Interpersonal Rejection As a Determinant of Anger and Aggression Mark R
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Social Acceptance and Rejection: the Sweet and the Bitter
Current Directions in Psychological Science Social Acceptance and Rejection: 20(4) 256 –260 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: The Sweet and the Bitter sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0963721411417545 http://cdps.sagepub.com C. Nathan DeWall1 and Brad J. Bushman2 1University of Kentucky and 2The Ohio State University and VU University, Amsterdam Abstract People have a fundamental need for positive and lasting relationships. In this article, we provide an overview of social psychological research on the topic of social acceptance and rejection. After defining these terms, we describe the need to belong and how it enabled early humans to fulfill their survival and reproductive goals. Next, we review research on the effects of social rejection on emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and biological responses. We also describe research on the neural correlates of social rejection. We offer a theoretical account to explain when and why social rejection produces desirable and undesirable outcomes. We then review evidence regarding how people cope with the pain of social rejection. We conclude by identifying factors associated with heightened and diminished responses to social rejection. Keywords social rejection, social exclusion, social acceptance, need to belong Deep down even the most hardened criminal is starving identify factors associated with heightened and diminished for the same thing that motivates the innocent baby: responses to social rejection. Love and acceptance. — Lily Fairchilde What Are Social Acceptance Hardened criminals may seem worlds apart from innocent and Social Rejection? babies. Yet, as the Fairchilde quote suggests, there is reason to Social acceptance means that other people signal that they believe that most people share a similar craving for social wish to include you in their groups and relationships (Leary, acceptance. -
A Theory of Biobehavioral Response to Workplace Incivility
BIOBEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO INCIVILITY THE EMBODIMENT OF INSULT: A THEORY OF BIOBEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO WORKPLACE INCIVILITY Lilia M. Cortina University of Michigan 530 Church Street Ann Arbor, MI 48104 [email protected] M. Sandy Hershcovis University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 [email protected] Kathryn B.H. Clancy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 607 S. Mathews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 [email protected] (in press, Journal of Management) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors are grateful to Christine Porath, who provided feedback on an earlier draft of this article. Hershcovis acknowledges support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Clancy acknowledges support from NSF grant #1916599, the Illinois Leadership Center, and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, and thanks her trainees as well as the attendees of the 2019 Transdisciplinary Research on Incivility in STEM Contexts Workshop for their brilliant thinking and important provocations. BIOBEHAVIORAL RESPONSE TO INCIVILITY 1 Abstract This article builds a broad theory to explain how people respond, both biologically and behaviorally, when targeted with incivility in organizations. Central to our theorizing is a multifaceted framework that yields four quadrants of target response: reciprocation, retreat, relationship repair, and recruitment of support. We advance the novel argument that these behaviors not only stem from biological change within the body, but also stimulate such change. Behavioral responses that revolve around affiliation, and produce positive social connections, are most likely to bring biological benefits. However, social and cultural features of an organization can stand in the way of affiliation, especially for employees holding marginalized identities. -
Kipling D. Williams
VITA KIPLING D. WILLIAMS FEBRUARY 2021 Birth date: December 24, 1953 Place of Birth: Columbus, Ohio, USA Office Address: Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University 703 Third Street West Lafayette, IN 47907 E-mail Address: [email protected] Web pages: http://www2.psych.purdue.edu/~kip http://williams.socialpsychology.org/ Home Address: 3213 Covington Street West Lafayette, IN 47906 EDUCATIONAL HISTORY: Ph. D. The Ohio State University, 1981. Social Psychology Minors: Consumer Behavior, Statistics Dissertation: (advisor: B. Latané). The effects of cohesiveness on social loafing in simulated word-processing pools. M.A. Ohio State University, 1977. Social Psychology Thesis: (advisor: B. Latané). The loss of control as a determinant of social loafing. B.S. (cum laude) University of Washington, 1975. Major: Psychology EMPLOYMENT HISTORY: 2021-presnt Director of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University. 2019 (July) Instructor to Grades 9-12 at Gifted Education Research and Resource Institute (GER2I), on “Outcast: The Psychology of Ostracism” 2017-present Distinguished Professor of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University 2017 (June-July) Summer School Faculty, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 2012 (July-Aug) Summer School Faculty, SIE-Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. 2012 (Feb-June) Lorentz Center Fellow of Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study (NIAS), Wassenaar, NL. 2004-present Professor, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. 2001-2004 Professor, Department of Psychology and Deputy Dean of Division of Linguistics and Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia. 1997-2000 Senior Lecturer-Assoc. Prof, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 1995-1996 Visiting Professor of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. -
