DOCSLIB.ORG

Mammal and Flea Occurrence in Association with Black-Tailed Prairie Dog

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Mammal and Flea Occurrence in Association with Black-Tailed Prairie Dog MAMMAL AND FLEA OCCURRENCE IN ASSOCIATION WITH BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG (CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS) COLONIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERSPECIFIC PLAGUE TRANSMISSION By ROBERT JORIS BRINKERHOFF B.S. University of Illinois, Urbana/Champaign, 1998 M.S. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 2002 A thesis submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 2008 This thesis entitled: Mammal and Flea Occurrence in Association With Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) Colonies: Implications for Intraspecific Plague Transmission Written by Robert Joris Brinkerhoff Has been approved for the department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology _________________________________ Sharon Collinge (Committee Chair) _________________________________ Andrew Martin _________________________________ Jason Knouft _________________________________ David Armstrong _________________________________ Michelle Sauther Date _____________ The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and I find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline ii Brinkerhoff, Robert Joris (Ph.D. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology) Mammal and Flea Occurrence in Association With Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) Colonies: Implications for Intraspecific Plague Transmission Thesis directed by Associate Professor Sharon K. Collinge Sylvatic plague is an enigmatic disease affecting over 200 mammalian species worldwide, yet its dynamics and ecology are poorly understood. Transmitted by fleas, plague was introduced into North America in the 19th century and threatens humans and wildlife species, most notably, the black-tailed prairie dog. This thesis focuses on elucidating potential mechanisms of plague transmission among mammals in Colorado by examining the community of alternate disease hosts and vectors in which plague exists in four ways. First, I examined spatial and temporal patterns of plague emergence in mammalian species most likely to acquire infection. Second, I described and evaluated occurrence patterns of fleas on a variety of mammalian species associated with black-tailed prairie dog colonies. Third, I tested for interactions within and between flea species on black-tailed prairie dogs. Fourth, I analyzed the population genetic structure of fleas collected from nine prairie dog colonies with different histories of plague occurrence. I detected universally low levels of plague exposure in mammals associated with prairie dog colonies, suggesting that plague is uncommon between epizootic events. Patterns of flea species occurrence among mammalian species suggest that the small rodents hypothesized to be involved in plague dynamics may play only a small role in plague iii transmission, whereas predators of prairie dogs may be responsible for harboring and transporting plague-infected fleas among colonies. Flea species apparently do not compete for resources and the presence of one flea species on a host may facilitate colonization by other flea species. Finally, the population genetic structure of prairie dog fleas is reflective of plague history at a given site and lends insights into patterns of recolonization following plague events. Taken as a whole, these results provide a uniquely detailed assessment of patterns of host and vector occurrence in the context of plague and they challenge previously held beliefs about plague dynamics in wildlife communities. iv Dedication To my parents, for their support, encouragement, and for never suggesting that I reconsider my career in ecology in favor of more traditional occupational pursuits. Acknowledgments Countless individuals provided a variety of assistance with the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data presented in this dissertation. Among those who deserve recognition for their help are: Renee Culver, Bianca Breland, Jeff Mitton, Katie Driscoll, Jessica Metcalf, Rob Baker, Tom Ranker, Jennifer Winther, Mitch Eaton, Ken Keefover-Ring, Sylvia Iorio, Al Petkus, Valerie McKenzie, John Montenieri, Becky Eisen, Katarina Dittmar de la Cruz, Dave Wagner, Todd Felix, Mike Threlkeld, Kevin Markey, Susan Perkins, Toni Piaggio, Jane Zelikova, Lety Sanchez, Jia Hu, Mark Bradburn, Blake Schmidt, Yan Linhart, Jamie Voyles, Jenny Ramp-Neale, Kelly Ramirez, and Sarah Hellmuth, Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi, and Sarah Wise. Furthermore, I would like to acknowledge the administrative and support staff at the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado: Jill Skarstad, Melissa Keller, Linda Bowden, and Melanie Green. In particular, I need to give special thanks to the members of the multi-state plague research group representing Kansas State University, the Centers