Half-Yearly Progress Report Annual Progress Report

Half-Yearly Progress Report November 2019 - May 2020 Sustainable ImprovementAnnual Progressof Rural Livelihoods Report and Restoration Of Coconut-based Livelihoods Through Specific November 2019 - October 2020 Sustainable ImprovementScience-based of Rural Interventions Livelihoods and Restoration Of Coconut-based Livelihoods Through Specific Science-based Interventions

Submitted to Odisha Livelihoods Mission Panchayati Raj and Drinking Water Department Government of Odisha

Sustainable Improvement of Rural Livelihoods and Restoration of Coconut-based Livelihoods Through Specific Science-based Interventions

Annual Progress Report

November 2019 - October 2020

Submitted to Odisha Livelihoods Mission Panchayati Raj and Drinking Water Department Government of Odisha

Table of Contents Executive summary ...... 1 Background ...... 2 Overview of Odisha Bhoochetana and Odisha Livelihoods Mission (OLM) ...... 3 Objectives ...... 3 Strategy ...... 4 Updates on project activities ...... 5 A. Selection and mapping of pilot sites ...... 5 c. Assessing soil nutrient status ...... 9 B. Socio-economic activities ...... 12 C. Rejuvenation of coconut-based livelihoods ...... 15 VII. Developing a convergence plan with MGNREGA in Puri and Khorda districts ...... 25 D. Piloting science led productivity enhancement in Koraput, Nabarangpur, Rayagada and Gajapati districts ...... 35  Master training on nursery management ...... 50  Technical advices by project staff ...... 51  Training on raising soil less seedlings ...... 51  Establishment of nursery structures and solar dryers ...... 52 G. ‘Plantix’ - A digital tool for plant protection ...... 60 H. Establishment of appropriate processing equipment (ready-to-cook dry mix processing line and bakery line) to enable localized processing of nutri-food products ...... 65 Annexures ...... 77

Executive summary

Odisha Livelihoods Mission partnered with an ICRISAT-led consortium comprising CGIAR institutions based in India for an impact-oriented scaling up project on research for development in the state of Odisha to support the improvement of rural livelihoods. The consortium started working towards establishing a proof of concept to translate strategic research knowledge into improved livelihoods by scaling up a participatory research for development (PR4D) model.

Recent incidence of COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown has put income and food security of millions of people in India at crossroads. There is a lull in human activity and income losses across all sectors. Though the Central and Odisha governments granted relaxation to continue some activity in the agriculture sector, spikes in COVID-19 incidence has compelled district administrations to re- impose restrictions of travel and other activities in certain areas.

As a consequence, the summer planning and implementation of project activities related to agriculture has gone awry this year. Given the paucity of time before onset of monsoon in Odisha, it was essential to quick start activities by utilizing available resources and support from local institutions and private partners. Therefore, ICRISAT had to take recourse to novel and alternate methods to continue field activities in a seamless manner by making use of farm mechanization and the best available IT technologies. In the process, ICRISAT has come out with a mobile based solution to reduce drudgery, facilitate transparency and monitoring, elimination of moral hazard, paperless and precise data entry with ease and speed. In this regard, software solutions viz., MPro, MSoil, Plantix and use of ICRISAT’s MEASURE platform were developed and deployed to hasten work of field teams.

The project team has tried to achieve planned targets by utilizing available resources and manpower along with active support of OLM officials. In Puri and Khorda districts, where target was to “Rejuvenate coconut-based livelihoods”, the efforts focused on coconut plantation (20,000 nos. completed by 31st October 2020) along with promoting vertical intensification by introducing multi- storied cropping and intercropping (total 34 HHs across 10 villages).

Across the four tribal districts, Koraput, Nabarangpur, Rayagada and Gajapati, about 1932 demonstrations in INM, IPM, best management practices, scientific vegetable cultivation, etc., were conducted. Over 15000 soil samples were collected from six districts and brought to ICRISAT for chemical analysis at ICRISAT’s soil testing laboratory. The team was involved in regular capacity building programs of field-based project functionaries on usage of the mobile app, scientific soil sampling methodology, conducting kharif demonstrations, low cost mechanization, etc. In view of nationwide lockdown, efforts were made to organize necessary trainings in online mode using open- source cloud-based training tools. Further, regular hands-on trainings have been organized by field teams in project villages. The crops have shown a good response to various technologies in field demonstrations and all relevant data is being uploaded on regular basis. The same is displayed through a web-based dashboard.

Background

Odisha is a predominantly an agrarian state; more than 83% of the population live in rural areas and depend primarily on agriculture for their livelihood. Odisha has a total cultivable land area of 6.18 million ha (65% rainfed and 35% irrigated – supporting a population of 50 million), of which 2.91 million ha (47%) is highland, 1.75 million ha (28%) midland and 1.51 million ha (25%) is lowland. The state receives average annual rainfall of 1482 mm over approximately 70 days (June to October), of which 80% occurs as short and intense storms in a span of three to five days during the rainy season. Even though the state is endowed with rich natural resources and biodiversity, it is plagued with problems of low crop productivity, high cost of cultivation, lack of remunerative prices leading to low per capita income, reduced employment opportunities and low purchasing power. Agriculture, which employs about 73% of the workforce, only contributes about 30% to the state’s GDP. Rice is the predominant crop cultivated across 3.96 million ha with productivity of 2400 kg/ha (Odisha Economic Survey 2017-18). Pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, coconut and turmeric are also grown to a lesser extent.

With regard to the tribal belt in Odisha, crops like finger millet, maize, sorghum, red kidney bean, paddy, groundnut, pearl millet and small millets grown using poor management practices, and more as subsistence crops, reinforce the nature of farming that leads to poor crop productivity and low incomes. Moreover, the quality of soil in general is rather poor with low moisture retention capacity. This is a natural drawback to the state’s economy as agriculture is its mainstay. As a result, much of its rural population is in the grip of unabated poverty which leads to migration of human resources, malnutrition, and degradation of the natural resource base. To increase agricultural productivity and accelerate agricultural growth, investments in the agriculture sector need to be stepped up substantially. Harnessing the large potential of agriculture in the state calls for a science-led initiative that can benefit millions of farmers with a sustainable increase in productivity, production and family incomes to support rural livelihoods. While sustainably optimizing the production potential of agricultural land through soil test-based nutrient management and inculcating scientific agricultural practices can lead to an increase in farm productivity, livelihood improvement demands greater emphasis on capacitating human resources through collective action among the local stakeholders, better resource utilization, enhancing the capacity of custom hiring centers, value chain improvement, diversification of income sources, addressing malnutrition and more. Recognizing the importance of agriculture in creating employment, generating income and ensuring self- sufficiency in food production, the share of agriculture in the total plan outlay needs to be enhanced – by laying greater emphasis on appropriate rural infrastructure services through technical backstopping. Similarly, the farming system needs to be complemented with enterprises such as horticulture, floriculture, seed production, composting, etc., by encouraging micro-financing through the formation of self-help groups. The massive impact of cyclone Fani on coconut-based livelihoods of people living in Puri and the three affected blocks of Khorda calls for specific restoration measures, which this project aims to contribute to through science-based technical backstopping.

Overview of Odisha Bhoochetana and Odisha Livelihoods Mission (OLM)

Recognizing the importance of enhancing agricultural production, in 2018-19, the Government of Odisha’s (GoO) Department of Agriculture (DoA) adopted science-led initiatives to bring about a turnaround in agricultural growth. Farmer-centric initiatives such as Bhoochetana, taken up by the state government, benefitted more than 50,000 farm households during 2018-20 rainy and post-rainy seasons. The impact of Bhoochetana during the last two years has clearly demonstrated the power of the science-led development approach in the state as thousands of farmers have benefitted from increased crop productivity – ranging from 12 to 36% in different districts with different crops.

The Odisha Livelihoods Mission (OLM) is a registered autonomous society working under the aegis of the Panchayati Raj Department of the Government of Odisha to enhance socio-economic conditions of the rural poor by promoting sustainable livelihoods. OLM focuses on the primary sector and works both in agriculture, non-agriculture and livestock sectors under the programme ‘Mission Samrudhi’. To enable smooth implementation of the programme, three Krushi Mitras (farmer friends) to support poor households in different agricultural and horticultural activities and two Prani Mitras (livestock friends) to support households in livestock interventions (poultry birds and small ruminants) through the Gram Panchayat Level Federation (GPLF) were engaged. Producer Groups have been formed for on-farm, off- farm, non-timber forest produce (NTFP) and non-farm activities including aggregation, collectivization, value addition and organized marketing. An Udyog Mitra handholds every group. The Odisha Livelihoods Mission partnered with an ICRISAT-led consortium comprising international and CGIAR institutions working in India for an impact oriented scaling up project on research for development in the state with the aim of improving rural livelihoods. The consortium started working to build a proof of concept to translate strategic research knowledge into improved livelihoods by scaling up the participatory research for development (PR4D) model. Constraints and problems in all six pilots across six districts were identified following meetings and stakeholder consultations. The project started in October 2019. This document reports the progress in its first year. Objectives

1. Restore coconut-based livelihoods in Puri and Khorda districts in the aftermath of cyclone Fani through specific science-based interventions. 2. Strengthen the process of sustainable soil management through soil test-based nutrient application for enhancing agricultural productivity across the targeted gram panchayats in four districts of Odisha viz., Rayagada, Gajapati, Koraput and Nabarangpur. 3. Demonstrate the productive potential of science-led interventions in selected crops as a means to improving rural livelihoods in target pilot sites 4. Build capacity of grassroots level OLM functionaries for scaling up successful crop-based interventions. 5. Strengthen the agri-based value chain by strengthening Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), introduction of ICT-based tools, low cost mechanization and technical backstopping for localized processing of produce.

Strategy

The main purpose of the initiative is to enhance livelihoods of the targeted households (HHs) and develop sites of learning in convergence with national and international institutions together with the GoO’s line departments, State Agricultural Universities (SAUs) and other academic institutions in the state. This will be done using a Participatory Research for Development (PR4D) and systems approach to improve the livelihoods of small and marginal farmers in Odisha.

The salient features of this novel initiative are as follows:  Build partnerships and harness synergies to benefit farmers through a science-led development strategy built on the experiences gathered during the implementation of Bhoochetana in the state. The consortium of national and international centers, ICAR and development agencies together with the SAUs will also be strengthened.  Missionary approach to harness the benefits of scientific developments and convert them into increased investments and impacts through scaling-up.  The pilot sites will be sites of learning and the consortium will adopt the principle of “Seeing is believing”. Through networking, farmers and Farmer Facilitators (FFs) will be empowered.  As consortium leader, ICRISAT will strive to develop the capacity of all partners to achieve systemic change by scaling up innovations with the help of concerned line departments in the state.  Capacity building of human resources through training via networking with institutions and building partnerships.  Enhancing the efficiency of land and water resources for sustainable intensification while preserving the environment.  Strengthen backward and forward linkages by establishing seed villages, custom hiring centers and small scale business development. The institutionalization of Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and service providers is envisaged for enhancing impact.  Mapping soil nutrient deficiencies and soil analysis-based integrated nutrient management practices for sustainable growth in dryland as well as irrigated areas of Odisha.  Augment local seed supply through trained seed growers for self-pollinated crops, such as groundnut and chickpea, to ensure timely supply of seeds at reasonable prices to farmers.  Best-bet practices such as rainwater management, pest management and building organic matter will support the project’s long term sustainability. The convergence of activities of the DoA, Department of horticulture (DoH), etc., will ensure increased water availability and increased efficiency.  The Mission Director & CEO-OLM will be the chair of the State Coordination Committee (SCC) that will include decision makers from consortium partners including line departments. The committee will pass on suitable government orders to mission staff. The SCC will meet regularly to ensure smooth convergence of activities. 4

 Accountability and delegation of authority will be key at different levels to meet the mission goal collectively.

Updates on project activities

The lockdown owing to the COVID-19 pandemic had initially disrupted the implementation of the project activities due to restrictions imposed by the Central and State government. The quick initiation of project activities in the six districts of Puri, Khorda, Nabarangpur, Koraput, Rayagada and Gajapati posed a major challenge. The lockdown restricted mobility of scientists. Given the situation and the paucity of time before monsoon in Odisha, it was essential to quickly kickstart activities using available resources. Hence, the help of local institutions that had worked with ICRISAT during the Odisha Bhoochetana project implementation were sought for soil sampling and laying out field demonstrations.

Despite these initial hurdles, the kharif planning and laying out demonstrations with the help of district level OLM staff, led by respective DPMs, were successfully completed across the six districts. The agreed activities as per the project proposal were followed to execute science based interventions to benefit larger number of households. Further, the availability of field staff including a scientific officer, three technicians per district and private partner facilitation immensely helped to overcome the challenging situation of COVID-19 pandemic and focus the project team on outputs. The details pertaining to each of these aspects is given in brief in this document.

A. Selection and mapping of pilot sites

The project adopted a cluster approach to select pilot sites numbering 3500 households (HHs) in Puri and Khorda for coconut rejuvenation and for agriculture-based livelihood development in Koraput, Rayagada, Gajapati and Nabarangpur. Such an approach would focus on whole villages. A series of meetings were held with officials both at OLM headquarters, Bhubaneshwar, and at District Project Managers (DPM) offices in the respective districts (Fig. 1). The team identified one representative block with three or four Gram Panchayats, and then identified a cluster of villages having at least 3500 HHs. In Puri and Khorda districts, which were affected by cyclone Fani, the emphasis was on identifying smaller pilot sites across three or four blocks.

The selected pilot villages were mapped using GIS tools. The census database was linked with a shapefile of the respective village to delineate the cluster of villages using GIS tools. Midcourse corrections were undertaken following meetings involving stakeholders, including OLM officials, and the final list of villages with census codes were finalized.

Figure 1: Meeting at OLM office to finalize the census and baseline surveys.

Figure 2: OLM pilot villages in Puri and Khorda districts, Odisha.

Figure 3: OLM pilot villages in R. Udayagiri block, Figure 4: OLM pilot villages in Kosagumuda block in Gajapati district. Nabarangpur district.

Figure 5: OLM pilot villages in Similiguda block, Figure 6: OLM pilot villages in Muniguda block, Koraput district. Rayagada district.

B. Real-time project monitoring through ME@SURE app One of the key strategies to realize the objectives of the project was to establish a systematic, science- and data-driven process for planning, training and monitoring at grassroots’ level. Continuous and real- time planning, monitoring and evaluation is one of the core strategies of project implementation. Hence, including ICT and familiarizing ground level partners with new-age monitoring systems was key. Understanding the importance of quality data in real-time from the field along with actionable insights, ICRISAT’s Digital Agriculture team designed, developed and implemented a modern ICT-based monitoring and evaluation ecosystem through the ME@SURE app for the project involving the use of MPro and MSoil. 7

MPro and MSoil enable (i) collection of geo-tagged data of farmers, farmland, crops, demo plots, capacity building activities in real-time from the source where the data is generated; (ii) collection and aggregation of periodic reports, updates, information from different implementing groups; (iii) keeps track of the KPI and progress of project implementation; (iv) provides a web-based multi-layered dashboard to visualize the reported data both spatially and temporally; and (v) provides spatial distribution of the project intervention sites and adoption. i. MPro

MPro is a basic digital M&E application that enables collection of mobile-based data. Based on the work packages, data collection templates will be configured online and users/enumerators assigned. The enumerators will have to collect data from the field. The pre-installed MPro app (https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.measure.soil) on Android-based mobile phones of enumerators can synchronize templates assigned and enable data collection from the source. The user- friendly, design-centric templates ensure minimal errors in data collection by enumerators. The application also captures geo-coordinates, timestamp and photographs. The collected data will automatically synchronize with an online server when there is connectivity. In case of low/no connectivity, enumerators can record the data that will automatically be synchronized when there is connectivity. ii. MSoil (MEASURING Soil) MSoil application is a mobile-based digital workflow to collect and track soil samples from the field and digitize workflow in the soil laboratory. The digitization will: (i) enable end-to-end digital process in soil collection, analysis and sharing of results; (ii) support accurate collection and effective management of data; (iii) provide a streamlined and effective process; and (iv) offer better integration with farmer profiles and digital soil cards. The mobile app is available on Google Play store https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.measure.soil. The soil collection data and its different processes are captured with latitude and longitude of the land parcel. This is spatially represented online on a live dashboard along with other accompanying details. The data will be further analysed for additional insights. The sample views of the dashboards are presented below and can also be accessed from the above link. iii. QR code-based beneficiary tracking and farmer registration Understanding target beneficiaries and aligning work packages is key to the success of projects. Every farmer in the target villages is now being profiled through the MPro farmer registration app. Each profile is registered and a QR Card-based beneficiary card is issued during the process. This card will help track the beneficiary farmers for future interventions. Each record is supported by real-time GPS coordinates recording and data backup in the web application. Shown below are the QR Code-based cards that are being distributed to beneficiary farmers during profile/census.

Figure 7: QR Code-based cards that are being distributed to beneficiary farmers during profile/census. c. Assessing soil nutrient status

Soil testing measures the status of individual plant nutrients in the soil. It serves as the basis for crop nutrient recommendations. Soil sampling is the first, and perhaps the most critical step, wherein any error can lead to wrong interpretation and erroneous recommendations. Geo-referenced soil sample collection is crucial as an input for GIS mapping to enable proper policy and management decisions and the creation of extrapolation domains. Precision soil sampling of all households with land parcels in the cluster villages in the project sites was undertaken in the six districts. To facilitate hassle free real-time monitoring, an android-based mobile app called ‘M’ that records GPS coordinates was developed, and used by the field level soil collection teams.

A virtual training on soil sampling using MSoil application was conducted on 7 May 2020 for all field teams and OLM officials to familiarize them with the digitisation process involved and to guide them in efficient soil sampling. Further, a series of hands-on trainings were conducted across the six project districts by involving OLM officials at each stage of soil sampling. i. Soil sampling from Agricultural fields in Koraput, Gajapati, Nabarangpur, Rayagada districts The ICRISAT team, in consultation with OLM officials, worked out a strategy for collecting around 3500 surface soil (0-15 cm) samples from each of the pilot sites across Koraput, Gajapati, Nabarangpur and Rayagada districts. Individual farmers having agricultural land were selected to collect soil samples. The selected farm was divided into different homogenous units based on visual observation, and locations for collection were identified by walking across the field in a zigzag manner. Surface litter was removed at the sampling site and a V-shaped cut was dug to a depth of 15 cm using a spade. Thick slices of soil were removed all along the exposed face of the V-shaped cut and placed in a clean container. Ten to fifteen such samples that were collected from the zigzag locations in a particular field were placed in a clean bucket or tray. The samples were mixed thoroughly and foreign material such as roots, stones and pebbles were removed. A quartering and compartmentalization procedure was followed to prepare a composite sample by spreading the soil on a clean plastic surface until the required quantity was obtained. The final soil sample was put in plastic bags and a sample ID with geo-coordinates and farmer details were generated using the MSoil application.

