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Wilderness Act and Howard Zahniser
WILDERNESS ACT AND HOWARD ZAHNISER In: The Fully Managed, Multiple-Use Forest Era, 1960-1970 Passage of the Wilderness Act of 1964 involved decades of work on the part of many people both inside the Forest Service and from a variety of interest groups. As early as the 1910’s and 1920’s, there were several important proponents of wilderness designation in the national forests. Three men are considered pivotal in these early years and all were Forest Service employees: Aldo Leopold, Arthur H. Carhart, and Robert Marshall. Their efforts were successful at the local level in creating administratively designated wilderness protection for several areas across the country. At the national policy level, there was a series of policy decisions (L-20 and U Regulations) in the 1920’s and 1930’s that made wilderness and primitive area designation relatively easy, but what was lacking was a common standard of management across the country for these areas. Also, since these wilderness and primitive areas were administratively designated, the next Chief or Regional Forester could “undesignate” any of the areas with the stroke of a pen. Howard C. Zahniser, executive secretary of the Wilderness Society (founded by Bob Marshall), became the leader in a movement for congressionally designated wilderness areas. In 1949, Zahniser detailed his proposal for Federal wilderness legislation in which Congress would establish a national wilderness system, identify appropriate areas, prohibit incompatible uses, list potential new areas, and authorize a commission to recommend changes to the program. Nothing much happened to the proposal, but it did raise the awareness for the need to protect wilderness and primitive areas from all forms of development. -
America's Wilderness Trail
Trail Protecti n The Pacific Crest Trail: America’s Wilderness Trail By Mike Dawson, PCTA Trail Operations Director To maintain and defend for the enjoyment of nature lovers the PACIFIC CREST TRAILWAY as a primitive wilderness pathway in an environment of solitude, free “from the sights and sounds of a mechanically disturbed Nature. – PCT System Conference mission, appearing in many publications and at the bottom of correspondence in the 1940s Many of us make the mistake of believing that the notion of set- The concepts of preserving wilderness” and building long-distance ting aside land in its natural condition with minimal influence trails were linked from those earliest days and were seen by leaders by man’s hand or of creating long-distance trails in natural set- of the time as facets of the same grand scheme. It seems clear that Mtings began with the environmental movement of the 1960s and one of the entities developed in those days has always been the set into the national consciousness with the passage of the 1964 epitome of the connection between those movements – the Pacific Wilderness Act and the 1968 National Trails System Act. Crest National Scenic Trail. But the development of these preservation concepts predates In recent articles in the PCT Communicator, writers have talked these landmark congressional acts by 40 years. A group of revolu- about the current association between the PCT and wilderness in tionary thinkers planted the seeds of these big ideas in the 1920s, this, the 50th anniversary of the Wilderness Act. Few are aware 1930s and 1940s. -
2020 USFWS Conservation History Journal
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Conservation History Women in Conservation Volume IV, No. 1 (2020) The mission of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is working with others to conserve, protect, and enhance fish, wildlife, plants, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. Stay connected with us: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service History National Conservation Training Center @USFWS History CONSERVATION HISTORY 2020 Contents From the Historian Lucille Stickel: Pioneer Woman in ii Mark Madison, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Historian and 37 Conservation Research Founder, Conservation History Matthew C. Perry, Heritage Committee Member, Retired, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Whose Stories Are We Missing? iii Maria E. Parisi, Conservation History Editor, Heritage The Legacy and Lessons of Celia Hunter and Partnerships Branch, National Conservation 41 Roger Kaye, Wilderness Coordinator, Alaska Region, Training Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Women’s History Is Women’s Right “Unremarkable,” Helen Fenske’s Unlikely Legacy 1 Catherine Woodward, Biologist, National Conservation 45 Marilyn Kitchell and Jonathan Rosenberg, Great Swamp Training Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Saving Birds over Tea, Sylvia Earle: A Hero for the Planet 5 Harriet Lawrence Hemenway and Minna B. Hall 49 Pete Leary, National Wildlife Refuge System, Paul Tritaik, Heritage Committee Member, South U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Atlantic-Gulf and Mississippi Basin Regions, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Mollie Beattie: The Service’s First Female Director 53 Dan Ashe, Association of Zoos and Aquariums Through the Opera Glass, Florence Merriam Bailey 9 Paul Tritaik, Heritage Committee Member, South Our Beliefs Matter: The Mamie Parker Journey Atlantic-Gulf and Mississippi Basin Regions, 57 Mamie Parker, Former Northeast Service Regional Director U.S. -
