DOCSLIB.ORG

WRA Species Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
WRA Species Report Family: Myrtaceae Taxon: Eucalyptus gunnii Synonym: NA Common Name: Cider gum Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Chuck Chimera Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 2 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Low substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 n 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 n 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 5/20/2012 Eucalyptus gunnii (Myrtaceae) Page 1 of 7 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 y 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, >3 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 y 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: EVALUATE WRA Score 2 Print Date: 5/20/2012 Eucalyptus gunnii (Myrtaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 2012. Department of Primary Industries, Parks, [Is the species highly domesticated?? No, but cultivars have been developed] Water and Environment. Tasmanian Threatened "Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata is of iconic significance due to its extreme Species Listing Statement - Eucalyptus gunnii frost resistance, popularity with florists, tapping of sap by Aborigines and early subsp. Divaricata. European settlers (stands at Cider Marsh and Jacks Marsh were sap producers) http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/WebPages/S and as a subject of ongoing study of evolutionary processes in Tasmania (Potts LEN-5P3ACA?open et al. 2001). It has also been used in breeding programs because of its frost resistance (Potts & Potts 1986)." 102 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2012. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2006. Boland, D.J./Brooker, M.I.H./Chippendale, [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 0-Low] "The cider gums are G.M./William McDonald, M.. Forest trees of endemic to Tasmania." … "Cider gums are adapted to some of the coldest Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, conditions experienced by any eucalypt." Australia 202 2006. Boland, D.J./Brooker, M.I.H./Chippendale, [Quality of climate match data 2-High] G.M./William McDonald, M.. Forest trees of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia 203 2005. CAB International. Forestry Compendium. [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "This Tasmanian CAB International, Wallingford, UK eucalypt is a subalpine species growing on poorly drained, frost prone plateaux, flats and hollows. Its distribution lies in the cold humid to wet climatic zone, with the icy winter conditions amongst the most severe experienced by any eucalypt. The soils are alpine humus with large rocks covering most of the ground surface. Eucalyptus gunnii, with its high level of frost tolerance, is the subject of a selection and cloning programme in southern France, where the species is planted for production of short fibred pulpwood on a coppice rotation. It is a useful windbreak and erosion control species on cold, drought-prone sites." 203 2008. Calder, J.A./Kirkpatrick, J.B.. Climate [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? No] "Eucalyptus gunnii is a change and other factors influencing the decline tree species putatively threatened by climate change. It has a wide distribution of the Tasmanian cider gum (Eucalyptus gunnii). across Tasmania (Fig. 1), to which it is endemic (Williams and Potts 1996)." … "It Australian Journal of Botany. 56: 684-692. has a high tolerance of both frost and waterlogging, and slow growth rates (Kirkpatrick and Gibson 1998, 1999). Thus, it is mainly found in cold, waterlogged habitats, such as lake edges, or poorly drained valley flats in the subalpine zone (Williams and Potts 1996)." 204 2006. Boland, D.J./Brooker, M.I.H./Chippendale, [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? No] "The G.M./William McDonald, M.. Forest trees of cider gums are endemic to Tasmania." … "Cider gums are adapted to some of Australia. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, the coldest conditions experienced by any eucalypt." Australia 205 1911. Hosmer, R.S., Superintendent. Report of [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural the Division of Forestry For the Biennial Period range? Yes] "E. gunnii, Hook. Cider gum. Maui. Makawao. At an elevation of Ending December 31st, 1910. Territory of Hawaii between 2,500 and 3,000 feet trees 3 years old are growing quite well. The Board of Agriculture and Forestry, Honolulu seedlings are difficult to raise in the nursery. At elevations of 2,000 feet and higher trees are growing very rapidly. Kauai. Kalaheo. Trees planted at an elevation of between 900 and 1,000 feet." 205 2008. Forrest, M./Moore, T.. Eucalyptus gunnii: A [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural possible source of bioenergy?. Biomass and range? No] "Native to Tasmania, E. gunnii Hook.f. is one of the widely planted Bioenergy. 32(10): 978-980. Eucalyptus species in Britain [2] and is widely planted in Ireland [3]." 205 2012. Online Atlas of the British and Irish flora. [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Eucalyptus gunnii (Cider Gum). range? Yes] "This is one of the hardiest Eucalyptus species in our area, and is http://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/index.php?q=plant very popular in gardens for its silvery-blue juvenile foliage. It was introduced into /eucalyptus-gunnii Britain not long after 1840 and trees planted in the wild in 1887 in N. Essex still survive." 