Figure 8: A V-shaped cut is made before Figure 9: Soil samples are thoroughly mixed together on a plastic surface. soil samples are taken.

Figure 10: A process called quartering Figure 11: Geo-coordinates and farmer involves dividing the mixed sample into details entered into the mSOIL android four equal parts. application.

ii. Soil sampling from coconut homestead/commercial plantation in Puri and Khordha districts In Puri and Khorda, coconut was the target crop. Since it is deep-rooted in nature, soil samples were collected at two depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm) from 3000 sites i.e., a total of 6000 soil samples from homestead or block plantations. The site for soil collection was identified at a distance of 1 - 1.5 m away from the bole of the palm depending on the age of the plantation. The debris on the site was cleared by scraping the surface with a spade and a pit was dug on the site using a power-operated earth auger up to a depth of 30 cm. The soil obtained during the digging process was collected, spread on a polythene sheet and roots, stones, pebbles and gravel removed. Thereafter, the soil was put in a polythene bag with a sample ID along with geo-coordinates and farmer details generated using the MSoil app. Later, another soil sample was collected at 30-60 cm depth in the same pit following the same procedure and a sample ID along with geo-coordinates and farmer details was generated using the MSoil app. Guidelines followed  Site-specific geo-coordinates and farmer details were noted for each soil sample using MSoil mobile application.  All the soil samples were collected during the dry fallow period.  Sites on slopes and near drainage points and fields with a recent history of either fertilizer application or amendments like lime and gypsum were avoided.  Sampling in dead furrows, wet spots, areas near main field bund, trees, manure heaps and irrigation channels was also avoided.

 Soil samples were collected in the presence of farm owners.

Figure 12: Soil sampling in Puri and Khorda using soil augers and by maintaining social distancing.

iii. Progress in soil collection A total of 14,653 soil samples were collected from the project districts (Table 1).

Table 1: District wise soil samples collected from across the six project districts District No. of samples Gajapati 1590 Nabarangpur 3273 Rayagada 2062 Koraput 2048 Puri 4000 (surface + subsurface) Khorda 1680 (surface + subsurface) Total 14653

Figure 13: Details of soils samples collected across project districts.

B. Socio-economic activities

The project team is in the process of conducting a baseline survey and census to help in benchmarking, assessing risks, designing appropriate mitigation measures, monitoring their effectiveness, implementing corrective actions until completion, and finally, for preparing a foundation for predicting project impact.

i. Quick assessment survey A pilot survey was conducted by a team of three economists and the OLM Team at Puri and Khorda to provide the groundwork in designing research tools and data analysis before initiating project activities. The major findings are as follows:

 Nearly 62% of the households in Puri and 73% in Khordha are growing coconuts either as homestead or plantation or both.  Nearly 98% of the coconut palms in Khordha and 63% in Puri were planted around homesteads. The remaining are in plantations.  The average area under plantation is 0.74 acres (0.75 acres in Khorda and 0.5 acres in Puri)

 The average yield per palm is around 65-70 nuts per harvest and there’s a minimum of four harvests per year. The selling price per nut is ₹ 10.  The plant density is high. The number of palms in a homestead ranges from 9 in Khordha and nearly 11 in Puri. The average plantations per acre is around 54 plants/acre in Khordha and 72 in Puri.  There is almost zero cost of cultivation (homesteads) except the expenditure on harvesting, usually done by the Boya community for cash or barter payment.  ‘Sakhi Gopal’ is the major variety; and the average age of the palm in the region was more than 40 years.  Mixed cropping (fruits and vegetables) is prevalent in homesteads. Though there is scope for intercropping, farmers don’t prefer it in orchards due to fear of crop failure as coconut trees demand high nutrition. The preferred intercropping in block plantation is vegetables.  Majority of the nuts (70%) are sold as tender nuts and the remaining as matured nuts.  The gross income generated from a palm ranges from ₹6500 - 7000.  Coir and copra quality are poor and have limited demand for industrial purposes. ii. Census, baseline survey, focus group discussion (FGD) The census, baseline and FGD were planned to enumerate the fully and partially damaged palms in Puri and Khorda, and to draw a comprehensive livelihood map for the other four districts. The FGDs were planned to find the root causes of problems in crop, livestock management and livelihood constraints. For the census, the following were planned: nearly 9000 HHs listed for assessing coconut-based cropping system of Puri and Khorda districts and 16,000 HH for assessing field crops-based cropping system in four tribal districts. The sample frame for the baseline was 10% of the population spread across the villages. At least one FGDs per village was required with a minimum of 10 participants.  Computer-assisted personal interviewing - Measure App: To make surveys more efficient and to help ensure high quality data a “Measure” app was developed, where data can be captured, validated and analysed efficiently. The initial census instrument was digitized and pilot-tested in Puri with the help of survey team. The app helps in monitoring the survey and validates the data with in-built check points. The app can also be helpful in visualization of data, which aids in monitoring and evaluation of the project’s progress and objectives.

 Survey team: Conducting census, baseline and FGD calls for an experienced team with good domain knowledge. Following consultations with various companies, NGOs, consultants and university/research institutes, Indev Consultancy was identified to conduct the census and Overseas Projects and Services Ltd (OPSL) for baseline surveys. The instruments for the census, baseline and FGDs were prepared and presented before the OLM team. While the team began the census in Puri and Khorda, COVID-19 restrictions halted the baseline and FGDs. iii. Insights from census A preliminary analysis of census data shows information pertaining to sources of income, coconut planting pattern besides highlighting situation of coconut plantation in the wake of FANI. However, detailed analysis is in progress and a comprehensive report will be shared soon.

 Sources of Income: The major source of income for majority of households is observed to be income from non-farm labour. Dependency on agriculture is observed in Khorda (41%) followed by non-farm labour (38%). Income from non-farm labour is major source (43%) followed by agriculture (30%) in Puri. Dependency on coconut (plantation/homestead) was less and it is just 5% in Puri and more than 1% in Khordha.

Figure 14. Sources of income mapped through census conducted in Puri and Khorda

 Coconut planting pattern: The extent of block plantation in Puri is higher than Khordha. Nearly 3% of the households are growing coconut in block plantation in Khordha while 37% of households do the same in Puri. Very small percent (0.14%) indulged in a combination of block and bund plantation in Puri.

Figure 15. Coconut planting pattern mapped through census conducted in Puri and Khorda. 14

 Impact of Fani: The density of palms per acre is high in Puri (71 palms/acre) compared to Khordha (54/acre). The average age of the palm is around 20 years. The extent of senile plants is less (around 1%). More than 65% of the palms were damaged in plantations and 70% of palms in homestead of Puri. Nearly 10% of the palms were partially damaged in Khordha and less than 3% in Puri.

Table 2 Details of coconut plantation in block plantation and homestead before and after FANI

BLOCK PLANTATION No. of plants No. of No. of No. of No. of senile (number) plants plants plants/acre Avg. age plants (too old after dead (to be partially District before FANI (years) > 40 years) FANI replaced) damaged Khordha 53.79 22.58 0.80 14.47 35.08 5.82 Puri 71.62 22.29 1.32 24.03 47.59 2.20 HOMESTEAD Khordha 8.85 21.84 0.26 3.03 5.82 0.98 Puri 10.63 20.15 0.41 2.90 7.74 0.23

C. Rejuvenation of coconut-based livelihoods

The first aim of the project was to help OLM team in rejuvenating coconut-based livelihoods of resource poor farmers of Puri and Khorda districts who suffered setbacks due to large-scale devastation caused by Cyclone Fani. This section gives details about a large number of interventions that were planned and are being implemented in these two districts in a participatory mode. I. Estimation of plant damage area using remote sensing: A case study in Puri district Satellite Remote Sensing is the most common method to quantify changes in land use land cover (LULC) properties using multi-temporal remotely sensed data (Singh 1989). To quantify plant damage area resulting from Fani between 26 April and 5 May 2019, changes in LULC were analysed for Biragobindapur village in Puri district as a case study. For this analysis, two multi-spectral Sentinel-2 images with 10 m resolution were used. Spectral resolution, spatial resolution and data availability are the three important factors to consider in the selection of satellite data. Sentinel-2A images were used due to its ease of availability and the spatial resolution is 10 m for Blue, Green, Red and NIR bands which can be used for LULC analysis. The satellite images were obtained from Sentinel-2 through https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/, with acquisition dates of 18 April 2019 and 8 May 2019. Each image consists of four bands data which was converted from Digital Numbers (DN) to surface reflectance values. Four bands in each image were stacked as a single file and then the Biragobindapur village boundary area was extracted. An unsupervised classification technique was used due to unavailability of ground-truthing or field observations to identify and label the classes. One common form of clustering – k-means algorithm – was used to generate 20 spectral groups/classes with 30 iterations. High resolution Google Earth images from 17 March 2019 and 16 May 2019 were used to identify classes from before and after cyclone Fani.

Figure 14 images, captured from Google Earth, illustrate how the cyclone wrecked plantations in some parts of the village. Classes generated from unsupervised classification were reclassified into plantations, fallow land, settlements, water bodies and other classes. Also, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to identify major classes such as water bodies and plantations.

Figure 16: A part of Biragobindapur village before and after Cyclone Fani (Google Earth images).

Figure 17: LULC classification of Biragobindapur village before and after Cyclone Fani using Sentinel-2.

LULC classification before and after the cyclone shows significant changes in LULC properties of the village as shown in Figure 14. The total geographical area of the village is 579 ha in which plantation and fallow lands had the largest share of 394 ha. Table 2 shows the summary of areas calculated under each selected land-use type before and after the cyclone. The results showed that the cyclone wrecked the plantation area, which decreased from 104 ha to 85 ha. Fallow land also decreased from 290 ha to 246 ha indicating that some of the fallow lands converted into water bodies or wetlands. The cyclone not only damaged the plantation area but also ended up increasing wetlands or water bodies due to water stagnation in fallow lands. Seeing the increase in settlements, it can be inferred that canopy cover of dense vegetation decreased due to the cyclone, leading to greater visibility of built-up area. This study shows that quantification of plantation area damage using remote sensing provides valuable insights for identifying the plantation area at the block or district scale. The accuracy of LULC analysis can be increased with ground-truthing data and the use of more spectral bands with high spatial resolution data.

Table 3. Land use statistics before and after the cyclone Class Name Area before cyclone (ha) Area after cyclone (ha) Area increase/decrease (ha) Plantation 104 85 -19 Fallow 290 246 -44 Water bodies 14 98 +84 Settlements 39 48 +9 Others 132 102 -30 Total area 579 579

II. Exposure visit of progressive coconut farmers and OLM officials to Kadiyam Kadiyam is a mandal in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh where nurseries spread across 3,500 acres in 11 villages are doing good business and providing employment to about 20,000 agricultural laborers. These nurseries are well-known and famous for producing planting materials of fruit crops and ornamental species that are exported to many parts of the country. On 3-4 March 2020, an exposure visit was organized for 25 farmers along with OLM staff (10 women and 15 men) from Puri and Khorda districts to the leading nurseries in Kadiyam. The objective was to encourage the farmers to establish coconut nurseries – one each in Puri and Khorda districts. During the visit, farmers were exposed to best management practices in raising coconut seedlings. Farmers showed enthusiasm by actively interacting with the nursery staff.

Figure 18: Visit to different nurseries in Kadiyam.

Figure 19: News published in local newspapers.

III. Identification of mother palms/gardens and sourcing of seed nuts To demonstrate underplanting of new coconut seedlings in a scientific manner in homesteads and commercial plantations, nurseries near Bhubaneswar and Kadiyam, Andhra Pradesh, were identified to supply quality coconut seedlings in Puri and Khorda districts to meet project requirement. Further, a hi- tech nursery, Chandan nursery from Konark, was identified for ready procurement of quality coconut saplings.

Figure 20: Visit of ICRISAT scientists to nurseries at Kadiyam (top photos) and Chandan nurseries, Konark (bottom photos).

IV. Introduction of improved tools/equipment to reduce drudgery and improve efficiency

 Procurement of soil augers-cum-pit diggers: Soil sampling in Puri and Khorda districts is in progress. Soil samples from coconut plantations/homesteads are being collected from two different depths i.e., 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm by deploying soil augers of 300 mm diameter that will be used to dig pits for coconut plantations.  Procurement of chain saw: Post-cyclone Fani, fallen trees, fronds and other plant debris are still lying in the homesteads and block plantations. Chain saw machines were procured to clean them. Local youth will be trained to operate the machines.  Procurement of coconut leaf shredders: To promote aerobic composting using bio-culture, which is fast and eco-friendly, leaf shredding machines were procured and sent to the pilot villages.

Figure 21: Inauguration of coconut plantation program and its coverage in ICRISAT Happenings newsletter

V. Inauguration and celebration of World coconut day  Inauguration of coconut plantation mission On 23 June 2020, the coconut plantation program was inaugurated in Dugal village of Satyabadi block in Puri district. Attendees included OLM officials, ICRISAT senior scientists, local Sarpanch, NGO officials, and villagers. Mr. Saroj Kumar Datta (OAS), BDO, Satyabadi, and Mr Prakash Khatei, sarpanch of village Dugal joined the coconut plantation program on 9 July 2020. Hands-on training was given to farmers on selection of disease-free and healthy coconut saplings, scientific planting at 7.5 m x 7.5 m spacing in pits of size of 1 m x 1 m; application of a mix of 10 kg FYM, 1 kg neem powder and 50 g chloropyriphos 1.5% DP with coconut husk for better water-holding capacity.

 Celebration of World coconut day On 2 September 2020, the World Coconut Day was observed in pilot villages by distributing pamphlets on GAP in coconut plantation in farmers’ fields. Local Block Development Officers, OLM-ICRISAT officials and villagers participated in the program.

Figure 22: World Coconut Day activities and distribution of pamphlets in Puri and Khorda districts.

Figure 23: World Coconut Day coverage in ICRISAT Happenings

Figure 24: Media coverage of World Coconut Day activities in KS News channel

VI. Scaling out of scientific coconut plantations A vast number of coconut palms in homesteads/block plantations had fallen or been uprooted by Fani, which hit coastal Odisha in 2019. There was extensive damage (approx. 50-70%) to existing coconut plantations, either by uprooting or complete crown damage. If a coconut palm gets uprooted or its crown completely broken, it cannot be recovered by any agronomic means. The homesteads or block plantations, where such type of damage had occurred, need judicious management for revival of coconut plants by underplanting new coconut palms. The important reasons for the damage to coconut 22 palms were senile plantations, shallow planting with close spacing in the plantations, etc. Scientific approach for underplanting of coconut seedlings is essential in these areas to avoid such losses due. Pre-requisite household survey was conducted to get details of number of damaged/ replaceable plants in homesteads as they contribute to the livelihoods of majority of farmers in Puri and Khorda districts. As a part of the project activity, coconut plantation was started on the auspicious day of Lord Jagannath Yatra i.e., on 23 July 2020 in Dugal and Badlasasan villages. Coconut seedlings were procured from an authentic and NHB accredited nursery. The seedlings were provided to farmers and planted in households of each of the project villages. Described below is the scientific approach followed while planting coconut seedlings.  Identification of ideal plantation site; it should receive good sunlight and properly drain water.  Digging of the pits of 1 X 1 m using manually operated soil auger machines.  Spacing between coconut plantation is 7.5 X 7.5 m  Application of neem powder and chloropyriphos 1.5 DP as a plant protection measure  Application of 10 kg FYM in the pit  Refilling the pits with soil and planting seedlings at 30-45 cm depth  Application of recommended dose of fertilizers (NPK) after two months of planting.

Coconut plantations were done by actively involving farmers in demonstrations of scientific coconut planting with best management practices (BMPs) like ensuring optimum planting depth, spacing, balanced nutrient management and plant protection. Initially, plantation of 4500 seedlings was targeted. It was later decided to scale up this technology of underplanting. During the kharif season, about 20,000 seedlings were planted in all project villages. These coconut plantations are being recorded in MPro app with photos and GPS coordinates.

Figure 25: Glimpses of scientific coconut plantation in Puri and Khorda.

Table 4. Village wise details of coconut plantations S. No. District Block Villages Coconut plantation (nos.) 1 Rupadeipur 3542 2 Pipli Nirmala 200 3 Biranarasinghpur 1206 Puri Sadar 4 Dolagobindapur 202 5 Sriramchandrapur 2455 Puri 6 Biramchandrapur 2241 Satyabadi 7 Dugal 400 8 Biragobindapur 278 9 Balanga 1784 Nimapada 10 Bamanal 200 11 Jhintisasan 3644 Balianta 12 Bodhakhandi 571 Khorda 13 Narada 2477 Balipatna 14 Badala Sasan 300

15 Nariso 500 Total 10 20000

VII. Developing a convergence plan with MGNREGA in Puri and Khorda districts

Given the COVID-19 situation and the short time remaining for the onset of monsoon in Odisha, it was become essential to complete the summer activities associated with coconut cultivation, such as pit digging and debris cleaning. Therefore, a convergence proposal was submitted to OLM in July 2020 to engage workers available from the MGNREGA Scheme of the Government of India and utilize efficiently in achieving the set target of planting of coconut seedlings.. The plan initially was prepared to replace all completely damaged palms in project villages of Puri and Khorda, targeting villages from Satyabadi and Balianta blocks of puri and khordha districts, respectively. However, the plan could not get materialise in Puri but got some success in Khorda district. The convergence plan is as follows:

a) Operational methodology i. Implementing agency: The Panchayat Samiti (block) will be the implementing agency for coconut cultivation in the selected blocks of Puri and Khorda district.

ii. Project formulation and work code generation: The project will be taken up hamlet-wise in a cluster approach, as communicated vide letter No. PR- NREG-SCHEME-0009-2020/7725, Dt. 22-04-2020. The work code will be generated under drought proofing category, horticulture plantation type, in a convergence mode in NREGASoft.

iii. Project approval: Technical sanction (TS) of the estimate in hard copy will be accorded by a technically competent authority (AEE/AE) of the block concerned. The online financial sanction (FS) will be accorded by the Collector and the DPC (without SECURE soft).

iv. Selection of beneficiaries:  Households specified in Paragraph 5 of MGNREGA Act, such as SC, ST, BPL, beneficiaries of RH, PH, WH, Small Farmers and Marginal Farmers, etc., can be the beneficiaries of this initiative;  Preference will be given to those having a farm pond that is covered under land development activity, waste land and uncultivated land.

b) Convergence modalities

i. MGNREGA components:  The following labour components will be under MGNREGA: Land preparation, layout and demarcation, digging of pits (1m x 1m x 1m), filling pits (carrying compost, mixing with soil), planting followed by watering, irrigation, intercultural operations (hoeing, weeding, application of manure) and creation of fire line, application of PP chemicals, clearing of crown, mulching, fencing, and collection of staking materials and fixing. 25

 The cost related to establishment of the Citizen Information Board (CIB) at each hamlet. ii. OLM components:  Assessment of damaged coconut plants.  Selection and mobilization of beneficiaries.  Selection of sites for plantation.  Engagement of community cadres like Krishi Mitra/ Prani Mitra for handholding support. iii. ICRISAT components:  The procurement and supply of coconut seedlings and inputs such as fertilizers, PP chemicals (neem powder, chloropyriphos), etc., to each household.  Technical guidance on scientific coconut planting.  Training and capacity building of farmers and community cadres (Krishi Mitra, GRS/mate).  Farmer participatory field demonstrations on scientific management of coconut-based cropping systems in selected farmers’ fields (10-15 farmers) in each village.  Transportation charges of procuring coconut saplings, fertilizers and PP chemicals.  Development and dissemination of IEC materials.  Supervision of plantation activity. Timeline: The activities were proposed to be completed between mid-July and October 2020 depending on rainfall conditions.

