Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Dyspepsia/Indigestion

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Dyspepsia/Indigestion Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Dyspepsia/Indigestion Chemical Activity Count (+)-ALLOMATRINE 1 (+)-ALPHA-VINIFERIN 1 (+)-BORNYL-ISOVALERATE 1 (+)-CATECHIN 3 (+)-EUDESMA-4(14),7(11)-DIENE-3-ONE 1 (+)-GALLOCATECHIN 2 (+)-HERNANDEZINE 1 (+)-ISOCORYDINE 1 (+)-PSEUDOEPHEDRINE 1 (+)-SYRINGARESINOL 1 (+)-SYRINGARESINOL-DI-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE 1 (-)-16,17-DIHYDROXY-16BETA-KAURAN-19-OIC 1 (-)-ALPHA-BISABOLOL 5 (-)-ANABASINE 1 (-)-APOGLAZIOVINE 1 (-)-ARGEMONINE 1 (-)-BETONICINE 1 (-)-BISPARTHENOLIDINE 1 (-)-BORNYL-CAFFEATE 2 (-)-BORNYL-FERULATE 2 (-)-BORNYL-P-COUMARATE 2 (-)-DICENTRINE 2 (-)-EPICATECHIN 2 (-)-EPICATECHIN-3-O-GALLATE 1 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN 1 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-O-GALLATE 1 (-)-EPIGALLOCATECHIN-GALLATE 2 Chemical Activity Count (-)-HYDROXYJASMONIC-ACID 1 (1'S)-1'-ACETOXYCHAVICOL-ACETATE 3 (2R)-(12Z,15Z)-2-HYDROXY-4-OXOHENEICOSA-12,15-DIEN-1-YL-ACETATE 1 (7R,10R)-CAROTA-1,4-DIENALDEHYDE 1 (E)-4-(3',4'-DIMETHOXYPHENYL)-BUT-3-EN-OL 1 1'-ACETOXY-EUGENOL-ACETATE 1 1'-ACETOXYCHAVICOL-ACETATE 1 1,2,11,13,2,3'-HEXAHYDROVERNODALIN 1 1,2,6-TRI-O-GALLOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE 1 1,7-BIS(3,4-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)HEPTA-4E,6E-DIEN-3-ONE 1 1,7-BIS-(4-HYDROXYPHENYL)-1,4,6-HEPTATRIEN-3-ONE 1 1,8-CINEOLE 7 1-METHYL-2-[(Z)-7-TRIDECENYL]-4-(1H)-QUINOLONE 1 1-METHYL-2-[(Z)-8-TRIDECENYL]-4-(1H)-QUINOLONE 1 1-O-(2,3,4-TRIHYDROXY-3-METHYL)-BUTYL-6-O-FERULOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE 1 10-ACETOXY-8-HYDROXY-9-ISOBUTYLOXY-6-METHOXYTHYMOL 1 10-DEHYDROGINGERDIONE 1 10-GINGERDIONE 1 11(S),13-DIHYDRO-8-DEOXYLACTUCIN 1 11(S),13-DIHYDROLACTUCIN 1 11(S),13-DIHYDROLACTUCOPICRIN 1 11-HYDROXY-DELTA-8-THC 1 11-HYDROXY-DELTA-9-THC 1 12,118-BINARINGIN 1 12-ACETYLDEHYDROLUCICULINE 1 13',II8-BIAPIGENIN 2 13-OXYINGENOL-ESTER 1 2 Chemical Activity Count 16,17-DIHYDROXY-16BETA-KAURAN-19-OIC 1 16-HYDROXYINGENOL-ESTER 1 2',4'-DIHYDROXYCHALCONE 1 2'-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 2'-O-GLYCOSYLVITEXIN 1 2,3,7-TRIHYDROXY-5-(3,4-DIHYDROXY-E-STYRYL)-6,7,8,9-TETRAHYDRO-5H- 1 BENZOCYCLOHEPTENE 2-(3',4-DIPHENYL)-ETHANOL 1 2-ALPHA-HYDROXYURSOLIC-ACID 1 2-BETA,3BETA-27-TRIHYDROXYOLEAN-12-ENE-23,28-DICARBOXYLIC-ACID 1 2-BETA-HYDROXYURSOLIC-ACID 1 2-CAFFEOYL-OXY-3-{2-(4-HYDROXYBENZYL)-4,5-DIHYDROXY}PHENYLPROPIONIC-ACID 1 2-METHYLBUT-3-ENE-2-OL 2 20-DEOXYINGENOL-ESTER 1 22BETA-ESCIN 1 24-METHYLENE-CYCLOARTANOL 2 3',4',5,7-TETRAHYDROXYFLAVONE 1 3,3'-DIMETHYLELLAGIC-ACID 1 3,4,5-TRI-O-CAFFEOYLQUINIC-ACID 1 3,4-DICAFFEOYL-QUINIC-ACID 1 3,4-DIHYDROXYBENZOATE 1 3,4-HYDROXYCINNAMIC-ACID 1 3,4-METHYLENE-DIOXYCINNAMIC-ACID-BORNYL-ESTER 1 3,4-SECOTRITERPENE-ACID-20-EPI-KOETJAPIC-ACID 1 3,5,8,3',4'-PENTAHYDROXYFLAVONE 1 3,5-DI-O-CAFFEOYLQUINIC-ACID 1 3,5-DICAFFEOYL-QUINIC-ACID 1 3,7,8,2',5'-PENTAHYDROXYFLAVONE 1 3 Chemical Activity Count 3-ACETYLACONITINE 3 3-BETA-23,28-TRIHYDROXY-12-OLEANENE-23-CAFFEATE 1 3-BETA-23,28-TRIHYDROXY-12-OLEANENE-3-BETA-CAFFEATE 1 3-BETA-ACETOXY-20,25-EPOXYDAMMARANE-24-OL 1 3-BETA-HYDROXY-2,3-DIHYDROWITHANOLIDE-F 1 3-BETA-TRANS-(3,4-DIHYDROXYCINNAMOYLOXY)-20(29)-LUPEN-28-OIC-ACID 1 3-BETA-TRANS-(3,4-DIHYDROXYCINNAMOYLOXY)-OLEAN-12-EN-28-OIC-ACID 1 3-BETA-TRANS-(3,4-DIHYDROXYCINNAMOYLOXY)-OLEAN-18-EN-28-OIC-ACID 1 3-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 2 3-N-BUTYL-PHTHALIDE 2 3-O-ACETYLOLEANOLIC-ACID 1 3-O-CAFFEOYLQUINIC-ACID 1 3-OXO-11-ALPHA-HYDROXYOLEAN-12-ENE-30-OIC-ACID 1 3-OXO-11-ALPHA-METHOXYOLEAN-12-ENE-30-OIC-ACID 1 3-OXO-OLEAN-9(11),12-DIENE-30-OIC-ACID 1 