DOCSLIB.ORG

Pirimicarb, an Aphid Selective Insecticide, Adversely Affects Demographic Parameters of the Aphid Predator Hippodamia Variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pirimicarb, an Aphid Selective Insecticide, Adversely Affects Demographic Parameters of the Aphid Predator Hippodamia Variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 56, No. 4 (2016) DOI: 10.1515/jppr-2016-0048 Pirimicarb, an aphid selective insecticide, adversely affects demographic parameters of the aphid predator Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Shima Rahmani1*, Ali R. Bandani2 1 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, P.O. Box 14515/775, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Plant Protection, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Received: March 20, 2016 Accepted: October 10, 2016 Abstract: Demographic toxicology is recommended for toxicity determination of the long term effects of a pesticide since it gives a more accurate and efficient measure of the effect of a pesticide. Thus, in the current study the sublethal effects of pirimicarb (carba- mate insecticide) two concentrations of LC30 and LC10 were used against third instar larvae of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) in order to determine the effects of the pesticide on demographic parameters of the predator under laboratory conditions. Results showed that pirimicarb did not affect individual life parameters such as development time of larva, pupa, adult longevity, female and male longevity, adult preoviposition period (APOP), and total preoviposition period (TPOP). However, population parameters such as in- trinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), and finite rate of increase (λ) was affected by sublethal treatment. For example, intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.18 day–1 in the controls but it was 0.13 and 0.14 day–1 in the treated insects with LC10 and LC30 concentrations, respectively. Also, there were significant differences between mean generation time (T) of the treat- ments and the controls i.e. mean generation time of the controls was 29.03 days while mean generation time in the two treatments of LC10 and LC30 was 33.93 and 31.66 days, respectively. The finite rate of increase was also significantly affected by sublethal effects of the pesticide. The results showed that pirimicarb, even at low concentrations, has potential to adversely affect the predatory ladybird, therefore care should be taken when this insecticide is used in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program. Key words: carbamate, ladybird, life table, sublethal concentration Introduction have a better understanding of the effects of the chemi- The predatory ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Co- cals on the biological components of the system. leoptera: Coccinellidae), was originally from Palearctic Some compatibility exists between chemical and bio- regions (Gordon 1987), but nowadays it is a well-known logical control since the application of pesticides affects predator of aphids in many parts of the world (Franzmann both pest and its natural enemy. In this context, the use 2002; Kontodimas and Stathas 2005). Hippodamia spp. has of non-selective insecticides is not recommended since a great capacity for feeding on aphids, thus, it is an ef- these compounds often lead to aphid resurgence because fective predator of aphids (Kontodimas and Stathas 2005). of their high fecundity rate (Borgemeister and Poehling Generally, aphids and other insect species are attacked 1989). Selective insecticides are needed for the control of by various insect or non-insect species which act as pred- the pest in order to avoid side effects on the pest’s natural ators and parasitoids that suppress their populations. enemies in the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) pro- However, the control of these pests usually depends on grams. Regarding aphid control of the pesticides avail- chemical pesticides. Application of the pesticide in the able, pirimicarb has been reported to be the most selective IPM program could lead to problems of insect resistance, on aphids, and it has limited or no effect on natural aphid environmental and food contamination, and pest resur- enemies such as parasitoides and lady beetles (Unal and gences (Youn et al. 2003; Garrat and Kennedy 2006). In- Jespon 1991; Oakley et al. 1996; Rumpf et al. 1998; Jansen secticides can also affect natural enemies by death (lethal 2000; Rahmani et al. 2016). effect) or acute toxicity or sublethal effects on biological Traditionally, acute