, these are to Power Country Leader be done on ?? Britain notebook paper to be handed in. Soviet Union You are also USA encouraged to do more than one ?? Germany activity per page. Each assignment Italy is worth 10 Japan summative points. Axis troops overcame all early resistance. After Germany took France in 1940, the fought on alone. The Soviet Union joined the Allies only after it was invaded by Germany in June of 1941.

Dunkirk

Trailer

Newsreel

The of Britain Churchill’s Speech (1:30) German of http://www.biography.com/people/adolf-hitler-9340144/videos/adolf-hitler-battle-of-britain-3751491841

Nazi planes bombed London from to 1941 During that time, residents of London sought shelter wherever they could, including subway stations. Here, a relief effort passes out to Londoners who have lost their homes.

The US Joins

Japan Attacks

Pearl Harbor – The Attack

https://app.schooltube.com/video/d9f27eab2b9336300895/The_att ack_on_Pearl_Harbor_from_the_movie_Pearl_Harbor

Pearl Harbor - , 1941 USS Arizona

A Date Which Will Live in Infamy

From the movie 1:40

From the World 1:40

Sound Clip

December 7, 1941

Wake Island The Nearly 1,200

Germany 8:55 a.. 1 p.m. 7:55 a.m. 6 a.m.

D C A B False False

True True False True Activity #2 – Radio Announcement

Write a 50-75 word radio announcement informing the citizens of the US of the . Use descriptive words and accurate facts. (this is what you will be graded on – details)

U.S. Mobilization Mobilization – preparation for war • The was created to oversee the conversion of factories to war production • In 1942, the WPB banned the production of cars so auto plants could produce military equipment • Factories ran 24 hours a day, producing , , , & ammunition. • Liberty Ships were transport vessels for troops & supplies. They were about 441 feet and could be built in 4 days.

Mobilization – Financing

• As in WWI, the government increased taxes and sold war bonds to raise money for the war.

– limiting ‘supplies’ necessary for war ▫ Scrap metal ◊ ◊ Rubber ◊

WWI WWII Rationed Items

Disclaimer – video is at 200% speed

Mobilization – Troops

• The Selective Service & Training Act of 1940 required men from 21-35 to register for the draft. ▫ It was later expanded to 18-38. ▫ First peace-time draft

Continued…

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Women • Four new roles in which women participated during wartime: ▫ Factory workers & Machine workers

• Also, separate women divisions of military branches such as WAACs & WASPs ▫ Women’s Auxiliary Army ▫ Women’s Airforce Service Pilots ▫ Nurses in

• What do you think a WAVE might be?

All records of the WASP were classified and sealed for 35 years, so their contributions to the were little known and inaccessible to historians. In 1975, under the of Col. Bruce Arnold, son of Hap Arnold, the WASP fought the "Battle of Congress" in , D.C., to have the WASP recognized as of II. They organized as a again and tried to gain public support for their official recognition.

Finally in 1977, the records were unsealed after an press release erroneously stated the Air Force was training the first women to fly military for the U.S.

This time, the WASPs lobbied Congress with the important support of Senator , who himself had been a World War II ferry pilot in the 27th Ferrying .

In 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed legislation granting the WASP corps full military status for their service.

On July 1, 2009 President and the Congress awarded the WASP the Congressional Medal. Three of the roughly 300 surviving WASPs were on hand to witness the event. During the ceremony President Obama said, "The Women Airforce Service Pilots courageously answered their country's call in a time of need while blazing a trail for the brave women who have given and continue to give so much in service to this nation since. Every American should be grateful for their service, and I am honored to sign this bill to finally give them some of the hard-earned recognition they deserve."

African Americans • A. Philip Randolph was an African American who protested the fact that workers received lower wages than white workers. They were also limited in the types of work they could do

• Dorie Miller became a when he abandoned his role as a cook, and manned a machine on his during the attack on Pearl Harbor.

• The were an all African- American group of pilots. Dorie Miller

Tuskegee Airmen

HBO Film Lucas Film 1995 2012 Mexican Americans • The Bracero program brought in Mexican workers to help with the war effort. They were promised a minimum wage, food, shelter & clean living conditions.

• Mexican men wore fancy, loose fitting outfits with oversized hats known as zoot-.

• In June 1943, American sailors attacked these Mexicans in . It was known as the Zoot- Riots.

Native Americans

Navajo Talkers

Video 2:20 Film Clips

• Becoming a 2:45

• Living History – 2:41 • Living History - 2:20

• Windtalkers 2:40

Japanese American • Internment - Forced relocation and imprisonment

• After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Americans began to view Americans of Japanese descent with fear & suspicion. ▫ They were afraid that they could be secret agents working with Japan to prepare an invasion of the West Coast.