Development and Persuasion Processing: an Investigation of Children's Advertising Susceptibility and Understanding
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Development and Persuasion Processing: An Investigation of Children's Advertising Susceptibility and Understanding Matthew Allen Lapierre University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Lapierre, Matthew Allen, "Development and Persuasion Processing: An Investigation of Children's Advertising Susceptibility and Understanding" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 770. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/770 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/770 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Development and Persuasion Processing: An Investigation of Children's Advertising Susceptibility and Understanding Abstract Over the past 40 years, research on children's understanding of commercial messages and how they respond to these messages has tried to explain why younger children are less likely to understand these messages and are more likely to respond favorably to them with varying success (Kunkel et al., 2004; Ward, Wackman, & Wartella, 1977), however this line of research has been criticized for not adequately engaging developmental research or theorizing to explain why/how children responde to persuasive messages (Moses & Baldwin, 2005; Rozendaal, Lapierre, Buijzen, van Reijmersdal, 2011). The current study attempts to change this by empirically testing whether children's developing theory of mind, executive function, and emotion regulation helps to bolster their reaction to advertisements and their understanding of commercial messages. With a sample of 79 children between the ages of 6 to 9 and their parents, this study sought to determine if these developmental mechanisms were linked to processing of advertisements and understanding of commercial intent. -
Stereotypes Can Be Learned Through Implicit Associations Or Explicit Rules
Stereotypes Can Be Learned through Implicit Associations or Explicit Rules by Anthony Michael Pascoe Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Date: ____________________ Approved: _________________________________ Wendy Wood, Committee Co-Supervisor _________________________________ Mark Leary, Committee Co-Supervisor _____________________________ Harris Cooper ____________________________ James Bettman Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 ABSTRACT Stereotypes Can Be Learned through Implicit Associations or Explicit Rules by Anthony Michael Pascoe Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke University Date: ____________________ Approved: _________________________________ Wendy Wood, Committee Co-Supervisor _________________________________ Mark Leary, Committee Co-Supervisor _____________________________ Harris Cooper ____________________________ James Bettman An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience in the Graduate School of Duke University 2011 Copyright by Anthony Michael Pascoe 2011 Abstract Two studies examined whether stereotypes can be created using different learning paradigms and whether the resulting stereotypes will have different properties that affect their activation, suppression, and explicit knowledge. In the Pilot -
Dimorphous Expressions of Positive Emotions
PSSXXX10.1177/0956797614561044Aragón et al.Dimorphous Expressions 561044research-article2015 Research Article Psychological Science 2015, Vol. 26(3) 259 –273 Dimorphous Expressions of Positive © The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Emotion: Displays of Both Care and DOI: 10.1177/0956797614561044 Aggression in Response to Cute Stimuli pss.sagepub.com Oriana R. Aragón, Margaret S. Clark, Rebecca L. Dyer, and John A. Bargh Yale University Abstract Extremely positive experiences, and positive appraisals thereof, produce intense positive emotions that often generate both positive expressions (e.g., smiles) and expressions normatively reserved for negative emotions (e.g., tears). We developed a definition of these dimorphous expressions and tested the proposal that their function is to regulate emotions. We showed that individuals who express emotions in this dimorphous manner do so as a general response across a variety of emotionally provoking situations, which suggests that these expressions are responses to intense positive emotion rather than unique to one particular situation. We used cute stimuli (an elicitor of positive emotion) to demonstrate both the existence of these dimorphous expressions and to provide preliminary evidence of their function as regulators of emotion. Keywords emotion, emotion expression, emotion regulation, cute Received 8/14/14; Revision accepted 11/1/14 Some people cry at graduations, at the birth of their chil- process model of emotion that begins with a stimulus dren, when a hero returns from war, when they reach event, followed by an appraisal of the event, an emo- their goals, and when someone gives to another person tional experience, and then an expressive behavior. -