for Disease Control, and the University of Colorado. These individuals include: Jack Cully, Bala Thiagarajan, Tammi Johnson, Loren Sackett, Katherine McClure, Chris Ray, Ying Bai, Ken Gage, Dave Conlin, Ryan Jones, Amy Markeson, Sarah Wylie, Kimberly Kosmenko, and Ellen Bean. Each participant in this group participated in contributing invaluable feedback and discussion regarding the ideas and hypotheses vi presented in this paper. I am also indebted to the logistical support provided by Mark Brennan, Sheldon Frost, and Kevin of Boulder County Parks and Open Space. Most of all, however, I would like to thank my adviser, Sharon Collinge, and the other members of my graduate committee, Andy Martin, Jason Knouft, Dave Armstrong, and Michelle Sauther. Without their intellectual and moral support and encouragement, I would not have been able to complete this dissertation. My research was supported by funding from a variety of sources. I received small grants from the Colorado Chapter of the Wildlife Society, the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado (three awards), The Beverly Sears Fund at the University of Colorado (two awards), the Edna Bailey Sussman Environmental Internship Program, Boulder County Parks and Open Space, the American Society of Mammalogists, and the Boulder County Nature Association. In addition, I was supported for five semesters by research assistantships through grants awarded to Sharon Collinge from the NSF/NIH joint Program in Ecology of Infectious Diseases (DEB-0224328), and from the National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) STAR program of the US-EPA (R-82909101-0). I was also supported for three semesters by teaching assistantships from the department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and for one semester by the Rozella Smith Fellowship. vii Table of Contents ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………...……………iii DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS……………………………………………………...…vii LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………….x LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………...xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………1 Literature Cited……………………………………………………………….7 CHAPTER 2: PATTERNS OF PLAGUE EXPOSURE IN MAMMALIAN CARNIVORES……………………………………………………………..17 Introduction…………………………………………………………………18 Methods……………………………………………………….…………….22 Results………………………………………………………………………24 Discussion…………………………………………………………………..26 Literature Cited……………………………………………………………...30 CHAPTER 3: FLEA ASSEMBLAGES OF MAMMALS ASSOCIATED WITH BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG COLONIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERSPECIFIC PLAGUE TRANSMISSION……………………..…….42 Introduction…………………………………………………………..……..43 Methods……………………………………………………………..………47 Results……………………………………………………………….……...52 Discussion…………………………………………………………………..56 viii Literature Cited…………………………………………………………….65 CHAPTER 4: POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE PRAIRIE DOG FLEA AND POTENTIAL PLAGUE VECTOR, OROPSYLLA HIRSUTA……....89 Introduction……………………………………………………….……….91 Methods…………………………………………………………….……...94 Results……………………………………………………………….……..98 Discussion…………………………………………………………….……99 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………….107 CHAPTER 5: OCCURRENCE PATTERNS OF TWO OROPSYLLA SPECIES ON BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG HOSTS………………………………124 Introduction………………………………………………………………..126 Methods………………………………………………………………..…..128 Results……………………………………………………………………..131 Discussion…………………………………………………………………133 Literature Cited………………………………………………...…………..141 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION……………………………………………………154 ix List of Tables Table 2.1: Proportions of each species of carnivores from each habitat type that tested positive for plague with sample sizes in parentheses……………….………39 Table 2.2: Individuals sampled in close spatial and temporal proximity to prairie dog die-offs or other confirmed plague occurrence…………………………..…..………40 Table 3.1: List of mammalian species sampled and flea species collected from each……………………………………………….………..…….….….……75 Table 3.2: List of flea species encountered in this study and host species from which each was collected……………………………..…………………..….….….76 Table 3.3: Samples size for each host species with number of fleas collected, total flea prevalence, mean abundance, and mean intensity……………….…..…77 Table 3.4: Matrix indicating Sorensen’s similarity index values for each pair of host species calculated from the raw incidence dataset……………..……….……78 Table 3.5: Matrix indicating Sorensen’s similarity index values for each pair of host species calculated from the raw incidence dataset…………….….…...….…79 Table 3.6: Matrix indicating Morisita-Horn similarity index values for each pair of host species calculated from natural-log transformed data……………..…....80
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fleas, Hosts and Habitat: What Can We Predict About the Spread of Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases?