4'-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 4,15-DIHYDROVERNODALIN 1 4,5-DI-O-CAFFEOYLQUINIC-ACID 1 4-ACETYLARABINOSYL-ELLAGIC-ACID 1 4-ACETYLXYLOSYL-ELLAGIC-ACID 1 4-ALLYL-PYROCATECHOL 1 4-AMINO-4-CARBOXYCHROMAN-2-ONE 1 4-ARABINOSYL-ELLAGIC-ACID 1 4-HYDROXY-TRITRIACONTANE-16,18-DIONE 1 4-HYDROXYDERRICIN 1 4-KETOPINORESINOL 1 4-O-CAFFEOYLQUINIC-ACID 1 4 Chemical Activity Count 4-TERPINEOL 1 4-VINYL-GUAIACOL 1 5,6-DEHYDROKAWAIN 2 5,7-DIHYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 5,7-DIHYDROXYCOUMARIN-7-METHYL-ETHER 1 5,7-DIMETHOXYFLAVONE 1 5,8-DIHYDROXYBENZOPYRANONE 1 5-BETA-HYDROXYECDYSTERONE 1 5-DEOXYINGENOL-ESTER 1 5-HYDROXY-8-O-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-BENZOPYRANONE 1 5-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE 1 5-O-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL-3-1-(4-PHENYL)-DECANE 1 5-O-CAFFEOYLQUINIC-ACID 1 6'-O-ACETYL-DAIDZIN 1 6'-O-ACETYL-GENISTIN 1 6,7,4'-TRIHYDROXYISOFLAVAN 1 6,7,4'-TRIHYDROXYISOFLAVANONE 1 6,7,4'-TRIHYDROXYISOFLAVONE 1 6,7-DI-4'-METHOXYISOFLAVAN 1 6,7-DI-4'-METHOXYISOFLAVANONE 1 6,7-DI-4'-METHOXYISOFLAVONE 1 6,7-DIHYDROXY-4'-METHOXYISOFLAVAN 1 6,7-DIHYDROXY-4'-METHOXYISOFLAVANONE 1 6,7-DIHYDROXY-4'-METHOXYISOFLAVONE 1 6,7-DIHYDROXYCOUMARIN 1 6,7-DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN 1 5 Chemical Activity Count 6,7-DIMETHYLAESCULETIN 2 6,7-DIMETHYLESCULETIN 2 6-DEHYDROGINGERDIONE 1 6-DEOXYJACAREUBIN 2 6-GINGERDIOL 1 6-GINGERDIONE 1 6-GINGEROL 5 6-GINGESULFONIC-ACID 1 6-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 6-HYDROXY-FLAVONE-GLUCOSIDE 1 6-O-(2''-ACETYL-3'',4''-O-DI-P-METHOXYCINNAMOYL-ALPHA-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 1 6-O-(4''-ACETYL-2'',3''-O-DI-P-METHOXYCINNAMOYL-ALPHA-L-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 1 6-SHOGAOL 5 7,8-DIHYDROXYFLAVONE 2 7-HYDROXY-FLAVONE 1 7-HYDROXY-FLAVONE-GLUCOSIDE 1 7-METHOXYCOUMARIN 1 7-N-BUTOXY-3,2',5'-TRIHYDROXYFLAVONE 1 7-[3-(3,4-DIHYDROXY-4-HYDROXYMETHYL-TETRAHYDRO-FURAN-2-YLOXY)-4,5-DIHYDROXY-6- 1 HYDROXYMETHYL-TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-2-YLOXY]...
Recommended publications
  • Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases List of Chemicals for Lyme Disease (Chronic)
    Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Yangonin Blocks Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α–Induced Nuclear Factor-Κb–Dependent Transcription by Inhibiting the Transactivation Potential of the Rela/P65 Subunit
    J Pharmacol Sci 118, 447 – 454 (2012) Journal of Pharmacological Sciences © The Japanese Pharmacological Society Full Paper Yangonin Blocks Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Induced Nuclear Factor-κB–Dependent Transcription by Inhibiting the Transactivation Potential of the RelA/p65 Subunit Juan Ma1,†, He Liang1,†, Hong Ri Jin2, Nguyen Tien Dat3, Shan Yu Zhang1, Ying Zi Jiang1, Ji Xing Nan1, Donghao Li1, Xue Wu1, Jung Joon Lee1,2,*a, and Xuejun Jin1,*b 1Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Ministry of Education, Yanji Jilin 133002, China 2Center for Molecular Cancer Research, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea 3Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam Received November 13, 2011; Accepted January 23, 2012 Abstract. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors control many physiological pro- cesses including inflammation, immunity, and apoptosis. In our search for NF-κB inhibitors from natural resources, we identified yangonin from Piper methysticum as an inhibitor of NF-κB activa- tion. In the present study, we demonstrate that yangonin potently inhibits NF-κB activation through suppression of the transcriptional activity of the RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB. This compound sig- nificantly inhibited the induced expression of the NF-κB-reporter gene. However, this compound did not interfere with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) degrada- tion, p65 nuclear translocation, and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. Further analysis revealed that yangonin inhibited not only the induced NF-κB activation by overexpression of RelA/p65, but also transactivation activity of RelA/p65.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Structures of Lignans and Neolignans Isolated from Lauraceae