Film Clips • Piece 2:41

• Japanese Internment in America 3:40

Japanese American Internment Continued… Washington

Oregon Arizona

Topaz

Heart Mountain

• When were sent to these camps, they lost everything. ▫ Their jobs, businesses, homes and belongings.

• In 1943, the U.S. government created an all Neisi (Japanese-American born in the US) combat team as a reversal of their policy of not allowing Japanese Americans to serve in the military. ▫ Their remained in the camps.

Germans & Italians were rounded up too, but not as publicly.

Korematsu v. United States

• In 1944, the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans.

• In 1988, Americans acknowledged the injustice of relocation.

• Congress issued a formal apology and agreed to give each survivor $20,000 as a token of the nation’s regret. Activity #3 – Story

Newspaper Interest Story: Create 50-75 word (each) human interest newspaper stories about the WWII experiences of any two of the following groups of Americans  Women  Japanese Americans   Mexican Americans

World War II

War in and

The Allies Fight Back

• Roosevelt & Churchill agreed on 2 initial strategies. ▫ A build up of troops in Great Britain to be used to invade France. ▫ An assault on German forces in North Africa. • Stalin did not like this idea because he felt as if the Soviets were alone in fighting the in Europe & wanted a distraction on the Western front. • One problem was u-boats sinking cargo headed to Britain. ▫ In 1942 alone, u-boats sank more than 6million tons of Allied materials. • Allies used the system – successful in WWI – and new to find & destroy u-boats.

The Soviet Union

• By the middle of 1942, Axis armies had driven far into the Soviet Union. Millions of soviet soldiers had been killed. • But as the winter approached, the German troops were grossly unprepared and Hitler refused to send supplies. Thousands of German soldiers starved or froze to . • Soviet troops gained the advantage and the Germans retreated. • Key turning point of the war.

• Clip DiscEd (1:30) The War in Africa Timeline • Summer 1942 German General , the Fox, began an to take . • The British stopped the at the Battle of . • May 1943 Caught between two Allied forces, the Afrika Korps surrendered. • July 1943 Allied forces invaded the island of . They then moved to the Italian mainland where Italian leaders overthrew Mussolini & surrendered to the Allies. • Allied troops attempted a surprise attack at • June 1944 Allied Forces captured , the capital of Italy. • Early 1945 German forces were driven out of Italy & Italian Freedom Fighters executed Mussolini.

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Victories in and North Africa were turning points of the war and opened the way to Allied advances by

land and by . Fierce fighting continued for over two years before the Axis fell. Invading Europe D-Day

• Largest sea-to-land invasion ever attempted • Germans had prepared with mines and barbed wire on the beaches as well as concrete from which to shoot. This map shows the zones the Germans considered the most probable for an invasion of Europe,

• How Did the Allies D-Day a Secret (2) Internal • Inflatable Decoys (2) Internal The invasion at , the largest sea invasion in history, launched the Allied Western assault. German forces, expecting the invasion at the Strait of Dover, were caught short-handed at Normandy. Continued

June 6, 1944 sea

132,500

Atlantic Wall

Straight of Dover

Omaha Allied troops met the most resistance at . However, by the end of the day, Allies controlled all five beaches in Normandy.

The D-Day Invasion

, 1944 (3) ▫ 6,000 ships, 11,000 planes, and 156,000 men were part of the invasion ▫ American beaches were Utah and Omaha ▫ Omaha was particularly challenging and almost 3,000 men were killed or wounded.

• Charles During (6) Others

• From The (3)

Drop (4:30)

(stop at 4m)

(4) After the Invasion

In July 1944, Allied forces led by American General George Patton broke through German lines on the Western front. At the same time, Soviet troops were closing in from the East.

Within 3 months of the invasion, Allied troops liberated , 1944.

Paris, after liberating the August 25, 1944.

Battle of the Bulge

• Allied troops continued moving toward Germany through Belgium & Luxembourg. • Hitler drafted every able bodied man between the ages of 16-60 to stage one last desperate attack… • December 16- • Largest & Bloodiest battle fought by the U.S. during WWII.

Battle of the Bulge (3)

End of the War

• January 1945 German troops began to retreat and Hitler’s ability to wage offensive war was crushed.

• February 1945 Allied attacked German city of killing more than 35,000 Germans.

As Soviet troops surrounded , Hitler committed suicide in his underground .

, 1945 The Germans surrendered & the war in Europe Ended V-E (Victory in Europe) Day.

• *, 1945 FDR died & Harry became President.