toxicity of insecticides on benefi- attributes such as development and reproduction (Qi et cial insects has been considered to be a lethal dose. How- al. 2001; Provost et al. 2003; Galvan et al. 2005). Therefore, ever, a lethal dose may not reflect the overall deleterious it is necessary to evaluate the effects of insecticides on effects of an insecticide due to sublethal effects on the in- natural enemies as well as on the pest itself in order to sect physiology and behavior (Desneux et al. 2007). So, by *Corresponding address: [email protected] Unauthenticated Download Date | 2/13/18 7:14 AM 354 Journal of Plant Protection Research 56 (4), 2016 life table analysis, it is possible to understand the overall Effects of sublethal concentrations on biological toxicity of pesticides on beneficial organisms more accu- parameters and life history data rately (Kim et al. 2004). Side effects of several insecticides on pests and their natural enemies already have been Four cohorts of about 100 eggs (0–6-hours old) were se- evaluated (Stark et al. 2003; Stark et al. 2007; Desneux et al. lected from the lady beetle laboratory colony and placed 2007). However, studies regarding H. variegata have fo- into Petri dishes (90 mm diam.) based on Schneider et al cused mainly on biological characteristics (Fan et al. 1995; (2009). The experiment had four treatments including An et al. 2000; Jafari 2011), functional responses (Fan and LC10, LC30, and two controls (acetone and no treatment). Zhao 1988; Feng et al. 2000; Pang et al. 2000), life tables Each egg was considered as one replicate (Chi and Yang (Lanzoni et al. 2004; Kontodimas and Stathas 2005), sea- 2003; Schneider et al. 2009). sonal dynamics (Soleimani and Madadi 2015), the influ- Eggs were kept in a growth chamber at 27±1°C, ence of temperature on its development (Michels and 65±10% RH, and a photoperiod of 16 : 8 h (L : D). The eggs Bateman 1986; Michels and Flanders 1992) and only re- were checked every 6 h and newly emerged larvae were cently the effects of pesticides (Cong et al. 2008; Rahmani transferred to new Petri dishes (60 mm diam.). Petri dish- et al. 2013; Rahmani and Bandani 2013; Megha et al. 2015). es were kept in the incubator and were supplied daily by So, the aim of the current study was to evaluate lethal and enough A. fabae of all stages as food sources. sublethal effects of pirimicarb (a carbamate insecticide) When larvae became the third instar (0–12-hours old), on H. variegata. they were treated with the insecticide using topical ap- plication with two sublethal concentrations of the insecti- cide that was 652 and 1,522 mg (a.i.) · l–1 for LC and LC , Materials and Methods 10 30 respectively. Third instar larvae (L3) were chosen because Insect rearing high natural mortality occurred when first and second instar larvae are used (Booth et al. 2007) and third instar A colony of H. variegata was obtained from the laboratory of larvae are the first instar with high voracity (Schneider et Insect Ecology in the Department of Plant Protection, Uni- al. 2009). Larval mortality and development were checked versity of Tehran. This colony was maintained and reared every 12-hours until the adult stage. After the emergence on Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in a growth of adults, males and females were paired and checked chamber at 27±1°C, 70±10% relative humidity (RH), and daily in order to record their survival and their oviposi- a photoperiod of 16 : 8 h (L : D) for several generations be- tion. The experiments continued until the death of all the fore being used for the assay (Atlihan and Chi 2008). individuals. To maintain genetic variability, every six months a num- The life table parameters including intrinsic rate of ber of H. variegata adults were collected from the field and increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation introduced to the stock colony. Aphids were reared on pot- time (T), gross reproductive rate (GRR), and finite rate of ted broad bean plants, Faba vulgaris (Fabaceae), at 22±1°C, increase (λ) were estimated. 