Table 5. Gram Panchayat wise coconut plantations under MGNREGS convergence in Khorda district

S. No. Coconut plantation (nos.) Gram Panchayats Block 1 Pampalo 600 2 Turintira 114 Balipatna 3 Kurunjipur 86 4 Nariso 500 Total 4 1300

Figure 26: News clipping of coconut plantation under MGNREGS convergence VIII. Promoting best-bet management practices in coconut In order to support framers on scientific coconut management, efforts were taken to demonstrate to them the best bet management practices viz. vertical intensification through suitable crops and cropping system, coconut health management through crown cleaning and integrated nutrient management practices. a. Vertical intensification: intercropping and multi-tiered cropping Intercropping is the growing of two or more crops in proximity on the same land. The rationale behind intercropping is that different crops planted are unlikely to share the same insect pest- and disease- causing pathogens, and to conserve soil. But, multi-storeyed or multi-tier cropping involves growing plants of different heights in the same field at the same time. It is mostly practiced in orchard and plantation crops for maximum use of solar energy even with high plant density. In both systems, the interspaces in plantations can be utilized efficiently to help a farmer generate additional income. Vertical intensification in coconut along with crops like pineapple, banana, ginger, pepper, cowpea, fodder grasses, etc., will be demonstrated in block plantations of all identified villages. As per the plan, suitable land for intercropping was selected for multi-storeyed cropping in our pilot villages. A total of 34 demos on intercropping and multi-storeyed cropping with above mentioned crops were established successfully (Table 6).

Figure 27: Intercropping of turmeric and banana in homesteads.

Figure 28: Schematic representation of intercropping and mixed cropping in coconut. b. Nutrient management

It has been observed that farmers do not follow nutrient management practices in coconut plants in homesteads and commercial plantations due to which the annual yield of nuts per palm is declining every year and is a major concern in all project villages. As coconut significantly responds to nutrient and manure application, farmers were shown and encouraged to apply recommended dose of fertilizers and manure in a scientific manner. As per the agreed plan to cover 300 coconut plantations for rigorous nutrient management study, we have identified and demarked these plants in a few representative villages (Table 6). Further, the required fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorous, potash and boron in recommended doses were arranged to be provided to farmers for use after two months of seedling plantation.

Figure 29: Application of recommended dose of fertilizer by ring method

28 c. Crown cleaning Coconut palms in both districts are under stress due to the damage caused by high velocity winds of Cyclone Fani. DueGenerally, in monsoon season, there are chances of incidence of fungal infections due to continuous rainfall which leads to the crown rotting. Therefore, preventive measures were promoted and demonstrated to the farmers viz. application of perforated polythene sachets of mancozeb, cleaning of dead tissue from the spindle and treatment with Bordeaux paste etc. According to the proposal, a total of 240 palms (16 palm per village) were covered under this activity (Table 6).

Figure 30: Demonstration of crown cleaning across project villages Table 6: Details of interventions in coconut plantations in Puri and Khorda district S. Vertical Crown District Block Villages INM No. intensification Cleaning 1 Rupadeipur 2 16 20 Pipli 2 Nirmala 1 16 20 3 Biranarasinghpur 2 16 20 Puri Sadar 4 Dolagobindapur 2 16 20 5 Sriramchandrapur 2 16 20 Puri 6 Biramchandrapur 3 16 20 Satyabadi 7 Dugal 3 16 20 8 Biragobindapur 2 16 20 9 Balanga 1 16 20 Nimapada 10 Bamanal 0 16 20 11 Jhintisasan 4 16 20 12 Balianta Bodhakhandi 2 16 20 13 Khorda Narada 3 16 20 14 Balipatna Badala Sasan 3 16 20 15 Nariso 2 16 20 Total 10 34 240 300

IX. Capacity building As part of awareness creation and promotion of new technologies in coconut cultivation, project farmers and SHGs were trained on different coconut related interventions in order to improve their livelihoods. These hands-on trainings were focused on scientific coconut planting, INM-IPM management, crown cleaning, vertical intensification, etc.

Figure 31: Photos from farmers’ group meetings and field demonstration of seed dibbler. Table 7. Details of the training programs in Puri districts Sl Topic Date No. of Block Village GP Name No participants Name Name

Scientific coconut transplantation and awareness 23.06.2 15 (10 men + 5 Satyaba 1 Dugal Dugal started on the auspicious day 020 women) di of Rath Yatra

Training in climbing coconut 30.06.2 Satyaba 2 10 (10 men) Dugal Dugal tree 020 di

Hands-on training scientific 15.07.2 14 ( 4 men + Rupadeip Rupadeip 3 Pipli coconut plantation 020 10 women) ur ur

Hands-on training scientific 16.07.2 14 ( 5 men + 9 Satyaba Sriramcha Sriramcha 4 coconut plantation 020 women) di ndrapur ndrapur

Hands-on training scientific 16.07.2 10 ( 4 men + 6 Satyaba Biramcha Biramcha 5 coconut plantation 020 women) di ndra pur ndrapur

Hands-on training scientific 18.07.2 12 ( 7 men + 5 Nimapa 6 Balanga Balanga coconut plantation 020 women) da

Hands-on training scientific 18.07.2 13 ( 2 men + Nimapa 7 Bamanal Bamanal coconut plantation 020 11 women) da

On-field training scientific 22.07.2 16 ( 4 men + Satyaba 8 Dugal Dugala coconut plantation 020 12 women) di

On-field training scientific 22.07.2 15 ( 4 men + Satyaba Biragobin 9 Dugal coconut plantation 020 11 women) di dapur

Dolagobin On-field training scientific 23.07.2 18 ( 6 men + Puri Biraprata 10 da coconut plantation 020 12 women) Sadar ppur pur

On-field training scientific 24.07.2 11 ( 3 men + 8 Puri Biranarasi Biranarasi 11 coconut plantation 020 women) Sadar nghpur nghpur

Training in coconut crown 30.06.2 15 ( 2 men + Puri Biranarasi Biranarasi 12 cleaning 020 13 women) Sadar nghpur nghpur

Training in coconut crown 01.07.2 16 ( 7 men + 9 Rupadeip Rupadeip 13 Pipli cleaning 020 women) ur ur

Training in coconut crown 02.07.2 13 ( 6 men + 7 Satyaba Sriramcha Sriramcha 14 cleaning 020 women) di ndrapur ndrapur

Training in coconut crown 03.07.2 14 ( 5 men + 9 Nimapa 15 Balanga Balanga cleaning 020 women) da

Training in intercropping and 12.07.2 10 ( 2 men + 8 16 Pipli Teisipur Nirmala INM practices in coconut 020 women)

Training in intercropping and 13.07.2 18 ( 5 men + Satyaba Biramcha Biramcha 17 INM practices in coconut 020 13 women) di ndra pur ndrapur

Training in intercropping and 14.07.2 13 ( 4 men + 9 Nimapa 18 Bamanal Bamanal INM practices in coconut 020 women) da

Training in intercropping and 15.07.2 16 ( 6 men + Satyaba 19 Dugal Dugala INM practices in coconut 020 10 women) di

Biraramc Training in climbing coconut 27.07.2 Satyaba Biraramch 20 12 (12 men) handrapu tree 020 di andrapur r

Training in intercropping and 31.07.2 14 (6 men + 8 Satyaba Sriramcha Sriramcha 21 INM practices in coconut 020 women) di ndrapur ndrapur

Hands-on training scientific 31.08.2 12 ( 5 men + 7 22 Pipli Teisipur Nirmala coconut plantation 020 women)

Biraramc 02.09.2 25 (16 men + 9 Satyaba Biraramch 23 World Coconut Day celebration handrapu 020 women) di andrapur r

Table 8. Details of the training programs in Khorda districts No. of Sl participants Block Village No Topic Date GP Name (Men and Name Name . Women)

1 On-field training scientific 16.07.2 14 ( 4 men + Baliant Jhintisasa Jhintisasa coconut plantation 020 10 women) a n n

2 On-field training scientific 17.07.2 13 ( 5 men + 8 Balipat Kurunjipu BadalaSas coconut plantation 020 women) na r an

3 On-field training scientific 18.07.2 16 ( 5 men + Balipat Nariso Nariso coconut plantation 020 11 women) na

4 On-field training scientific 18.07.2 18 ( 5 men + Balipat Turintira Narada coconut plantation 020 13 women) na

5 Training in coconut crown 29.06.2 11 ( 4 men + 7 Balipat Kurunjipu Badalasas cleaning 020 women) na r an

6 Training in coconut crown 29.06.2 15 ( 3 men + Balipat Nariso Nariso cleaning 020 12 women) na

7 Training in coconut crown 30.06.2 17 ( 6 men + Balipat Turintira Narada cleaning 020 11 women) na

8 Training in coconut crown 01.07.2 19 ( 5 men + Baliant Jhintisasa Jhintisasa cleaning 020 14 women) a n n

9 Training on intercropping and 15.07.2 12 ( 4 men + 8 Balipat Kurunjipu BadalaSas INM practices in coconut 020 women) na r an

10 Training on intercropping and 14.07.2 13 ( 6 men + 7 Baliant Jhintisasa Jhintisasa INM practices in coconut 020 women) a n n

11 Training on intercropping and 15.07.2 10 ( 2 men + 8 Balipat Turintira Narada INM practices in coconut 020 women) na

12 Coconut transplantation 23.07.2 started on the auspicious day 020 Balipat Kurunjipu BadalaSas 24(14 men+10 of Rath Yatra na r an women)

13 World Coconut Day celebration 02.09.2 020 Baliant Jhintisasa Jhintisasa 27(8 men +19 a n n Women)

14 Demonstration of climbing 30.06.2 12 (4 men +8 Balipat Nariso Nariso coconut tree 020 Women) na

Publication of extension materials

Figure 32: Pamphlet on coconut cultivation in Odiya. Figure 33: Pamphlet on intercropping model in coconut.

Figure 34. Pamphlet on plant protection in coconut.

Figure 35: Pamphlets on nursery management and care and management of Fani affected coconut.

D. Piloting science led productivity enhancement in Koraput, Nabarangpur, Rayagada and Gajapati districts

The targeted population of Koraput, Nabarangpur, Rayagada and Gajapati face major challenges arising from poverty and malnutrition. The situation is alarming due to low agricultural productivity that is exacerbated by land degradation and poor resource use efficiency. Despite receiving 1200-1500 mm rainfall annually, these districts suffer from water scarcity, especially in the lean period (January-May). What's more, these districts also face natural calamities such as droughts, floods and soil erosion during the monsoon season. Both crop and livestock productivity in these districts are far lower than the national average. Thus, a majority of farmers largely follow rainfed cultivation and cultivate only during the monsoon season. Small land holdings and poor knowledge about improved agricultural practices contribute greatly to the non-realization of the full potential of rainfed systems. The lands they cultivate are degraded and the soils are poor and multi-nutrient deficient. In the absence of a supportive system, the tribal populations suffer from malnutrition. Against this backdrop, project interventions were implemented to address the complex and vicious circle of poor soils-low productivity-malnourishment through sustainable intensification.

The interventions designed for the tribal districts Nabarangpur, Koraput, Gajapati and Rayagada, focuses on harnessing low hanging fruits through adoption of science led technologies and practices. The successful intervention models were promoted to cover almost 1932 households across the four districts during kharif 2020 season. This section gives updates on the progress of interventions in these districts.

I. Balanced nutrient management Balanced use of plant nutrients involves correcting nutrient deficiencies, restoring soil fertility of degraded lands (due to overexploitation), increasing nutrient and water use efficiency, and thus enhancing crop yields and farmers’ incomes. Soil samples were collected from almost 15,000 HHs before kharif season and their chemical analysis is in the process. The results will be made available before March 2021. Therefore, results of soil analysis done during GoO-ICRISAT’s Bhoochetana Project in the same blocks viz., Semiliguda, Muniguda, Kosamagunda and R. Udayagiri from Koraput, Rayagada, Nabrangpur and Gajapati districts, respectively, were extracted from Bhoochetana data and soil-test based recommendations were worked out for paddy, finger millet, pigeonpea and other agricultural crops of these districts. The criteria that was followed was low nutrient soil will be applied 25 per cent more NPK than the RDF and high nutrient soil 25 per cent less NPK than the RDF pilot sites of OLM project. The percentage deficiency data of four blocks are given below.

Figure 36: Percent deficiency status of soil nutrient in targeted OLM blocks across four districts viz. Nabarangapur, Rayagada, Koraput and Gajapati districts.

 Plan of Action:

ICRISAT diagnosed nutrient deficiencies and devised the following strategies  For secondary and micronutrients, application of full dose fertilizer is being recommended in case if deficiency is more than 50% in those fields for that particular nutrient in a particular village or block, half the dose in case if the deficiency is between 25- 50%, one-fourth dose in case if the deficiency is between 10 - 25% and no application of nutrient if the deficiency level is lesser than 10% at village/block level.  Out of the micronutrients, boron (> 80 %) was found highly deficient and widespread followed by zinc (> 55%) across all pilot blocks. Zinc sulphate, being a source of zinc (21%) and sulphur (15%), was recommended at 10 kg/acre to address both zinc and sulphur deficiency simultaneously. Boron deficiency was addressed by soil application of borax at 2kg per acre in pilot sites.

 On-ground execution:  In order to address the deficiency of micro-nutrients on priority basis, borax and zinc sulphate was procured and made available to the target farmers for conducting 800 nutrient demos in the Kharif season.  GPS soil samples (9409 nos.) were collected across four blocks using the mSoil android application to be analysed at ICRISAT for developing crop and site-specific fertilizer recommendations in the next phase of the project. Demonstrations on balanced nutrient management in paddy, finger millet, pigeonpea were conducted across four districts. The demonstration fields were visited by different OLM officials including DPM, BPM and other OLM field staffs. The crop cutting experiments (CCEs) are in progress and will be reported in the next half yearly report.

II. Productivity enhancement demonstrations A range of productivity enhancement interventions such as introduction of high-yielding crop cultivars, use of quality seeds, improved agronomic practices and strengthening usage of organics in farming, integrated pest management demonstrations were promoted in the pilot sites across the four districts during kharif 2020. The integrated pest management demonstrations are being planned comprising usage of seed treatment chemicals to avoid seed borne diseases and pests; pheromone traps in paddy and pigeonpea for identification and mass trapping of insect pests. Efforts were made to enhance the farmer capacity in improved crop management practices. Altogether, 1932 field demonstrations were carried out. All the inputs required for these demonstrations were supplied by ICRISAT.

There was regular training and field visits by ICRISAT staffs, DPM as well as OLM staffs, partner institutions, SHG members and nearby farmers during crop growing period. All the demonstrations were successful and were appreciated by DPMs and other stakeholders. The crop cutting experiments are in progress and the results will be shared in the next report.

