CONTENTS 14 Chronology 18 Acknowledgements 20 Permissions 22 Publisher’s Introduction 24 Introduction 30 SECTION ONE: A COUNTRY IN PARALYSIS? 33 J.M. Synge, ‘A Landlord’s Garden in County Wicklow’ 37 Emily Lawless—from: ‘Famine Roads and Famine Memories’ 40 Peig Sayers, A Battle That Never Happened 42 Douglas Hyde—from: ‘The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland’ 47 D.P. Moran—from: ‘The Future of the Irish Nation’ 49 James Joyce—from: ‘Ivy Day in the Committee Room’ 51 Augusta Gregory—from: ‘Ireland Real, and Ideal’ 53 Michael Davitt—from: The Fall of Feudalism in Ireland 56 SECTION TWO: A THOUGHT REVIVAL 59 Standish O’Grady—from: ‘A Wet Day’ 63 Standish O’Grady—from: ‘The Great Enchantment’ 65 W.B. Yeats, O’Grady as Elegist for Anglo-Ireland 66 Alice Milligan, ‘When I Was a Little Girl’ 68 J.M. Synge, ‘The Irish Intellectual Movement’ 73 John Eglinton—from: A Thought Revival 74 George Russell (AE)—from: ‘Village Libraries’ 76 Constance Markiewicz—from: ‘Women, Ideals and the Nation’ 79 Mary Colum—from: Life and the Dream handbook of the irish revival Copyright 2016 University of Notre Dame 81 SECTION THREE: MOVEMENTS AND MANIFESTOS 85 Michael Cusack, ‘A Word about Irish Athletics’ 87 Objects of the Irish National Literary Society 88 from: The Gaelic League Annual Report 90 Horace Plunkett, The Aims of the Co-operative Movement 91 Opening Statement of the Irish Literary Theatre 92 Objects of Inghinidhe na hÉireann (Daughters of Ireland) 94 from: Manifesto of the Ulster Literary Theatre 96 from: Report on the Inaugural Feis na nGleann 97 Sinn Féin Resolutions 98 from: Pearse’s letter to Eoin MacNeill on the founding of St. Enda’s School 99 Ellice Pilkington—from: ‘The United Irishwomen: Their Work’ 100 ‘Ulster’s Solemn League and Covenant’ 101 The Constitution of the Irish Citizen Army 102 Constitution of The Irish Volunteers 103 Cumann na mBan (Irish Women’s Council) 104 Poblacht Na hÉireann (Proclamation of the Irish Republic) 106 The Democratic Programme of the First Dáil Éireann 108 from: The Anglo-Irish Treaty 109 SECTION FOUR: LANGUAGE REVIVAL 112 Eugene O’Growney—from: Preface to Simple Lessons in Irish 114 Louis Paul-Dubois—from: Contemporary Ireland 115 Robert Atkinson—from: ‘The Irish Language and Irish Intermediate Education’ 116 W.B. Yeats—from: ‘The Academic Class and the Agrarian Revolution’ 118 George Moore—from: ‘Literature and the Irish Language’ 119 An tAthair Peadar Ó Laoghaire—from: My Own Story 121 Frederick Ryan—from: ‘Is the Gaelic League a Progressive Force?’ 125 Stephen Gwynn—from: ‘In Praise of the Gaelic League’ 127 J.M. Synge, ‘Can We Go Back Into Our Mother’s Womb?’ 129 Patrick Pearse, A Gaelic Modernism? contents Copyright 2016 University of Notre Dame 131 SECTION FIVE: AN IRISH LITERATURE IN ENGLISH? 135 Stopford A. Brooke—from: ‘The Need and Use of Getting Irish Literature into the English Tongue’ 137 Douglas Hyde—from: ‘The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland’ 138 Douglas Hyde—from: ‘A Óganaigh an Chúil Cheangailte\ Ringleted Youth of My Love’ 142 Mary Colum—from: Life and the Dream 144 Patrick Pearse, Letter to the Editor, An Claidheamh Soluis 146 D.P. Moran—from: ‘The Battle of Two Civilisations’ 148 W.B. Yeats—from: ‘The Literary Movement in Ireland’ 149 W.B. Yeats, Hiberno-English 151 William Rooney, ‘Is there an Anglo-Irish Literature?’ 