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Architectural Survey and Archeological ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED TRAMLINKBR PROJECT, BATON ROUGE, EAST BATON ROUGE PARISH, LOUISIANA LOUISIANA DIVISION OF ARCHAEOLOGY REPORT NO. 22-5224 FINAL REPORT UNDER CONTRACT TO HNTB CORPORATION STANTEC CONSULTING SERVICES INC. MILWAUKEE, WI BATON ROUGE, LA FOR FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION REGION 6 OFFICE 819 TAYLOR ST., ROOM 14A00 FORT WORTH, TX 76102 AND THE CITY OF BATON ROUGE-PARISH OF EAST BATON ROUGE (CITY-PARISH) 222 ST. LOUIS STREET BATON ROUGE, LA 70802 MAY 2016 ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED TRAMLINKBR PROJECT, BATON ROUGE, EAST BATON ROUGE PARISH, LOUISIANA LOUISIANA DIVISION OF ARCHAEOLOGY REPORT NO. 22-5224 PREPARED BY SARA A. HAHN COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS, INC. 1260 MAIN STREET BATON ROUGE, LA DAVID B. KELLEY PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR UNDER CONTRACT TO HNTB CORPORATION STANTEC CONSULTING SERVICES INC. MILWAUKEE, WI BATON ROUGE, LA FOR FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION REGION 6 OFFICE 819 TAYLOR ST., ROOM 14A00 FORT WORTH, TX 76102 AND THE CITY OF BATON ROUGE-PARISH OF EAST BATON ROUGE (CITY-PARISH) 222 ST. LOUIS STREET BATON ROUGE, LA 70802 MAY 2016 ABSTRACT These investigations were conducted to document the identification and evaluation of historic properties that may be affected by the proposed TramLinkBR system, and in part, to meet the requirements of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 as amended (54 U.S.C. §306108); and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) implementing regulations 36 CFR 800. The FTA is the lead Federal agency for this project and the City-Parish is the project sponsor (FTA grant applicant) and responsible for implementing the project. The proposed project would provide an approximately three-mile rail-tram service in downtown and along the Nicholson Drive corridor. This north-south tram corridor will connect the Louisiana State Capitol, downtown Baton Rouge, Old South Baton Rouge and the Louisiana State University. The TramLinkBR Direct Area of Potential Effect (APE) (archaeological) consists of the roadway right of way (ROW) for the tram alignment, in which tracks and ancillary facilities—including tram stops and the overhead contact system—would be built as well as the footprints of four traction power substations (TPSS), and a new operation and maintenance facility (OMF) (34.5 ac [14 ha]). The OMF site would require new right of way and the TPSS would require new right of way and/or easements. The TramLinkBR Indirect APE encompasses the direct APE and adjacent properties facing the proposed tram alignment and associated facilities. The APE takes into account direct and indirect effects including visual/contextual effects related to historic properties. The additional acreage included within the indirect APE beyond the direct APE limits is 223.3 ac (90.4 ha) for a total area of 257.8 ac (104.3 ha). LA SHPO concurred with the APE on 24 March 2016. There are seven properties individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) —St. Joseph Cathedral, St. James Episcopal Church, the Old Post Office, the Baton Rouge Savings and Loan Association, Magnolia Mound Plantation, Magnolia Mound Plantation House Dependency, and the Hart House on the Magnolia Mound property. The proposed project would have no adverse effect on these properties. Twenty-four structures of the Beauregard Town NRHD are located within the TramLinkBR APE. The proposed project would have no adverse effect on these structures or the district. Pastime Restaurant and Lounge is a Baton Rouge Local Landmark located within the APE. The proposed project would have no adverse effect on it. The former Evans Electrical Supply Building and the LSU Gates on Nicholson Drive were determined eligible for listing on the NRHP prior to this project. This project would have no adverse effect on these properties. The former Louisiana Teachers Association building is considered eligible for listing on the NRHP under Criterion C. The proposed project would have no adverse effect on the property. The West Chimes Place Apartments (3076 and 3126 Nicholson Drive) are also considered eligible for ii listing on the NRHP under Criterion A. The proposed project would have no adverse effect on this property. An archaeological survey was not feasible due to the fact that approximately 89 percent of the TramLinkBR footprint is inaccessible due to development (e.g., under paving, buildings). In addition, access could not be obtained to survey the remaining 11 percent of the TramLinkBR footprint prior to property acquisition. Therefore, only an extensive archaeological background research study was prepared for the proposed TramLinkBR Project. Effects on archaeological resources could not be evaluated at this time. Therefore, a programmatic agreement is recommended to establish protocols for phase-monitoring, discovery, identification or evaluation, and treatments of these resources if encountered. Archaeological monitoring would be needed for high probability, and moderate to high probability areas. No further work is recommended in areas of low or low to moderate archaeological probability. Execution of the PA and compliance with its stipulations would demonstrate FTA compliance with Section 106 for this project (36 CFR 800.13[a], 800.14 [b]). iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ xi INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ............................................................................................... 4 Geology and Geomorphology ...................................................................... 4 Flora and Fauna ............................................................................................ 6 Climate ......................................................................................................... 7 CULTURAL SETTING .......................................................................................................... 9 Prehistoric Setting ........................................................................................ 9 Paleo-Indian Period, Prior to 6000 B.C. ................................................. 9 Early Archaic Period, 6000–5000 B.C. .................................................. 11 Middle Archaic Period, 5000–3000 B.C. ............................................... 11 Late Archaic Period, 3000–1500 B.C. ................................................... 12 Poverty Point Period, 1500–500 B.C. .................................................... 12 Tchula Period, 500 B.C.–A.D. 1 ............................................................ 13 Marksville Period, A.D. 1–400 .............................................................. 14 Baytown Period, A.D. 400–700 ............................................................. 15 Coles Creek Period, A.D. 700–1200 ...................................................... 16 Mississippi Period, A.D. 1200–1700 ...................................................... 17 Historic Setting ............................................................................................. 19 French Colonial Period, 1682–1763 ....................................................... 19 British West Florida, 1763–1783 ........................................................... 31 Spanish West Florida, 1783–1810 .......................................................... 36 Republic of West Florida, 1810–1812 ................................................... 44 Early American Period, 1812–1861 ....................................................... 45 Civil War, 1861–1865 ............................................................................ 47 Reconstruction and the Late Nineteenth Century, 1865–1900 .............................................................................................. 55 iv Twentieth Century and Beyond, 1900–DATE ....................................... 57 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS .............................................................................................. 64 CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS ......................................................................... 73 Standing Structures ....................................................................................... 73 Methodology .......................................................................................... 73 Fieldwork ................................................................................................ 74 St. Joseph Cathedral ......................................................................... 75 St. James Episcopal Church ............................................................. 80 Old Post Office (City Club) .............................................................. 81 Baton Rouge Savings and Loan Association (Holiday Inn Express) ...................................................................... 82 Magnolia Mound Plantation ............................................................. 83 Magnolia Mound Plantation Dependency ........................................ 84 The Hart House ...............................................................................
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