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Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Afrika’Nin Tropik Bölgelerinde Yetişen Ağaç Türleri Ve Genel Özellikleri

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Orman Fakültesi Dergisi Afrika’Nin Tropik Bölgelerinde Yetişen Ağaç Türleri Ve Genel Özellikleri SERÎ U CÎLT 37 SAYI 1 » 8 7 İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ AFRİKA’NIN TROPİK BÖLGELERİNDE YETİŞEN AĞAÇ TÜRLERİ VE GENEL ÖZELLİKLERİ Pıof. Dr. Yılmaz BOZKURT 1 Yard. Doç. Dr. Nurgiin ERDİN Kısa Özet Afrika’da tropik orman bölgelerinde yetişen ve dünyadaki ticareti bakımından büyüle önemi bulunan ağaçların ticari ve botanik adları, yoğunluğu, rengi ve kullanış yerleri bir tablo lıalinde açıklanmıştır. GİRİŞ Dünyada doğal olarak yetişen ağaçlarm oluşturduğu orman formlarından, tro­ pik ve subtropik ormanlar ile kış ormanları Afrika kıtasında yer almaktadır. Tro­ pik ve subtropik ormanlarda 60 m ye kadar ulaşan her boyda çok çeşitli ağaç türü bulunmaktadır. Kış ormanları; tropik ülkelerin yazları kurak ve sıcak, kışları yağmurlu iklim bölgelerinde görülmekte, Afrika kıtasında ise 20° kuzey enlemi ile 20° güney en­ lemleri arasında kalan geniş bir bölgede yayılış göstermektedir. Bu orman for­ munda bulunan ağaçlarm boyları tropik yağmur ormanı formunda bulunan ağaç­ lardan daha kısadır. Afrika kıtasında yetişen çok çeşitli ağaç türleri gerek renk ve tekstür gerekse değişik özgül ağırlıkları ve mekanik özellikleri nedeniyle dünya ticaretinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. 710 milyon ha ormaıı alanına sahip olan Afrika’da ağaç hammaddesi üretimi 1985 yılı itibariyle 159 milyon m3 tür. Dünya ağaç hammaddesi üretiminde oldukça önemli bir yeri olan Afrika, 1985 yılında dünyadaki üretim hacminin % 14.6'smı karşılamaktadır. Kesin bir rakkam verilememesine rağmen, ülkemize, bu bölgede yetişen ağaçlardan büyük miktarlarda ithal edildiği bir gerçektir. Ancak, kullanıcı tarafmdaıı, bu türlerin teknik özellikleri iyi bilinmediğinden, ortaya çıkabilecek de­ ğerlendirme hatalarını gidermek amacı ile hazırlanan bu makalede; ağaç türlerinin pilot adı, kısa işareti, botanik adı, familyası, diğer önemli ticari adları, yetişme yeri, ağaç malzeme rengi, yoğunluğu ve kullanış yerleri tablo halinde açıklanmış­ tır. Ağaç türlerinin pilot adları Dünya Gümrük Birliklerince kabul edilmiş adlar olup, düzenleme harf sırasına göre yapılmıştır. l İ.Ü. Orman Fak. Or. End. Müh. Böl. Orman Biyolojisi ve Odun Koruma Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı. Yayın Komisyonuna Sunulduğu Tarih : 16.11.1988 Gö YILMAZ BOZKURT — NURGÜN ERDİN 1. İĞNE YAPRAKLI AĞAÇLAR PİLOT ADİ VE BOTANİK ADI VE DİĞER TİCARİ YETİŞME KISA İŞARETİ FAMİLYASI ADLARI YERLERİ Cedar, East African Juniperus procera, Mutarakwa, Thed, Kenya, Tanzanya, (Afrika ardıcı) Hotch. African pencil cedar, Etopya (BAF) (Cupressaceae) Afrikanisch.es Bleistiftholz Mlanje Cedar AVİııddringtonia Mlanje - Cypress Güneydoğu Afrika, whytei Rendle Mozambik (Cupressaceae) Podo Podocarpus gracilior Zigba, Yellowwood, Kenya, Zimbabve, (POD) Pilp. Musengera, Podo­ Tanzanya, Zaire Podocarpus carpus usambarensis Pilg'. (Podocarpaceae) 2. YAPRAKLI AĞAÇLAR PİLOT ADI VE BOTANİK ADI VE DİĞER TİCARİ YETİŞME KISA İŞARETİ FAMİLYASI ADLARI YERLERİ Abura Hallea ciliata Leroy Mivuko, Elelon, Fildişi Sahili, Gabon, (A