Conservationists and the Battles to Keep Dams out of Yellowstone: Hetch Hetchy Overturned
Conservationists and the Battles to Keep Dams Out of Yellowstone: Hetch Hetchy Overturned Michael J. Yochim Abstract Between 1919 and 1938 irrigation interests in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming repeatedly tried to construct reservoirs in Yellowstone National Park by damming several large park lakes and Bechler Meadows. Conservationists of the time joined forces with Horace Albright and Steven Mather of the National Park Service to oppose the dams. Ultimately successful in all their efforts, their key victory came in 1923 when they defeated an attempt to dam Yellowstone Lake. This victory reversed the loss of protected status for national parks that had occurred just ten years earlier at Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park. By chronicling the protracted conflict over dams in Yellowstone, I illustrate that the conservationists (including Mather and Albright) reestablished the funda- mental preservation policy of the national parks and empowered the newly cre- ated National Park Service to carry out its mission of park protection. This effort was the key battle in proving national parks and wilderness to be inviolate to industrial, exploitive uses. Conservationists both defined and tested the inviolate policy in Yellowstone; their battles in Dinosaur National Monument and the Grand Canyon cemented it into place. Introduction Far off, there lies a lovely lake Which rests in beauty, there to take Swift pictures of the changing sky, Ethereal blues, and clouds piled high. When black the sky, when fall the rains, When blow fierce winds, her face remains Still beautiful, but agitate, Nor mirrors back their troubled state. Within a park this treasure lies, — Such region ne’er did man devise — The hand of Mighty God, alone, Could form the Park of Yellowstone. -
INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced from the Microfilm Master
Alaska's First Wolf Controversy: Predator And Prey In Mount McKinley National Park, 1930-1953. Item Type Thesis Authors Rawson, Timothy Mark Download date 03/10/2021 22:14:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/8514 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margias, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. -
Wilderness, Recreation, and Motors in the Boundary Waters, 1945-1964
Sound Po lit ics SouWildernessn, RecdreatioPn, ano d Mlotoris itn theics Boundary Waters, 1945–1964 Mark Harvey During the midtwentieth century, wilderness Benton MacKaye, executive director Olaus Murie and his preservationists looked with growing concern at the wife Margaret, executive secretary and Living Wilderness boundary waters of northeast Minnesota and northwest editor Howard Zahniser, University of Wisconsin ecolo - Ontario. Led by the Friends of the Wilderness in Minne - gist Aldo Leopold, and Forest Service hydrologist Ber- sota and the Wilderness Society in the nation’s capital, nard Frank. 1 preservationists identified the boundary waters as a pre - MacKaye’s invitation to the council had identified the mier wilderness and sought to enhance protection of its boundary waters in richly symbolic terms: magnificent wild lands and waterways. Minnesota’s con - servation leaders, Ernest C. Oberholtzer and Sigurd F. Here is the place of places to emulate, in reverse, the Olson among them, played key roles in this effort along pioneering spirit of Joliet and Marquette. They came to with Senator Hubert H. Humphrey. Their work laid the quell the wilderness for the sake of civilization. We come foundation for the federal Wilderness Act of 1964, but it to restore the wilderness for the sake of civilization. also revived the protracted struggles about motorized re c - Here is the central strategic point from which to reation in the boundary waters, revealing a deep and per - relaunch our gentle campaign to put back the wilderness sistent fault line among Minnesota’s outdoor enthusiasts. on the map of North America. 2 The boundary waters had been at the center of numer - ous disputes since the 1920s but did not emerge into the Putting wilderness back on the continent’s map national spotlight of wilderness protection until World promised to be a daunting task, particularly when the War II ended. -
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: the First 50, a Historic Symposium