Table 9. Details of field demonstrations conducted in Nabarangpur during kharif 2020

Demonstration details

Best Sl Gram BN including Participato District Villages Crop IP bet No. Panchayats Micronutrien ry varietal M mgm ts evaluation t

Santoshpur 20 10 5 5 Paidapalli 20 10 5 5 Bhonsuli 20 10 5 5 Santoshpur Ghoda Dhanua 20 10 5 5 Kodabhatta 20 10 5 5 Janiguda 20 10 5 5 No. of Total (A) 120 60 30 30 villages=6 Nabarangp Padd 1 ur Temara y 20 10 5 5 Padargam 20 10 5 5 Temara Belputi 20 10 5 5 Churahandi 20 10 5 5 Kusumi 20 10 5 5 No. of Total (B) 100 50 25 25 villages=5 Grand total (A + Total 220 110 55 55 B) villages=11

Table 10. Details of field demonstrations conducted in Rayagada during kharif 2020

Details of demonstrations

Best BN including Participato Gram Panchayats Villages IP bet Crop Micronutrie ry varietal M mgm nts evaluation Sl t No. District Gumudi 14 Kumudabali Ladipanga 4 8 Singari 28 20 No. of Total (A) villages=3 Sananaringpan Jagdalpur ga 10 10 Baramahula 10 Bhuragaon Paddy 27 Jagdalpur 6 Saberinala 13 12 No. of Total (B) villages=5 Bhursikhamar 34 20 Patraguda Jamraguda 7 No. of Rayaga Total (C) 2 villages=2 da Grand Total Total Villages=

(A+B+C) 10 123 0 16 84 Karamohan 20 Kumudabali Khajuripadar 20 Ladipanga 3 No. of Total (A) villages=3 Fingermill Jagdalpur Solagudi 15 et No. of Total (B) villages=1 Bhursikhamar 4 Patraguda Dorabariguda 23 Khalaguda 15 No. of Total (C) villages=3 Grand Total Total Villages=

(A+B+C) 7 93 7

Table 11. Details of field demonstrations conducted in Koraput during kharif 2020 Details of demonstrations Participat BN ory Best including Crop varietal IPM bet Micronutri evaluatio mgmt Sl Distric Gram ents No. t Panchayats Villages n PATRA PUT 7 RAJBIDAI 2 SRIRAMPUT 14 RAJPUT RAJPUT 10 PODAGOD 10 MUKHIBIDAI 11 NO. OF TOTAL-A VIILAGES=6 PAKAJHOLA Pakajhola 20 NO. OF TOTAL-B PADDY VIILAGES=1 KUMBHARI 28 PUT PITAGUDA CHORIMALI 22 PUT PITA GUDA 12 NO. OF TOTAL-C 136 VIILAGES=3 Korap 3 TOTAL=A+B+ Total TOTAL ut C villages=10 136 ROSEIPUT 8 7 RAJBIDAI 52 RAJPUT PAKHNAPUT 14 6 PODAGOD 7 7 MUKHIBIDAI 17 6 NO. OF TOTAL-A 19 VIILAGES=6 FINGERMIL PITA GUDA PITA GUDA 2 11 LET (GPU- NO. OF TOTAL-B 28 AND VIILAGES=1 GPU-48) Alligoan 47 10 PAKAJHOLA Pakajhola 15 NO. OF TOTAL-C VIILAGES=2 KUNDULI PUNGAR 49 18 NO. OF TOTAL-D VIILAGES=1

Details of demonstrations Participat BN ory Best including Crop varietal IPM bet Micronutri evaluatio mgmt Sl Distric Gram ents No. t Panchayats Villages n TOTAL=A+B+ Total TOTAL TOTAL 215 C+D villages=10 80 ROSEIPUT 15 5 RAJPUT PAKHNAPUT 6 2 MUKHIBIDAI 21 6 NO. OF TOTAL-A VIILAGES=3 PITA GUDA PITA GUDA PIGEONPE 6 2 NO. OF A (ICPL- TOTAL-B VIILAGES=1 161) Pakajhola Alligoan 15 5 NO. OF TOTAL TOTAL-C Total 63 VIILAGES=1 20 TOTAL=A+B+ Total

C villages=5 PATRAPUT 3 RAJPUT PUJARIPUT PIGEONPE 10 MUKHIBIDAI A (PGR- 7 NO. OF 176) TOTAL TOTAL-A VIILAGES=3 20

Table 12. Details of field demonstrations conducted in Gajapati during kharif 2020 Details of demonstrations Participat Best BN including ory IP bet Crop Micronutrie Sl Distric varietal M mg nts No. t Gram Panchayats Villages evaluation mt Abarsing 13 6 5 Dambadiha 6 Abarsing Kandulu 15 Padamapur 5 Patrabasa 46 Gajapa No. of 4 Total (A) Paddy 79 ti villages= 5 12 5 Chheligarh 6 Kakili 8 Chheligarh Kulapathar 8 Sailanga 50 Tiligan 4 40

No. of Total (B) 66 villages=5 10 R. Udayagiri Antili(B) 4 No. of Total © 4 villages=1 Anukumpa 37 Bayaguda 23 Jiranga 8 Kankadaguda 33 Sabarapalli Lubursing 20 Patachanchad

a 27 31 sundaraba 39 Tikamala 23 14 Total (D) 68 8 27 6 Grand total (A + Total

B+C+D) villages=19 Abarsing 1 6 Abarsing Dambadiha 10 Kharipada 10 No. of Total (A) 1 villages=3 26 Jalara

(Talada) 24 Chheligarh Kulapathar 2 Munisingi 10 Patapani 15 Total Total (B) villages=4 51 R. Udayagiri Finger 24 (CT) millet Rumunda 12 R. Udayagiri Antili(A) 9 Anitli(B) 3 Budhisila 6 Total Total (C) 54 villages=5 Lubursing 1 8 Ramapur 6 Sabarapalli Tikamala 27 Munisingi Podasing 5 15 Grand total 300 145 1

 Visits to the demo fields and govt. representatives

Meetings with District Collector, Nabarangpur, as well as PD DRDA of remaining three districts were organized to explain to them the OLM-ICRISAT project. Further, these officials including DPM, BPM and OLM staff visited field demonstrations on regular basis. The visits helped and motivated the project team as and gave farmers confidence to adopt the new interventions. Further, regular capacity building programs organized at field level supported farmers in ensuring proper care of the crop by following required improved cultural practices.

Figure 37: Meeting with Collector and Figure 38: Scientific officer (ICRISAT) and District Magistrate of Nabarangpur NGO discuss kharif planning with DPM, district on 07 Jul 2020 to discuss OLM- Gajapati.

ICRISAT project activities.

Figure 39: District Project Manager visit Figure 40: Ms. Priyambada, DPM, Gajapati, during soil sampling on 23 May 2020 at visiting tomato (Arkarakshak variety) Padargam village, Temara GP, demonstration field, Patachanchada Kosagumuda block of Nabarangpur village, Sabarapalli GP district

Figure 41: Distribution of finger millet Figure 42: Distribution of paddy seeds, seeds along with zinc and boron in zinc and boron in Gumudi Village, Khalaguda Village, Rayagada Rayagada.

Figure 43: Distribution of zinc and boron Figure 44: Finger millet seed (GPU in Koraput. variety) and paddy (MTU-1001 variety) distribution to farmers.

Figure 45: Weeding in the paddy field Figure 46: Finger millet demo plot (of through cono weeder in Saberinala Ramesh Chandra nayak), Munusingi Village, Rayagada. village, Chheligarh GP, Gajapati.

Figure 47: Paddy crop with pheromone Figure 48: Crop cutting in paddy trap. demonstration, Nabarangpur.

 Rabi field demonstrations

In line with kharif demonstrations, efforts are being made to promoting science led proven technologies covering large number of households during rabi season of 2020-21. Farmers are being provided with different inputs and the details are being uploaded in MPro.

Table 13. Details of rabi demonstrations in progress across four districts

District : Nabarangpur Particular Inputs/Intervention in various crop demos s Seed INM IPM (variety Yello Chemicals Total ) w No. of stick Crop Zinc (dimethioate/Emamecti demo Humic Nee pads Pheromon Name Agribor Sulphat n benzoate/ s acid m Oil or e traps e water Fipronil 80 WDG)/ traps Agromin Max/ or Chlorantranilirpole)

Chickpea 110 385 385 385 385 55 385

Paddy - 55 55 55 55 - - - 55

Mustard 55 - - 55 55 - - - 55

Varietal details:

Chickpea: JAKI 9218/JG11; Mustard: Hytech Mustard 7701; 495 N.B. Line-sowing, use of seed dibbler, easy planter, nipping machine and seed treatment will be practiced suitably in all our demo plots

2. Koraput Particular Inputs/Intervention in various crop demos s

Seed INM IPM Total (variety Yellow Chemicals No. of Crop ) stick demo Zinc pads Name Humic Nee Pheromon (dimethioate/Emamecti s Agribor Sulphat or acid m Oil e traps n benzoate/ e water traps Fipronil 80 WDG)/

or Agromin Max) Paddy 100 100 - 100

Chickpea 25 25 25 25 25 - 25

Groundnu 20 20 20 20 - 20 t Mustard 100 100 - 100

Field pea 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Onion 100 100 100 Tomato 5 5 5 5 5 5 Cabbage 5 5 5 5 5 Chilli 5 5 5 5 5 5 Varietal details: Chickpea: JAKI 9218/JG11; Mustard: Hytech Mustard 7701; Field Pea: Rachna; Groundnut: ICGV91114; Tomato: Abhiral; Chilli: Guntur hub; Brinjal: Tarini/JK 460 N.B. Line-sowing, use of seed dibbler, easy planter, nipping machine and seed treatment will be practiced suitably in all our demo plots

3. Gajapati Particular Inputs/Intervention in various crop demos s

Seed INM IPM

(variety Yello Total Chemicals ) w No. of Crop stick demo Zinc (dimethioate/Emamecti Name Humic Nee pads Pheromon s Agribor Sulphat n benzoate/ acid m Oil or e traps e water Fipronil 80 WDG)/ traps Agromin Max/ or Chlorantranilirpole) Paddy - 200 200 200 200 - - - 200

Sunflower 10 20 20 20 - - - - 20

Mustard 100 - - 100 - - - - 100 Lentil 5 ------5 Tomato 5 - - 60 - - - 60 60 Chilli 5 - - 60 - - - 100 60 Brinjal 5 - - 60 - - - 60 60 Cabbage 5 - - 60 - - - 60 60 Varietal details:

Mustard: Hytech Mustard 7701; 565 N.B. Line-sowing, use of seed dibbler, easy planter, nipping machine and seed treatment will be practiced suitably in all our demo plots 46

4. Rayagada

Particular Inputs/Intervention in various crop demos s

Seed INM IPM Total (variety Yello Chemicals No. of w ) demo stick Crop Zinc (dimethioate/Emamecti s Humic Nee pads Pheromon Name Agribor Sulphat n benzoate/ acid m Oil or e traps e water Fipronil 80 WDG)/ traps Agromin Max/ or Chlorantranilirpole) Paddy - 200 200 200 200 - - - 200

Sunflower 10 ------10

Mustard 50 - - - 100 - - 50 Tomato 5 - - 60 60 - 60 60 Chilli 5 - - 60 60 60 60 60 Brinjal 5 - - 60 60 60 60 60 60 Cabbage 5 - - 60 - - 60 60 60

Field Pea 10 10 10 10 - - 10 10

Capsicum 10 - - 10 - - 10 10

Varietal details: Mustard: Hytech Mustard 7701; Field Pea: Rachna; 520 N.B. Line-sowing, use of seed dibbler, easy planter, nipping machine and seed treatment will be practiced suitably in all our demo plots Total number of demonstration of improved agricultural practice to augment livelihoods 2040

E. Cropping system diversification by promoting scientific vegetable cultivation ICRISAT has involved the World Vegetable Center to help support vegetable production in the targeted districts. The varied agro-climatic conditions of these districts are suitable for a variety of vegetables. The average productivity of vegetables in the state is 12.90 t/ha, slightly below the national average of 13.92 t/ha, and much lower than neighboring states (West Bengal 17.7 MT/ha, Bihar 18.5 MT/ha, Andhra Pradesh 18.1 MT/ha and Madhya Pradesh 20.4 MT/ha). There is potential for growing all types of tropical, sub-tropical and temperate vegetables. Sub-tropical and temperate vegetables, such as tomato, capsicum, cabbage and cauliflower, are grown during winter, and other tropical vegetables, such as brinjal, okra, cucumber, watermelon and gourds, are grown throughout the year. Some parts of Koraput district are growing the above mentioned sub-tropical vegetables during summer and monsoon as off-season vegetables. To enable production of vegetables throughout the year, we planned to focus on mapping the growing seasons, prevailing soil conditions, weather patterns and productivity gaps. The World Vegetable Centre aims to increase farm productivity, reduce post-harvest losses and increase farmers’ incomes through the introduction and promotion of improved vegetable production systems, adoption of simple post-harvest technologies and strengthening local capacity.

 Demonstration of modern nursery production practices To ensure supply of healthy and disease-free vegetable seedlings, farmers are encouraged to grow nursery seedlings in fields using low cost shed structures available. A total of 30 farmers will be raising approximately 35,000 seedlings of different solanaceous crops, viz., tomato, chilli and brinjal. In case of onion, five farmers have been identified and guided to raise a nursery for onion seedlings under field conditions on raised beds in order to obtain healthy and quality seedlings that are essential for quality onion production. A total of 1.5 lakh onion seedlings were produced for demonstrations in Koraput district.

 Introduction of improved vegetable varieties/cultivars Farmers in these districts belong to tribal communities and have been cultivating traditional varieties of vegetables for decades and have to contend with low yields, pest and disease incidence. In an effort to address these issues, demonstrations of high yielding and disease-resistant improved varieties of tomato, chilli, brinjal and onion are planned with more emphasis on its scientific cultivation.

 Demonstration of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)

During the Kharif season, 45 vegetable production demonstration were conducted in Koraput, Nabarangpur and Rayagada for chilli, tomato and brinjal (each crop five demonstrations/district). GAPs like raising seedlings in portrays, land preparation, fertilizer application, irrigation schedule, foliar nutrients application, weed management, pest and disease identification, integrated pest and disease management, safety measures and personal protection equipment were demonstrated to participating farmers. However, due to adverse climatic conditions, few demonstration plots were damaged in Nabarangpur and Koraput.

Figure 49: Demonstration of Good Agricultural Practices during Kharif season

The plan for Rabi season vegetable demonstration has been finalized in the respective project areas. The selection of the beneficiaries has been completed already and required inputs for the Rabi season demonstrations have been procured. Seed sowing is ongoing in all project districts. Table 14. Demonstration plan for Rabi season S.No. District Activity Name of crop No. Of demos Size of demo Chilli 15 400 m2 GAP Brinjal 15 400 m2 1 Nabarangpu demonstration Tomato 15 400 m2 r Onion 22 1000 2 Mulching Tomato 20 400 m2 Chilli 8 400 m2 GAP Brinjal 8 400 m2 2 Koraput demonstration Tomato 9 400 m2 Onion 20 1000 2 Mulching Tomato 20 400 m2 Chilli 8 400 m2 GAP Brinjal 8 400 m2 3 Rayagada demonstration Tomato 9 400 m2 Onion 20 1000 2 Mulching Tomato 20 400 m2

Figure 50: Selection of Rabi season beneficiaries.

Figure 51: Rabi season seed sowing in portrays.

 Master training on nursery management

The World Vegetable Center provided two virtual master trainings for healthy soil-less seedling production and maintenance of nursery during Kharif and Rabi seasons. The trainings were conducted virtually on 15 July 2020 and 28 October 2020. Participants in the trainings were project beneficiaries, NGO staff, ICRISAT and WorldVeg OLM project staff.

Figure 52: Master training on healthy soil-less seedling production.

 Technical advices by project staff

The project team were actively involved in providing technical advisories to project beneficiaries through field visits, WhatsApp and phone calls. The technical advice on package of practices include raising of soil-less seedling, development of temporary nursery structures, seed sowing, preparation of seed beds for onion, irrigation schedule, foliar nutrient application, pest and disease identification and IPM measures for tomato, chilli and brinjal.

Figure 53: WorldVeg staff providing technical advice to the beneficiaries.

 Training on raising soil less seedlings WorldVeg staff provided training in development of temporary nursery structures and raising soil less seedlings to project beneficiaries in Koraput, Rayagada and Nabrangpur district. As farmers are directly involved in nursery production of vegetable seedlings, a virtual training programme, ‘Soilless seedling production of tomato, chilli and brinjal’, was organized for NGO partners, project staff and the identified demo farmers on 15 July 2020. The topics covered during the trainings were development of temporary nursery structures, soaking and drying of coco peat, mixing of potting mixture, filling of portrays, seed sowing, irrigation schedule and plant protection measure.

Table. 15. Development of temporary nursery structures and raising soil less seedlings trainings. S. Date Place Block/District No. of Participants Total No. Male Female 1 28-10-2020 Mali Pungar, Similiguda/Koraput 0 8 8 GP: Kunduli 2 26-10-2020 Churahandi, Kosagumuda/ 16 2 18 GP:Temra Nabarangpur

Figure 54: Training in development of temporary nursery structures and raising soil less seedlings.

 Establishment of nursery structures and solar dryers The quotations and designs of nursery structures and solar dryers have been already sought from different vendors and the installation will start very soon. iv. Enhancing nutritional security through homestead nutri-gardening

Homestead nutri-gardening is being promoted to ensure that crop choices are aligned with addressing under nutrition and other diet related issues. To achieve this, 500 mini kits of nine nutritious vegetable seeds per district were supplied during kharif 2020 across all four districts. Similarly, household consumption of these vegetables are being promoted to ensure a range of nutritious foods in the diet that will go a long way in reducing malnutrition among vulnerable individuals of all ages, with special focus on women and children.

F. Refurbishment of common facility centres (CFC) with suitable low-cost equipment based on the demand assessment report

a. Assessing capacity of CFCs available at block level Shortage of farm workforce prevents farmers from carrying out important field activities at appropriate time. In a prevailing situation of shortage, farmers need to pay higher daily wages when workforce becomes available. Shortage not only increases agricultural expenses but could also reduce crop yield. Low cost equipment have several advantages over manual operations carried out by labour. Thus, this shortage can be addressed by introducing low cost equipment, which reduce drudgery and efficiency of farmers, and ultimately results in reduced cost of cultivation and increased crop yield. It is important to note that four districts (Koraput, Rayagada, Gajapati and Nabarangpur) are tribal districts and farmers are not economically sound to bear large expenses for agriculture. Therefore, these issues and advantages were considered while formulating the project and introduction of low cost equipment was included in the Work Package. The activities under WP 3 is addressed in consultation with respective district’s DPMs by strengthening/establishing Community Facility Centers (CFCs) in OLM-ICRISAT project sites. An assessment study was conducted across all pilot sites in six districts with the help of respective DPMs and OLM field staffs. The availability details of tools and implements across the CFCs were collected and suggestions pertaining to their refurbishment from DPMs, BPMs and village level functionaries were discussed.

Figure 55: Snapshot of CFCs in OLM-ICRISAT project site.

Initially, details of stock of the facilities and machinery available across Koraput, Rayagada, Gajapati were collected. Nabarangpur district pilot site does not have any CFC within pilot sites and DPM is looking at identifying suitable SHGs for strengthening them with low cost equipment. Details of machinery at CFCs in respective districts are given below in Table 16. It is planned to involve progressive SHGs in project sites for refurbishment of CFCs. ICRISAT provided low cost implements (Table 17) to NGO partners and few implements would be provided for demonstration purposes to progressive SHGs for field use through CFCs. Demonstrations with low cost implements would covers around 1500 HHs in targeted project sites. ICRISAT would help district OLM officials in the identification of useful implements and their use. ICRIAST would also support OLM district officials in the procurement of implements from reliable and authorized sources with available funds in existing OLM schemes.