70±10% RH, and a photoperiod of 16 : 8 h (L : D). In addition to development time, age-stage specific survival rates (sxj), age-stage specific fecundity (fxj), life Insecticide expectancy (exj), age-specific survival rate (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), age specific maternity (lxmx), reproductive The insecticide used in this experiment was pirimicarb value (vxj), preoviposition period of female adult (APOP), (commercial formulation, Pirimor® WP 50%). and total preoviposition period of females counted from birth (TPOP) were calculated. Laboratory bioassay Data analyses Toxicity of the insecticide was assessed on the third instar of H. variegata larvae, using the contact method. The lar- In the toxicity test, concentration-mortality regression for vae were obtained from 6-hours old cohort eggs. the larvae was evaluated using probit analysis (Polo-PC; After determining the concentration range based LeOra Software 1997) in order to determine the LCs. Dif- on preliminary experiments, 1 µl of each solution was ferences in toxicity were considered significant when 95% applied on the beetle’s dorsal abdomen using a micropi- fiducial limit (FL) did not overlap (Adams et al. 1990). pette. Beetles in the control groups were treated with ac- Data on H. variegata life table parameters were ana- etone. To reduce locomotion activity during applications, lyzed according to the age-stage, two-sex life table theo- the larvae were maintained at 4°C for 5 min prior to treat- ry (Chi and Liu 1985) and the method described by Chi ment.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thermal Requirements and Effect of Temperature and Prey on the Development of the Predator Harmonia Axyridis
    PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY Thermal Requirements and Effect of Temperature and Prey on the Development of the Predator Harmonia axyridis GEORGE J. STATHAS,1,2 DIMITRIOS C. KONTODIMAS,3 FILITSA KARAMAOUNA,3 1 AND STAVROS KAMPOURIS Environ. Entomol. 40(6): 1541Ð1545 (2011); DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EN10240 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ee/article/40/6/1541/532414 by guest on 23 September 2021 ABSTRACT Thermal requirements (lower temperature threshold and thermal constant) for the development of each developmental stage of the predator Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) were studied on Aphis fabae Scopoli and Dysaphis crataegi (Kaltenbach) under controlled laboratory conditions. The effect of temperature (15, 20, 25, and 30ЊC) and prey species was examined on pre-imaginal developmental duration and life cycle (pre-oviposition period included) of the predator. Our results suggest comparable thermal requirements for the development of H. axyridis on the particular prey and when compared with other aphid species. The total preimaginal development of H. axyridis,at 15, 20, and 30ЊC, and its life cycle, at 15 and 30ЊC, are shorter on D. crataegi than on A. fabae. KEY WORDS aphids, predator, pumpkin, rearing, thermal thresholds The predator Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: posed, therefore the lower developmental threshold t Coccinellidae) was introduced into Greece from and the day-degree requirements for their develop- France for the control of aphids in central and south- ment (thermal constant K) may be useful indicators of ern Greece from 1994 to 1999, where it was released an insectÕs potential distribution (Messenger 1959). at various crop and ornamental plant production sites The relationship between the development rate and (Katsoyannos et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Naturalist April 2013 1082
    April 2013 Volume 138 Number 1082 Yorkshire Union The Naturalist Vol. 138 No. 1082 April 2013 Contents Page Editorial 1 John Newbould: President of the YNU 2012-2013 2 Aqua�c plants in Yorkshire canals R. Goulder 4 An interes�ng plant gall on Gorse Derek Parkinson 16 Andricus gemmeus – a new gall for Yorkshire Tom Higginbo�om 17 A provisional Vascular Plant Red Data List for VC63 ‐ an evalua�on of current status 18 G.T.D. Wilmore The Gledhow Valley Woods Nest Box Scheme Mar�n Calvert 31 Onset of Summer Plumage in Black‐headed Gulls at Doncaster Lakeside, based on 35 field observa�ons January to March 2012* Colin A. Howes and John A. Porter Notes on Sowerby’s Beaked Whale strandings on the Yorkshire coast* 38 D.E. Whi�aker Seals at Teesmouth: a historical review Colin A. Howes and Robert Woods 42 Rosemary Beetle Chrysolina americana ‐ a new beetle record for Mid‐west Yorkshire 49 G. Boyd Field Note ‐ Rhododendron lea�opper in VC64 Mark Darwell and John Bowers 50 Recording in VC65 July 2012 John Newbould, Adrian Norris and Bill Ely 52 Botanical Report for 2012 Phyl Abbo� 62 YNU Excursions 2013 70 Project: The Yorkshire Flat Hedgehog Survey Colin A. Howes 78 Project: Parasi�sm of Coleophora serratella Derek Parkinson 79 YNU Calendar April ‐ August 2013 80 Book review: p77 YNU No�ce: p79 An asterix* indicates a peer‐reviewed paper Front cover: Hound’s‐tongue Cynoglossum officinale, one of the rare na�ve plants proposed for VC63’s Red Data List of plants (see p21).
