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Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M

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Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South This book provides a new conceptual framework for understanding how the Indian nations of the early American South emerged from the ruins of a precolonial, Mississippian world. A broad regional synthesis that ranges over much of the Eastern Woodlands, its focus is on the Indians of the Carolina Piedmont – the Catawbas and their neighbors – from 1400 to 1725. Using an “eventful” approach to social change, Robin Beck argues that the collapse of the Mississippian world was fundamentally a transformation of political economy, from one built on maize to one of guns, slaves, and hides. The story takes us from first encounters through the rise of the Indian slave trade and the scourge of disease to the wars that shook the American South in the early 1700s. Yet the book’s focus remains on the Catawbas, drawing on their experiences in a violent, unstable landscape to develop a comparative perspective on structural continuity and change. Robin Beck is Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Assistant Curator of North American Archaeology, Museum of Anthropology, at the University of Michigan. He is editor of The Durable House: House Society Models in Archaeology (2007). His articles have appeared in the journals Current Anthropology, American Antiquity, Ethnohis- tory, Latin American Antiquity, Southeastern Archaeology,andNative South. Beck has conducted archaeological fieldwork in much of the eastern United States, as well as in Bolivia, Peru, and western China. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South ROBIN BECK University of Michigan FOREWORD BY CHARLES M. HUDSON Franklin Professor of Anthropology and History Emeritus, University of Georgia © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, ny 10013-2473, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107022133 C Robin Beck 2013 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2013 Printed in the United States of America A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Beck, Robin, 1969– Chiefdoms, collapse, and coalescence in the early American south / Robin Beck. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-1-107-02213-3 (hardback) 1. Mississippian culture – South Carolina – Piedmont. 2. Chiefdoms – South Carolina – Piedmont. 3. Catawba Indians – South Carolina – Piedmont – Kings and rulers. 4. Catawba Indians – South Carolina – Piedmont – Politics and government. 5. Catawba Indians – South Carolina – Piedmont – Social conditions. I. Title. e99.m6815b435 2013 975.72501–dc23 2012039750 isbn 978-1-107-02213-3 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party Internet Web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such Web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information Contents List of Maps page vii List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Foreword by Charles M. Hudson xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction: Becoming Catawba 1 part one: chiefdoms 1 The Desert of Ocute 23 2 The Quartermaster’s List 59 part two: collapse 3 The Stranger Indians 99 4 The Waxhaws’ Burden 137 part three: coalescence 5 The Color of War 181 6 The Deerskin Map 223 Epilogue: The People of the River 261 References Cited 267 Index 293 v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information List of Maps 1 Native towns and phases in the Carolina Piedmont, A.D. 1350–1400 page 37 2 Native towns and phases in the Carolina Piedmont, A.D. 1450–1500 41 3 Large Burke phase settlements in the vicinity of the Berry site 55 4 Hernando De Soto’s route across the Carolina Piedmont, 1540 63 5 Route of Juan Pardo’s first expedition, 1566–1567 71 6 Hernando Moyano’s forays in the Appalachian Mountains, 1567 77 7 Towns visited by Juan Pardo’s second expedition, 1567–1568 79 8 The Iroquois country, circa 1624 105 9 Henry Woodward’s inland voyages, 1670 and 1674 115 10 John Lederer’s route through the Carolinas, 1670 121 11 Joara and its movements across the Piedmont, circa 1540–1711 129 12 Route of James Needham and Gabriel Arthur, 1674 133 13 John Lawson’s path across the Carolinas, 1701 163 14 The shattering of the Piedmont chiefdoms, circa 1656–1680 169 15 John Barnwell’s march against the Tuscaroras, 1711 199 16 James Moore’s march against the Tuscaroras, 1713 203 17 South Carolina’s frontier on the eve of the Yamasee War, circa 1715 205 vii © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information viii List of Maps 18 Major engagements of the Yamasee War, 1715–1716 207 19 Cherokee and Creek towns and polities, circa 1720 239 20 The Catawba Deerskin Map, 1721 245 21 The political landscape of the Catawba Deerskin Map 248 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information List of Figures 1 Lamar-style, complicated-stamped jar rims from the Berry site page 39 2 Lamar-style, incised cazuela bowl from the Berry site 40 3 Erosion profile of Mound A at the Mulberry site, circa 1952 45 4 Town Creek Mound, circa 1939 47 5 Excavating a burned building at the Berry site, 2008 73 6 Spanish olive jar fragments from the Berry site 74 7 Wrought-iron nail from the Berry site 75 8 T. F. Nelson Mound, circa 1880s 86 9 Iron artifacts and Citico gorget from the T. F. Nelson Triangle 87 10 Powhatan seated on a platform in his longhouse. Detail from John Smith’s map of Virginia, 1608 101 11 “A Map of the Whole Territory Traversed by John Lederer in his Three Marches,” 1672 120 12 “Mort et Convoi du serpent Pique.”´ Funeral procession of Tattooed Serpent, with the sacrifice of retainers 125 13 Title page of John Lawson’s “A New Voyage to Carolina,” 1709 162 14 Artist’s reconstruction of the Fredricks site, circa 1700 173 15 European trade goods from the Fredricks site 175 16 Detail from Christoph von Graffenried’s plan of New Bern and its vicinity, circa 1711 187 17 Trial of Lawson and Graffenried, drawn by Graffenried, circa 1712 193 18 Dutch view of the Yamasee War, engraved by Peter Schenk, circa 1715 209 ix © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information x List of Figures 19 Portrait attributed to Michael Dahl, circa 1710, believed to be of Francis Nicholson 224 20 “Map describing the scituation of the Several Nations of Indians to the N.W. of South Carolina,” circa 1721 (Catawba Deerskin Map) 225 21 Detail from “Carolina, upper Florida, and Louisianna [after] Barnveldt,” circa 1724 226 22 “A New Mapp of his Majesty’s Flourishing Province of South Carolina” by John Herbert, 1725; copy produced by George Hunter, 1744 227 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M. Hudson Frontmatter More information List of Tables 1 Bandera’s record of Indian leaders who met with Juan Pardo at Piedmont towns during the second expedition, 1567–1568 page 80 2 List of Indian warriors under John Barnwell’s command in the first Tuscarora campaign, 1711 200 xi © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02213-3 - Chiefdoms, Collapse, and Coalescence in the Early American South Robin Beck Foreword by Charles M.
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