Table 16. Details of machineries available in CFCs of Koraput, Rayagada and Gajapati districts in OLM-ICRISAT project sites

Unit Sr. No Name of items (No/Set) Semiliguda Block, Koraput 1 Samaya Motors PVT.LTD. Power Tiller (ST960 Walking) 3 2 Case Wheel for Power tiller 3 3 USHA HONDA 3.1HP Kerosene Pump set (Unk2520B) 3 4 USHA 3.4HP DISEL Pump set (Jal yan2520) 3 5 USHA MANUAL Sprayer 12 6 Pedal Paddy Treasure (Double Gear) 3 7 Hand winner 3 8 Digital weighing Machine (1Qtl) 3 9 Cone weeder 6 10 Mandau weeder 6 11 USHA Battery sprayer 6 12 Seed drum 3 13 Cycle mounted weeder (Ragi) 6 14 Castrator 36 15 Water pump (Pipe-2set) 2 Refrigerator for preservation of vaccine (Samsung 16 1 192Ltr) Muniguda block, Rayagada 1 Power Paddy Thresher 3 2 Manual Paddy Thresher 5 3 Soil test kit with Reagent 3 4 2 HP hand Pump with accessories 3 5 Wheel finger weeder 4 6 Dryland weeder 8 7 Seed treating drum 2 8 Mandava Weeder 30 9 Power tiller 3 10 Digital Weighing Machine 2 11 Manual Sprayer 15 12 SRI maker 30 13 Manual Hand winnower 7 14 Hand power weeder 2 15 Power paddy cutter 4 16 Battery Sprayer 2 17 Hand Cultivator 10 18 Garden Hoe 10 19 Khurupa 15 20 Garden spade 10 21 Plastic sickle wooden 20

22 Wooden sickle 10 23 Auger 10 R. Udayagiri block, Gajapati 1 Vegetable seed extracting machine 2 2 Seed treating Drum 4 3 Maize sheller 4 4 2.5 hp water pump 2 5 Power sprayer 2 6 2 in 1 battery sprayer 4 7 3 in 1 combined rice mill 2 8 Power weeder 5 hp 2 9 Paddy reaper 2 10 Power tiller 1 b. Introducing Low-cost machineries

Low cost machinery was provided to reduce drudgery for farmers. Low cost implements viz., easy planters (80 units), seed dibblers (100 units), nipping machines (65 units) and chipper and shredder machine (6) were provided in six districts’ project sites under OLM-ICRISAT project during kharif 2020. The details of implements provided in respective districts is presented in Table 17.

Table 17 Details of low-cost tools introduced across project districts during kharif 2020

Chipper and Seed dibbler Nipping Easy Planters Sr. No. District Shredder (No.) machine (No.) (No.) Machine (No.)

1 Koraput 20 20 20 1 2 Rayagada 20 25 20 1 3 Gajapati 20 15 20 1 4 Nabarangpur 20 5 20 1 5 Puri 10 0 0 1 6 Khorda 10 0 0 1 Grand Total 100 65 80 6

 Seed dibblers: Seed dibbler is a handy equipment used for manual sowing of medium and bold seeded crops. It is used to dibble seeds of groundnut, chickpea, maize, pigeonpea, cotton, soybean and castor. Crop specific seed rollers need to fixed inside the dibbler. Seed in seed dibbler is filled using a seed bowl. Seed dibbler needs to be held vertically and some force applied to insert the

seed dropping pointer inside the soil to dibble seed. Capacity of seed dibbler is about 5 kg, depending on type and seed size.

Figure 56: Seed dibbler for manual sowing Figure 57: A women farmer using seed of bold seeded crops. dibbler for gap filling.

Advantages:  Seed dibbler is a useful tool for sowing/gap filling.  Crop specific seed rollers carry only one seed in each groove and drop one seed per hill. Thus, seed dibblers maintain recommended seed rate and thereby curtail extra costs other incurred for seed purchase.  Depth of seeding/seed placement can be adjusted according to crop.  It reduces the number of people involved during sowing/gap filling and reduces labour cost by 30-40% when compared to traditional sowing/gap filling.  It consists of an adjustable pointer to maintain appropriate spacing between plants.  Seed in seed dibbler is filled using seed bowl which prevents outside spilling of seeds.  One person could carry out sowing/gap filling in 1 ha area in 8 hours.  Seed dibbler is suitable for varied climatic and soil conditions.  Less maintenance is required owing to simple equipment parts.  It is a very useful equipment for sowing chickpea post rains in fallow regions of Odisha state.

 Nipping machines: The removal of terminal buds, top shoots or apical buds is known as nipping/topping. A nipping machine is a low cost device which is a modified low volume sprayers attached with a surgical blade for nipping.  Nipping is mostly practiced in pigeonpea, chickpea and cotton cultivation. Nipping in pigeonpea and cotton is advisable twice during cultivation; first at knee-high stage (depending on crop duration) and second at 15-20 days after first nipping. In chickpea, nipping is practiced during early stage of crop growth.  Nipping is not recommended at flowering.  Nipping machine is a dual-purpose machine used for nipping/topping and spraying.

 Nipping machines are operated using 12 or 6 Ah rechargeable battery which lasts long on one charge. One person can complete nipping of 1 ha cropped area in 8 working hours.

Figure 58: Nipping machine, its parts and a farmer nipping pigeonpea.

Nipping machine parts:  Nipping machine is provided with 12/6 Ah rechargeable battery, battery charger and surgical blades which are fixed to a rotating motor at the end of a metal rod.  Positive and negative plugs of the motor need to connect with similar plugs of rechargeable battery. Nipping machine starts with On-Off switch fixed at one end of metal rod. Advantage of nipping:  Nipping in crop induces more number of secondary and tertiary branches with dense foliage which intercept more sunlight and enhance photosynthesis. This contributes to increased number of pod bearing branches and increased grain yield per plant. Precautions:  Switch Off the button before connecting the motor plugs to battery.  Nipping machine is fixed with sharp surgical blades; hence operate it carefully.

 Easy planters Easy transplanter is a low-priced equipment used to transplant seedlings from nursery portrays to field condition. It is a farmer-friendly and light weight tool used to transplant seedlings of many vegetables such as tomato, brinjal, chilli and cucurbitaceous crops. Easy transplanter is also used to transplant seedlings of pigeonpea. Manual transplanting of seedlings in large areas and on a commercial scale is an expensive and labour-intensive operation. Moreover, transplanting of seedlings with the help of labours does not result in recommended plant population compared to mechanical transplanters. To overcome these problems, easy transplanter was developed for planting various vegetable seedlings.

Figure 59: Easy planter and its demonstration while transplanting seedlings.

Parts of Easy Planter

 Easy transplanter has four parts - hopper, clutch, seedling delivery tube and jaw mouth.  Hopper is used to put optimum age seedling in the transplanter.  Seedling reaches the jaw mouth at the bottom end through seedling delivery tube.  Apply some force from upper portion (hopper) of equipment to insert the equipment into the soil and press the clutch.  Seedling is released at an appropriate depth in the soil through a hole created by the jaw mouth. Slowly pull out the transplanter while keeping the jaw mouth open.

Advantages:  Owing to appropriate placement of seedlings inside the soil, seedling survival rate is high when done with Easy Transplanter as compared to traditional transplant.  Seedlings are placed at desired soil depth and roots are completely covered with soil while pulling out the transplanter.  It maintains desired plant spacing, recommended plant population and allows a plant to utilize resources (nutrients, sunlight and soil moisture) efficiently.  Transplanting of seedlings is easy and fast using Easy Transplanter, which reduces labour expenditure and transplant time by about 50 percent compared to traditional method.  It increases the work efficiency, reduces drudgery and provides comfortable working posture while transplanting seedlings.

 Introduction of shredder machine for size reduction and installation: The Chipper and Shredder machine is used to shred crop residue, woody plant material and make it suitable for composting. It is especially useful for coconut shells and woody plant material such as coconut leaf of 20 ft length for size reduction of biomass. The Chipper and

Shredder machine with hardened alloy steel cutting blades easily shred stalks of pigeonpea, cotton, maize, sorghum, gliricidia and tree branches of 5-inch diameter. This shredded material is used for aerobic composting, vermicomposting and mulching. Utility: Crop residue is required in small pieces for fast and easy decomposition. Chipper and Shredder machine is an efficient implement that easily transforms raw material (crop residue) into ready to use material for composting. This crop residue is easily and quickly recycled into valuable organic fertilizer which can be effectively applied in fields. This compost is rich in macro and micro nutrients and cuts down the fertilizer costs. Depending on the speed of biomass feeding, this machine can shred biomass with very high speed @ 0.8-1 ton per hour. Depending on the requirement, the machine can be shifted from one place to another with the help of a tractor. Benefits of composting using Chipper and Shredder machine: Crop residues contain valuable plant nutrients. Vermicomposting of farm residues effectively recycles nutrients and helps reduce chemical fertilizers expenses when attempting to fulfil crop’s nutrient requirement.

Figure 60: Demonstration of Chipper and Shredder machine. Requirements:

 The Chipper and Shredder machine (CS50T Model) is a tractor mounted model and operated by connecting the PTO shaft to the tractor.

 The machine requires a minimum tractor power of 25 hp for smooth functioning and can be operated by any tractor except Mitsubishi and Kubota tractors.

Procedure for installation of shredder machine

 The shredder’s PTO connector has to be connected to the PTO output on the tractor, which is on the tractor’s back near the 3-point linkage  For smooth operation, apply grease before connecting the PTO shaft.

 Before starting the tractor, change the sieves located on the shredder machine near the outlet. The sieves come in different sizes and the choice of size depends on the size we need to feed cattle.  Adjusting level for feeding from the hopper or top of the shredder.  After setting up, start the tractor with PTO power output. Keep the tractor steady.

Durability

 Whole body of the machine is made up of 5mm thick MS plate to make it strong and last long.

 Hardened alloy steel cutting blades and dynamically balanced rotor blades give a long life to bearings and PTO shaft.

Precautions

 One should not stand near PTO shaft and in front of the outlet while the machine is being operated. The tractor clutch should be operated smoothly for proper drive belt and rotor movement.

 If the rotor stalls, the material near outlet should be cleared. Regular clearing of the material near outlet is a good practice. Otherwise, the shredded material will block the machine outlet and stall the rotor.

 The sharpness of blades should be checked regularly because dull blades will result in low performance of the machine and force it draw more power for the operation.

 The drive belts should be checked regularly for their tightness; loose belts will result in dull blade rotation.

 Green biomass and wet biomass should not be fed into the machine. Such kinds of biomass would bypass the blades and wrap around them, hampering the rotor.

In order to increase availability of compost in the field, we introduced six tractor-operated shredder machines in the six districts to chop agricultural residues which can then be easily used for compost preparation. We plan to provide 500 packets of Microbial culture to interested farmers and conduct capacity building programs to teach them the complete procedure for adopting this process. ICRISAT provided one tractor-operated shredder machine. G. ‘Plantix’ - A digital tool for plant protection

Background ICRISAT in collaboration with PEAT has customized a plant pest and disease identification app for Indian crops. PEAT is a German start-up working in software development for agriculture. PEAT developed a software for automated detection of plant damage – including diseases,

pests and nutrient deficiencies. This software uses image recognition and machine learning to detect optical damage symptoms on plants and delivers the result to farmers to support them in an informed disease management for profitable and sustainable agriculture. PEAT built the software into a mobile application called Plantix which allows farmers and extension officials to detect damages timely and precisely from a smartphone picture. These pictures are geo-tagged and useful for real time pest monitoring and disease related decision making by stakeholders. Plantix app is free for households/ farmers/ any end user and has been successfully demonstrated in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana and Karnataka.

Plantix app features The main objective of Plantix is to help farmers in automated detection of plant damage that occurs during a crop season. The identification process includes determination of plant diseases, pests and nutrient deficiencies following which necessary crop management recommendations that include symptoms, triggers, biological and chemical control measures to reduce yield loss are made. A picture of the plant damage needs to be uploaded by the farmer The image is then processed by deep neural networks (DNN) using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms to detect disease in a couple of seconds based on mobile connectivity. Furthermore, Plantix provides complementary features like crop specific farming practices, recommendations or direct linkage to quality inputs to empower smallholder farmers with timely, holistic and science-backed advisories that enhance crop productivity (fig.1). All these features are developed based on feedback received from farmers and scientific experts from ICAR institutes and State Agricultural Universities in India.

1. Automated pest/disease warnings: Data collected through Plantix images are geo-time tagged. This data helps Plantix warn farmers about possible occurring diseases in real time via push notifications that analyse diseases within a radius of 50km. 2. Digital library: Farmers can look up more than 600 plant damages, and arranged according to respective growth phases in which they occur. This feature is available in offline mode so that farmers can have it even in remote locations without mobile connectivity. 3. Community interaction: When a farmer wants to know more about the disease or learn about how their problem is being addressed by fellow farmers, they can initiate a conversation that enables cross learning and discussion of all agricultural stakeholders. It is an interactive and global forum to share the best practices and seek help from others for problems. 4. Crop calendar-advisory: A complete agronomical guide right from sowings to harvest involving seed rate, fertilizer requirements, weeding, irrigation and plant protection are provided to the individual farmer based on the sowing date provided for the specific crop. Crops like rice, groundnut, cotton, wheat, maize, tomato, millets, sorghum, okra, capsicum, cucumber, chickpea and other vegetables are available. 5. Fertilizer calculator: A general crop based tool to calculate seasonal fertilizer needs based on crop area is available with multiple options for farmers. A schedule of application is

also suggested as per recommendations for individual crop. 6. Weather forecast: A 5-day forecast of weather variables, temperature, wind, humidity and rainfall along with other parameters specific to the field location, are provided to farmers. There are hints for agronomical management practices like weeding, spraying and other agricultural actions. These are farmer-specific based on their geo-location.

Figure 61: Main features of Plantix app

Customization of Plantix in Odia language This work has been undertaken by Plantix team to suit the requirements of local farmers and users in the state of Odisha. The user interface and user experience is extended with the help of local language as the comfort level of semi-literate and literate farmers is higher in their native language than in Hindi or English. This was evident from experiences in other states of India. There is potential to make the free app available to more users when it is easy to use. Hence, this endeavour was undertaken to benefit smallholder farmers in OLM project areas. A screenshot is placed below as it appears when a user opens Plantix app (Figure 2).

Figure 62: Screenshot where the user selects Odia language to enable Plantix.

Progress Plantix can now identify 500 pests, diseases or nutrient deficiencies encompassing 35 popular crops grown in Odisha. Translation of Plantix into Odia language was undertaken since the inception of the project. It is now reported that translation work has been completed successfully and now available in the Google Play store. The user has to select Odia after downloading the app, which is offered in 18 languages immediately after opening.

Remote trainings First remote training on android app Plantix was conducted to 27 staff of the ICRISAT Development Centre on 28 October 2020. Participants included State project coordinator Dr. Gajanan and district project coordinators Drs. Rohan, Pushpajeet, Aviraj, Rajesh, scientific officers and research technicians from six Odisha districts, Nabarangpur, Koraput, Rayagada, Gajapathi, Khordha and Puri under the Odisha Livelihoods Mission.

Event launch of Plantix A remote virtual event for launch in Odisha state was planned on 12 November by the Addl. CEO of Odisha Livelihood Mission. It was attended by more than 57 participants from the state and district teams in Odisha. This includes District Project Managers and the Block Development teams from the six districts. All the field project staff and ICRISAT headquarter staff participated in the event launch, which was followed up with a training session and demonstration of Plantix application (remote training). A snapshot of the launch by Dr. Babita, Addl. CEO, OLM, can be seen in Fig 3. Online launch picture (Figure 4) and participants in the training session that followed the launch for all the officials is in Figure 6.

Figure 63: Launch speech of Dr. Babita, Add. CEO of OLM

Figure 64: Launch presentation of Plantix app in the presence of Addl. CEO, OLM, on 12 November 2020.

Figure 65: Presentation and demonstration of Plantix after the launch with ICRISAT and OLM staff

H. Establishment of appropriate processing equipment (ready-to-cook dry mix processing line and bakery line) to enable localized processing of nutri-food products

Agribusiness and Innovation Platform (AIP) of ICRISAT has expertise in stimulating an entrepreneurial ecosystem in agriculture by opening new avenues for farmers by providing value addition opportunities to farmer groups and linking them directly to markets. The Work Package 7 is being targeted by AIP to cover activities towards value addition of farm produce through entrepreneurial skill development/capacity building of rural women and youth and looking at probable site for establishment of Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) certified and licensed processing units as sites of learning.

Project Location Puri, Khorda and Koraput districts of Odisha have been identified as locations for project implementation. Scoping study-based need assessment is in progress to guide proposed activities duly considering local cultural practices, traditional diets and market demand. Puri and Khorda districts of Odisha have been identified for coconut based interventions while Koraput district has been chosen for millet based interventions.

Intervening activities undertaken

a. Designing Baseline study The baseline study aims to understand the existing value chain, gap or opportunities as part of establishing primary and secondary processing centres for coconut (Puri & Khorda) and millet (Koraput) based on the demand for value added products. The study targets:

 Survey farmers, traders, processors, retailers and village level aggregators to learn the market chain of coconuts/millets after harvesting.  Survey of consumers and retailers to comprehend current market trends of coconut/millets value added products and customer preferences which in turn aids in identifying products in demand. The number of individuals to be surveyed in each target group for each value chain (coconut and millet) is given below in Table 18.

Table 18: Sample size for target group SI Target group Proposed sample size 1 Farmers 120 2 Processors 10-30 3 Traders 30 4 Village Level Aggregators 10-30 5 Urban 120 Consumers

Rural 120

6 Retailers Urban 120

Rural 120

For the farmers’ survey, a sample size has been randomly selected according to the number of households in each gram panchayat. This is shown in Table 19.

Table 19: Household and Sample size for baseline study House- holds Sample District Block Gram Panchayats Villages (HHs) Size Coconut chain: Puri and Khorda Rupadeipur Rupadeipur 1071 Pipli 20 Teisipur Nirmala 239 Puri Sadar Biranarasinghpur Biranarasinghpur 736 Birapratapur Dolagobindapur 365 20

Sriramchandrapur Sriramchandrapur 1529

Puri Biramchandrapur Biramchandrapur 848 Dugala 311 Satyabadi Dugala 20 Biragobindapur 664

Nimapada Balanga Balanga 1320 20 Bamanal Bamanal 333 Total 7 10 7416 80 Jhintisasan Jhintisasan 847 Khorda Balianta 20 Purunapradhan Bodhakhandi 555

Turintira Narada 526 Balipatna Kurunjipur Badala Sasan 537 20 Nariso Nariso 1035 Total 5 5 3500 40 Millet value chain: Koraput Pitaguda Charagram Kumbhariput 465 Pitaguda 50 Jaganpur

Kunduli Pungar Sirimoda 555 42 Kunduli Aligan Koraput Semiliguda Pakajhola Mania 1385 59 Nuaput Lunguri Rajaput Kangara Sriramput Rajaput Mukhibedei 1095 56 Rajabedei Roseiput Podagada Chalanput Pakhanput Badigaon TOTAL 4 21 3500 207

The following are considered while collecting baseline data: o Random sampling has been carried out for selecting the number of households and only the head of the family will be surveyed. o A discrete questionnaire has been prepared for each different target group. o The collection of survey data shall be done through questionnaires. o Data will be collected through verbal questioning. o Consumers in both urban and rural areas are considered for data collection. o Data on marketing trends in millet value-added products in the market will be collected by surveying retailers. The data from retailers should be collected where the sales of value-added products are high. b. Ethical clearance for the baseline study As a mandate and to set accountability for research, a consent was sought from participants of the survey. The ethical clearance (No.IEC-ICRISAT/20200303/03) was also sought from the ICRISAT ethical clearance committee for research involving humans.

