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Investigating Grip Range of Motion and Force Exerted by Individuals with and Without Hand Arthritis During Functional Tasks and While Swinging a Golf Club

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Investigating Grip Range of Motion and Force Exerted by Individuals with and Without Hand Arthritis During Functional Tasks and While Swinging a Golf Club Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 5-9-2019 10:00 AM Investigating Grip Range of Motion and Force Exerted by Individuals with and without Hand Arthritis during Functional Tasks and while Swinging a Golf Club Sara Frances Holland The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Lalone, Emily University of Western Ontario; Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre (HULC), St. Joseph's Healthcare Centre Co-Supervisor Ferreira, Louis University of Western Ontario; Roth McFarlane Hand and Upper Limb Centre (HULC), St. Joseph's Healthcare Centre Graduate Program in Mechanical and Materials Engineering A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of EngineeringFollow this and Science additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd © Sar Parat Fofrances the Biomechanical Holland 2019 Engineering Commons, and the Sports Studies Commons Recommended Citation Holland, Sara Frances, "Investigating Grip Range of Motion and Force Exerted by Individuals with and without Hand Arthritis during Functional Tasks and while Swinging a Golf Club" (2019). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 6214. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6214 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract Hand arthritis is the leading cause of disability in individuals over the age of 50; resulting in dysfunction and pain, making activities of daily living and recreational activities such as golf difficult. Few studies have been conducted on the biomechanical response of individuals with hand arthritis when performing functional activities. This research quantified hand grip movements and strength differences seen in individuals with hand arthritis. Using a video-based motion capture system (Dartfish), a grip limitation of 17.2% (maximum flexion), and 12.7% (maximum extension) was discovered. A wireless finger force measurement system (FingerTPS), was used to show that larger diameter, softer firmness golf grips assisted in reducing the grip force in individuals with and without hand arthritis during a golf swing. This research will benefit the sport biomechanics and clinical fields, providing quantitative results to develop more sophisticated joint protection devices and gain a better understanding of hand arthritis mechanics. Keywords Activities of daily living (ADL), Dartfish, FingerTPS, golf grips, hand arthritis, golf grip force. i Co-Authorship Statement Chapter 1: Sara Holland – wrote manuscript Emily Lalone – reviewed manuscript Chapter 2: Sara Holland – data collection, statistical analysis, wrote manuscript Emily Lalone – study design, statistical analysis, reviewed manuscript Joy MacDermid – statistical analysis review, reviewed manuscript Kathryn Sinden – assisted in the study design Louis Ferreira – reviewed manuscript Jim Dickey – reviewed manuscript Timothy Burkhart – assisted in the statistical analysis Ahmed Tanashi – assisted in data collection Lauren Straatman – assisted in data collection Chapter 3: Sara Holland – study design, data collection, statistical analysis, wrote manuscript Emily Lalone – study design, statistical analysis, reviewed manuscript Joy MacDermid – statistical analysis review, reviewed manuscript Timothy Burkhart – assisted in the statistical analysis Baraa Daher – assisted in the data analysis and collection Amelia Carver – assisted in the data analysis and collection Ahmed Tanashi – assisted in data collection Chapter 4: Sara Holland – wrote manuscript Emily Lalone – reviewed manuscript ii Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge and thank those who assisted me throughout this project. Firstly, a tremendous thanks to Dr. Jim Dickey for allowing me to use your Biomechanics Laboratory for my testing and for always finding time to assist me with various components of my project. I would also like to thank Dr. Joy MacDermid for funding the purchase of the FingerTPS sensor system. I am very grateful for your guidance on the statistical approaches needed for my study, and for your insight into the clinical side of the biomechanics field. A huge thanks to Paul Sheller and Stephen Mallinson of the Western Engineering Finance and Stores (EFS), for dealing with all of my warranty returns, travel issues, and for participating in my study. Thank you to my co-supervisor Dr. Louis Ferreira, for expanding my academic knowledge throughout my time at Western. I appreciate the time that you spent advising me on troubleshooting techniques and on the structure of my study protocol. To Marc Elliott and Marc Webster – you two were extremely helpful throughout this entire process, running trial tests, being there to bounce ideas off of, recruiting participants, and participating in my study yourselves. I also want to thank you for connecting me with Martin Neil, the Ping representative at Sunningdale Golf and Country Club, who supplied me with the golf clubs used in my project. Most importantly I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Emily Lalone. I cannot begin to express the gratitude and respect that I have for you, and the mentorship that you provided me over the course of this project. You gave me the opportunity to combine my passion for golf with my engineering background and I cannot thank you enough! Thank you to the members of the Human Biomechanics Laboratory: Ahmed, Madeline, Michael, Andrea, and Puneet. Special thanks to Ahmed Tanashi for helping me during testing, conducting study statistics, and for being such a great person to work alongside. Thank you to all the students who helped keep this project moving smoothly: Lauren, Sydney, Baraa, Amelia and Kevin. I would also like to thank all of my friends, specifically my best friend Michaela Khan of the Wolf Orthopedic Biomechanics Laboratory at Western, for keeping me sane and supporting me in so many ways throughout the last few years. Lastly, I’d like to thank my parents, Scott and Shirley Holland, who always support and encourage me to do my best and to never stop trying, even when things get tough or do not work out. I would not be the person I am today without you! iii Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Co-Authorship Statement.................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... x Symbols and Acronyms ................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1 – Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Anatomy .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Distal Upper Extremity ............................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Biomechanics of the Hand and Wrist ......................................................... 7 1.1.3 Grip Range of Motion ................................................................................. 8 1.1.4 Grip Strength ............................................................................................... 9 1.2 Hand Arthritis ....................................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 Hand Arthritis in Relation to Grip Strength and Range of Motion........... 11 1.2.2 Joint Protection Programs ......................................................................... 11 1.3 Joint Motion Analysis ........................................................................................... 13 1.4 Grip Force Measurement Systems ........................................................................ 14 1.5 Golf Background ................................................................................................... 16 1.5.1 Golf Terminology ..................................................................................... 16 1.5.2 Golf Biomechanics.................................................................................... 17 1.5.3 Golf Grips and Gloves .............................................................................. 18 1.5.4 Gripping Styles ......................................................................................... 19 iv 1.6 Study Rationale ..................................................................................................... 19 1.7 Objectives and Hypothesis .................................................................................... 20 1.8 Thesis Overview ..................................................................................................
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