301 1982. Sykes, W.R.. Checklist of dicotyledons [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Occasional cultivation escape near naturalised in New Zealand 12. Haloragales, plantations in North & South Is" Myrtales, Proteales, Theales, Violales (excluding Violaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany. 20(1): 73-80. 301 2006. Howell, C.J./Sawyer, J.W.D.. New Zealand [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "Eucalyptus gunnii" … "Fully naturalised" naturalised vascular plant checklist. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, Wellington, NZ www.nzpcn.org.nz Print Date: 5/20/2012 Eucalyptus gunnii (Myrtaceae) Page 3 of 7 301 2012. Online Atlas of the British and Irish flora. [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "A fast-growing evergreen tree widely Eucalyptus gunnii (Cider Gum). planted in gardens, parks, amenity areas and, rarely, for forestry. It has become http://www.brc.ac.uk/plantatlas/index.php?q=plant naturalised in woodland and on roadsides in S.E. England. It occasionally /eucalyptus-gunnii regenerates from seed. Lowland." 302 2007. Randall, R.P.. Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No] No evidence Weeds - Index [Online Database]. http://www.hear.org/gcw/ 303 2007. Randall, R.P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Paropsine Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in South-Eastern Queensland Hardwood Plantations: Identifying Potential Pest Species
    270 Paropsine beetles in Queensland hardwood plantations Paropsine beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in south-eastern Queensland hardwood plantations: identifying potential pest species Helen F. Nahrung1,2,3 1School of Natural Resource Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; and 2Horticulture and Forestry Science, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Gate 3, 80 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia 3Email: [email protected] Revised manuscript received 17 May 2006 Summary The expansion of hardwood plantations throughout peri-coastal Australia, often with eucalypt species planted outside their native Paropsine chrysomelid beetles are significant defoliators of ranges (e.g. E. globulus Labill. in Western Australia; E. nitens Australian eucalypts. In Queensland, the relatively recent (Deane and Maiden) Maiden in Tasmania), resulted in expansion of hardwood plantations has resulted in the emergence unpredicted paropsine species emerging as pests. For example, of new pest species. Here I identify paropsine beetles collected C. agricola (Chapuis) was not considered a risk to commercial from Eucalyptus cloeziana Muell. and E. dunnii Maiden, two of forestry but became a significant pest of E. nitens in Tasmania the major Eucalyptus species grown in plantations in south-eastern (de Little 1989), and the two most abundant paropsine species Queensland, and estimate the relative abundance of each (C. variicollis (Chapuis) and C. nobilitata (Erichson)) in paropsine species. Although I was unable to identify all taxa to E. globulus plantations in WA were not pests of native forest species level, at least 17 paropsine species were collected, about there (compare Selman 1994; Loch 2005), nor were they initially one-third of which have not been previously associated with considered pests of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Eucalyptus Gunnii Subsp. Divaricata (Mcaulay & Brett) B.M
    Listing StatementEucalyptus for Eucalyptus gunnii gunnii subsp. subsp. divaricata (miena divaricata cider gum) miena cider gum T A S M A N I A N T H R E A T E N E D S P E C I E S L I S T I N G S T A T E M E N T Image by B. Potts Scientific name: Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata (McAulay & Brett) B.M. Potts, Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm . 135: 57 (2001) Common name: miena cider gum (Wapstra et al. 2005) Group: vascular plant, dicotyledon, family Myrtaceae Status: Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 : endangered Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 : Endangered Distribution Endemic status: Endemic to Tasmania Tasmanian NRM Region: South Figure 1. Distribution of specimens attributed to Plate 1 . Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata . The northern and (Image by J. Calder) western most records require verification. 1 Threatened Species Section – Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Listing Statement for Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata (miena cider gum) IDENTIFICATION AND ECOLOGY in drought conditions or in stands disturbed by Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. divaricata is a small to stock grazing. While Eucalyptus gunnii subsp. medium sized tree in the Myrtaceae family divaricata is highly frost resistant, it is the first (Plate 1). It is endemic to Tasmania’s Central eucalypt in the area to display symptoms Plateau where it mostly grows on the edges of following drought, leading to the death of frost hollows (Potts et al. 2001). Eucalyptus gunnii mature trees in relatively large patches since the subsp.