    [Show full text]
  • A Contribution to the Aphid Fauna of Greece
    Bulletin of Insectology 60 (1): 31-38, 2007 ISSN 1721-8861 A contribution to the aphid fauna of Greece 1,5 2 1,6 3 John A. TSITSIPIS , Nikos I. KATIS , John T. MARGARITOPOULOS , Dionyssios P. LYKOURESSIS , 4 1,7 1 3 Apostolos D. AVGELIS , Ioanna GARGALIANOU , Kostas D. ZARPAS , Dionyssios Ch. PERDIKIS , 2 Aristides PAPAPANAYOTOU 1Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Nea Ionia, Magnesia, Greece 2Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 3Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece 4Plant Virology Laboratory, Plant Protection Institute of Heraklion, National Agricultural Research Foundation (N.AG.RE.F.), Heraklion, Crete, Greece 5Present address: Amfikleia, Fthiotida, Greece 6Present address: Institute of Technology and Management of Agricultural Ecosystems, Center for Research and Technology, Technology Park of Thessaly, Volos, Magnesia, Greece 7Present address: Department of Biology-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece Abstract In the present study a list of the aphid species recorded in Greece is provided. The list includes records before 1992, which have been published in previous papers, as well as data from an almost ten-year survey using Rothamsted suction traps and Moericke traps. The recorded aphidofauna consisted of 301 species. The family Aphididae is represented by 13 subfamilies and 120 genera (300 species), while only one genus (1 species) belongs to Phylloxeridae. The aphid fauna is dominated by the subfamily Aphidi- nae (57.1 and 68.4 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively), especially the tribe Macrosiphini, and to a lesser extent the subfamily Eriosomatinae (12.6 and 8.3 % of the total number of genera and species, respectively).
    [Show full text]
  • Invertebrates Inhabiting Culinary Herbs Grown Under Cover
    JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 53, No. 4 (2013) INVERTEBRATES INHABITING CULINARY HERBS GROWN UNDER COVER Magdalena Lubiarz1*, Wojciech Goszczyński2, Elżbieta Cichocka3 1,3Department of Environmental Protection and Landscape Preservation 2Department for Natural Foundations of Landscape Architecture The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland Received: June 6, 2013 Accepted: September 30, 2013 Abstract: The study contains the list of invertebrates collected from culinary herbs (Allium schoenoprasum, Anethum graveolens, Anthris- cus sp., Petroselinum crispum, Coriandrum sativum, Artemisia dracunculus, Eruca sativa, Melissa officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Mentha xpiper- ita, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus sp.) in greenhouses, under plastic-film covers, and at mother farms. The study provides information about the times of the year when these invertebrates settle on the herbs, and about the specific character of cultivating such plants. Even a few individual arthropods on culinary herbs cannot be tolerated and eliminating arthropods by using chemicals is unacceptable. For these reasons, those plants on which the arthropods have settled must be removed from greenhouses and destroyed. Biological pest control is also recommended. Some species of the observed invertebrates are encountered in a greenhouse year-round (Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Ovatus mentharius, Aulacorthum solani, Eupteryx sp., Trialeurodes vaporariorun, larvae of Thysanoptera) while others appear only during the periods of spring migrations (Cavariella aegopodi) or autumn migrations (Aphis fabae, Dysaphis crataegii, butterflies from the subfamily Hadeninae). Peppermint had already been inhabited by O. mentharius on mother farms, and O. mentharius probably hibernated on farms as well. Potted peppermint seedlings brought from mother farms to greenhouses had already been inhabited by that aphid species.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Food and Temperature on Development, Fecundity and Life-Table Parameters of Adalia Bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) M
    J. Appl. Entomol. Effects of food and temperature on development, fecundity and life-table parameters of Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) M. A. Jalali, L. Tirry & P. De Clercq Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Keywords Abstract Acyrthosiphon pisum, Myzus persicae, alternative vs. essential foods, biological Development, reproduction and life tables of Adalia bipunctata (L.) were control, factitious food, two-spot ladybird studied at three temperatures (19, 23 and 27°C) on a mixture of frozen pollen and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller eggs as a factitious food and on the Correspondence aphids Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) as natural Patrick De Clercq (corresponding author), foods. Development time of A. bipunctata on all tested diets decreased Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of with increasing temperature. Mortality was lowest at 23°C, averaging Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 44.5%, 42.6% and 24.3% on factitious food, A. pisum and M. persicae 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. respectively. The shortest developmental time from egg to adult at this E-mail: [email protected] temperature was observed on factitious food (18.55 days). However, the factitious food was inferior to the aphid diets in terms of reproduction, Received: September 16, 2008; accepted: yielding the longest pre-oviposition period, shortest oviposition period March 22, 2009. and lowest fecundity. The mean oviposition rate at 23°C varied from ) 19.94 to 25.03 eggs day 1 on factitious food and M. persicae respectively. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0418.2009.01408.x The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) on different foods increased with increasing temperature and ranged from a minimum of 0.08 females/ female/day on factitious food (19°C) to a maximum of 0.18 females/ female/day on A.