The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Neuroethics Publications Center for Neuroscience & Society 2009 The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy Andrea L. Glenn University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Adrian Raine University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] R.A. Schug University of Southern California Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/neuroethics_pubs Part of the Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons Recommended Citation Glenn, A. L., Raine, A., & Schug, R. (2009). The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/neuroethics_pubs/55 Suggested Citation Glenn, A.L, Raine, Adrian, Schug, R.A. "The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy" Molecular Psychiatry, (2009) Vol. 14, 5-6. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/neuroethics_pubs/55 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy Keywords magnetic resonance imaging, antisocial personality disorder, social behavior, morals, amygdala Disciplines Neuroscience and Neurobiology Comments Suggested Citation Glenn, A.L, Raine, Adrian, Schug, R.A. "The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy" Molecular Psychiatry, (2009) Vol. 14, 5-6. This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/neuroethics_pubs/55 1 The Neural Correlates of Moral Decision-Making in Psychopathy 2009. Molecular Psychiatry, 14, 5-6. Glenn, A.L.* Department of Psychology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6241, USA Tel: (417)-425-4393 Fax: (215)-746-4239 [email protected] Raine, A. Department of Criminology and Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6241, USA Schug, R.A. -
Issues in Domestic Violence: Introduction and Theories
Domestic Violence Introduction, 1 ________________________________________________________________ Issues in Domestic Violence: Introduction and Theories Introduction Case Vignette Monica is a 43-year-old woman who works as an executive in a large pharmaceutical company. It was here that she met her boyfriend, Richard, who has a similarly face-paced and stressful position. Things in the relationship seemed to be going well until they moved in together. It is only now that Monica is aware of how demanding Richard is, and how he becomes angry and belittling when they argue. After the last argument Richard shattered a crystal vase that was an heirloom from Monica’s grandmother. Monica is finding herself to be more and more depressed. She would like to make things work, but is fearful that these behaviors can’t be changed. Take a moment to think about the words “domestic violence.” What images come to mind? Do you think about a submissive, middle aged-woman being beaten by her alcoholic husband? Do you think ‘why doesn’t she just leave?’ or ‘Not in my practice, hospital or agency.’ The reality of domestic violence is that while these stereotypes fit some situations, they do not even begin to touch upon the scope of the problem. Many mental health practitioners are working with clients experiencing current domestic violence, and are unaware that it is occurring because of the shame that is often associated with it. The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence defines domestic violence as “the willful intimidation, physical assault, battery, sexual assault, and/or other abusive behavior perpetrated by an intimate partner against another.” While there have been studies of domestic violence from a cultural perspective, domestic violence affects individuals in every community, regardless of age, economic status, race, religion, nationality or educational background. -
Information for Parents on Sexual Abuse
PARENT INFORMATION ABOUT SEXUAL ABUSE Here is some practical information for helping you keep your child safe from sexual abuse. If you have specific questions or concerns about your children, please contact your school principal or counselor. Other resources are listed at the end of this information. Did you know? • That every two minutes a child is sexually assaulted • There are often no physical signs of sexual assault • By staying silent the abuser is protected • Silence gives permission for the victimization to continue • That one in four girls and one in six boys are victims of sexual abuse by age 18 • Sexual abuse doesn’t discriminate…it spans all socio-economic classes and religions • That 50-90% of child sexual assaults are never reported • In 1998, Health and Human Services reported 108,360 confirmed sexual abuse cases • 61% of reported rapes were committed against victims under age 17 • 85% of the time, the child knows and trusts the abuser. What is Sexual Abuse? Sexual abuse includes the following acts or omissions by a person: o Sexual conduct harmful to a child’s mental, emotional or physical welfare, including conduct that constitutes the offense of indecency with a child, sexual assault, or aggravated sexual assault; o Failure to make a reasonable effort to prevent sexual conduct harmful to a child; o Compelling or encouraging the child to engage in sexual conduct; o Causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing the photographing, filming, or depicting of the child if the person knew or should have known that the resulting photograph, film, or depiction of the child is obscene or pornographic; o Causing, permitting, encouraging, engaging in, or allowing a sexual performance by a child. -
Studies on Peer Victimization and Social Exclusion from A