    [Show full text]
  • PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS and ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY of EUCALYPTUS SP LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGENS S.Sasikala and J
    International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2249-6807 International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences 4(6): November-December 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INSTITUTIONAL PHARMACY AND LIFE SCIENCES Life Sciences Research Article……!!! Received: 27-10-2014; Revised: 31-10-2014; Accepted: 01-11-2014 PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF EUCALYPTUS SP LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGENS S.Sasikala and J. Kalaimathi* Department of Biochemistry, Sri Akilandeswari womens College Wandiwash, TN, India Keywords: ABSTRACT Eucalyptus globulus, Medicinal plants are considerably useful and economically Medicinal palnt, essential. They contain active constituents that are used in the Antimicrobial activity treatment of many human diseases. Infectious diseases are world’s most important reason of untimely death, killing For Correspondence: 50,000 people each day. Resistance to antimicrobial agents is J. Kalaimathi rising in a wide diversity of pathogens and numerous drug Department of Biochemistry, resistances are becoming common in diverse organisms. The Sri Akilandeswari womens plant extracts have been developed and proposed for use as College Wandiwash, TN, India antimicrobial substances. Many of the plant materials used in E-mail: traditional medicine are readily available in rural areas at relatively cheaper than modern medicine. The present study [email protected] was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of methanol extract of Eucalyptus globulus against bacterial pathogens and phytochemical analysis was done. 47 Full Text Available On www.ijipls.com International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2249-6807 INTRODUCTION In the production of drugs, the role of plants is very important. There is a lot of drugs are produced from the plants and its various parts (Fabricant and Farnsworth 2001, Farnsworth et al., 19858) .
    [Show full text]
  • Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Paropsine Threat to Eucalyptus in New Zealand
    Biological Control of Paropsis charybdis Stål (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Paropsine Threat to Eucalyptus in New Zealand A Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Canterbury by Brendan Dene Murphy New Zealand School of Forestry University of Canterbury 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi ERRATA vii CHAPTERS Chapter 1. Biological Control of Paropsis charybdis Stål and the Paropsine Threat to Eucalyptus in New Zealand.................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2. The Collection, Importation, and Release of Tasmanian Enoggera nassaui for Biological Control of Paropsis charybdis............................................................................. 8 Chapter 3. Molecular Detection of Enoggera nassaui Strains using the Mitochondrial DNA Gene, Cytochrome Oxidase I ............................................................................................... 22 Chapter 4. Field and Bioassay Assessment of the Host Range .................................................. 32 Chapter 5. Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Tasmanian Chrysophtharta ..................................45 Chapter 6. Assessment of Paropsine Fecundity as an Indicator................................................. 59 Chapter 7. Testing the Parasitoid Host Range and Reproductive Output Hypotheses against Dicranosterna semipunctata ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Eucalyptus Cladocalyx Sugar Gum Classification Eucalyptus | Symphyomyrtus | Sejunctae Nomenclature