Why We Fight

• Discovery Band of Brothers (10)

• Testimonials The Century (17) 15:43

Activity #4 – Interview Questions

Write 10 questions that you would ask a survivor. After the question record a possible answer (2-3 sentences) based on the information in your textbook or that you have learned trough Mrs. Fava. World War II Section 4 War in

C E E C E C Aircraft, Ships, Tanks, Ordnance

Japan Advances Japan attacked many countries at the same time, or immediately after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

American soldiers surrendered to the Japanese in the Philippines. 70,000 American and Filipino soldiers were forced to march 63 to a prison camp while being starved and beaten. Over 10,000 soldier died in what became known as the .

Chester Nimitz was put in of the . MacArthur In , as Japanese forces tightened their grip on the Philippines, MacArthur was ordered by President Roosevelt to relocate to . He said “I came through and I shall return”. Washington asked MacArthur to amend his promise to "We shall return". He ignored the request. After more than two years of fighting in the Pacific, he fulfilled a promise to return to the Philippines.

They were beaten, and they were starved as they marched. Those who fell were bayoneted. Some of those who fell were beheaded by Japanese officers who were practicing with their samurai from horseback. The Japanese culture at that time reflected the view that any who surrendered had no honor; thus was not to be treated like a human being. Thus they were not committing crimes against human beings.[...] The Japanese soldiers at that time… felt they were dealing with subhumans and animals. Many of the prisoners died along the way of heat or exhaustion…given no food for the first three days…only allowed to drink water from filthy water buffalo wallows on the side of the road…Japanese would frequently beat and bayonet prisoners who began to fall behind, or were unable to walk. At the prison, overcrowded conditions and poor hygiene caused to rapidly spread among the prisoners…they failed to provide medical care and few or no supplies Continued The war in the Pacific covered huge distances. The Allies used a strategy called island hopping, closing in on Japan by sea. The final attacks, however, were by air and used the first atomic bombs.

6 2 5 1 3 4 Island hopping

Dutch Harbor

Baatan Gulf Okinawa 1941-1942 AX 1942 AX 1942 N 1943 AL 1944 AL 1945 AL

• Retaliation for Philippines – wanted to show the Japanese they were not invincible.

• The first U.S. raid on the Japanese main island on , 1942.

• Sixteen bombers were launched from a U.S. ship – huge feat - to attack targets, including , and then fly on to airfields in China.

Key Allied Victories - early May 1942 Battle of the American & Japanese aircraft carriers & fighter planes clashed.

June 4-7 – turning point Americans inflicted heavy damage on the Japanese fleets. Ships never saw each other.

August 1942 Marines invaded and fought for 6 months facing & starvation. Island Hopping Battling Toward Japan

November 1943 Marine invasion of Tarawa – similar to D-Day invasion. U.S. victory.

October 1944 Battle of – the largest naval battle in history.

November 1944 Philippines - Allied troops finally regained control of the Philippines.

1944-1945 Bombing Japan American B-29 bombers, able to carry 20,000 pounds of explosives each, launched bombing raids on more than 60 major Japanese . Battling Toward Japan

February, 1945 Bombing Tokyo - Japan’s capital city of Tokyo, left 1 million people homeless, destroyed factories, and food became so scarce that many people neared starvation. But showed we could reach them… Spring 1945 Iwo Jima and Okinawa - Two of the war’s fiercest battles – Casualties=killed or wounded • Iwo Jima casualties ▫ U.S.: 6,000 ▫ Japanese: 19-20,000

• Okinawa casualties ▫ U.S.: 12,000 ▫ Japanese: 110,000 + 80,000 civilians Japanese suicide pilot More than 2,500 kamikaze missions were flown, killing more than 4,000 Allied sailors.

Last desperate attempt Limited fuel Proclamation

July 16, 1945 The first successful test of the first atomic in the New desert.

The Atomic bomb was ready for use. The Allies issued a proclamation warning that if Japan did not , they faced “prompt and utter destruction”

Still Japanese leaders refused to surrender

The Bombs

USS

Dropping

Continued aircraft

Hanford Oak Ridge Los Alamos , 1945 First Bomb - Hiroshima B-29 , , dropped an atomic bomb, killing almost 80,000 people immediately.

August 9, 1945 Second Bomb – Nagasaki U.S. forces dropped a second atomic bomb, killing about 22,000 people immediately.

August 15, 1945 V-J Day (Victory over Japan) The Japanese announced their surrender.

This image shows the devastation of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima

End of the War

More than 50 million people had been killed. More than half of them were civilians. National economies were devastated. Millions of people were left without food, water or shelter, while America escaped this level of destruction. Therefore much of the responsibility of post-war rebuilding fell to the United States.

Activity #5 – Diary Entry

Write a page diary entry (30-50+ words) of Harry Truman about his decision to drop the atomic bomb. Include Truman’s thoughts & feelings and factual information. You will be graded on details.