Patrik Söderberg Not Only Bad Luck Studies on Peer Victimization and Social Exclusion from a Multilevel Perspective Adolescent victimization and social exclusion are universal phenomena with long-term negative Patrik Söderberg mental health consequences. Meanwhile, studies on the effectiveness of anti-bullying programs have yielded mixed result. Patrik Söderberg | Not Only Bad Luck | 2018 Söderberg | Not Only Bad Luck Patrik Not Only Bad Luck This thesis adopts a multilevel approach to explore the bi-directional relationships between psycho- Studies on Peer Victimization and Social Exclusion social maladjustment and peer victimization, in settings that participants have little to no choice from a Multilevel Perspective but to belong to, such as nomadic forager band societies, modern high-school classrooms, and the family environment. Based on the results, the thesis suggests that whole-school programs should continue to pro- mote inclusiveness and diversity, but should also acknowledge the impact of individual characteris- tics and family adversities on peer victimization. 9 789521 237393 ISBN 978-952-12-3739-3 Patrik Söderberg Born 1980 in Vasa, Finland Studies, exams, and present occupation: Master’s degree in Developmental Psychology at Åbo Akademi University in 2010 Bachelor’s degree in Political Science at Åbo Akademi University in 2009 Patrik Söderberg is currently working as a university teacher in Developmental Psychology within the Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies at Åbo Akademi University in Vasa, Finland. His research and teaching interests include peer victimization, social inclusion, gene- environment interaction, and youth political participation. Portrait photo: Raija Skyttälä, Foto Airaksinen Cover photo: User PublicDomainPictures on Pixabay, released under Creative Commons CC0 Åbo Akademi University Press Tavastgatan 13, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland Tel. -
Self-Esteem I Ett Nytt Ljus: En Redogörelse För, Och Validering Av, Sociometerteorin
Self-esteem i ett nytt ljus: en redogörelse för, och validering av, sociometerteorin C-uppsats i Psykologi Jens Brogren och Karl-Anton Östensson vt 2004 Handledare: Måns Holgersson HÖGSKOLAN KRISTIANSTAD Institutionen för Beteendevetenskap 1 SELF-ESTEEM I ETT NYTT LJUS: EN REDOGÖRELSE FÖR, OCH VALIDERING AV, SOCIOMETERTEORIN Jens Brogren och Karl-Anton Östensson Denna studie syftade för det första till att ge en grundlig och bred presentation av self-esteem-begreppet utifrån sociometerteorin, samt för det andra att korsvalidera Leary m.fl. (1995, studie 1 och 5). Vi ville förmedla hur sociometerteorins nya betraktelsesätt har satt self- esteem begreppet i ett nytt ljus, samt har kunnat förklara self-esteem på ett bredare och mer funktionellt sätt. Vi ville också visa vilka kopplingar det finns mellan self-esteem, social oro, uppfattad social exkluderingsstatus och människors förväntningar om huruvida deras beteende kommer att leda till social inkludering. Utifrån sociometerteorin betraktas self-esteem som en sociometer som övervakar en persons relationsvärde och hjälper människor att reglera sina interpersonella relationer. I studien ingick 81 kvinnliga och 51 manliga högskolestudenter från en högskola i södra Sverige. Resultaten visade på att det förekom: a) en signifikant positiv korrelation (r=0,35) mellan state self-esteem och beteenden som förväntas leda till social inkludering, b) en signifikant negativ korrelation (r=-0,73) mellan trait self-esteem och uppfattad exkluderingsstatus, c) en signifikant negativ korrelation (r=-0,56) mellan social oro (IAS) och trait self-esteem, d) en signifikant positiv korrelation (r=0,60) mellan social oro (IAS) och uppfattad exkluderingsstatus. Nyckelord: sociometerteorin, relationsvärde, state self-esteem, trait self-esteem, social oro. -
The Sacred, the Profane, and the Crying of Lot 49. From
VARIATIONS ON A THEME IN AMERICAN FICTION Edited by Kenneth H. Baldwin and David K. Kirby Duke University Press Durham, N.C. 1975 I THE SACRED, THE PROFANE, AND THE CRYING OF LOT 49 Thomas Pynchon’s first two novels (a third has been announced at this writing) are members of that rare and valuable class of books which, on their first appearance, were thought obscure even by their admirers, but which became increasingly accessible afterwards, without losing any of their original excitement When V., Pynchon’s first novel, appeared in 1963, some of its reviewers counselled reading it twice or not at all, and even then warned that its various patterns would not fall entirely into place. Even if its formal elements were obscure, V. still recom mended itself through its sustained explosions of verbal and imaginative energy, its immense range of knowledge and inci dent, its extraordinary ability to excite the emotions without ever descending into the easy paths of self-praise or self-pity that less rigorous novelists had been tracking with success for years. By now the published discussions of the book agree that its central action, repeated and articulated in dozens of variations, involves a decline, both in history broadly conceived and in the book’s individual characters, from energy to stasis, and from the vital to the inanimate. The Crying of Lot 49, Pynchon’s second book, published in 1966, is much shorter and superficially more co hesive than the first book. Its reception, compared with V.s al most universal praise, was relatively muted, and it has since re ceived less critical attention than it deserves.