    Euclid - Online edition Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum Classification Eucalyptus | Symphyomyrtus | Sejunctae Nomenclature Eucalyptus cladocalyx F.Muell., Linnaea 25: 388 (1853). E. corynocalyx F.Muell., Fragm. 2: 43 (1860), nom. illeg. based on same types as E. cladocalyx. T: Marble Ra., S.A., Feb. 1852, C.Wilhelmi s.n.; holo: MEL; iso: K. E. langii Maiden & Blakely, Crit. Revis. Eucalyptus 8: 72 (1929). T: cultivated at Litanga Stn, Lismore, Vic., Apr. 1921, P.R.H.St John s.n.; holo: NSW, iso: CANB. (see image of type specimen held at CANB) Description Buds cylindrical Tree to 35 m tall. Lignotuber absent but epicormic buds present up the stem. Bark smooth, mottled white, yellow, pink, orange, brown, pale grey, dark grey or blue grey, sometimes slightly powdery. Juvenile growth (coppice or wild seedling to 50 cm tall): stems round in cross-section; juvenile leaves always petiolate, opposite at lowest node then alternate, orbicular (often wider than long), deltoid to ovate, 2–6.5 cm long, 2–9 cm wide, apex round or emarginate, base Fruit barrel-shaped truncate, discolorous, dull, blue-green to green. Adult leaves alternate, petiole 0.9–2.7 cm long; blade slightly falcate to lanceolate, 6.5–17 cm long, 1.2–4 cm wide, base usually tapering to petiole, strongly discolorous, glossy, darker green on upper side, paler below, side-veins at an acute or wider angle, densely to very densely reticulate, intramarginal vein parallel to and well removed from margin, oil glands small, obscure. Inflorescence axillary unbranched but borne on leafless sections of branchlets (ramiflorous), peduncles 0.8–2.2 cm long, buds 7, 9 or 11 per umbel, pedicels 0.2–0.7 cm long.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Control of Paropsis Charybdis
    No. 227, July 2012 ISSN 1175-9755 BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PAROPSIS CHARYBDIS Paropsine beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is not always easy to locate in Tasmania) from which we are extremely diverse and abundant in their native could obtain larvae for experiments. Australian range but have emerged as significant defoliators only since the expansion of managed The next step was to locate Eadya paropsidis. Flying adults plantation forestry, particularly when host trees are were caught “on-the–wing” in E. nitens plantations in planted outside their native range. Since its arrival in northern Tasmania in December 2011 and brought back New Zealand in 1916 Paropsis charybdis has effectively to the laboratory in Hobart for testing. Using a sequential prevented the commercial viability of several favoured no-choice testing method to observe individual females, 9 Eucalyptus species, including Eucalyptus nitens, until the of 10 of the female wasps attacked P. agricola larvae, then successful introduction of the egg parasitoid Enoggera 7 of those 9 also attacked P. charybdis larvae. nassaui (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in 1988. Scion entomologists have been involved intermittently in the Those P. charybdis larvae attacked were quickly shown search for classical biological control agents for Paropsis to be a suitable physiological host for E. paropsidis charybdis for nearly fifty years, and this appears set to development; parasitoid larvae emerged from the continue for at least another two years. paropsine larvae they had killed, and were significantly larger from P. charybdis than from P. agricola. Paropsis charybdis is bivoltine in New Zealand. The Unfortunately over the whole experiment only 8% first generation of eggs are laid in spring from October of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Adaptation in Eucalyptus Pauciflora
    Genetic diversity and adaptation in Eucalyptus pauciflora Archana Gauli (M.Sc.) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania June, 2014 Declarations This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of the my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does the thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. Archana Gauli Date Authority of access This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying and communication in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Archana Gauli Date Statement regarding published work contained in thesis The publishers of the paper comprising Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 hold the copyright for that content, and access to the material should be sought from the respective journals. The remaining non-published content of the thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying and communication in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Archana Gauli Date i Statement of publication Chapter 2 has been published as: Gauli A, Vaillancourt RE, Steane DA, Bailey TG, Potts BM (2014) The effect of forest fragmentation and altitude on the mating system of Eucalyptus pauciflora (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 61, 622-632. Chapter 3 has been accepted for publication as: Gauli A, Steane DA, Vaillancourt RE, Potts BM (in press) Molecular genetic diversity and population structure in Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp.
