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Anistia Internacional ANISTIA INTERNACIONAL A Anistia Internacional é um movimento global de mais de 7 milhões de pessoas que se mobilizam para criar um mundo em que os direitos humanos sejam desfrutados por todas as pessoas. Nossa visão é que cada pessoa tenha acesso aos direitos consagrados na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos e em outras normas internacionais de direitos humanos. A Anistia Internacional é independente de qualquer governo, ideologia política, interesse econômico ou religião. Acesse o nosso site para outras informações: anistia.org.br Publicado originalmente em Anistia Internacional Brasil Este relatório documenta o 2017 pela Amnesty International Praça São Salvador, 5 trabalho e as preocupações da Ltd Anistia Internacional no ano de Laranjeiras, CEP 22.231-170, Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton 2016. Street, Londres WC1X 0DW - Rio de Janeiro – RJ A ausência de uma seção sobre Reino Unido Email: [email protected] algum país ou território neste relatório não significa que nesse © Amnesty International 2017 anistia.org.br local não tenham ocorrido Índice: POL 10/4800/2017 A menos que indicado o violações de direitos humanos ISBN: 978-0-86210-496-2 contrário, o conteúdo deste que preocupem a Anistia documento é disponibilizado de Internacional. Tampouco a Idioma original inglês acordo com uma licença Creative extensão de uma determinada Tradução: Verve Traduções Commons (atribuição, não seção deve servir de comparação Grafitto Gráfica e Editora Ltda. comercial, sem derivação, para a dimensão e a gravidade internacional 4.0) https:// das preocupações da Anistia Rua Costa Lobo, 352 - Benfica, creativecommons.org/licenses/ Internacional com algum país. CEP 20911-180, Rio de Janeiro - by-nc-nd/4.0/ RJ legalcodeInternacional). Para outras informações, visite a página de permissões em nosso site: www.amnesty.org ii Anistia Internacional Informe 2016/17 ANISTIA INTERNACIONAL INFORME 2016/17 O ESTADO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS NO MUNDO iv Anistia Internacional Informe 2016/17 ÍNDICE INFORME ANUAL 2016/17 Abreviaturas 6 Itália 167 Prefácio 8 Jamaica 170 Introdução 10 México 171 Panorama regional: África 14 Mianmar 176 Panorama regional: Américas 23 Moçambique 180 Panorama regional: Ásia e Nicarágua 183 Oceania 32 Nigéria 184 Panorama regional: Europa e Ásia Palestina 189 Central 41 Paquistão 192 Panorama regional: Oriente Paraguai 197 Médio e Norte da África 50 Peru 199 Afeganistão 60 Quênia 201 África do Sul 64 Reino Unido 204 Alemanha 69 República Democrática do Angola 71 Congo 208 Arábia Saudita 74 Rússia 213 Argentina 78 Síria 218 Bolívia 81 Somália 223 Brasil 82 Sudão 226 Canadá 87 Sudão do Sul 230 Catar 89 Turquia 233 Chile 91 Ucrânia 239 China 93 Uruguai 243 Colômbia 99 Venezuela 244 Coreia do Norte 104 Cuba 106 Egito 108 El Salvador 113 Equador 115 Espanha 116 Estados Unidos da América 119 França 125 Grécia 127 Guatemala 131 Haiti 133 Honduras 134 Hungria 136 Iêmen 139 Índia 142 Indonésia 148 Irã 152 Iraque 157 Israel e Territórios Palestinos Ocupados 162 Anistia Internacional Informe 2016/17 v ABREVIATURAS ACNUR, o Órgão da ONU para Refugiados Convenção da ONU sobre Refugiados Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Convenção relativa ao Status dos Refugiados os Refugiados Convenção Europeia Dos Direitos Humanos ANSEA Convenção (Europeia) para a Proteção dos Associação de Nações do Sudeste Asiático Direitos Humanos e das Liberdades Fundamentais CEDAW Comitê da ONU para a Eliminação de Todas EUA as Formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher Estados Unidos da América CEDEAO LGBTI Comunidade Econômica dos Estados da Lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, transgêneros e África Ocidental intersexos CERD OEA Convenção Internacional para a Eliminação Organização dos Estados Americanos de Todas as Formas de Discriminação Racial OIT CIA Organização Internacional do Trabalho Agência Central de Informações dos EUA OMS CICV Organização Mundial da Saúde Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha ONG COMITÊ CERD Organização Não Governamental Comitê da ONU para a Eliminação da Discriminação Racial ONU Organização das Nações Unidas Comitê Europeu para a Prevenção da Tortura Comitê Europeu para a Prevenção da Tortura OSCE e das Penas ou Tratamentos Degradantes e Organização para a Segurança e a Desumanos Cooperação na Europa Convenção da ONU contra a Tortura OTAN Convenção da ONU contra a Tortura e outros Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte Tratamentos ou Penas Cruéis, Desumanos ou Degradantes PIDCP Pacto Internacional sobre (os) Direitos Civis e Convenção da ONU Sobre Desaparecimentos Políticos Forçados Convenção Internacional para a Proteção de PIDESC Todas as Pessoas contra os Pacto Internacional sobre Direitos Desaparecimentos Forçados Econômicos Sociais e