Edited by: Steve Chase and Mark Madison 2 Acknowledgments and Sponsors Arctic 50th Historical Special thanks to: Clayton McBride Symposium Planning Team Todd Harless Geoff Haskett, LaVerne Smith, Keith Mantheiy Jay Slack, Director, National and Todd Logan, U.S Fish and Thelma Flynn Conservation Training Center, Wildlife Service, Region 7, Mike Beth Ann Ring U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Boylan, Richard Voss, Larry Bell Laura Creamer Becky Edgar Steve Chase, Chief, Division of Marca Piehuta Education Outreach, National Georgia Jeppesen Conservation Training Center, Sponsors Dawn Lagrotteria U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Alicha Burlett Kerrick Reisbig Dr. Mark Madison, Service Historian, National Conservation Gail Testa National Conservation Training Training Center Andrew Weinberg Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service George Krull Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Ben German Jimmy Fox, Region 7, U.S. Tara Lowe Fish and Wildlife Service The Conservation Fund Cynthia Fraula-Hahn David Klinger Maureen Clark, Arctic 50th Voices of the South Shepherd University Department of Coordinator, Region 7, U.S. Contemporary Art and Theater Fish and Wildlife Service Patrick Wallace American Conservation Film Festival Sarah Gannon-Nagle, Strategic And for their efforts and support NCTC ARAMARK Staff Communications Manager, National of this symposium, thanks to: NCTC Raven Services Staff Conservation Training Center, NCTC Security Staff U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service All of our speakers Jay Slack Thelma Flynn, Event Planner, Jim Willis National Conservation Training Kelly Kennedy Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Rollie Jacobs Beth Stevens Dr. Jim Siegel, National Christine Eustis Conservation Training Center, Karin Christensen U.S. -
Ed Zahniser Talk on Wilderness
"There is [still] just one hope . ." Memory as Inspiration in Advocating Wilderness and Wildness By Ed Zahniser A Brown-bag Lunch Talk by Ed Zahniser to the Staff of the Wilderness Society 900 Seventeenth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 February 15, 2000 Time as an arrow has not been invented here yet. Time is not an arrow here. Time is not an arrow hurtling along an inevitable trajectory with the neo-Darwinian myth of social progress as its arrowhead. No. Time is like a spiral. And yes, the tradition you and I are so much a part of in this room has been here on Turtle Island since the beginning of time. See, the beginning of time is right down there - see it? It's not far down- right there! On the spiral. We'll be there shortly. Think of spiral time like this Slinky toy. Pass it around. Get a feel for spiral time. That funky gap in this slinky, where the spiral got sprung, well, maybe that's the atomic bomb, Hiroshima, Nagasaki. "We can't talk about atoms anymore because atom means indivisible and we have split it." [Jeanette Winterson] We can talk about wilderness and wildness, about perpetuity. You can hear the beginning of time in our stories we tell. Listen. The alphabet is not invented yet. Our words are still like things. Our words still point to real things in the world of sense and feelings. We still enjoy reciprocity with the sensuous world [David Abram, The Spell of the Sensuous]. Trust me. -
The Wilderness Act of 1964
The Wilderness Act of 1964 Expanding Settlement Growing Mechanization “Wilderness protection is paper thin, and the paper should be the best we can get — that Versus upon which Congress prints its Acts.” David Brower, 1956 “Let’s be done with a wilderness preservation program made up of a sequence of threats and defense campaigns! Let’s make a concerted effort for a positive program … where we can be at peace and not forever feel that the wilderness is a battleground.” Howard Zahniser 1951 “If future generations are to remember us with gratitude rather than contempt, we must leave them more than the miracles of technology. We must leave them with a glimpse of the world as it was in the beginning, not just after we got through with it”. Lyndon B. Johnson Wilderness Act of 1964 Statement of Policy “ …to assure that an increasing population, accompanied by expanding settlement and growing mechanization, does not occupy and modify all areas within the United States and its possessions, leaving no lands designated for preservation and protection in their natural condition…” Sec 2(a) Wilderness Act of 1964 Statement of Policy “…it is hereby declared to be the policy of the Congress to secure for the American people of present and future generations the benefits of an enduring resource of wilderness.” Sec 2(a) The Wilderness Act….. 1. Created a NWPS and established a process for adding new areas NATIONAL WILDERNESS PRESERVATION SYSTEM 1964 9.1 Mil Acres 54 Wilderness Areas 2014 109.8 Mil Acres 762 Wilderness Areas The Wilderness Act….. 2. -
A WILDERNESS-FOREVER FUTURE a Short History of the National Wilderness Preservation System