    2010 Fleas, Hosts and Habitat: What can we predict about the spread of vector-borne zoonotic diseases? Ph.D. Dissertation Megan M. Friggens School of Forestry I I I \, l " FLEAS, HOSTS AND HABITAT: WHAT CAN WE PREDICT ABOUT THE SPREAD OF VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOTIC DISEASES? by Megan M. Friggens A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Forest Science Northern Arizona University May 2010 ?Jii@~-~-u-_- Robert R. Parmenter, Ph. D. ~",l(*~ l.~ Paulette L. Ford, Ph. D. --=z:r-J'l1jU~ David M. Wagner, Ph. D. ABSTRACT FLEAS, HOSTS AND HABITAT: WHAT CAN WE PREDICT ABOUT THE SPREAD OF VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOTIC DISEASES? MEGAN M. FRIGGENS Vector-borne diseases of humans and wildlife are experiencing resurgence across the globe. I examine the dynamics of flea borne diseases through a comparative analysis of flea literature and analyses of field data collected from three sites in New Mexico: The Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, the Sandia Mountains and the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP). My objectives were to use these analyses to better predict and manage for the spread of diseases such as plague (Yersinia pestis). To assess the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on flea communities, I compiled and analyzed data from 63 published empirical studies. Anthropogenic disturbance is associated with conditions conducive to increased transmission of flea-borne diseases. Most measures of flea infestation increased with increasing disturbance or peaked at intermediate levels of disturbance. Future trends of habitat and climate change will probably favor the spread of flea-borne disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Ability of Oropsylla Montana and Xenopsylla Cheopis Fleas to Transmit Yersinia Pestis by Two Different Mechanisms
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Comparative Ability of Oropsylla montana and Xenopsylla cheopis Fleas to Transmit Yersinia pestis by Two Different Mechanisms B. Joseph Hinnebusch*, David M. Bland, Christopher F. Bosio, Clayton O. Jarrett Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract a1111111111 a1111111111 Background Transmission of Yersinia pestis by flea bite can occur by two mechanisms. After taking a blood meal from a bacteremic mammal, fleas have the potential to transmit the very next OPEN ACCESS time they feed. This early-phase transmission resembles mechanical transmission in some Citation: Hinnebusch BJ, Bland DM, Bosio CF, respects, but the mechanism is unknown. Thereafter, transmission occurs after Yersinia Jarrett CO (2017) Comparative Ability of Oropsylla pestis forms a biofilm in the proventricular valve in the flea foregut. The biofilm can impede montana and Xenopsylla cheopis Fleas to Transmit and sometimes completely block the ingestion of blood, resulting in regurgitative transmis- Yersinia pestis by Two Different Mechanisms. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11(1): e0005276. doi:10.1371/ sion of bacteria into the bite site. In this study, we compared the relative efficiency of the two journal.pntd.0005276 modes of transmission for Xenopsylla cheopis, a flea known to become completely blocked Editor: Christian Johnson, Fondation Raoul at a high rate, and Oropsylla montana, a flea that has been considered to rarely develop pro- Follereau, FRANCE ventricular blockage. Received: June 22, 2016 Methodology/Principal findings Accepted: December 21, 2016 Fleas that took an infectious blood meal containing Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Fleas and Flea-Borne Diseases
    International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14 (2010) e667–e676 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid Review Fleas and flea-borne diseases Idir Bitam a, Katharina Dittmar b, Philippe Parola a, Michael F. Whiting c, Didier Raoult a,* a Unite´ de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Faculte´ de Me´decine, Universite´ de la Me´diterrane´e, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France b Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA c Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA ARTICLE INFO SUMMARY Article history: Flea-borne infections are emerging or re-emerging throughout the world, and their incidence is on the Received 3 February 2009 rise. Furthermore, their distribution and that of their vectors is shifting and expanding. This publication Received in revised form 2 June 2009 reviews general flea biology and the distribution of the flea-borne diseases of public health importance Accepted 4 November 2009 throughout the world, their principal flea vectors, and the extent of their public health burden. Such an Corresponding Editor: William Cameron, overall review is necessary to understand the importance of this group of infections and the resources Ottawa, Canada that must be allocated to their control by public health authorities to ensure their timely diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: ß 2010 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Flea Siphonaptera Plague Yersinia pestis Rickettsia Bartonella Introduction to 16 families and 238 genera have been described, but only a minority is synanthropic, that is they live in close association with The past decades have seen a dramatic change in the geographic humans (Table 1).4,5 and host ranges of many vector-borne pathogens, and their diseases.