    Review Chemical Structures of Lignans and Neolignans Isolated from Lauraceae Ya Li 1,*, Shuhan Xie 2, Jinchuan Ying 1, Wenjun Wei 1 and Kun Gao 1,* 1 State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] (J.Y.); [email protected] (W.W.) 2 Lanzhou University High School, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] * Correspondences: [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (K.G.); Tel.: +86-931-8912500 (Y.L.) Academic Editor: David Barker Received: 09 November 2018; Accepted: 29 November 2018; Published: 30 November 2018 Abstract: Lauraceae is a good source of lignans and neolignans, which are the most chemotaxonomic characteristics of many species of the family. This review describes 270 naturally occurring lignans and neolignans isolated from Lauraceae. Keywords: lignans; neolignans; Lauraceae; chemical components; chemical structures 1. Introduction Lignans are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, and show diverse pharmacological properties and a great number of structural possibilities. The Lauraceae family, especially the genera of Machilus, Ocotea, and Nectandra, is a rich source of lignans and neolignans, and neolignans represent potential chemotaxonomic significance in the study of the Lauraceae. Lignans and neolignans are dimers of phenylpropane, and conventionally classified into three classes: lignans, neolignans, and oxyneolignans, based on the character of the C–C bond and oxygen bridge joining the two typical phenyl propane units that make up their general structures [1]. Usually, lignans show dimeric structures formed by a β,β’-linkage (8,8’-linkage) between two phenylpropanes units. Meanwhile, the two phenylpropanes units are connected through a carbon–carbon bond, except for the 8,8’-linkage, which gives rise to neolignans.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Chemical Constituents from Zanthoxylum Setulosum (Rutaceae)
    Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas ISSN: 0717-7917 [email protected] Universidad de Santiago de Chile Chile MORA, Soledad; CASTRO, Víctor; POVEDA, Luis; CHAVARRÍA, Max; MURILLO, Renato Chemical constituents from Zanthoxylum setulosum (Rutaceae) Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas, vol. 10, núm. 2, marzo, 2011, pp. 155-158 Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=85617384009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative © 2011 The Authors © 2011 Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 10 (2): 155 - 158 BLACPMA ISSN 0717 7917 Artículo Original | Original Article Chemical constituents from Zanthoxylum setulosum (Rutaceae) [Costituyentes químicos de Zanthoxylum setulosum (Rutaceae)] Soledad MORA1, Víctor CASTRO1, Luis POVEDA2, Max CHAVARRÍA1 & Renato MURILLO1 1Escuela de Química and CIPRONA, Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica. 2Escuela de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra y el Mar, Universidad Nacional, 3000, Costa Rica. Contactos | Contacts: Max CHAVARRIA E-mail address [email protected] Abstract Following our phytochemical studies of Costa Rican plants, in this work we report the isolation and identification of eight compounds from aerial parts of Zanthoxylum setulosum (Rutaceae). They were identified as the alkaloid skimmianine, the lignans savinin, kusunokinin, sesamin, syringaresinol and the isopentenyl ether of pluviatol, the amide aurantiamide acetate, and the triterpen lupeol.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbal Insomnia Medications That Target Gabaergic Systems: a Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence
    Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] Current Neuropharmacology, 2014, 12, 000-000 1 Herbal Insomnia Medications that Target GABAergic Systems: A Review of the Psychopharmacological Evidence Yuan Shia, Jing-Wen Donga, Jiang-He Zhaob, Li-Na Tanga and Jian-Jun Zhanga,* aState Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China; bDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Marine, Shandong University, Weihai, P.R. China Abstract: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder which is prevalent in women and the elderly. Current insomnia drugs mainly target the -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, melatonin receptor, histamine receptor, orexin, and serotonin receptor. GABAA receptor modulators are ordinarily used to manage insomnia, but they are known to affect sleep maintenance, including residual effects, tolerance, and dependence. In an effort to discover new drugs that relieve insomnia symptoms while avoiding side effects, numerous studies focusing on the neurotransmitter GABA and herbal medicines have been conducted. Traditional herbal medicines, such as Piper methysticum and the seed of Zizyphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa, have been widely reported to improve sleep and other mental disorders. These herbal medicines have been applied for many years in folk medicine, and extracts of these medicines have been used to study their pharmacological actions and mechanisms. Although effective and relatively safe, natural plant products have some side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and skin reactions effects of Piper methysticum. In addition, there are insufficient evidences to certify the safety of most traditional herbal medicine. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding a variety of natural plant products that are commonly used to treat insomnia to facilitate future studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy and Lactation : an Evidence-Based
    00 Prelims 1410 10/25/05 2:13 PM Page i Herbal Medicines in Pregnancy and Lactation An Evidence-Based Approach Edward Mills DPh MSc (Oxon) Director, Division of Clinical Epidemiology Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine North York, Ontario, Canada Jean-Jacques Duguoa MSc (cand.) ND Naturopathic Doctor Toronto Western Hospital Assistant Professor Division of Clinical Epidemiology Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine North York, Ontario, Canada Dan Perri BScPharm MD MSc Clinical Pharmacology Fellow University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada Gideon Koren MD FACMT FRCP Director of Motherisk Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics and Pharmacology University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada With a contribution from Paul Richard Saunders PhD ND DHANP 00 Prelims 1410 10/25/05 2:13 PM Page ii © 2006 Taylor & Francis Medical, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group First published in the United Kingdom in 2006 by Taylor & Francis Medical, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Tel.: ϩ44 (0)20 7017 6000 Fax.: ϩ44 (0)20 7017 6699 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.tandf.co.uk/medicine All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP.
    [Show full text]
  • Sephadex® LH-20, Isolation, and Purification of Flavonoids from Plant
