World War II Section I The Road To War Road to War The Rise of Totalitarianism The worldwide Depression helped promote militaristic governments in Germany, Italy, and Japan. History Bombs! WWII in One Take Mussolini Hitler Japan The Axis Powers The Allied Powers Poland Neither G - Germany J- Japan- I – Italy G - Germany J- Japan- 4 2 1 3 5 1933 WWI Saar Rhineland Sudetenland 1938 1939 1940 Soviet Union Look at the map “The Axis Attacks.” Identify the battles below that were Axis victories. Look again at the map “The Axis Attacks.” List 17 European countries that were occupied by the Axis after Poland was invaded. France Lithuania Belgium Hungary Luxembourg Romania Netherlands Yugoslavia Denmark Bulgaria Norway Albania Finland Greece Estonia Soviet Union Latvia Benito Mussolini came to power by promising Italians economic prosperity and military prestige. He pursued these goals through territorial expansion in Africa. Italy Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler vowed to avenge the humiliations suffered by Germany after World War I. First Germany took back lands it had lost in WWI. Then it began seizing other countries. Adolph Hitler Italy’s Benito Mussolini (right) and Germany’s Adolf Hitler (left) march in a 1937 military ceremony. Hitler & Mussolini were both fascist leaders. In 1936, Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, the dictators of Italy and Germany, formed the Axis to impose their military and political might on the world. Japan joined the Axis in 1940. Japan’s armed forces invaded Manchuria and other parts of China with the aim of exploiting China’s natural resources. Hideki Tojo Axis Powers DiscEd(1) Joseph Stalin What did all of these leaders have in common? They were ruthless dictators who promised a better life for their country, and controlled their nations by force – and fear Munich Appeasement Political Cartoon How do you think this picture and the story relate to Adolf Hitler? Soviet / German Non- Aggression Pact September 1, 1939 Allies Vs. Axis Activity #1 – Chart of Powers Similar to activities from WWI, these are to Power Country Leader be done on ?? Britain notebook paper to be handed in. Soviet Union You are also USA encouraged to do more than one ?? Germany activity per page. Each assignment Italy is worth 10 Japan summative points. Axis troops overcame all early resistance. After Germany took France in 1940, the United Kingdom fought on alone. The Soviet Union joined the Allies only after it was invaded by Germany in June of 1941. Dunkirk Trailer Newsreel The Battle of Britain Churchill’s Speech (1:30) German invasion of London http://www.biography.com/people/adolf-hitler-9340144/videos/adolf-hitler-battle-of-britain-3751491841 Nazi planes bombed London from September 1940 to May 1941 During that time, residents of London sought shelter wherever they could, including subway stations. Here, a relief effort passes out food to Londoners who have lost their homes. The US Joins the War Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor – The Attack https://app.schooltube.com/video/d9f27eab2b9336300895/The_att ack_on_Pearl_Harbor_from_the_movie_Pearl_Harbor Pearl Harbor - December 7, 1941 USS Arizona A Date Which Will Live in Infamy From the movie 1:40 From the World Wars 1:40 Sound Clip December 7, 1941 Wake Island Guam The Philippines Nearly 1,200 Germany 8:55 a.m. 1 p.m. 7:55 a.m. 6 a.m. D C A B False False True True False True Activity #2 – Radio Announcement Write a 50-75 word radio announcement informing the citizens of the US of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Use descriptive words and accurate facts. (this is what you will be graded on – details) U.S. Mobilization Mobilization – preparation for war • The War Production Board was created to oversee the conversion of factories to war production • In 1942, the WPB banned the production of cars so auto plants could produce military equipment • Factories ran 24 hours a day, producing ships, tanks, jeeps, guns & ammunition. • Liberty Ships were transport vessels for troops & supplies. They were about 441 feet and could be built in 4 days. Mobilization – Financing • As in WWI, the government increased taxes and sold war bonds to raise money for the war. • Rationing – limiting ‘supplies’ necessary for war ▫ Scrap metal ◊ Gasoline ◊ Rubber ◊ Nylon ◊ Foods WWI WWII Rationed Items Disclaimer – video is at 200% speed Mobilization – Troops • The Selective Service & Training Act of 1940 required men from 21-35 to register for the draft. ▫ It was later expanded to 18-38. ▫ First peace-time draft Continued… 14 4 5 1 2 Women • Four new roles in which women participated during wartime: ▫ Factory workers & Machine workers • Also, separate women divisions of military branches such as WAACs & WASPs ▫ Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps ▫ Women’s Airforce Service Pilots ▫ Nurses in Combat • What do you think a WAVE might