152 Ethna Carbery, ‘Mo Bhuachaill Cael-Dubh\My Black Slender Boy’ 153 Thomas MacDonagh—from: Literature in Ireland ‘The Irish Note’ 154 SECTION SIX: THEATRE MATTERS 158 Augusta Gregory—from: Our Irish Theatre 159 Harry Phibbs, ‘Irish National Clubs 1900-1907’ 160 Alice Milligan—from: ‘Staging and Costume in Irish Drama’ 162 John Eglinton, ‘What Should be the Subjects of a National Drama?’ 164 James Joyce—from: ‘The Day of the Rabblement’ 166 Frank J. Fay—from: ‘The Irish Literary Theatre’ 167 Augusta Gregory and W.B. Yeats—from: Cathleen Ní Houlihan 169 Thomas Keohler—from: ‘The Irish National Theatre’ 170 W.B. Yeats—from: ‘Opening Speech at the Abbey Theatre Playboy Debate’ 171 Eugene O’Neill—interview: ‘On the Irish Players’ 173 Máire Nic Shiubhlaigh—from: The Splendid Years 174 W.B. Yeats—from: ‘The Irish Dramatic Movement’ 176 W.B. Yeats—interview: ‘State Endowment for the Abbey Theatre’ 178 Sean O’Casey—from: The Plough and the Stars handbook of the irish revival Copyright 2016 University of Notre Dame 180 SECTION SEVEN: THE NATURAL WORLD 184 W.B. Yeats, ‘The Lake Isle of Innisfree’ 185 J.M. Synge—from: ‘Autobiography’ 187 Emily Lawless—from: ‘North Clare: Leaves from a Diary’ 188 William Rooney—from: ‘Irish Topography’ 190 Agnes O’Farrelly (Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh)—from: Smaointe ar Árainn 192 Eva Gore-Booth, ‘Women’s Rights’ 193 William Bulfin—from: Rambles in Éirinn 195 George Bernard Shaw—from: ‘A Visit to Skellig Michael’ 196 George Moore—from: Salve 198 Robert Lloyd Praeger—from: ‘The Fauna and Flora of Ireland’ 200 SECTION EIGHT: MIND, EMOTION AND SPIRIT 203 W.B. Yeats, ‘Irish Fairies’ 205 George Sigerson—from: ‘Fand and Cuchulain’ 206 Mary Battle, Prophecies 207 W.B. Yeats, ‘The Valley of the Black Pig’ 208 Eoin MacNeill—from: Phases of Irish History 210 Kuno Meyer—from: ‘Ancient Irish Poetry’ 211 J.M. Synge, ‘The Oppression of the Hills’ 215 SECTION NINE: RELIGION 218 W.B. Yeats, ‘The Secret Rose’ 220 Joseph Mary Plunkett, ‘The Little Black Rose Shall Be Red at Last’ 221 James and Margaret Cousins, Worlds Within Worlds 224 Patrick Pearse, ‘Fornocht Do Chonac Thú\Naked I Saw Thee’ 226 Frederick Ryan—from: ‘Church Disestablishment in France and Ireland’ 228 Father Michael O’Riordan—from: Catholicity and Progress in Ireland 232 Elizabeth Burke-Plunkett—from: Seventy Years Young: Memories of Elizabeth, Countess of Fingall 234 John Eglinton—from: ‘The Weak Point of the Celtic Movement’ contents Copyright 2016 University of Notre Dame 237 SECTION TEN: THE WIDER WORLD 241 Maud Gonne and the Boer War 246 W.B. Yeats in America—interview: ‘We Are Unlike the English in All Except Language’ 248 John Eglinton, Letter to Sir Horace Plunkett 253 Sir Horace Plunkett, Letter to John Eglinton 256 Arthur Griffith—from: ‘The Resurrection of Hungary’ 258 Patrick Pearse—from: ‘Belgium and its Schools’ 263 Rabindranath Tagore—from: The Post Office 265 Roger Casement, Human Rights 267 Eoin MacNeill, Imperialism 270 SECTION ELEVEN: EDUCATION, AND POPULAR CULTURE 275 Mary E.L. Butler—from: ‘Irish Women’s Education’ 277 Maud