Brief note on mid-term progress report of baseline survey Due to COVID-19 pandemic, a nationwide lockdown limited data collection activity. Therefore, in April 2020, a preliminary market study was undertaken to identify the processing industry’s status in the locality and the type of processed food products that are being consumed locally using secondary data available. It was found that farmers in Puri and Koraput district cultivate paddy, moong dal and vegetables like pumpkin, chilli, okra and a few other local crops. It was noticed that farmers generally do not use their produce for value addition but sell it to local vendors and farmers’ societies. The dietary pattern in households suggests rice and dal are staple foods. Value-added products like biscuits, bread, papad and sattu are widely consumed. Britannia, Patanjali, Ruchi and Manna are the dominant market players. As Government of Odisha is encouraging households to include millets for production and consumption, millet based products are to be considered. Through the revive millets program, a flagship programme “Special Programme for Promotion of Millets in Tribal Areas” has been launched by the Department of Agriculture and Farmers Empowerment, Odisha. Programme intends to revive millets in rainfed farming systems and boost household consumption (http://www.milletsodisha.com/). It is suggested to set up dry mix processing line and bakery line. AIP-ICRISAT has partnered with NIRMAN, a local NGO in Odisha, to conduct baseline survey. Scoping study was initiated from October 2020. According to the mid-term progress report of baseline survey the provisional indications received are summarised below:

Table 20. Crops grown and industries / processing units located in the project area District Crops grown Industries / Processing Units located

Puri Paddy One coconut oil processing unit.

Koraput Paddy, finger millet, little millet One coconut oil processing and pigeon pea unit and two millet processing units.

 In coconut-based livelihood region  The major processed coconut product was de-husked coconut.  Stakeholders have no knowledge of virgin coconut oil and desiccated coconut powder.  The only processing unit of importance seems to be one ORMAS-supported traditional coconut oil (handmade) making unit.  In a few places, coconut oil mills were found.  In the corner stores of villages, coconut laddu was the major value-added product.  Coir products are the major commercial by-product of coconut in Puri district

 Local production of coconut is insufficient in the region and hence, traders ensure supply from southern states.

 Millet-based livelihood region  Most commonly cultivated crop in Koraput was finger millet followed by little millet.  Local processing unit is limited only to de-husking, cleaning and flour making of millets.  Sprouted ragi powder is one of the prominent products used locally.  Stakeholders are hardly aware of advanced millet products such as millet flakes or millet-based instant idli-dosa batter, etc.  But an exception is the Jagannath temple in Koraput, which reportedly has its own counter of millet-based (ragi-based) rasagulla and pakoda, etc.  Ragi cookies are sold in a few retailer shops.

 Photographs of processing unit and products:

Figure 66: Coir by-product unit.

Figure 67: Primary processing of little millet (Rajaput, GP).

Figure 68: Locally sold millet products (flour and ragi laddu)

 Development of millet and sorghum-based food products The following food products lines are proposed to be established from locally available ingredients. i. Dry mix line (Ready-to-Cook (RTC) Jowar Meal, Multigrain Meal, Multigrain Sweet Meal, extruded snacks, etc.) ii. Bakery line (Nutri-cookies and related bakery products) In this regard, a few of the products have been conceptualized and formulated by NutriPlus Knowledge (NPK) programme of AIP ICRISAT to deliver nutrition (adequate amounts of energy, protein, fat and micronutrients) when consumed and also ensuring long shelf life and better nutrition. The shortlisted food products will be customized after initial consumer study/tasting in the target population in consultation with OLM. The ingredients of the shortlisted products are given in Table 21.

Table 21: Prototyped product details S.No Products Ingredients

1. Dry mix products

1a Jowar Meal Jowar, Bengal gram, groundnut, cumin, red chilli, mustard, curry leaves and salt

1b Multigrain Meal Jowar, foxtail millet, green gram, curry leaf, cumin, salt, red chilli, pepper, coriander and sugar

1c Multigrain sweet meal Jowar, wheat, jaggery, sugar, almond, raisins, vegetable fat, cardamom and curcumin

2 Bakery Line products

Nutri-cookies Barley, ragi, sorghum, soy, butter, sugar, custard powder, cinnamon and ammonia.

 Development of coconut based products The following are the coconut based products shortlisted. Based on the results of survey, the processing units will be established for selected products:  Desiccated coconut powder  Virgin coconut oil  Coconut chips  Coconut laddu  Coconut shell by-products

 Identification of processing lines for select food products and list of manufacturers available Apart from establishing processing units for shortlisted products, primary processing unit (cleaning grains) focused on major and minor millets is also considered. Table 22 gives the details of processing line (products, production capacity and the machinery).

Table 22: Millet processing line details with capacities S.No Processing Products Production Machinery Line capacity

1 Millet Clean grains 1000 kg per day i. Millet mill processing (major and minor (@125 kg per hr; 8 ii. Grader cum aspirator millets) hrs. per day) iii. Bulk packing machine (25 to 50 kg) iv. Retail packing machine (VFFS) (Up to 2 kg)

2 Dry mix Ready to Cook 1000 kg per day i. Destoner cum grader cum processing line (RTC) Jowar Meal, (@125 kg per hr.; aspirator Multigrain Meal, 8 hrs. per day) ii. Roaster Multigrain Sweet iii. Millet dehusker Meal iv. Grader cum aspirator v. Millet rawa maker vi. Flour shifter vii. Flour blender (Roto cone) viii. Retail packing machine (VFFS)

3 Bakery line Nutri-cookies 450 kg per day (@ i. Flour mill (Pulveriser) 60 kg per hr.; 8 ii. Flour sifter hrs. per day) iii. Planetary mixer iv. Cookie machine v. Rotatory rack oven vi. Movable cookie racks vii. Cookie flow-wrap packing machine

 Development of parameters and checklist for processing unit location identification The following are the factors considered for site selection:  Easy access  Site should be near main road (approachable road)  Preferably, site should be close to the farming community  Good quality water supply, 3 phase electricity (with dedicated transformer), labour should be available close to the site  In rainy season flood should not affect the site  The site should not be near obnoxious industries or near blasting sites  The site should be close to consumer markets  Availability of a building/shed at the site with the above mentioned criteria needs to be explored. To identify the location for setting up a processing facility, parameters such as space, electricity, water and manpower are to be considered. Details of each parameter are given in Table 23.

Table 23: Parameters for setting up processing facilities Floor space required (sq.ft.)

S.NO. Processing lines Capacity Machine Movement Total (kg/day) and Handling

1 Millet primary processing 1000 700 800 1500 line

2 Dry Mix (Ready-to-Cook 1000 1000 1000 2000 Product) Processing Unit

3 Bakery line (Nutri-cookies) 450 700 500 1200

Electricity requirement: Electrical load (Kw) *

S.NO. Processing lines Capacity Machine Lighting and Total (kg/day) other

1 Millet primary processing 1000 12 3 15 line

2 Dry Mix (Ready-to-Cook 1000 20 4 24 Product) Processing Unit

3 Bakery line (Nutri-cookies) 450 16 4 20

*Required 3 Phase industrial connection with dedicated transformer

Water Requirement: Portable Water Consumption (lit/day for 8 hr. work shift)

S.NO. Processing lines Capacity Processing Cleaning and Total (kg/day) purpose other purpose

1 Millet primary processing 1000 0 200 200 line

2 Dry Mix (Ready-to-Cook 1000 2500 500 3000 Product) Processing Unit

3 Bakery line (Nutri-cookies) 450 1500 1500 3000

Manpower Requirement

S.NO. Processing lines Capacity *SKILLED/ UNSKILLED/ (kg/day) OPERATOR WORKER (No/day for 8 hr. (No/day for 8 prod) hr. prod)

1 Millet primary processing 1000 line **4 8

2 Dry Mix (Ready to Cook- RTC 1000 Product) Processing Unit **4 8

3 Bakery line (Nutri cookies) 450 **4 8

FSSAI *Employ at least one technical person to supervise the production process. The requir person supervising the production process shall possess at least a degree in science ement with chemistry/biochemistry/food and nutrition/microbiology or a degree or diploma in food technology/dairy technology/dairy microbiology/dairy chemistry /dairy engineering/oil technology/veterinary science/hotel management and catering technology or any degree or diploma in any other discipline related to specific requirements of the business from a recognized university or institute or equivalent organization. As per FSSAI norms medical fitness certificate for food handlers needed **Quality control manager, Production supervisor, Electrician and Fitter

Report on site identification for establishing millet processing unit at Koraput district  Sanabadinga near Janiguda, Semiliguda block was considered for setting up millet processing in Koraput. At the location, three buildings belonging to the Agriculture Department were inspected. One of the three buildings was recommended with few modifications.

 Building Location: Sanabadinga, near Janiguda, block- Semiliguda, Koraput-District

 Observations:

Three buildings within one compound belonging to the Agriculture Department was shown to the visiting team. The first building is being used for seed processing and not suitable for processing unit. Second building was unused for more than two years. Machinery from this building was shifted to the first building two years ago. Third building is defunct building and not usable. The detailed inspection report on identified building presented below.  Identified building  This is a west facing building.  Area of the building is about 2500 sq.ft.  The second building is few meters away from the first one. This building was housing agro-processing units which have now been shifted to the first building.  The building has not unused since two years. As it is unused, there is wear and tear.  The building, a 20-year plus structure, looks better compared to the first one (which is approximately 30 years old).  There is no compound wall for this building  The approach road and area around the building is covered with thick shrubs.  At first glance, there appears to be no major damage to the building except a few cracks on wall.  Plinth looks intact.  It was informed that there are no termites in this area. Nevertheless anti-termite treatment shall be advised.  It was also informed there are rats are a menace (anti-rodent traps to be installed) in the area.  Roof sheets have to be removed.  Trusses and purloins are corroded (to be replaced) as water seepage was detected in the building.  The inner walls have repair patches which is evident from the colour difference.  It looks like there is no major damage to the floor. However, repairs may be required.

Figure 69: Approach road to the shed, Figure 70: Entrance to the shed. West side. covered with shrubs.

Figure 71: One more view for the entrance. Figure 72: Extended view with There are no windows seen. shrubs, thick vegetation.

Figure 73: Thick vegetation all around. Distant Figure 74: Plinth level at +300mm. view from the third shed.

Figure 75: View of trusses and walls. Figure 76: View of the floor. Figure 57: Photos of the selected building for establishing the processing unit.

 Recommendation

Out of the three buildings shown, selection of the second building is recommended for the following reasons.

 Relatively new construction (approximately 20 years old).  Not much damage to the building structure.  However, modifications (reworks/repairs) shall be suggested to make the building suitable for housing the millet processing unit.  Reworks/Repairs foreseen

1. Change of roof sheeting 2. Repainting of trusses and purlins 3. Rework of walls 4. Repairing damaged portions of the wall 5. Applying water proof compound 6. Introducing windows with lintels 7. Replacing iron doors with GI rolling shutter and addition of another rolling shutter. One for “entry” and one for “exit”. 8. Provision for workers’ entry 9. Construction of toilets 10. Construction of locker rooms 11. Washbasins 12. Construction of partitions for storage of raw material, finished goods and process separation 13. Cleaning of vegetation and construction of compound wall with security cabin 14. All electrical works 15. Other work needed to complete the facility.

It is estimated that a good contractor can complete the work within 90 days. The recommended building needs to be formally handed over to the OLM project. All construction drawings with specifications shall be provided by AIP-ICRISAT once the building is officially handed over for the project.

Annexures Annexure I Details of pilot sites in Puri and Khorda districts, Odisha, under the OLM-ICRISAT Project, coconut-based farming system (HHs, area and population are as per 2011 census data). Hous Are Populatio Gram Sl. No. (as Locatio e- District Block Villages a n Panchayats per map) n code holds (ha) (Nos.) (HHs) Puri 1 Rupadeipur 1 Rupadeipur 408830 1071 345 4996 Pipli 2 Teisipur 2 Nirmala 408820 239 136 1216 3 Puri Biranarasinghp 3 Biranarasinghpu 409732 736 545 3353 4 Sadar Birapratapurur 4 Dolagobindapurr 409763 365 47 2091 5 Sriramchandra 5 Sriramchandra 409680 1529 840 6794 6 Biramchandrapur 6 Biramchandrapur 409638 848 607 4056 7 pur 7 Dugalapur 409712 311 215 1379 Satyabad Dugala Biragobinda 8 8 409711 664 506 2783 i Pur 9 Nimapad Balanga 9 Balanga 409055 1320 562 5673 10 a Bamanal 10 Bamanal 409083 333 269 1257 Total 9 10 7416 407 33598 Khorda 2 1 Jhintisasan 11 Jhintisasan 407665 847 564 4366 Balianta 2 Purunapradhan 12 Bodhakhandi 407613 555 416 2460 3 Turintira 13 Narada 407651 526 227 2252 Balipatn 4 Kurunjipur 14 Badala Sasan 407696 537 507 2470 a 5 Nariso 15 Nariso 407702 1035 954 4300 Total 5 5 3500 266 15848 15 1091 6748 49446 Grand Total 14 6 0

Details of the pilot site cluster identified in R. Udayagiri block of Gajapati district, Odisha, under the OLM- ICRISAT Project (HHs, area and population are as per 2011 census data). Sl. No. House Gram Location Area Population No. (as per Villages holds Panchayats code (ha) (Nos.) map) (HHs) 1 1 Abarsing 414141 92 245 550 2 2 Bhaliasahi 414137 64 169 337 3 3 Dambadiha 414085 54 179 335 4 4 Dumba 414139 28 168 127 5 Abarsing 5 Kandulu 414172 27 189 151 6 6 Kharipada 414966 64 358 7 7 Kisangapur 414136 63 213 321 8 8 Padamapur(Nisangapur) 414138 52 195 234 9 9 Patrabasa 414173 69 313 377 10 10 Sindhiba 414964 25 211 112 11 11 Sinising 414142 41 142 165 Total 11 579 2382 2974 1 12 Chheligarh 414134 576 394 2758 Chheligarh 2 13 Jalara (Talada) 414140 98 116 542

3 14 Kakili 414088 38 97 188 4 15 Kulapathar 414130 17 67 85 5 16 Munisingi 414132 50 154 229 6 17 Patapani 414133 15 50 74 7 18 Sailanga 414135 138 334 660 8 19 Tiligan 414087 56 109 275 Total 8 988 1321 4811 1 21 R. Udayagiri 414260 1060 840 4851 2 22 Rumunda(CT) 414183 55 297 305 3 R. Udayagiri 23 Antili(A) 414185 30 150 165 4 24 Antili(B) 414186 41 207 222 5 25 Beleikuan 414188 17 254 90 6 26 Budhisila 414187 22 113 120 Total 6 1225 1861 5753 1 27 Anukumpa 414146 92 337 416 2 28 Bayaguda 414104 32 407 158 3 29 Bhaliaganda 414127 10 138 45 4 30 Jiranga 414124 61 564 326 5 31 Kankadaguda 414169 99 314 465 6 Sabarapalli 32 Luburusing 414145 86 217 428 7 33 Luhakhunti 414149 29 176 162 8 34 Phatachanchad 414126 117 423 538 9 35 Ramapura 414147 86 217 545 10 36 Sundaraba 414144 109 437 761 11 37 Tikamala 414125 203 302 1001 12 15 Podasing 414148 10 137 39 Total 12 934 3669 4884 Grand Total 37 3726 9233 18422

Details of the pilot site cluster identified in Kosagumuda block in Nabarangpur district, Odisha, under the OLM-ICRISAT Project (HHs, area and population are as per 2011 census data). Sr. No. Gram Location Households Area Population (as per Villages No. Panchayats code (HHs) (ha) (Nos.) map) 1 1 Santospur 427866 681 1070 3421 2 2 Paidapalli 427865 31 183 127 3 3 Bhonsuli 427863 227 285 1239 Santospur 4 4 Ghoda Dhanua 427858 686 1263 3303 5 5 Kodabhatta 427856 249 648 1054 6 6 Janiguda 427857 17 86 87 Total 6 1891 3535 9231 1 7 Temra 427867 502 372 2264 2 8 Padargam 427855 334 303 1514 3 Temra 9 Belputi 427869 259 291 1230 4 10 Churahandi 427868 289 137 1263 5 11 Kusumi 427850 182 384 773 Total 5 1566 1487 7044 Grand Total 11 3457 5022 16275

Details of pilot site cluster identified in Similiguda block in Koraput District, Odisha under OLM-ICRISAT Project (with HHs, Area and population as per 2011 census data) House Gram Sl. No. Location Area Population Villages holds Panchayats (as per map) code (ha) (Nos.) (HHs) Pitaguda 1 Kumbhariput 429206 60 265 260 2 Pitaguda 429784 77 272.57 473 Total 2 137 537.57 733 3 Pungar 430012 321 658 1660 Kunduli 4 Sirimoda 430013 190 695 742 5 Kunduli 430011 453 576 1903 Total 3 964 1929 4305 Pakajhola 6 Aligan 429968 728 1914 2745 7 Lunguri 429964 624 787 2598 Total 2 1352 2701 5343 8 Kangara 429953 172 585 584 9 Sriramput 429954 59 172 185 10 Mukhibedei 429952 271 669 997 Rajaput 11 Rajabedei 429948 141 478 496 12 Ruseiput 429950 226 682 759 13 Podagada 428931 82 297 325 14 Chalanput 429781 77 171 233 15 Pakhanput 429949 42 317 154 Total 8 1070 3371 3733 Grand Total 15 3523 8539 14114