    [Show full text]
  • Eucalyptus Odorata) Grassy Woodlands
    Advice to the Minister for the Environment and Water Resources from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee on Amendments to the List of Ecological Communities under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 1. Name A nomination was received for the Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata) Grassy Woodlands. This ecological community is confined to South Australia. The national ecological community is named the Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata) Grassy Woodland of South Australia ecological community, as this represents the dominant species present, the type of vegetation present and its distribution in South Australia only. 2. Description The Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata) Grassy Woodland of South Australia ecological community is defined by a combination of features. Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata) is the dominant species of the tree canopy. The woodland tree form (a single main trunk at the base with low branches) of Peppermint Box characterises this ecological community as opposed to the whipstick mallee form that is part of a separate ecological community. Other tree species may be present in the canopy but are never as abundant as Peppermint Box and would not be dominant parts of the tree canopy. Other tree species that may be present include Grey Box (E. microcarpa), South Australian Blue Gum (E. leucoxylon), Sugar Gum (E. cladocalyx), Mallee Box (E. porosa), Drooping Sheoak (Allocasuarina verticillata), White Cypress-pine (Callitris glaucophylla) and Southern Cypress-pine (C. preissii). The vegetation structure is an open to dense woodland. The tree canopy comprises low trees, generally 5-10 m tall but sometimes up to 15 m tall, with a typical canopy cover of 5 to 40% which can occasionally reach 70% (Hyde 1996; Robertson 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • To Obtain Approval for New Organisms in Containment
    APPLICATION FORM Containment To obtain approval for new organisms in containment Send to Environmental Protection Authority preferably by email ([email protected]) or alternatively by post (Private Bag 63002, Wellington 6140) Payment must accompany final application; see our fees and charges schedule for details. Application Number APP203338 Date 28 July 2017 www.epa.govt.nz 2 Application Form Approval for new organism in containment Completing this application form 1. This form has been approved under section 40 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act 1996. It only covers importing, development (production, fermentation or regeneration) or field test of any new organism (including genetically modified organisms (GMOs)) in containment. If you wish to make an application for another type of approval or for another use (such as an emergency, special emergency or release), a different form will have to be used. All forms are available on our website. 2. If your application is for a project approval for low-risk GMOs, please use the Containment – GMO Project application form. Low risk genetic modification is defined in the HSNO (Low Risk Genetic Modification) Regulations: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/2003/0152/latest/DLM195215.html. 3. It is recommended that you contact an Advisor at the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) as early in the application process as possible. An Advisor can assist you with any questions you have during the preparation of your application including providing advice on any consultation requirements. 4. Unless otherwise indicated, all sections of this form must be completed for the application to be formally received and assessed.