    molecules Review Sephadex® LH-20, Isolation, and Purification of Flavonoids from Plant Species: A Comprehensive Review Javad Mottaghipisheh 1,* and Marcello Iriti 2,* 1 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary 2 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (M.I.); Tel.: +36-60702756066 (J.M.); +39-0250316766 (M.I.) Academic Editor: Francesco Cacciola Received: 20 August 2020; Accepted: 8 September 2020; Published: 10 September 2020 Abstract: Flavonoids are considered one of the most diverse phenolic compounds possessing several valuable health benefits. The present study aimed at gathering all correlated reports, in which Sephadex® LH-20 (SLH) has been utilized as the final step to isolate or purify of flavonoid derivatives among all plant families. Overall, 189 flavonoids have been documented, while the majority were identified from the Asteraceae, Moraceae, and Poaceae families. Application of SLH has led to isolate 79 flavonols, 63 flavones, and 18 flavanones. Homoisoflavanoids, and proanthocyanidins have only been isolated from the Asparagaceae and Lauraceae families, respectively, while the Asteraceae was the richest in flavones possessing 22 derivatives. Six flavones, four flavonols, three homoisoflavonoids, one flavanone, a flavanol, and an isoflavanol have been isolated as the new secondary metabolites. This technique has been able to isolate quercetin from 19 plant species, along with its 31 derivatives. Pure methanol and in combination with water, chloroform, and dichloromethane have generally been used as eluents. This comprehensive review provides significant information regarding to remarkably use of SLH in isolation and purification of flavonoids from all the plant families; thus, it might be considered an appreciable guideline for further phytochemical investigation of these compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Antiplatelet Effects of Flavonoids Mediated by Inhibition of Arachidonic Acid Based Pathway
    76 Original Papers Antiplatelet Effects of Flavonoids Mediated by Inhibition of Arachidonic Acid Based Pathway Authors Jana Karlíčková1, Michal Říha2,Tomáš Filipský2, Kateřina Macáková1, Radomír Hrdina2,Přemysl Mladěnka2 Affiliations 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic 2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic Key words Abstract able concentration. Contrarily, many flavonoids, l" aggregation ! particularly those possessing an isolated 7-hy- l" arachidonic acid Flavonoids, important components of human di- droxyl group and/or a 4′-hydroxyl group, acted l" cyclooxygenase et, have been claimed to possess a significant anti- as antagonists on thromboxane receptors. Inter- l" flavonoid platelet potential, in particular due to their effects estingly, the substitution of the free 7-hydroxyl l" platelet l" thromboxane on the arachidonic acid cascade. Due to variable group by glucose might not abolish the activity. and incomplete results, this study was aimed at In conclusion, the consumption of few flavonoids delivering a detailed analysis of the effects of 29 in a diet, particularly of the isoflavonoids geniste- structurally relevant, mainly natural flavonoids in and daidzein, may positively influence platelet on three consecutive steps of the arachidonic acid aggregation. cascade. Only the isoflavonoids genistein and daidzein were shown to possess a marked cyclooxygen- Abbreviations ase-1 inhibitory activity, which was higher than ! that of acetylsalicylic acid using the isolated ovine AA: arachidonic acid enzyme, and physiologically relevant, although ASA: acetylsalicylic acid lower than acetylsalicylic acid in human platelets.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioactivities of Phenolics by Focusing on Suppression of Chronic Diseases: a Review