    [Show full text]
  • DOMESTIC RATS, FLEAS and NATIVE RODENTS
    DOMESTIC RATS, FLEAS and NATIVE RODENTS In Relation To Plague In The United States By Entomologist Carl 0. Mohr INTRODUCTION and finally to the lungs causing pneumonic plague. ubonic plague is a rodent and rodent - Pneumonic plague is extremely fatal and flea disease caused by the plague bacil­ highly infectious when sputum droplets pass Blus Pasturella pest is which is transmitted direct from person to person. The death from animal to animal and thence to man by rate due to it is practically 100 percent. fleas. It is highly fatal. At least half Plague is dreaded particularly where of the human cases result in death without living conditions are such as to bring modern medication. (Table I — last two human beings into close contact with large columns). Because of their close associa* oriental-rat-flea populations, and where tion with man, domestic rats* and their crowded conditions permit rapid pneumonic fleas, especially the oriental rat flea transmission from man to man. Xenopsylla cheopis, are responsible for most human epidemics. Only occasional cases ANCIENT AMERICAN DISEASE OR RECENT are caused by bites of other fleas or by INTRODUCTION direct infection from handling rodents. Infection due to bites of fleas or due to Two widely different views exist con­ direct contact commonly results in swollen cerning the arrival of plague in North lymph glands, called buboes, hence the name America. The prevalent view is that it was bubonic plague. Infection may progress to introduced from the Orient into North the blood stream causing septicemic plague, America at San Francisco through ship- * Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus.
    [Show full text]
  • The Antibacterial Immune Response to Escherichia Coli in the Flea Xenopsylla Cheopis
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2002 The antibacterial immune response to Escherichia coli in the flea Xenopsylla cheopis James David Driver The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Driver, James David, "The antibacterial immune response to Escherichia coli in the flea enopsyllaX cheopis" (2002). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 9385. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/9385 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • FURY 10 EW Active Substance: Zeta-Cypermethrin 100 G/L COUNTRY
    Part A Product name Registration Report –Central Zone National Assessment - FURY 10 EW Page 1 of 27 Federal Republic of Germany 024222-00/01 REGISTRATION REPORT Part A Risk Management Product name: FURY 10 EW Active Substance: zeta-cypermethrin 100 g/L COUNTRY: Germany Central Zone Zonal Rapporteur Member State: Germany NATIONAL ASSESSMENT Applicant: Cheminova Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Submission Date: 02/01/2014 Date: 17/08/2018 Applicant (Cheminova Deutschland GmbH) Evaluator BVL / DE Date: 17/09/ 2018 Part A Product name Registration Report –Central Zone National Assessment - FURY 10 EW Page 2 of 27 Federal Republic of Germany 024222-00/01 Table of Contents PART A – Risk Management 4 1 Details of the application 4 1.1 Application background 4 1.2 Annex I inclusion 4 1.3 Regulatory approach 5 2 Details of the authorisation 6 2.1 Product identity 6 2.2 Classification and labelling 6 2.3.2.2 Specific restrictions linked to the intended uses 9 2.3 Product uses 10 3 Risk management 12 3.1 Reasoned statement of the overall conclusions taken in accordance with the Uniform Principles 12 3.1.1 Physical and chemical properties (Part B, Section 1, Points 2 and 4) 12 3.1.2 Methods of analysis (Part B, Section 2, Point 5) 12 3.1.2.1 Analytical method for the formulation (Part B, Section 2, Point 5.2) 12 3.1.2.2 Analytical methods for residues (Part B, Section 2, Points 5.3 – 5.8) 12 3.1.3 Mammalian Toxicology (Part B, Section 3, Point 7) 12 The PPP is already registered in Germany according to Regulation (EU) No 1107/2009.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Bibliography of Archaeoentomology
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Distance Master of Science in Entomology Projects Entomology, Department of 4-2020 An Annotated Bibliography of Archaeoentomology Diana Gallagher Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entodistmasters Part of the Entomology Commons This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Distance Master of Science in Entomology Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Diana Gallagher Master’s Project for the M.S. in Entomology An Annotated Bibliography of Archaeoentomology April 2020 Introduction For my Master’s Degree Project, I have undertaken to compile an annotated bibliography of a selection of the current literature on archaeoentomology. While not exhaustive by any means, it is designed to cover the main topics of interest to entomologists and archaeologists working in this odd, dark corner at the intersection of these two disciplines. I have found many obscure works but some publications are not available without a trip to the Royal Society’s library in London or the expenditure of far more funds than I can justify. Still, the goal is to provide in one place, a list, as comprehensive as possible, of the scholarly literature available to a researcher in this area. The main categories are broad but cover the most important subareas of the discipline. Full books are far out-numbered by book chapters and journal articles, although Harry Kenward, well represented here, will be publishing a book in June of 2020 on archaeoentomology.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological and Molecular Characterization of JEZS 2016; 4(4): 713-717 © 2016 JEZS Ctenocephalides Spp Isolated from Dogs in North of Received: 06-05-2016