be? Rosie the Riveter All records of the WASP were classified and sealed for 35 years, so their contributions to the war effort were little known and inaccessible to historians. In 1975, under the leadership of Col. Bruce Arnold, son of General Hap Arnold, the WASP fought the "Battle of Congress" in Washington, D.C., to have the WASP recognized as veterans of World War II. They organized as a group again and tried to gain public support for their official veteran recognition. Finally in 1977, the records were unsealed after an Air Force press release erroneously stated the Air Force was training the first women to fly military aircraft for the U.S. This time, the WASPs lobbied Congress with the important support of Senator Barry Goldwater, who himself had been a World War II ferry pilot in the 27th Ferrying Squadron. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed legislation granting the WASP corps full military status for their service. On July 1, 2009 President Barack Obama and the United States Congress awarded the WASP the Congressional Gold Medal. Three of the roughly 300 surviving WASPs were on hand to witness the event. During the ceremony President Obama said, "The Women Airforce Service Pilots courageously answered their country's call in a time of need while blazing a trail for the brave women who have given and continue to give so much in service to this nation since. Every American should be grateful for their service, and I am honored to sign this bill to finally give them some of the hard-earned recognition they deserve." African Americans • A. Philip Randolph was an African American who protested the fact that black workers received lower wages than white workers. They were also limited in the types of work they could do • Dorie Miller became a hero when he abandoned his role as a cook, and manned a machine gun on his ship during the attack on Pearl Harbor. • The Tuskegee Airmen were an all African- American group of pilots. Dorie Miller Tuskegee Airmen HBO Film Lucas Film 1995 2012 Mexican Americans • The Bracero program brought in Mexican workers to help with the war effort. They were promised a minimum wage, food, shelter & clean living conditions. • Mexican men wore fancy, loose fitting outfits with oversized hats known as zoot-suits. • In June 1943, American sailors attacked these Mexicans in Los Angeles. It was known as the Zoot-Suit Riots. Native Americans Navajo Code Talkers Video 2:20 Film Clips • Becoming a Code Talker 2:45 • Living History – 2:41 • Living History - 2:20 • Windtalkers 2:40 Japanese American Internment • Internment - Forced relocation and imprisonment • After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Americans began to view Americans of Japanese descent with fear & suspicion. ▫ They were afraid that they could be secret agents working with Japan to prepare an invasion of the West Coast. Film Clips • Propaganda Piece 2:41 • Japanese Internment in America 3:40 Japanese American Internment Continued… Washington Oregon California Arizona Topaz Heart Mountain • When Japanese Americans were sent to these camps, they lost everything. ▫ Their jobs, businesses, homes and belongings. • In 1943, the U.S. government created an all Neisi (Japanese-American born in the US) combat team as a reversal of their policy of not allowing Japanese Americans to serve in the military. ▫ Their families remained in the camps. Germans & Italians were rounded up too, but not as publicly. Korematsu v. United States • In 1944, the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. • In 1988, Americans acknowledged the injustice of relocation. • Congress issued a formal apology and agreed to give each survivor $20,000 as a token of the nation’s regret. Activity #3 – Newspaper Story Newspaper Human Interest Story: Create 50-75 word (each) human interest newspaper stories about the WWII experiences of any two of the following groups of Americans Women Japanese Americans African Americans Mexican Americans World War II War in Europe and North Africa The Allies Fight Back • Roosevelt & Churchill agreed on 2 initial strategies. ▫ A build up of troops in Great Britain to be used to invade France. ▫ An assault on German forces in North Africa. • Stalin did not like this idea because he felt as if the Soviets were alone in fighting the Germans in Europe & wanted a distraction on the Western front. • One problem was u-boats sinking cargo headed to Britain. ▫ In 1942 alone, u-boats sank more than 6million tons of Allied materials. • Allies used the convoy system – successful in WWI – and new sonar technology to find & destroy u-boats. The Soviet Union • By the middle of 1942, Axis armies had driven far into the Soviet Union. Millions of soviet soldiers had been killed. • But as the winter approached, the German troops were grossly unprepared and Hitler refused to send supplies. Thousands of German soldiers starved or froze to death.