Gonne, Children’s Treats 279 Percy French, ‘The Queen’s After-Dinner Speech’ 282 Augusta Gregory, ‘The Boy-Deeds of Cuchulain’ 285 Patrick Pearse—from: ‘The Murder Machine’ 289 John E. Kennedy, ‘The Debate on National Dress’ 291 Douglas Hyde, Irish Clothing 292 J.M. Synge—from: The Aran Islands 293 from: The Dun Emer Industries Prospectus 295 ‘An Feis Ceoil/An tOireachtas’ 296 Patrick Pearse, ‘Óro ’Sé Do Bheatha Abhaile’ 298 Jack Judge, ‘It’s A Long Way to Tipperary’ 300 Percy French, ‘The Mountains of Mourne’ 302 J. M. Synge, The Grief of the Keen 303 Dermot O’Byrne/Arnold Bax, Music in Ireland 305 W.B. Yeats, An Abbey School of Ballet handbook of the irish revival Copyright 2016 University of Notre Dame 307 SECTION TWELVE: SOCIAL CONDITIONS 312 Maud Gonne—from: The Distress in the West 314 J.M. Synge—from: ‘The Inner Lands of Mayo’ 316 Irish Homestead Competition 317 James Connolly—from: ‘The Language Movement’ 319 Sean O’Casey—from: Drums Under the Windows 322 from: ‘The Great Revival: A Wave of Temperance’ 325 Susanne R. Day—from: ‘The Workhouse Child’ 327 James Larkin—from: ‘Larkin’s Scathing Indictment of Dublin Sweaters’ 329 James Joyce—from: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 331 Padraic Colum—from: The Road Round Ireland 335 SECTION THIRTEEN: WOMEN AND CITIZENSHIP 340 Anna Parnell, ‘The Journey’ 342 Mary Hayden—from: ‘Women Citizens—Their Duties and Their Training’ 346 James Connolly—from: ‘The Reconquest of Ireland’ 349 Hanna Sheehy Skeffington: ‘Sinn Féin and Irishwomen’ 352 Mary McSwiney—from: ‘Suffragists and Home Rule: A Plea for Common Sense’ 355 Constance Markiewicz, ‘Experiences of a Woman Patrol’ 357 Constance Markiewicz—from: ‘The Woman With a Garden’ 358 SECTION FOURTEEN: A SOVEREIGN PEOPLE 362 William Rooney—from: ‘The Development of the National Ideal’ 364 Maud Gonne, ‘The Famine Queen’ 368 W.B. Yeats—from: ‘Noble and Ignoble Loyalties’ 370 J.M. Synge—from: ‘Possible Remedies’ 372 James Joyce—from: ‘Home Rule Comes of Age’ 373 John Redmond—from: ‘Speech at Woodenbridge’ 375 Patrick Pearse—from: ‘The Separatist Idea’ 377 James Connolly, ‘The Irish Flag’ 380 Sean O’Casey—from: The Story of Thomas Ashe contents Copyright 2016 University of Notre Dame 381 SECTION FIFTEEN: MILITARISM/MODERNISM 388 James Connolly—from: ‘Erin’s Hope’ 392 Helena Molony—from: ‘National Activities’ 396 Peadar Kearney—from: ‘The Soldiers’ Song’/‘Amhrán na bhFiann’ 397 George Russell—from: ‘Physical Force in Literature’ 399 John Frederick MacNeice, ‘On Refusing to Sign the Ulster Covenant’ 401 Eoin MacNeill—from: ‘The North Began’ 404 Francis Sheehy Skeffington, ‘The Writing on the Wall’ 407 Diarmuid Coffey, The Ousting of Douglas Hyde from the Presidency of the Gaelic League, Dundalk 409 Patrick Pearse, Speech at the Grave of O’Donovan Rossa 412 Francis Sheehy Skeffington—from: ‘Ireland and the War’ 416 Augustine Birrell—from: Things Past Redress 418 Sean (Joe) Keegan, The Countermanding Order 423 James Stephens—from: The Insurrection in Dublin 427 Louise Gavan Duffy, Kitchen Duty in the Post Office, Easter Week 1916 433 Father Aloysius Travers—from: Diary of Easter Week 1916 442 Monk Gibbon—from: Inglorious Soldier 444 W.B. Yeats: ‘Easter 1916’ 447 Maud Gonne, Letter to W.B.