    [Show full text]
  • Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: the Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus
    Supplementary Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: The Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus Kiran R. Gadhave 1,2,*,†, Saurabh Gautam 3,†, David A. Rasmussen 2 and Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan 3 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]. † Authors contributed equally. Received: 13 May 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: date Abstract: Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission and molecular interactions with hosts. This comprehensive review exclusively discusses potyviruses and their transmission by aphid vectors, specifically in the light of several virus, aphid and plant factors, and how their interplay influences potyviral binding in aphids, aphid behavior and fitness, host plant biochemistry, virus epidemics, and transmission bottlenecks. We present the heatmap of the global distribution of potyvirus species, variation in the potyviral coat protein gene, and top aphid vectors of potyviruses. Lastly, we examine how the fundamental understanding of these multi-partite interactions through multi-omics approaches is already contributing to, and can have future implications for, devising effective and sustainable management strategies against aphid- transmitted potyviruses to global agriculture.
    [Show full text]
  • Aphids at Dundreggan, Scotland: July 2015 Survey
    APHIDS AT DUNDREGGAN, SCOTLAND: JULY 2015 SURVEY R. D. DRANSFIELD & R. BRIGHTWELL InfluentialPoints e-mail: [email protected] NOVEMBER 2015 INTRODUCTION Trees for Life has an outstanding reputation for including the so-called „neglected‟ invertebrate groups in their biodiversity surveys of the Dundreggan estate. One such neglected group is the aphids with over 600 species in Britain. There are (at least) four important reasons why aphids really ought to be of conservation interest: 1. Many aphid species provide the main source of nutrition - honeydew - for ants. This is best documented for wood ants - which are recognised as a keystone species in the forest ecosystem. 2. Many more aphid species support a wide variety of insect and bird species, either as hosts of parasitoids, or as prey for predators. They are known to be the main source of food for young birds such as blue tits. Also many birds that normally eat seeds use aphids and caterpillars to feed growing young as these are high in protein, and often among the most readily available food sources early in the year. 3. Some species, no-one knows how many, may benefit their host plants by providing sugars (via their honeydew) to crucial root mycorrhizae. 4. The presence of uncommon species is a useful indicator of an ecosystem's biodiversity. Not all 'ancient' woodlands are the same - many only have common plants and insects - genuinely ancient woodlands are now extremely rare and fragmented. Admittedly it is hard to get support for conserving what most people regarded as pests. Nevertheless, if we only conserve "cuddly, cute, or magnificent" species, whilst the rest become extinct, there won't be an ecosystem to support those cuddly species - or us.