Details of the pilot site cluster identified in Muniguda block in Rayagada district, Odisha, under the OLM- ICRISAT Project (HHs, area and population are as per 2011 census data). Gram Sl. No. Villages Location House Area Population Panchayats (as per code holds (ha) (Nos.) map) (HHs) 1 Badomudra 424806 146 159 615 2 Badopangidi 424759 16 143 63 3 Baromahulo 424809 25 580 115 4 Bhurugam 424785 79 31 312 5 Birili 424789 39 137 188 6 Bondili 424803 17 355 62 7 Bongonagan 424787 83 254 345 8 Dimiriguda 424756 7 89 24 Jagadalapur 9 Dularigam 424753 17 246 68 10 Ejurupa 424779 13 64 48 11 Gotiguda 424790 146 255 588 12 Gudango 424780 58 200 237 13 Hatichanchada 424784 21 178 89 14 Jagadalpur 424751 337 438 1217 15 Kalikuloto 424783 40 84 127 16 Korakpura 424812 19 142 91 17 Sabininala 424786 37 108 157 18 Samadala 424778 51 150 214

19 Sanonaringipanga 424810 37 57 132 20 Sanopangidi 424760 17 109 70 21 Sargiguda 424782 139 245 546 22 Solagudi 424811 34 151 142 23 Tulasipadar 424814 94 674 383 24 .Udayapur 424750 73 107 254 Total 24 1545 4956 6087 25 Deokupuli 424914 198 389 820 26 Dhobagudi 424986 80 367 312 27 DhuanPadar 424916 92 230 359 28 Gajakupuli 424976 89 115 326 29 Gumudi 424876 51 223 210 30 Kamalabada 424917 105 217 469 31 Kantarabali 424881 42 386 141 Kumudabali 32 Kaugura 424875 19 145 64 33 Khajuripadar 424915 73 223 325 34 Khalopadar 424841 91 164 381 35 Kinam 424839 62 190 259 36 Koramohan 424837 87 366 316 37 Kumudaballi 424879 372 82 1620 38 Ladipanga 424877 20 208 68 39 Padmapur 424918 201 372 804 40 Podimaska 424840 56 84 239 41 Singari 424878 216 236 856 42 Tebhapodar 424838 28 60 108 Total 18 1882 4057 7677 43 BhurusiKhamar 424873 166 42 644 44 Burujugura 424872 41 70 184 45 Dorabariguda 424924 35 103 173 46 Gandaguda 424866 7 54 25 Patraguda 47 Jumuruguda 424922 95 237 448 48 Khalaguda 424874 34 197 125 49 Karadabandha 424869 194 213 835 50 Palama 424926 18 49 78 51 Chhelianalo 424923 185 153 739 Total 9 775 1118 3251 Grand Total 51 4202 10131 17015

Annexure II Progress Updates of Puri and Khorda districts for the period of November 2019 to October 2020 - Physical and Financial Budget Unit Approved Utilised Unit/ Target planned/ budget (in Sl. Unit achieved (In Activity Sub activity Target (In for one lakhs) Remark No. planned No.) for first No.) for year (in during year first year lakhs) first year WP 1 Awareness

programme 1 Farmer rallies 100 30 7.5 Could not organise farmers’ Save coconut rallies/conventional Kisan FFS: Kisan Ghosthi 100 30 30 4.5 4.5 campaign Ghoshtis and large Use of print media 25 10 3 1.2 0.36 gatherings due to COVID restrictions. Details in Electronic media 10 5 1 1.5 0.3 Annexure II It will be conducted starting Wall writings 120 40 2 from November 2020 2 Demonstrations Cleaning of crown (5 trees X 5 Villages per Pre-emptive Block in 6 blocks) As per the suggestions from plant 2.1 Treating the crown 150 150 300 7.5 15 OLM, activity is scaled up to protection with Bordeaux spray reach out more HHs. measures @ 10% (5 trees X 5 Villages per Block in 6 blocks)

Placing 2 sachets of Mancozeb (5 g) in a Adaptive perforated polythene 2.2 measures sachet (5 trees X 5 Villages per Block in 6 blocks) Cleaning of dead tissue from the spindle Monitoring & and treatment with 2.3 mgmt. of pest bordeaux paste 10% (5 and diseases trees X 5 Villages per Block in 6 blocks) Application of Soil and recommended 2.4 nutrient manure and fertilizer 200 70 240 5.25 18 management (5 trees X 5 Villages Vertical intensification per Block in 6 blocks) Details in Annexure III Debris Fallen wood treatment 2.5 200 50 management for furniture making Intercropping and Vertical multi-storied cropping 2.6 50 20 34 6 10.2 intensification system (50 block plantations) As per the suggestions of Planting of coconut SMD in the meeting held on seedlings at 2.7 Underplanting 2/06/2020, the fund was recommended spacing of coconut 4500 4500 4500 310 33.75 allocated to up scaling of in the existing gardens seedlings coconut plantation for a (300 trees/village in 15 period of two years and villages) same was submitted to OLM

dt. 28/08/2020. Cost towards plantation includes cost of pit digging, seedlings, fertilizer/micronutrient and plant protection chemicals, scientific monitoring and backstopping. Scaling up of coconut Scaled out coconut plantation (10,000 25500 89.25 15500 54.25 plantation plan from agreed plantations) 4500 numbers to 30,000 for Scaling up in first year. Till date, 20,000 convergence with 10000 15 1300 1.95 plantations completed. MGNREGA Annexure IV Coconut tree climbing Trainings using modern 20 20 Trainings for a group of 10-15 including visits technologies 3 100 20 4 farmers by following COVID to specialized Best bet management 19 guidelines. institutes practices for Krushi 20 20 Mitras Officials’ visit to wood processing research institutes/industry to Exposure visit of 23 farmers, for feasibility study on 4 Exposure visit 2 1 1 3 3 OLM officials to Kadiyam coconut wood utility Nurseries in Andhra Pradesh. and value addition in coconut based products (two visits) Establishment 5 Identification of Visited 15 nurseries in of coconut 4 4 4 10 10 mother palms/gardens Rajahmundry and 4 in nurseries

and sourcing of seed Bhubaneshwar. Shortlisted 5 nuts (no. of visits) ideal mother nurseries. Establishment of community based Could not identify village coconut seedling 2 2 0 0 youth and sites due to COVID nurseries (one per restrictions. district) Coconut climbing machines/harvesters ( 15 0 0 15 sets) Coconut Leaf shredder 2 2.4 Introduction of Introduction of 15 5.25 coconut pit diggers improved tools Awaiting fund release to Introduction of solar 6 and equipment 15 0 56.01 0 complete the activity as per driers set (one each plan. Introduction of power for six blocks) 6 2 0.3 chain saw Introduction of 0 0 coconut desheller Introduction of seed 15 3.3 dibbler Approved budget was used Value addition 1.Preparation of for scaling up of coconut to coconut coconut milk, virgin oil plantation initiative. 7 based products 2 0 However, the activity will be (one unit each 2.Preparation of covered using available per district) coconut desiccated 0 0 powder budget in WP 7.

3. Preparation of coconut neera and coconut jaggery 4.Preparation of high- quality furniture out of coconut trunk Shredder machines @1 in each of the two districts provided to SHGs identified. This was done in consultation Aerobic fast with respective DPM. composting of coconut Farmers are being trained on 8 Composting 40 waste using bio- its utilisation for size culture reduction of hard biomass to make it more amenable to composting. The activity will be started once sufficient biomass is available. Household level assessment survey to estimate damage M&E including inflicted by FANI carried out. contractual It also covers cost towards Monitoring & 9 engagements with 30 30 creation of Project evaluation local institutions/ dashboard, field expenses private partners towards engaging with local agencies for coconut plantations and interventions

Annexure III

Details of inputs provided for demonstrations in Puri and Khorda districts during 2020-21 Total Total No. Activity Task Number Inputs required quantity of (s) inputs Cleaning of crown (10 trees

x 15 villages in 6 blocks) Treating the crown with Bordeaux spray @ 1% (16 Bordeaux (g) 4.8 trees x 15 villages in 6 blocks) Preemptive Placing 2 sachets of plant 1 Mancozeb (5 g) in a 240 protection perforated polythene M 45 (g) 2.4 measures sachet (16 trees x 15 villages in 6 blocks) Cleaning of dead tissue from the spindle and treatment with bordeaux Bordeaux (g) 12 paste 10% (16 trees x 15 villages in 6 blocks) FYM (kg) 15000 Application of Urea, SSP, MOP & B (Kg) Soil and recommended manure and Urea 326 2 nutrient 300 fertilizer (20 trees x 15 SSP 600 management villages in 6 blocks) MOP 600 Boron 30

Details of Inputs provided for field demonstrations in Khorda and Puri districts, Odisha, under the OLM- ICRISAT Project. Total Demo Input Planting No. of quantity Crop Inputs size (sq. required/ material/ha demonstrations of m) demo inputs Cowpea Seed 20 kg 30 100 0.2 (kg) 6 Cluster bean Seed 20 kg 30 100 0.2 (kg) 6 Elephant foot yam Corms 3500 kg 30 100 35 (kg) 1050 Hybrid Napier grass Stem cuttings 25000 Nos. 30 100 250 Nos. 7500 Banana Suckers 1000 Nos. 30 100 10 Nos. 300 Turmeric Rhizomes 2000 Kg 30 100 20 Kg 600 Total 180 Input Planting No. of Demo size Crop Inputs required/ material/ha demonstrations (sq. m) demo Pepper Rooted cuttings 175 Nos. 500 8.75 Nos. Banana Grafts 450 Nos. 500 22.5 Nos. 15 Guava Plants 495 Nos. 500 24.75 Nos. Pineapple Suckers 50000 Nos. 500 2500 Nos.

Annexure IV Details of field demonstrations in Rayagada district, Odisha, under the OLM-ICRISAT Project Inputs for varietal and micronutrient-based demos No. Input Cultivar No. of demos Quantity (kg) 1 Boron (Agribor) 300 300 2 Zinc sulphate 1500 3 Finger millet Bhairavi 50 100 4 Paddy MTU-1010 50 500

Inputs for IPM demos No. Input Quantity (kg) 1 Pheromone traps for YSB 150 2 Pseudomonas culture 5 3 Trichoderma culture 100 5 4 Chlorantraniliprole 0.4GR 150 5 Flonicamid 50 WG 6 Liters 6 Emamectin benzoate 25 kg

Details of field demonstrations in Nabarangpur district, Odisha, under the OLM-ICRISAT Project. Inputs Quantity (kg) Paddy (MTU-1001/MTU-1010/Swarna Sub-1) 800 Agribor 110 Zinc sulphate 1100 Carbendazim 50% WP 1.1 Carbofuran 3G 275 Pheromone traps 165 Emamectin benzoate 25

Details of field demonstrations in Koraput district, Odisha, under the OLM-ICRISAT Project. Item Quantity Finger millet GPU-48 100 kg Finger millet GPU-28 30 kg Agribor 300 kg

ZnSO4 250 kg Emamectin benzoate 25 kg Carbendazim 50%WP 1.5 kg Chlorpyrifos 20% EC 10 Liters Carbofuran 3G 765 kg Pheromone trap 250 Nipping machine 20

Details of field demonstrations in Gajapati District, Odisha, under the OLM-ICRISAT Project. Inputs Cultivar Quantity (kg) Boron (10%) 600 Zinc sulphate 1500 Finger millet Arjun 150 Finger millet GPU-48 30 Finger millet GPU-28 60 Paddy MTU-1001 275

Inputs Quantity Pheromone traps for YSB 150 Nos. Pseudomonas culture 5 kg Trichoderma culture 5 kg Chlorantraniliprole 0.4 GR 150 kg Flonicamid 50 WG 6 Liters Emamectin benzoate 25 kg Pheromone traps with Spodoptera frugiperda 200 Nos. Napier grass (as a trap crop in maize for Fall army worm) 10

Details of pheromone traps promoted in the four districts. District Crop Lure Quantity No. of Paddy Scirpophaga incertulas (YSB) 500 100demos Rayagada Pigeonpea Helicoverpa armigera 250 50 Nabarangpur Paddy Scirpophaga incertulas (YSB) 550 110 Pigeonpea Helicoverpa armigera 250 50 Koraput Paddy Scirpophaga incertulas (YSB) 500 100 Gajapati Paddy Scirpophaga incertulas (YSB) 750 150 Total 2800 560

Details of IPM management practices followed across the four districts. Location Crop Pest Management Inputs (Kg or Liters) Rayagada Paddy Yellow stem borer Chlorantraniliprole 0.4 G 150 Rayagada Paddy BPH Flonicamide 50 WG 6 Rayagada Pigeonpea Pod borer Emamectin benzoate 5 SG 25 Nabarangpur Paddy Yellow stem borer Carbofuran 3G 275 Nabarangpur Pigeonpea Pod borer Emamectin benzoate 5 SG 25 Nabarangpur Paddy Damping off Carbendazim 50 WP 1.1 Koraput Pigeonpea Pod borer Emamectin benzoate 5 SG 25 Koraput Paddy Damping off Carbendazim 50 WP 1.5 Koraput Paddy Yellow stem borer Chlorpyrifos 20 EC 4 Koraput Paddy Yellow stem borer Carbofuran 3G 500 Gajapati Paddy Yellow stem borer Chlorantraniliprole 0.4 G 150 Gajapati Paddy BPH Flonicamide 50 WG 6 Gajapati Pigeonpea Pod borer Emamectin benzoate 5 SG 25

Farmer’s participatory evaluation of improved vegetable cultivars conducted in Gajapati

Sl no Block G.P Village Variety Cultivars Name Of Farmer 1 R. Udayagiri Chheligarh Munisingi Brinjal Swarna Shyamli Mangala Dalai 2 R. Udayagiri Chheligarh Munisingi Brinjal Swarna Shyamli Mohan Paika 3 R. Udayagiri Chheligarh Munisingi Brinjal Swarna Shyamli Jagabandhu Dalai 4 R. Udayagiri Chheligarh Munisingi Brinjal Swarna Shyamli Natabara Paika 5 R. Udayagiri Chheligarh Munisingi Brinjal Swarna Shyamli Gauranga Paika 6 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Phatachanchada Tomato Arka Rakshak Samson Raita 7 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Phatachanchada Tomato Arka Rakshak Surath dhangda Bhuyan 8 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Phatachanchada Tomato Arka Rakshak Gaminiel Raita 9 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Phatachanchada Tomato Arka Rakshak Sumanta Raita 10 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Phatachanchada Tomato Arka Rakshak Madhu Mandal 11 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Tikamala Chilli Arka Harita Kanga Raita 12 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Tikamala Chilli Arka Harita Edinga Majhi 13 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Tikamala Chilli Arka Harita Abraham Raita 14 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Tikamala Chilli Arka Harita Nasan Malik 15 R. Udayagiri Sabarapalli Tikamala Chilli Arka Harita Bijay Raika

Farmer’s participatory evaluation of improved vegetable cultivars conducted in – Rayagada Sl no Block G.P Village Variety Cultivars Name Of Farmer 1 Muniguda Jagadalpur Bhurogaon Chilli Siam Hot Sukanti Putel 2 Muniguda Jagadalpur Bhurogaon Chilli Siam Hot Kamala Putel 3 Muniguda Jagadalpur Bhurogaon Chilli Siam Hot Rahani Putel 4 Muniguda Jagadalpur Bhurogaon Chilli Siam Hot Kumudini Putel 5 Muniguda Jagadalpur Bhurogaon Chilli Siam Hot Anita Putel 6 Muniguda Patraguda Upper Chelianala Tomato JKTH 447 Saibeni Nundruka 7 Muniguda Patraguda Upper Chelianala Tomato JKTH 447 Satyabati Nundruka 8 Muniguda Patraguda Bhurshikhamar Tomato JKTH 447 Manjari Badiga 9 Muniguda Patraguda Bhurshikhamar Tomato JKTH 447 Rebati Badiga 10 Muniguda Patraguda Bhurshikhamar Tomato JKTH 447 Belanti Badiga 11 Muniguda Patraguda Bhurshikhamar Tomato JKTH 447 Sabita Badiga 12 Muniguda Patraguda Bhurshikhamar Tomato JKTH 447 Tillattama Masuria 13 Muniguda Kumudabali Kinam Brinjal VNR 218 Manjula Dhangadamajhi

Sl no Block G.P Village Variety Cultivars Name Of Farmer 14 Muniguda Kumudabali Kinam Brinjal VNR 218 Josada Dhangadamajhi 15 Muniguda Kumudabali Kinam Brinjal VNR 218 Sunita Behera 16 Muniguda Kumudabali Kinam Brinjal VNR 218 Sukumari Ambadi

Farmer’s participatory evaluation of improved vegetable cultivars conducted in – Koraput

Sl no Block G.P Village Variety Cultivars Name Of Farmer Remark 1 Semiliguda Kunduli Mallipungar Tomato Jkth 447 Radhma Hantal 2 Semiliguda Kunduli Mallipungar Tomato Jkth 447 Aila Hantal 3 Semiliguda Kunduli Mallipungar Chilli Siam Hot Kunti Hantal 4 Semiliguda Kunduli Mallipungar Chilli Siam Hot Sumitra Pangi 5 Semiliguda Kunduli Mallipungar Brinjal Vnr 218 Dhanurjay Hantal 6 Semiliguda Kunduli Mallipungar Brinjal Vnr 218 Danu Dalia 7 Semiliguda Kunduli Mallipungar Tomato Jkth 447 Tula Dumeri Semiliguda Rajput Rajbidei Tomato Jkth 447 Lachma Muduli Seedlings were damaged due to heavy rains in Semiliguda Rajput Rajbidei Tomato Jkth 447 Madhu Muduli August 2020 Semiliguda Rajput Rajnaguda Chilli Siam Hot Laxmi Khajurputia Semiliguda Rajput Mukhibidei Brinjal Vnr 218 Chandrama Hantal Semiliguda Rajput Roseiput Brinjal Vnr 218 Saita Dandasena Semiliguda Rajput Roseiput Brinjal Vnr 218 Mukta Gottan Semiliguda Rajput Kutruput Chilli Siam Hot Dayimati Kutru Semiliguda Rajput Kutruput Chilli Siam Hot Sunadei Kutru

Farmer’s participatory evaluation of improved vegetable cultivars conducted in – Nabarangpur Sl no Block G.P Village Variety Cultivars Name Of Farmer Remark 1 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Brinjal VNR 218 Lakhabati Bhatra Brinjal Jamuna Bhatra 2 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur VNR 218 Seedlings were 3 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Brinjal VNR 218 Daimati Bhatra damaged due to 4 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Brinjal VNR 218 Purna Majhi heavy rains in August 2020 5 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Brinjal VNR 218 Lakhmi Pujari 6 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Tomato JKTH 447 Damani Pujari

Sl no Block G.P Village Variety Cultivars Name Of Farmer Remark 7 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Tomato JKTH 447 Subai Majhi 8 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Tomato JKTH 447 Gangai Bhatra 9 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Tomato JKTH 447 Antabati Majhi 10 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Tomato JKTH 447 Asamati Bhatra 11 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Chilli Siam Hot Ratana Bhatra 12 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Chilli Siam Hot Tulabati Bhatra 13 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Chilli Siam Hot Mula Bhatra 14 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Chilli Siam Hot Kunti Bhatra 15 Kosagumuda Ghoda dhanua Santoshpur Chilli Siam Hot Rukuni Majhi

Annexure V

Progress Updates of four tribal districts for the period of November 2019 to October 2020 - Physical and Financial

Budget Utilised Unit planned/ Approved Unit/ Target (in Sl. Unit Target (In budget for Activity Sub activity achieved (In No.) lakhs) Remark No. planned No.) for first one year for first year during year (in lakhs) first year WP2 Preparation of strategies for Preparation of project implementation 1 1 3 3 Strategy along with consortium partners. Pilot sites identified in consultation with OLM Designing project officials and secondary Identification of implementation information collected. One pilot sites in 6 6 pilot sites 10 pilot sites 10 10 strategy and pilot site in each of the four districts consortium districts and four sites in Puri formation and two sites in Khorda identified. Regional Consortium formation workshops, meetings were conducted Consortium 1 1 15 5 with OUAT, ICAR institutes formation and team and other international building institutes.