Culturais vi Anistia Internacional Informe 2016/17 Relator Especial da ONU sobre a Liberdade de Expressão Relator especial da ONU sobre a promoção e a proteção do direito à liberdade de opinião e de expressão Relator Especial da ONU sobre Racismo Relator Especial da ONU para as formas contemporâneas de racismo, discriminação racial, xenofobia e intolerância Relator Especial da ONU sobre a Tortura Relator Especial da ONU sobre a Tortura e Outros Tratamentos ou Penas Cruéis, Desumanas ou Degradantes Relator Especial da ONU sobre a Violência Contra a Mulher Relator especial sobre a violência contra a mulher, suas causas e consequências RPU Mecanismo de Revisão Periódica Universal da ONU RU Reino Unido TPI Tribunal Penal Internacional UA União Africana UE União Europeia UNICEF Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância Anistia Internacional Informe 2016/17 vii PREFÁCIO O Informe 2016/17 da Anistia Internacional documenta a situação dos direitos humanos no mundo em 2016. O informe testemunha o sofrimento vivido por muitos, seja por conflito, deslocamento, discriminação ou repressão. O Informe também mostra que, em algumas áreas, tem havido progresso na proteção e garantia dos direitos humanos. Embora haja muito esforço para assegurar a precisão das informações, elas podem sofrer alterações sem aviso prévio. viii Anistia Internacional Informe 2016/17 ANISTIA INTERNACIONAL INFORME 2016/17 INTRODUÇÃO E PANORAMAS REGIONAIS sobre uma resposta adequada para a crise INTRODUÇÃO global de refugiados, que se tornou muito maior e urgente durante o ano. Enquanto os líderes do mundo fracassaram diante do “2016 viu a ideia de desafio, 75 mil refugiados permaneceram encurralados, numa terra de ninguém entre a dignidade e igualdade Síria e a Jordânia. 2016 também foi o Ano humanas, a própria noção da dos Direitos Humanos da União Africana. Ainda assim, três países membros da União humanidade como uma Africana anunciaram que estavam se família, sob um ataque retirando do Tribunal Penal Internacional, enfraquecendo, assim, o prospecto de vigoroso e implacável de responsabilização por crimes previstos no direito internacional. Enquanto isso, o narrativas poderosas de presidente do Sudão, Omar al-Bashir, culpa, medo e bodes percorreu o continente livre e impune, ao mesmo tempo em que seu governo expiatórios, propagadas por despejava armas químicas sobre a população aqueles que buscam tomar em Darfur. No cenário político, talvez o mais vistoso ou se manter no poder a de muitos acontecimentos desastrosos tenha sido a eleição de Donald Trump para a quase qualquer preço.” presidência dos EUA. Sua eleição veio depois de uma campanha em que ele, com SALIL SHETTY, SECRETÁRIO-GERAL frequência, fez comentários profundamente Para milhões de pessoas, 2016 foi um ano desagregadores, marcados pela misoginia e de miséria e medo implacáveis, já que xenofobia, e prometeu restringir liberdades governos e grupos armados abusaram dos civis e introduzir políticas que podem ser direitos humanos de incontáveis maneiras. bastante contrárias aos direitos humanos. Grande parte da cidade mais populosa da A retórica venenosa da campanha de Síria, Aleppo, foi transformada em pó por Donald Trump exemplifica uma tendência ataques aéreos e batalhas terrestres, global em direção a uma política mais raivosa enquanto ataques cruéis contra civis e fragmentada. Em todo o mundo, líderes e continuaram no Iêmen. Da piora na já difícil políticos apostaram seu poder futuro em situação das pessoas em Rohingya, em narrativas de medo e desunião, culpando o Mianmar, aos assassinatos ilegais no Burundi “outro” por queixas do eleitorado - reais ou e no Sudão do Sul, da terrível repressão das fabricadas. vozes dissidentes na Turquia e no Bahrein ao Seu antecessor, o Presidente Barack aumento dos discursos de ódio em grande Obama, deixou um legado que inclui muitos parte da Europa e dos EUA, em 2016 o fracassos dolorosos na questão dos direitos mundo se tornou um lugar mais sombrio e humanos, entre eles a ampliação da instável. campanha secreta da CIA de ataques com Ao mesmo tempo, a lacuna entre a drones e o desenvolvimento de uma máquina necessidade e a ação, entre a retórica e a de vigilância em massa gigantesca, como realidade foi deprimente e, por vezes, Edward Snowden denunciou. Ainda assim, aterradora. Em nenhuma ocasião essa os indicadores iniciais do presidente-eleito diferença esteve mais clara que durante a Trump sugerem uma política externa que vai Assembleia Geral da ONU para Migrantes e debilitar significativamente a cooperação Refugiados, quando os países participantes multilateral e nos levar a uma nova era de foram incapazes de chegar a um consenso maior instabilidade e suspeita mútua. 10 Anistia Internacional Informe 2016/17 É bem provável que qualquer narrativa melhoria econômica em troca da cessão de abrangente que tente explicar os eventos direitos
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