    [Show full text]
  • Yorkshire Union Yorkshire Union the Naturalist Vol
    Volume 137 Number 1079 April 2012 Yorkshire Union Yorkshire Union The Naturalist Vol. 137 No. 1079 April 2012 Contents Editorial p1 Dr Roger Key: President of the YNU, 2011-2012 p2 I only wanted to watch the birds John Wint p3 Yorkshire’s Dark Bordered Beauty David Baker p11 On the recent appearance of the Black-bellied Angler in the central North Sea D.E. Whittaker p16 Composition of social groups of Long-finned Pilot Whales which stranded on the Holderness and Lincolnshire coasts in 1982 and 1985 Colin A. Howes p21 Historical notes on the Yorkshire Naturalists’ Union’s first Marine Biology Committee Colin A. Howes p26 Quill mites of the family Syringophilidae parasitic on birds in Yorkshire Barry Nattress p29 A study of the parasitoids of the Horse-chestnut Leaf-miner in a Yorkshire garden Derek Parkinson p34 Greater Wax Moth in Yorkshire* Colin A. Howes p38 Spiders of Rodley Nature Reserve* Richard Wilson p42 A selection of interesting plant galls seen in Yorkshire in 2011 John Newbould p48 Botanical Report for 2011 Phyl Abbott p51 Spider recording in Watsonian Yorkshire during 2011 Richard Wilson p56 Obituaries - Eric Thompson, Donald Henry Smith, Michael J.A. Thompson p67 YNU Excursion Circulars 2012 p72 The Naturalist guide to consistency p77 Calendar of Events 2012 p78 Erratum: p33 Book reviews: p50, 63-65 Letters to the Editors: p15, 60 YNU Notices: p62 An asterisk* indicates a peer-reviewed paper Front cover: Feather mite Analges mucronatus m. Compare this with the quill mites illustrated on p31. Photo: B.Nattress Back cover: Dark-bordered Beauty moths Epione vespertaria (Upper: male, Lower: female).
    [Show full text]
  • (Daucus Carota L.) with Two Aromatic Plants, Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum
    FOLIA HORTICULTURAE Folia Hort. 28/1(2016): 13-18 Published by the Polish Society DOI: 10.1515/fhort-2016-0002 for Horticultural Science since 1989 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open access http://www.foliahort.ogr.ur.krakow.pl Effect of intercropping carrot (Daucus carota L.) with two aromatic plants, coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.), on the population density of select carrot pests Beata Jankowska*, Elżbieta Wojciechowicz-Żytko Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland ABSTRACT Intercropping, or the use of different aspects of the interaction between organisms in ecosystems, can be classified as an ecological method that limits harmful human interference in the environment, especially the consumption of chemicals. The impact of intercropping carrot with coriander Coriandrum sativum L. and summer savory Satureja hortensis L. on the occurrence of select carrot pests was estimated in the years 2010-2011. Intercropping had a significant effect on the decrease of the number of roots damaged by carrot rust flyPsila rosae. During harvest, the least number of damaged roots was observed in combination with summer savory S. hortensis L. The number of carrot psyllid Trioza viridula Zett. and aphids on carrot leaves and roots damaged by nematodes was significantly lower on plots where carrot was intercropped. Intercropping both herbs had a positive influence on the number of beneficial insects. In all of the years of the study, the highest number of Coccinellidae and Syrphidae were observed on plots where carrot was intercropped with coriander. Key words: carrot protection, mixed cropping, non-chemical methods, pests INTRODUCTION indiscriminate use of pesticides are annihilating Carrots have been grown for many years in natural enemies.
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of Swedish Aphi&S (Hem. Hom. Aphidoidea)
    New Records of Swedish Aphi&s (Hem. Hom. Aphidoidea) By ROY DANIELSSON Zoologital Institute, Department of Systematics, Helgonavägen 3, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden Abstract species are given in some cases. The following species are new to the Swedish fauna: Trama DANIELSSON, R. New records of Swedish rara Mordvilko, 1908, Chaitophorus parvus H. Aphids (Hem. Horn. Aphidoidea). — Ent. Tidskr. R. L., 1935, Monaphis antennata (Kaltenbach, 95: 64-72, 1974. 1843), Schizaphis arrhenatheri Pettersson, 1971, The present article is a complement to Cata- Aphis lambersi (Börner, 1940), Aulacorthum so- logus Insectorum Sueciae. Homoptera: Aphidoi- lani ssp. langei Börner, 1939, Acyrthosiphon dea issued in 1969. New province records and scariolae Nevsky, 1929, Microsiphum woronieckae species new to the Swedish aphid fauna are Judenko, 1931, Uroleucon scorzonerae Daniels- listed with ecological notes for some of the spe- son, 1973, Cerataphis orchidearum (Westwood, cies. Distinguishing characters to near related 1879). The following abbreviations are used: al. these slides were labelled Hall. Enslöv 8.6. =alate viviparous female, apt.= apterous 52 leg. H. Andersson and the third Sk. Höör viviparous female, juv. = juvenile, 9 = ovi- 7.7.39 leg. E. Wahlgren. Both records from parous female, a =male. All records collected Pinus silvestris. One slide determined as Ci- by the author if not otherwise mentioned. naria rumla Mordv. by Wahlgren also belongs to this species. This slide is labelled Sk. Höör 14.7.38 on Pinus silvestris. New to Hall. Cinara cupressi (Buckton, 1881) According to Eastop (1972) Cinara juni- Cinara stroyani Pasek stat.n. perina (Mordv.) is a synonym of this species. In Catalogus 1969, this species is talled Cinara piceicola (Chol.).