Activity comprises geo- Geo-referenced soil referenced soil sampling, sampling logistics-transportation to 15000 150 Soil sampling and conducted in all the ICRISAT and soil sample soil health targeted GPs 20000 320 processing/ preparation for mapping laboratory analysis. Soil analysis for 14 chemical 600 3.6 parameters Soil test-based After chemical analysis, fertilizer - - - - - recommendation will be recommendation given. Questionnaire Baseline questionnaire

prepared prepared and finalized in Questionnaire discussion with OLM officials based household in a meeting at OLM Census for survey conducted headquarters Baseline 25000 HHs Census completed (Bhubaneshwar) on characterization registration for Puri and Baseline data 19/02/2020. Preliminary and mid-course and 2500 Khorda; QR card- 40 15 highlighting data is being analysed and correction (WP1 to baseline based mapping of household income, available on OLM_ICRISAT. WP 7) across all six 10700 HHs cropping pattern, Adopted innovative districts educational status approach by introduction of and socio-economic QR card based digital data status available acquisition for continuous monitoring. 10,000 On-farm action Covered 1932 As against target of 10,000 participatory 2000 demos research for farm households over 3 year project period, demonstrations during kharif productivity with six improved we are handholding 3972 conducted on and 1333 150 104.713 enhancement, agricultural farm HHs during the first farmers’ fields to demos during increased technology year with improved inculcate improved rabi profitability and dissemination technology dissemination agricultural

sustainable practices and IPM models/adaptive model development strategies in these 3 trials http://olm.icrisat.org/ years

Farmer’s participatory evaluation of 100 58 29 improved vegetable cultivars conducted at each GP Partnered with World Veg Distribution of Center, covered 58 HHs for kitchen Nutri- 600 400 0.8 promoting improved garden kits technologies in high value Farmers Field vegetable crops, soil less School conducted nursery management. Crop specifically for Similarly, hands-on trainings diversification, horticulture were imparted to the intensification & farmers to spread 50 beneficiary farmers on need high value awareness about basis. crop/vegetable strategies to Homestead Nutri-garden kits cultivation achieve high quality comprising seven vegetables produce and like solanaceous, sustained 0 cucurbitaceous and leafy production and vegetables provided to 600 profitability households. Details provided Training conducted in Annexure VI, VIII. specifically for horticulture farmers to inculcate best-bet practices and to improve post-harvest

management of seed and produce at each GP Virtual training workshop on soil sampling in Capacity building coconut and workshop other field crops. organized for OLM Series of Hands- functionaries at on trainings to each of the six farmers, OLM districts on soil field functionaries sampling; seed and DOA officials treatment; line on scientific soil sowing sampling Trainings, field protocols using days and exposure mSoil android Details of trainings visits for Krushak app. 70 2 conducted are provided in Mitras, farmers Capacity building Annexure V and officers workshop organized for OLM functionaries on

weed management and post-harvest produce storage using PICs bag Farmers’ Field School organized soil test-based

recommendations and INM strategies @ 1 for every 5 GP

Farmers’ Field School conducted specifically for horticulture farmers to spread awareness about

strategies to achieve high quality produce and sustained production and profitability Training conducted specifically for horticulture farmers to inculcate best-bet practices

and to improve post-harvest management of seed and produce at each GP WP 3 Status report on CFCs in target GPs prepared Refurbishing the Sourcing of 1-2 CFCs and Supporting district OLM CFCs with low cost samples of low cost progressive SHGs teams to finalize and procure farm equipment implements to all identified the identified low cost tools the CFCs for and equipment using funds demonstration available in existing schemes. purpose

Capacity building of Identified suitable OLM Krushak sathis tools and Cost towards the CB and and local stake equipment and trainings is mapped under holders about low demonstrated in training component. cost farm pilot villages implements Training of farmers Details of trainings in on low cost Annexure V and shredder 1 implements @1 for installation details in every 5 GP Annexure IX. Assessment report Inventory and of local demand for status report of various implements Details in Annexure VIII CFCs were in the target GPs collated prepared Supported with nipping machines Budget CFCs refurbished (65); easy mapped in with suitable low planters (80); WP 2 cost equipment seed dibblers under on- 10 based on the (100). Adaptive farm demand trials conducted action assessment report across six project research districts covering head 1500 HHs WP 4 Capacitating List of identified Identification CFCs and existing FPOs or FPOs or farmers’ of potential progressive SHGs farmers’ collectives villages for identified 30 0 collectives in value prepared seed addition, Training conducted production

establishment of for OLM staff on activity

seed systems and key aspects of FPO adoption of digital operation tools to improve Training conducted market linkages for FPOs or

farmers’ collectives in seed production Finger millet and Suitable crops and groundnut crops cultivars identified identified for for target GPs promoting seed village approach Plantix App has been customized in Odiya for better access and Translation of Development management Plantix app into of Plantix in through IPDM Odiya language Odiya practices; digitization of pilot sites completed MEASURE: Real- 60 25 time online project specific Data collection tool progress in MEASURE used monitoring apps by all functionaries have been in OLM project developed; self- including trainings explanatory @ 1 per district project dashboard created to map interventions.

Half yearly report is available

WP 5 CFCs and Farmers’ collective progressive SHGs identified identified Training on agricultural waste recycling conducted for OLM Krushak sathis Identified rural youth/ SHG Shredder from each district will be Capacity building machines @1 in tasked with aerobic through each of the four composting-based village establishment and districts provided level entrepreneurships. The production of bio- to the identified activity will increase the fertilizers, bio- SHGs in availability of good quality pesticides and bio- consultation with compost for the nearby Shredding machine agents for 4 respective DPM. 4 organic clusters and support installed in all GPs lowering Farmers are being the ongoing OLM dependence on trained to use it interventions. Details of agro-chemicals for size reduction aerobic composting and of hard biomass installation details in to make it more Annexure IX amenable to composting Cumulative Target groups production capacity identified in each of 2500 ton aerobic district in compost consultation with production per year DPMs

in the target GPs achieved Rural youth identified for entrepreneurial training on aerobic composting Training conducted for OLM functionaries and identified rural youth on aerobic composting as entrepreneurship Technical handholding for aerobic composting-based entrepreneurships WP 7 Scoping study to be Establishment of conducted by AIP in Plan is ready, equipment FSSAI licensed the proposed have been identified. The

food processing districts leading to processing unit can be made unit to foster submission of ready within 90 days from localized value feasibility report 60 30 the date of allocation of the addition in local Scoping study Scoping study is building. Key outcomes of produce leading to based feasibility completed in the meeting were also local report prepared by 1 Koraput and it is shared with the OLM officials entrepreneurship AIP for the under progress in on 30th July 2020 proposed districts Puri and Khorda

100

Key post production identified for millets in Koraput and coconut in Puri and Khorda. The orientation Target regions to meeting held with focus key post- OLM production 1 headquarters and interventions DPMs on 27th July identified 2020. Presented the site inspection report to DPM Koraput on 15th October 2020. Annexure VII Locations and Locations and buildings buildings to set up identified in food processing Koraput and Puri units identified districts Layout and related support to the donor for modification of the buildings identified for establishment of the processing units provided.

101

Annexure VI

Details of Capacity building programs organized across four districts

District Name: Koraput Sl No. of participants OLM officials present Topic Date Village Name GP Name Block Name No. (Women and men)

Krushi Mitra- Nikantha 1 Soil sample collection 14.5.2020 15 men Aligaon Pakhjhola Semiliguda Muduli

Training on seed treatment 17 ( 6 men + 11 2 17.06.2020 CRP- Laki Jani Aligaon Pakhjhola Semiliguda and Nursery Raising women)

13 ( 4 men + 9 3 Seed treatment 19.06.2020 CRP- Laki Jani Aligaon Pakhjhola Semiliguda women)

Krushi mitra- Ravi 7 ( 3 men + 4 4 Millet transplanting 16.07.2020 Gamango Mukhibidei Rajput Semiliguda women) CRP-Madan Dandsena

DPM,Koraput,Sravan (YP),Krushi mitra- Ravi Soilless Nursery Raising 16 (12 men + 4 5 23.07.2020 Gamango Pakhjhola Pakhjhola Semiliguda women) CRP-Madan Dandsena, Jayanti Dhala, Basanti Krushi mitra- Ravi Demonstration of use of 17 (15 men + 2 6 11.08.2020 Gamango Mukhibidei Rajput Semiliguda nipper in pigeonpea women) CRP-Madan Dandsena

Krushi mitra- Ravi Training on Pheromone 25(11 men+14 7 15.09.2020 Gamango mukhibidei Rajput Semiliguda trap uses and installation women) CRP-Madan Dandsena

Krushi mitra- Ravi Pheromone trap demo 12 (5 men + 7 8 15.09.2020 Gamango mukhibidei Rajput Semiliguda (pigeonpea) women) CRP-Madan Dandsena CRP- Jayanti Dhala Field demo on Nutritional Krusi Mitra- Nikantha 9 22.09.2020 9 (6 men + 3 women) Malipungar KUNDULI Semiliguda gardening Muduli

Krushi Mitra- Ravi Pheromone installation 10 30.09.2020 8 (3 men + 5 women) Gamango Patraput Rajput Semiliguda trap (paddy)

Krushi mitra- Ravi Pheromone installation 11 2.10.2020 8 (5 men + 3 women) Gamango Rajput Rajput Semiliguda trap (paddy) CRP-Madan Dandsena Pheromone installation 10 (4 men + 6 MBK- Purnima Kumbhariput 12 6.10.2020 Pitaguda Semiliguda trap (paddy) women) CRP-Basanti Krushi mitra- Ravi 13 Foliar spray of boron 8.10.2020 7 (5 men + 2 women) Gamango Mukhibidei Rajput Semiliguda CRP-Madan Dandsena OLM Officials were actively involved in soil sampling in all GPs. Krusimitras and CRPs who joined soil sampling often were Jayanti Dhala, Nilakantha Muduli, Laki Jani, Ravi Gomango, Madana ,Basanti.

District Name: Rayagada Sl Topic Date No. of participants OLM officials present Village Name GP Name Block Name No. (women and men) DPM Hemanth Bag Soil Sapling progress BPM- Khirod Bhuian 25.05.2020 4 men Kumudabali Kumudabali Muniguda assessment Block Livelihood Coordinator- Mr. Manoj OLM-CRP Method of soil sampling, Debanti Takri 1 2.06.2020 9 (5 men) Kumudabali Kumudabali Muniguda packaging and levelling Krushi Mitra- Karuna Kusilia Method of soil sampling, OLM CRP- Namita Das 2 2.06.2020 8 (men) Jagdalpur Jagdalpur Muniguda packaging and levelling Susama Gardia Method of soil sampling, OLM CRP-Madhuri 3 3.06.2020 10 (men) Saberinala Jagdalpur Muniguda packaging and levelling Satapathy Line sowing of Finger 4 (1 man + 3 4 Millet & Application of 22.06.2020 OLM-CRP Mamina Palakia Bhursikhamar Patraguda Muniguda women) Zinc and Boron in paddy Line sowing of Finger OLM-CRP Priyanka Kar 18 (6 men + 12 5 Millet & Application of 22.06.2020 Krushi Mitra-Karuna Karamohan Kumudabali Muniguda women) Zinc and Boron Kusilia Line sowing of Finger OLM-CRP Sabita Behera 20 (7 men +13 6 Millet & Application of 24.06.2020 Krushi Mitra- Rajnan Khajuripadar Kumudabali Muniguda women) Zinc and Boron Kumar Nag Line sowing of Finger OLM-CRP Sasmita Sahoo 15 (4 men +11 7 Millet & Application of 25.06.2020 Krushi Mitra-Tapan Khalaguda Patraguda Muniguda women) Zinc and Boron Mansuria Line sowing of Finger 15 (5 men +10 OLM CRP- Madhuri 8 Millet & Application of 28.06.2020 Solagudi Jagdalpur Muniguda women) Satapathy Zinc and Boron

Line sowing pa paddy 10 (6 men and 4 OLM CRP- Madhuri 9 and micronutrient 01.08.2020 Saberinala Jagdalpur Muniguda women) Satapathy application in the soil Line sowing pa paddy OLM-CRP Mami Das 14 (11 men and 3 10 and micronutrient 04.08.2020 Krushi Mitra-D. Srimanth Gumudi Kumudabali Muniguda women) application in the soil Prasad Rao Soil less cultivation of 9 (6 men+ 3 OLM-DPM Hemant Bag 11 23.07.2020 Muniguda Muniguda Muniguda vegetables women) OLM YP- Ms. Barsha Instruments training to 12 (11 men + 1 12 23.08.2020 Muniguda Muniguda Muniguda the RTs and CSPs women) Weeding in the paddy OLM CRP- Madhuri 13 10.09.2020 5 men Saberinala Jagdalpur Muniguda through coco weeder Satapathy OLM-CRP Mami Das Weeding in the paddy 14 11.09.2020 8 men Krushi Mitra-D. Srimanth Gumudi Kumudabali Muniguda through coco weeder Prasad Rao Pheromone trap 11 (7 men and 4 OLM CRP- Madhuri 15 18.09.2020 Saberinala Jagdalpur Muniguda installation in Paddy women) Satapathy OLM-CRP Mami Das Pheromone trap 14 (11 men and 3 16 19.09.2020 Krushi Mitra-D. Srimanth Gumudi Kumudabali Muniguda installation in Paddy women) Prasad Rao Pheromone trap 7 (5 men + 2 17 22.09.2020 OLM-CRP Mamina Palakia Bhursikhamar Patraguda Muniguda installation in Paddy women) OLM-CRP Mami Das Pheromone trap 10 (7 men + 3 18 22.09.2020 Krushi Mitra-D. Srimanth Ladipanga Kumudabali Muniguda installation in Paddy women) Prasad Rao Pheromone trap 19 23.09.2020 5 men OLM CRP-Rita Patnayak Sananaringpanga Jagdalpur Muniguda installation in Paddy District Name: Nabarangpur Sl Topic Date No. of Village Name GP Name Block Name Remarks No. participants 15 Training in soil sample 1 22.05.2020 (11 men+ 4 Santoshpur Santoshpur Kosagumuda Updated the activity to collection women) DPM

Training in seed 12 Ghoda dhanua Updated the activity to 2 treatment methods of 06.07.2020 (4 men + 8 Santoshpur Kosagumuda DPM paddy women) Training in nursery 16 Ghoda dhanua Updated the activity to 3 bed preparation for 10.07.2020 (10 men + 6 Santoshpur Kosagumuda DPM paddy women) Training in micro- 12 Updated the activity to 4 nutrient application of 14.07.2020 (6 men + 6 Kusumi Temera Kosagumuda DPM paddy women) 19 Training in poultry Updated the activity to 5 03.08.2020 (15 men + 4 Temera Temera Kosagumuda deworming DPM women) Training in vegetable 16 Ghoda dhanua Updated the activity to 6 seedling growing using 04.08.2020 (10 men + 6 Santoshpur Kosagumuda DPM por-trays women) Training in various 14 7 Good Agronomic 10.08.2020 (9 men + 5 Churahandi Temera Kosagumuda Updated the activity to Practices on Paddy women) DPM 17 Training in pheromone Kusumi Updated the activity to 8 08.09.2020 (10 women + 7 Temera Kosagumuda trap installation DPM men) Training in 14 Updated the activity to 9 preparation of kitchen 15.10.2020 (7 women + 7 Janiguda Santoshpur Kosagumuda DPM garden layout men)

District Name: Gajapati

Sl No. of OLM officials Topic Date Village Name GP Name Block Name Remarks No. participants present

On field training in 12 ( 10 men + 2 Updated the activity 1 application of 14.08.2020 Tikamala Sabarpalli R. Udayagiri women) to DPM micronutrients

On field training in 14 ( 8 men + 6 Updated the activity 2 application of 17.08.2020 Anukumpa Sabarpalli R. Udayagiri women) to DPM micronutrients

On field training in 20 ( 6 men + 14 Updated the activity 3 14.09.2020 Tikamala Sabarpalli R. Udayagiri Pheromone traps women) to DPM

On field training in 35 ( 20 men + Gayatri Raita Updated the activity 4 15.09.2020 Kankadaguda Sabarpalli R. Udayagiri Pheromone traps 15 women) (OLM-CRP) to DPM

On field training in 22 ( 15 men + 7 Updated the activity 5 15.09.2020 Phatachanchada Sabarpalli R. Udayagiri Pheromone traps women) to DPM

On field training in 25 ( 5 men + 20 Pankajani Raita Updated the activity 6 16.09.2020 Luburusing Sabarpalli R. Udayagiri Pheromone traps women) (OLM-CRP) to DPM

1. Khanaprabha Behera Virtual training in 17 ( 17 (YP, R.Udayagiri Updated the activity 7 Pheromone traps 16.09.2020 Sundaraba Sabarpalli R. Udayagiri women) blocK) to DPM and IPM 2. Mamini Raita (OLM-CRP)