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Bioactivities of Phenolics by Focusing on Suppression of Chronic Diseases: A Review Fereidoon Shahidi * ID and JuDong Yeo Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-709-864-8552 Received: 4 May 2018; Accepted: 23 May 2018; Published: 25 May 2018 Abstract: Phenolics, which are secondary metabolites of plants, exhibit remarkable bioactivities. In this contribution, we have focused on their protective effect against chronic diseases rather than their antioxidant activities, which have been widely discussed in the literature. A large body of epidemiological studies has proven the bioactivities of phenolics in both standard compounds and natural extracts: namely, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities as well as reducing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Phenolics also display anti-analgesic, anti-allergic, and anti-Alzheimer’s properties. Thus, this review provides crucial information for better understanding the bioactivities of phenolics in foods and fills a gap in the existing collective and overall knowledge in the field. Keywords: phenolics; bioactivity; phenolic acid; flavonoids; anticancer; anti-inflammatory activity; antibacterial activity 1. Introduction 1.1. Phenolics Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites of plants. So far, more than 8000 phenolics have been found from natural sources and are classified into phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, coumarins, lignins, and tannins. Phenolics play a crucial role in plants by controlling their growth as an internal physiological regulator [1]. For instance, kaempferol, apigenin, and quercetin interact with plasma membrane proteins (receptors), in which they restrict the transfer of polar auxin compounds via the membrane, thus affecting plant growth [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Research Article Simultaneous Extraction Optimization And
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN Biotechnology Volume 2013, Article ID 450948, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/450948 Research Article Simultaneous Extraction Optimization and Analysis of Flavonoids from the Flowers of Tabernaemontana heyneana by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Diode Array Detector and Electron Spray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry Thiyagarajan Sathishkumar,1 Ramakrishnan Baskar,1 Mohan Aravind,1 Suryanarayanan Tilak,1 Sri Deepthi,1 and Vellalore Maruthachalam Bharathikumar2 1 Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore 641049, India 2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5 Correspondence should be addressed to iyagarajan Sathishkumar; [email protected] Received 24 June 2012; Accepted 9 August 2012 Academic Editors: Y. H. Cheong, H. Kakeshita, W. A. Kues, and D. Pant Copyright © 2013 iyagarajan Sathishkumar et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Flavonoids are exploited as antioxidants, antimicrobial, antithrombogenic, antiviral, and antihypercholesterolemic agents. Normally, conventional extraction techniques like soxhlet or shake �ask methods provide low yield of �avonoids with structural loss, and thereby, these techniques may be considered as inefficient. In this regard, an attempt was made to optimize the �avonoid extraction using orthogonal design of experiment and subsequent structural elucidation by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electron spray ionization/mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS) techniques. e shake �ask method of �avonoid extraction was observed to provide a yield of (mg/g tissue). With the two different solvents, namely, ethanol and ethyl acetate, tried for the extraction optimization of �avonoid, ethanol (80.1 mg/g tissue) has been proved better than ethyl acetate (20.5 mg/g tissue).