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(4): 713-717 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Morphological and molecular characterization of JEZS 2016; 4(4): 713-717 © 2016 JEZS Ctenocephalides spp isolated from dogs in north of Received: 06-05-2016 Accepted: 07-06-2016 Iran Amrollah Azarm Department of Medical Amrollah Azarm, Abdolhossin Dalimi, Mahdi Mohebali, Anita Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mohammadiha and Zabihollah Zarei Tarbit Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Abstract The main aim of the present study was to assess the infestation level of Ctenocephalides spp on domestic Abdolhossin Dalimi dogs in Meshkinshahr County, located in Ardabil province (north of Iran). A total of 20 domestic dogs Department of Medical were randomly selected for this study. After flea combing, results revealed that 100% of the dogs were Parasitology and Entomology, infested with fleas. A total number of 942 fleas were collected. Two species were identified, of which Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbit Modares University, Ctenocephalides canis the most abundant (98.73%) was followed by C. felis (1.27%). The dog flea, C. Tehran, Iran. canis was the most common flea infesting 100% dogs and C. felis was identified on 7/20 (35%).The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences of C. canis and C. felis collected from dogs to clarify the Mahdi Mohebali taxonomic status of these species. The results of PCR assay and sequence analysis did not show clear Department of Medical molecular differences between C. canis and C. felis. Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran Keywords: Flea, Ctenocephalides canis, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulex Irritans COL Dirk M
    close encounters with the environment What’s Eating You? Pulex irritans COL Dirk M. Elston, MC, USA Identifying Features nae, the head has only a single pair of All fleas are characterized by laterally setae (hairs). It has no pleural rod, a compressed bodies and large hind legs. feature that differentiates it from Pulex irritans (Figure 1) lacks the cteni- Xenopsylla cheopis (oriental rat flea). dia (combs) that lend the appearance Fleas show little host specificity. of a mustache (genal comb) and mane Although known as the human flea, of “hair” (pronotal comb) to dog and P irritans is a common flea on dogs and cat fleas. It has a rounded frons (fore- cats. It is also found on wild animals head), which allows differentiation with no human contact.1 It can serve from the anteriorly flattened head of as the intermediate host of the dog the sticktight flea. Behind the anten- tapeworm (Dipylidium caninum). P ir- ritans may serve as a vector for The opinions expressed are those of the author bubonic plague2,3 and erysipeloid. It and should not be construed as official or as may have played a major role in the representing those of the Army Medical Department, the United States Air Force, or the spread of plague during Europe’s great Department of Defense. epidemics. From Wilford Hall Air Force Medical Center, San P irritans is implicated in the spread Antonio, Texas. of diseases historically associated with REPRINT REQUESTS to the 59th Medical Wing, X cheopis. Like X cheopis, P irritans in- Dermatology Service/MMID, 2200 Bergquist Drive, Suite 1, Lackland Air Force Base, TX fests rodents that harbor plague bacil- 4 78236-5300; or e-mail to [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Hastings Slide Collection3
    HASTINGS NATURAL HISTORY RESERVATION SLIDE COLLECTION 1 ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES SUBSPECIES AUTHOR DATE # SLIDES COMMENTS/CORRECTIONS Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Diamanus montanus Baker 1895 221 currently Oropsylla (Diamanus) montana Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Diamanus spp. 1 currently Oropsylla (Diamanus) spp. Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Foxella ignota acuta Stewart 1940 402 syn. of F. ignota franciscana (Roths.) Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Foxella ignota (Baker) 1895 2 Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Foxella spp. 15 Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Malaraeus spp. 1 Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Malaraeus telchinum Rothschild 1905 491 M. telchinus Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Monopsyllus fornacis Jordan 1937 57 currently Eumolpianus fornacis Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Monopsyllus wagneri (Baker) 1904 131 currently Aetheca wagneri Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Monopsyllus wagneri ophidius Jordan 1929 2 syn. of Aetheca wagneri Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Opisodasys nesiotus Augustson 1941 2 Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Orchopeas sexdentatus (Baker) 1904 134 Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Orchopeas sexdentatus nevadensis (Jordan) 1929 15 syn. of Orchopeas agilis (Baker) Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Orchopeas spp. 8 Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Orchopeas latens (Jordan) 1925 2 Siphonaptera Ceratophyllidae Orchopeas leucopus (Baker) 1904 2 Siphonaptera Ctenophthalmidae Anomiopsyllus falsicalifornicus C. Fox 1919 3 Siphonaptera Ctenophthalmidae Anomiopsyllus congruens Stewart 1940 96 incl. 38 Paratypes; syn. of A. falsicalifornicus Siphonaptera
    [Show full text]
  • The Forgotten Exotic Tapeworms: a Review of Uncommon Zoonotic Cyclophyllidea Cambridge.Org/Par
    Parasitology The forgotten exotic tapeworms: a review of uncommon zoonotic Cyclophyllidea cambridge.org/par Sarah G. H. Sapp1 and Richard S. Bradbury1,2 1Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Review 2 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, Georgia, USA and School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Cite this article: Sapp SGH, Bradbury RS 100 Clyde Rd, Berwick, Victoria, AUS 3806, Australia (2020). The forgotten exotic tapeworms: a review of uncommon zoonotic Cyclophyllidea. Abstract Parasitology 147, 533–558. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S003118202000013X As training in helminthology has declined in the medical microbiology curriculum, many rare species of zoonotic cestodes have fallen into obscurity. Even among specialist practitioners, Received: 16 December 2019 knowledge of human intestinal cestode infections is often limited to three genera, Taenia, Revised: 16 January 2020 Hymenolepis and Dibothriocephalus. However, five genera of uncommonly encountered zoo- Accepted: 17 January 2020 First published online: 29 January 2020 notic Cyclophyllidea (Bertiella, Dipylidium, Raillietina, Inermicapsifer and Mesocestoides)may also cause patent intestinal infections in humans worldwide. Due to the limited availability of Key words: summarized and taxonomically accurate data, such cases may present a diagnostic dilemma to Bertiella; Cestodes; Cyclophyllidea; Dipylidium; clinicians and laboratories alike. In this review, historical literature on these cestodes is synthe- Inermicapsifer; Mesocestoides; Raillietina; Zoonoses sized and knowledge gaps are highlighted. Clinically relevant taxonomy, nomenclature, life cycles, morphology of human-infecting species are discussed and clarified, along with the Author for correspondence: clinical presentation, diagnostic features and molecular advances, where available. Due to Sarah G. H.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Structure and Gene Flow of the Flea Xenopsylla Cheopis in Madagascar and Mayotte Mireille Harimalala1*†, Sandra Telfer2†, Hélène Delatte3, Phillip C
    Harimalala et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:347 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2290-6 RESEARCH Open Access Genetic structure and gene flow of the flea Xenopsylla cheopis in Madagascar and Mayotte Mireille Harimalala1*†, Sandra Telfer2†, Hélène Delatte3, Phillip C. Watts4, Adélaïde Miarinjara1, Tojo Rindra Ramihangihajason1, Soanandrasana Rahelinirina5, Minoarisoa Rajerison5 and Sébastien Boyer1 Abstract Background: The flea Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) is a vector of plague. Despite this insect’s medical importance, especially in Madagascar where plague is endemic, little is known about the organization of its natural populations. We undertook population genetic analyses (i) to determine the spatial genetic structure of X. cheopis in Madagascar and (ii) to determine the potential risk of plague introduction in the neighboring island of Mayotte. Results: We genotyped 205 fleas from 12 sites using nine microsatellite markers. Madagascan populations of X. cheopis differed, with the mean number of alleles per locus per population ranging from 1.78 to 4.44 and with moderate to high levels of genetic differentiation between populations. Three distinct genetic clusters were identified, with different geographical distributions but with some apparent gene flow between both islands and within Malagasy regions. The approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) used to test the predominant direction of flea dispersal implied a recent population introduction from Mayotte to Madagascar, which was estimated to have occurred between 1993 and 2012. The impact of this flea introduction in terms of plague transmission in Madagascar is unclear, but the low level of flea exchange between the two islands seems to keep Mayotte free of plague for now. Conclusion: This study highlights the occurrence of genetic structure among populations of the flea vector of plague, X.
    [Show full text]