B U ) =itragyna ciliata Balıia, Subaha Kamerun, Nigeria, Aub. Uganda Hallea stipulosa Leroy — Mitragyna stipulo­ sa O. Kutze Hallea rubrostipulata Harv. (Rubiaceae) Aeajou d’Afrique, Khaya ivorensis A. Khaya mahagoni, Sierra Leone, (Maun) Chev. African mahogany Nijerya, Gabon, (MAA) = K . klainei Pierre Kamerun, Uganda (Meliaceae) Klıaya anthotheca, Ahafo, Mangona, Fildişi Sahili, C.DC. Munyama, Aeajou Angola, Kongo, (Meliaceae) blanc, Khaya ma- Kamerun, Uganda hagoni, Uganda mahogany Khaya grandifoliola Beııin mahogany, Gine, Kamerun, 1 C.DC. Heavy Afriean ma­ Uganda (Meliaceae) hogany, Senegal mahogany Aeajou Umbaua Khaya nyasica Mbawa, Mahogany, Mozambik, (Maun) Stapf. Umbaua Tanzanya, Zaire (Meliaceae) AFRİKA TROPİK AĞAÇ TÜRLERİ 61 YOĞUNLUĞU RENGİ KULLANIŞ YERLERİ gr/cm3 0.55 Özodun : Sarımsı kahverengi ile İç ve dış marangozluk, kalem en- kırmızımsı kahverengi düstrisi 0.60 Diriodun : Özodundan daha açık 0.55 Özodun : Açık kahverengi Dülgerlik, iç marangozluk, ince ma- 0.65 Diriodun : Beyazımsı renkte rangozluk, kalem endüstrisi 0.50 Beyaz ile sarı soluk kahverengi ' İç marangozluk, iç dekorasyon, ağaç 0.60 profiller YOĞUNLUĞU RENGİ KULLANIŞ YERLERİ gr/cm3 0.50 Özodun : Gri pemhe İç marangozluk, ağaç profiller, mo- 0.60 Diriodun : Özodundan az farklı bilya iç bölümleri, kontrplak 0.45 özodun : Açık havada koyulaşan İç ve dış marangozlu, ince maran­ 0.55 soluk pembe veya parlak gozluk, mobilya iç dekorasyon, kap­ kahverengi lama levha, kontrplak Diriodun : Pembe beyaz ile grimsi 0.50 Özodun : Açık havada koyulaşan İç ve dış marangozlu, ince maran­ 0.65 soluk pembe veya parlak gozluk, mobilya iç dekorasyon,: kap­ kahverengi lama levha, kontrplak . Diriodun : Pembe beyaz ile grimsi 0.50 Özodun : Açık havada koyulaşan Dış marangozluk, ince marangozluk, 0.65 soluk pembe veya parlak iç dekorasyon, mobilya, kaplama kahverengi levha, kontrplak Diriodun : Pembe beyaz ile grimsi 0.50 Özodun : Kahverengi mahun ren­ İç ve dış marangozluk, ince maran­ 0.65 gi gozluk, kontrplak, kaplama levha Diriodun : Özodundan daha açık 62 YILMAZ BOZKURT — NURGÜN ERDİN 2. YAPRAKLI AĞAÇLAR PİLOT ADI VE BOTANİK ADI VE DİĞER TİCARİ YETİŞME KISA İŞARETİ FAMİLYASI ADLARI YERLERİ Afina . Strombosia, pustulata Poe, İtako Fildişi 'Sahili, Gana, Oliv. Nigeria, Kongo — S. glaucescens Bölgesi Engl. (Olacaceae) Afrormosia Perleopsis elata Van Assamela, Kokrodua, Fildişi Sahili, Gana, (APR) Mee. Obang, Olea Pardo Kamerun = Afrormosia elata Harms (Fabaceae) Aıele Canarlum Abe, Abeul, Ovili, Batı, Orta ve Doğu (C A P ) schvveinfurthii Engl. Abel, Billi, Bldlkala, Afrika (Burseraceae) African canarium Ako Antiaris africana Sansama, Chenchen, Batı, Orta ve Doğu (AKO) Engl. Oro, Oro, Ogiovu, Afrika Antiai'is welwltschii Kirundu, Bonkonko, Engl. Antiaris (Moraceae) Akossika Scotellia coriacea Ki'uku, Korokon, Fildişi Sahili, Gana, A. Chat. Odoko Kamerun, Liberya, (Plaeourtiaceae) Nigeria Alep Desbordesia Omang, Benga Gabon, Kamerun, glaucescens V.T. Kongo, Zaire (İrvingiaceae) Alumbi Julbernardia seretii Ekop - Zingana, Kamerun, Zaire Troııpin Mubangu —Berlinia sereti D. Wild. ( Caesalpiniaceae) Andoung Monopetalanthus Andjung, Kamerun, Ekvator (AD O ) durandii P. Hal-Nor. Ekop - mayo, Zoelü, Ginesi Monopetalanthus Adoımg letestui Pellegr. Monopetalanthus coriaceus Morel Monopetalanthus heitzii Pellegr. Monopetalanthus hedinii