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemicals
    Phytochemicals HO O OH CH OC(CH3)3 3 CH3 CH3 H H O NH O CH3 O O O O OH O CH3 CH3 OH CH3 N N O O O N N CH3 OH HO OH HO Alkaloids Steroids Terpenoids Phenylpropanoids Polyphenols Others Phytochemicals Phytochemical is a general term for natural botanical chemicals Asiatic Acid [A2475] is a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from found in, for example, fruits and vegetables. Phytochemicals are Centella asiatica which is a tropical medicinal plant. Asiatic Acid not necessary for human metabolism, in contrast to proteins, possess wide pharmacological activities. sugars and other essential nutrients, but it is believed that CH3 phytochemicals affect human health. Phytochemicals are CH3 components of herbs and crude drugs used since antiquity by humans, and significant research into phytochemicals continues today. H C CH H C OH HO 3 3 O Atropine [A0754], a tropane alkaloid, was first extracted from H CH3 the root of belladonna (Atropa belladonna) in 1830s. Atropine is a HO competitive antagonist of muscarine-like actions of acetylcholine CH3 H and is therefore classified as an antimuscarinic agent. OH [A2475] O NCH3 O C CHCH2OH Curcumin [C0434] [C2302], a dietary constituent of turmeric, has chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potentials against various types of cancers. OO CH3O OCH3 [A0754] HO OH Galantamine Hydrobromide [G0293] is a tertiary alkaloid [C0434] [C2302] found in the bulbs of Galanthus woronowi. Galantamine has shown potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. TCI provides many phytochemicals such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, polyphenols and etc. OH References O . HBr Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Important Flavonoids and Their Role As a Therapeutic Agent
    molecules Review Important Flavonoids and Their Role as a Therapeutic Agent Asad Ullah 1 , Sidra Munir 1 , Syed Lal Badshah 1,* , Noreen Khan 1, Lubna Ghani 2, Benjamin Gabriel Poulson 3 , Abdul-Hamid Emwas 4 and Mariusz Jaremko 3,* 1 Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; [email protected] (A.U.); [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (N.K.) 2 Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir 13230, Pakistan; [email protected] 3 Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 4 Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.L.B.); [email protected] (M.J.) Received: 20 September 2020; Accepted: 1 November 2020; Published: 11 November 2020 Abstract: Flavonoids are phytochemical compounds present in many plants, fruits, vegetables, and leaves, with potential applications in medicinal chemistry. Flavonoids possess a number of medicinal benefits, including anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. They also have neuroprotective and cardio-protective effects. These biological activities depend upon the type of flavonoid, its (possible) mode of action, and its bioavailability. These cost-effective medicinal components have significant biological activities, and their effectiveness has been proved for a variety of diseases. The most recent work is focused on their isolation, synthesis of their analogs, and their effects on human health using a variety of techniques and animal models.
    [Show full text]