    [Show full text]
  • Coccinellids As Biological Control Agents of Soft Bodied Insects
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(5): 1362-1373 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Coccinellids as biological control agents of soft JEZS 2017; 5(5): 1362-1373 © 2017 JEZS bodied insects: A review Received: 26-07-2017 Accepted: 27-08-2017 Ajaz Ahmad Kundoo Ajaz Ahmad Kundoo and Akhtar Ali Khan Division of Entomology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Abstract Agricultural Sciences and Ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are a species-rich, ecologically diverse group of substantial Technology of Kashmir, agricultural significance, inhabit in all types of terrestrial ecosystems. In the present review the biological Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India control of soft bodied insects by ladybird beetles is analyzed. The family Coccinellidae comprises 6,000 described species worldwide, of which 90% are considered beneficial predators and is divided into six Akhtar Ali Khan subfamilies: Sticholotidinae, Chilocorinae, Scymninae, Coccidulinae, Coccinellinae and Epilachninae Division of Entomology, although a recent phylogeny suggests a seventh subfamily, Ortaliinae. They have great economic Sher-e-Kashmir University of importance as natural enemies, exhibit a predatory nature against many soft bodied insect pests such as Agricultural Sciences and aphids (Aphididae: Homoptera), scale insects and mealy bugs (coccoidea: Homoptera), whiteflies Technology of Kashmir, (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera), Thrips (Thripidae: Thysanoptera), jassids (Cicadellidae: Homoptera), psyllids Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, (Psyllidae; Homoptera), small larvae, insect eggs, and phytophagous mites. These have been used in both Jammu and Kashmir, India classical and augmentative biological control programmes and are also considered important in conservation biological control programmes. They are of high priority in organic cropping and integrated pest management systems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effectiveness of Catching Aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphidinea) in Moericke and Light Traps
    JOURNAL OF PLANT PROTECTION RESEARCH Vol. 52, No. 2 (2012) THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CATCHING APHIDS (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: APHIDINEA) IN MOERICKE AND LIGHT TRAPS Barbara Wilkaniec*, Rosław Lewandowski, Beata Borowiak-Sobkowiak Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland Received: November 9, 2011 Accepted: January 30, 2012 Abstract: The studies were conducted in an urban greenery area of Poznań, Poland to compare the effectiveness of Moericke colour traps and light traps used to catch aphids. The combined methods yielded 61 aphid species from the area. The light trap caught 51 species, while 44 species were caught using the Moericke trap. Over 4,000 specimens were collected with each method separately. Key words: Aphidofauna, Moricke traps, light trap INTRODUCTION Insects were caught in 2010, from mid-April to the In faunistic and biocenological studies of aphids, vari- end of October. We made 54 catches with the light trap. ous methods are applied, such as: reviewing host plants Insects from the Moericke traps were collected every ten or plant organs, shaking insects from plants, using scoop- days. Light trap catches were made in favourable weath- ing and sucking devices as well as colour traps (Moericke er conditions (on warm, windless and dry evenings and 1969; Szelegiewicz 1974; Czylok 1983; Basky 1993, 2002; nights). Meteorological data (temperature) came from Mook and Wiegers 1999; Ruszkowska and Wilkaniec the Poznań, Marcelin station, which is about 3 kilometers 2002; Durak & Wojciechowski 2005; Sekulak and Wil- from the place of the experiment. kaniec 2006; Wilkaniec et al. 2008; Borowiak-Sobkowiak The aphids were preserved in test tubes with 75% and Wilkaniec 2010; Budzińska and Goszczyński 2010).
    [Show full text]