Pellegr. ( Caesalpiniaceae) AFRİKA TROPlK AĞAÇ TÜRLERİ 63 YOĞUNLUĞU RENGİ KULLANIŞ YERLERİ gr/cm3 0.85 Özodun : Morumsu kahverengi, şe­ Dülgerlik, direk, köprü 0.95 ritli Diriodun : Sarımsı beyaz 0.70 Özodun : Sarımsı kahverengi ile îç ve dış marangozluk, ince maran­ 0.80 kahverengi gozluk, gemi yapımı, parke, kapla­ Diriodun : Özodundan daha açık ma levha 0.45 Özodun : Beyazımsı ile soluk bej İç marangozluk, ambalaj sandığı, 0.55 Diriodun : Özodundan biraz daha kontrplak açık 0.35 Sarımsı beyaz İç marangozluk, ambalaj sandığı, 0.55 kaplama levha, kontrplak 0.65 Sarımsı beyaz İç marangozluk, ağaç konstrüksiyon 0.80 1.00 Özodun : Açık kahverengi, koyu Su tahkimatı, travers 1.10 şei'itli Diriodun : Özodundan daha açık şe­ ritli 0.80 Özodun : Açık kahverengi, siya- İnce marangozluk, iç dekorasyon, 0.90 hımsı kahverengi şeritli kaplama levha Diriodun : Özodımdan daha açık 0.50 Özodun : Işıkta süratle kırmızıla- Dülgerlik, iç marangozluk, kontrplak 0.65 şan açık bej Diriodun : Özodundan daha açık 64 YILMAZ BOZKURT — NURGÜN ERDİN 2. YAPRAKLI AĞAÇLAR PİLOT ADI VE BOTANİK ADI VE DİĞER TİCARİ YETİŞM E KISA İŞARETİ FAMİLYASI ADLARI YERLERİ Angueuk Ongokea gore Engl. Sanu, Boleko Fildişi, Gabon, (Olacaceae) Kongo Aningre Aningeria robusta Kararo, Muna, Doğu Afrika, Fildişi (ANI) Aubr. Pellegr. Mukali, Landosan, Sahili, Nigeria (Sapotaceae) Osan, Tutu, Aningeria Apome Cynometra ananta Fildişi Sahili Hutch-Dalz. ( Caesalpiniaceae) Avodire Turraeanthus Apapaye, Lusamba Sierra Leone, Kongo (AV O ) afrieana Pellegr. Bölgesi, Angola (Meliaceae) Âwoııra Paraberlinia Ekop)-Beli, Zebrali Gabon, Kamerun bifoliolata Pellegr. Julbernardia pelle- gi'iniana Troupin. ( Caesalpiniaceae) Azobe Lophira alata Banks- Kaku, Bongossi, Batı Afrika (AZO ) Gaem. Eba, Ekki (Ochnaceae) Banga - Wanga Amblygonocarpus Mutiria Mozambik (B W A ) andongensis Ex-Tor. t—A. obtusangulus (Mimosaceae) Bilinga Nauclea diderriclıii Aloma, Badi, Opepe Sierra Leone, (BİL) Merrill Kongo Bölgesi, Nauclea gllletii Uganda Merrill = Sarcocephalus Spp. (Rubiaceae) Bodioa Anopyxis klaineana Kpomuisi, Fildişi Sahili, Engl. Boben kusu Kamerun, Zaire = A ealaensis Sparaaue. (Rhizophoraceae) AFRİKA TROPİK AGAÇ TÜRLERİ 65 YOĞUNLUĞU RENGİ KULLANIŞ YERLERÎ gr/cm3 0.85 Özodun : Pembe beyaz veya sa­ Dülgerlik, direk, travers 0.95 rımsı Diriodun : Özodundan daha açık 0.50 Özodun : Beyazımtırak çok soluk Mobilya, kaplama levha 0.60 kahverengi ile pembe Diriodun : Özodundan daha açık 0.90 Özodun : Kırmızımsı kahverengi Yapı kerestesi, travers 1.00 Diriodun : Özodundan az farklı 0.50 Özodun : Beyaz krem İç marangozluk, iç dekorasyon, mo­ 0.60 Diriodun : Özodundan az farklı bilya kaplama levha 0.75 Özodun : Kahverengi ile sarrımsı İç dekorasyon, kaplama levha 0.85 beyaz şeritli Diriodun : özodundan daha açık 0.95 Özodun : Kahverengi, traheler Dülgerlik, merdiven, parke su tah­ 1.10 içinde beyaz depo mad­ kimatı, travers deleri belirgin Diriodun : Özodundan daha açık 0.90 özodun : Kırmızımsı kahverengi Dülgerlik, parke, travers 1.00 Diriodun : Grimsi beyaz 0.70 Özodun : Sarı oranj Kaplama levha, travers 0.90 Diriodun : Özodundan daha açık 0.80 özodun : Toprak rengimsi kahve- Travers 0.90 rengi Diriodun : özodundan az farklı 66 YILMAZ BOZKURT — NURGÜN ERDİN 2. YAPRAKLI AĞAÇLAR PİLOT ADI VE BOTANİK ADI VE DİĞER
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