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Upper Mississippi River Total Suspended Solids Total Maximum

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Upper Mississippi River Total Suspended Solids Total Maximum Watershed November 2020 Upper Mississippi River Total Suspended Solids Total Maximum Daily Load Report This report quantifies the total amount of total suspended solids that can be received by the Upper Mississippi River and maintain its ability to support healthy biological communities, and identifies needed reductions. repeating the word “report” if already used above. Active voice is better. Authors Meghan Funke, PhD, PE Trevor Rundhaug Etoile Jensen, GISP Contributors/acknowledgements Minnesota Pollution Control Agency: Anna Bosch Mike Feist Bonnie Finnerty Lee Engel Kevin Stroom Sagor Biswas Marco Graziani Andrea Plevan Mark Evenson Rachel Olmanson Jesse Anderson Aitkin County Soil and Water Conservation District: Janet Smude Steve Hughes Crow Wing County Soil and Water Conservation District: Melissa Barrick Morrison County Soil and Water Conservation District: Shannon Wettstein Mississippi Headwaters Board Tim Terrill Minnesota Department of Natural Resources: Rian Reed Minnesota Department of Health: Chris Parthun Board of Water and Soil Resources: Jeff Hrubes U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Jason Hauser (Gull Lake) Tamryn Frauenshuh (Big Sandy) Editing and graphic design PIO staff Graphic design staff Administrative Staff Cover photo credit The MPCA is reducing printing and mailing costs by using the Internet to distribute reports and information to wider audience. Visit our website for more information. The MPCA reports are printed on 100% post-consumer recycled content paper manufactured without chlorine or chlorine derivatives. Document number: wq-iw8-60e Contents Contents .............................................................................................................................................. 2 List of tables ........................................................................................................................................ 4 List of figures ....................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Executive summary .............................................................................................................................. 8 1. Project overview ............................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................ 9 1.2 Identification of waterbodies ............................................................................................................ 10 1.3 TMDL Study Area ............................................................................................................................... 10 2. Applicable water quality standards and numeric water quality targets ........................................ 16 2.1 Designated uses ................................................................................................................................. 16 2.2 Priority ranking .................................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Numeric standards for turbidity/TSS ................................................................................................. 16 2.3.1 Turbidity/TSS ................................................................................................................. 16 2.4 Antidegradation/Outstanding resource value waters ....................................................................... 17 3. Watershed and waterbody characterization ................................................................................ 18 3.1 River reaches ..................................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Subwatersheds .................................................................................................................................. 20 3.3 Land use ............................................................................................................................................. 20 3.4 Current/historical water quality ........................................................................................................ 23 3.4.1 Total Suspended Solids .................................................................................................. 23 3.4.2 Fish bioassessments ...................................................................................................... 26 3.5 Pollutant source summary ................................................................................................................. 28 3.5.1 Permitted source types ................................................................................................. 28 3.5.2 Nonpermitted sources ................................................................................................... 31 3.5.3 Sediment Source Summary ........................................................................................... 41 4. TMDL development ..................................................................................................................... 41 4.1 Loading capacity methodology .......................................................................................................... 42 4.2 Wasteload allocation methodology ................................................................................................... 43 4.2.1 Regulated MS4 stormwater ........................................................................................... 43 4.2.2 Regulated construction stormwater.............................................................................. 43 4.2.3 Regulated industrial stormwater ................................................................................... 44 4.2.4 Regulated municipal and industrial wastewater ........................................................... 44 4.3 Load allocation methodology ............................................................................................................ 46 Upper Mississippi River TSS TMDL Report Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 2 4.4 Boundary condition (upstream subwatershed) allocation methodology .......................................... 46 4.5 Margin of safety ................................................................................................................................. 47 4.6 Seasonal variation .............................................................................................................................. 48 4.7 TMDL Summary ................................................................................................................................. 49 4.7.1 TSS TMDL: Mississippi River, Swan River to Willow River (07010103-708) .................. 49 4.7.2 TSS TMDL: Mississippi River, Willow River to Pine River (07010104-655) .................... 51 4.7.3 TSS TMDL: Mississippi River, Pine River to Crow Wing River (07010104-656) ............. 53 4.8 TSS Reductions ................................................................................................................................... 54 5. Future growth considerations ...................................................................................................... 55 5.1 New or expanding permitted MS4 WLA transfer process ................................................................. 55 5.2 New or expanding wastewater .......................................................................................................... 56 6. Reasonable assurance .................................................................................................................. 56 6.1 Reliable means of addressing pollutant loads ................................................................................... 57 6.1.1 Regulatory approaches .................................................................................................. 57 6.1.2 Nonregulatory................................................................................................................ 59 6.2 Implementation strategy ................................................................................................................... 61 6.3 Funding availability ............................................................................................................................ 61 6.4 Tracking progress and monitoring water quality response ............................................................... 62 6.5 Nonpoint source pollution reduction trends ..................................................................................... 62 7. Monitoring plan ........................................................................................................................... 63 8. Implementation strategy summary .............................................................................................. 64 8.1 Permitted sources .............................................................................................................................. 64 8.1.1 MS4 stormwater ............................................................................................................ 64 8.2 Nonpermitted sources ......................................................................................................................
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