A WILDERNESS-FOREVER FUTURE A Short History of the National Wilderness Preservation System A PEW WILDERNESS CENTER RESEARCH REPORT A WILDERNESS-FOREVER FUTURE A Short History of the National Wilderness Preservation System DOUGLAS W. SCOTT Here is an American wilderness vision: the vision of “a wilderness- forever future.” This is not my phrase, it is Howard Zahniser’s. And it is not my vision, but the one that I inherited, and that you, too, have inherited, from the wilderness leaders who went before. A Wilderness-Forever Future. Think about that. It is It is a hazard in a movement such as ours that the core idea bound up in the Wilderness Act, which newer recruits, as we all once were, may know too holds out the promise of “an enduring resource of little about the wilderness work of earlier generations. wilderness.” It is the idea of saving wilderness forever Knowing something of the history of wilderness —in perpetuity. preservation—nationally and in your own state— is important for effective wilderness advocacy. In Perpetuity. Think of the boldness of that ambition! As Zahniser said: “The wilderness that has come to us The history of our wilderness movement and the char- from the eternity of the past we have the boldness to acter and methods of those who pioneered the work project into the eternity of the future.”1 we continue today offer powerful practical lessons. The ideas earlier leaders nurtured and the practical tools Today this goal may seem obvious and worthy, but and skills they developed are what have brought our the goal of preserving American wilderness in per- movement to its present state of achievement. -
Supplemental Testimony on HR 1349
Board of Directors December 13, 2017 Gary Macfarlane, ID President The Honorable Rob Bishop The Honorable Raúl Grijalva Franz Camenzind, WY Chairman Ranking Member Vice-President Committee on Natural Resources Committee on Natural Resources Marty Almquist, MT Washington, DC 20515 Washington, DC 20515 Secretary-Treasurer The Honorable Tom McClintock The Honorable Colleen Hanabusa Talasi Brooks, ID Chairman Ranking Member Louise Lasley, NM Committee on Natural Resources Committee on Natural Resources Cyndi Tuell, AZ Subcommittee on Federal Lands Subcommittee on Federal Lands Washington, DC 20515 Washington, DC 20515 René Voss, CA Re: Supplemental Testimony in Opposition to H.R. 1349 Senior Advisor Stewart M. Brandborg Dear Chairmen Bishop and McClintock, and Ranking Members Grijalva and Hanabusa: Executive Director George Nickas Wilderness Watch submits this supplemental testimony in strong opposition to H.R. 1349, the Mountain Bikes in Wilderness Bill. Advisory Council Wilderness Watch is a national wilderness conservation organization Magalen Bryant headquartered in Missoula, Montana. With some 150,000 members Dr. Derek Craighead and supporters around the nation, Wilderness Watch works to protect Dr. M. Rupert Cutler all of the Wildernesses found in the National Wilderness Preservation Dr. Roderick Nash System. Minneapolis, MN Office We have attached to this testimony the letter signed by 133 2833 43rd Avenue South conservation organizations around the county opposing H.R. 1349. Minneapolis, MN 55406 (P) 612.201.9266 We also protest the rushed tactics employed by the Federal Lands Subcommittee in its hearing on Dec. 7th. Only one witness was allowed to testify (the mountain biking splinter group promoting the bill). No Moscow, ID Office opponents were allowed to testify, none of the 133 organizations that P.O. -
Guide to the Microfilm Edition of the Papers of Ernest Oberholtzer
GUIDE TO THE MICROFILM EDITION of the PAPERS OF ERNEST OBERHOLTZER Gregory Kinney _~ Minnesota Historical Society '!&1l1 Division of Library and Archives 1989 Copyright © by Minnesota Historical Society The Oberholtzer Papers were microfilmed and this guide printed with funds provided by grants from the Ernest C. Oberholtzer Foundation and the Quetico-Superior Foundation. -.-- -- - --- ~?' ~:':'-;::::~. Ernest Oberholtzer in his Mallard Island house on Rainy Lake in the late 1930s. Photo by Virginia Roberts French. Courtesy Minnesota Historical Society. Map of Arrowhead Region L.a"(.e~se\"C ~ I o A' .---.....; ., ; , \~ -'\ ~ • ~ fI"" i Whitefish---- Lake Fowl Lake ~/ ~ '""'-- F . O)"~"~'t\ ~~ , .tV "" , I -r-- ~Rlucr~ v'" '" Reprinted from Saving Quetico-Superior: A Land Set Apart, by R. Newell Searle, copyright@ 1977 by the Minnesota Historical Society, Used with permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE .•• INTRODUCTION. 1 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 2 ARRANGEMENT NOTE 5 SERIES DESCRIPTIONS: Biographical Information 8 Personal Correspondence and Related Papers 9 Short Stories, Essays, and Other Writings 14 Miscellaneous Notes. • • 19 Journals and Notebooks • 20 Flood Damage Lawsuit Files 34 Quetico-Superior Papers • 35 Wilderness Society Papers • 39 Andrews Family Papers •• 40 Personal and Family Memorabilia and Other Miscellany 43 ROLL CONTENTS LIST • 44 RELATED COLLECTIONS 48 PREFACE This micl'ofilm edition represents the culmination of twenty-five years of efforts to preserve the personal papers of Ernest Carl Oberholtzer, The acquisition, processing, conservation, and microfilming of the papers has been made possible through the dedicated work and generous support of the Ernest C, Oberholtzer Foundation and the members of its board. Additional grant support was received from the Quetico-Superior Foundation.