    [Show full text]
  • Eucalyptus That Are Ideal for British Gardens
    Barks, shoots and leaves Grafton Nursery grows hardy forms of Antipodean Eucalyptus that are ideal for British gardens WORDS JOHN HOYLAND PHOTOGRAPHS JASON INGRAM Gower Hilary Collins checks the growth on a selection of the hardy eucalyptus grown at Grafton Nursery. Nearby assistant grower Adam Barnes keeps the more mature trees in check with some careful pruning. 68 FOR CUTTING 1 Eucalyptus ‘Shannon Blue’ VERY FEW TREES ARE AS FASCINATING A hybrid bred for the floristry trade, this vigorous plant has stems of rounded, glaucous, silver AS EUCALYPTS: THEY ARE HIGHLY leaves. It can be grown as a hedge and retains EVOLVED AND EXTREMELY VARIED its colour through the winter. Unpruned height 10m. RHS H5†. 2 Eucalyptus nicholii An airy tree with narrow, almost feathery, sage- green leaves. Its common name – narrow-leaved black peppermint – references its strongly aromatic foliage. Unpruned height 12m. RHS H5. 3 Eucalyptus pulverulenta ‘Baby Blue’ ardeners can be blinkered, disregarding a whole A compact, bushy cultivar that can be grown in a pot. The silvery-grey stems are long-lasting genus because of the faults of a few members. when cut for flower arrangements. Unpruned Eucalyptus has suffered this fate, largely because of height 5m. RHS H5. the thuggish behaviour of Eucalyptus gunnii, the most widely available species, which will grow to huge 4 Eucalyptus gunnii proportions in a very short time. “There are far better The most widely grown species in the UK. It has peeling cream and brown bark, rounded, species,” says grower Hilary Collins. “Beautiful glaucous-blue juvenile leaves and elliptic or eucalypts for small terraces or large pots, those for sickle-shaped, grey-green adult leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • The Funereal Cockatoo on Eyre Peninsula H.P
    MARCH,1986 THE FUNEREAL COCKATOO ON EYRE PENINSULA H.P. POSSINGHAM SUMMARY Due to the small size of the population and A study was conducted into the status and conservation its likely decline, a study of it was commenced requirements of the isolated population of the Funereal in January 1984. This paper presents results of Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus on Eyre Peninsula. ,Thirty-eight birds, including four nestlings, were observed. the study using data collected up to May 1984. At least five breeding pairs were detected. The cockatoos were found most often in an area 50 ha in extent of Sugar METHODS Gum Eucalyptus cladocalyx woodland in the Wanilla Field work was conducted in the Wanilla­ district. They were recorded feeding on seeds of Aleppo Pine Pinus halepensis, Hakea rugosa and larvae extracted Koppio region (Figure 1) on twenty-eight days: from flower spikes of Broad-leaved Yacka Xanthorrhoea 8-12 January; 30 January - 3 February; 13-17 tateana. An orange wash in the tail of a nestling, a plumage February; 6-10 and 26-31 March and 5-7 May. feature previously unrecorded in this species, suggests that this population may be subspecifically distinct. Searches were made at dawn and dusk, when the birds were active, for evidence of nesting. Notes were made on the sex, behaviour and INTRODUCTION food of birds observed. Three age and sex The Funereal Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus phases, adult male, adult female and immature funereus occurs in south-eastern Australia from male, were distinguished by plumage and south-eastern Queensland to the Mount Lofty behavioural characters (see Saunders 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Years of the Eucalyptus Tortoise Beetle in New Zealand Toni Withers and Elise Peters
    Professional papers 100 years of the eucalyptus tortoise beetle in New Zealand Toni Withers and Elise Peters Abstract Arrival and spread The eucalyptus tortoise beetle, Paropsis charybdis, The eucalyptus tortoise beetle, Paropsis charybdis, has been one of the most successful insect pests to was first located at Coopers Knob on Banks Peninsula in invade New Zealand. One hundred years have now 1916 (Thomson, 1922). Clark (1938) speculated that ‘the passed, and yet this pest continues to cause anxiety insect was probably imported in the egg or early larval to forest managers and impact the growth of eucalypt stages upon young eucalypt plants, although possibly plantations. Research shows there are serious cost hibernating adults may have entered the country implications for plantation managers if they neglect under the bark of imported Australian hardwoods.’ All to manage tortoise beetle outbreaks across multiple we know for sure is that the pest established quickly seasons. Many attempts have been made to control in Canterbury. Those founding individuals arrived this insect pest with biological control agents imported without any of the natural enemies that regulate their from its native Australia, with some success. number in Australia. Scion is hoping to introduce yet another natural In New Zealand, the only insects since observed enemy in 2018, a braconid parasitoid that targets the attacking tortoise beetle larvae are some predatory larval life stage. The importance of integrating aerial pentatomids (bugs) (Valentine, 1967). So with spray technologies with biological control agents to conditions perfect for its rapid population growth, minimise negative impacts on these beneficial insects the eucalyptus tortoise beetle spread steadily through cannot be under-estimated.
    [Show full text]