DOCSLIB.ORG

Shuttle Diplomacy” in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Retrospect and Realities

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shuttle Diplomacy” in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Retrospect and Realities Issue 2 (20), 2020 MFA VIRTUAL PROMOTE REPRESENT INSTRUMENTS BUSINESS CYBER DIGITAL COMMERCIAL PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS REALPOLITIK TWIPLOMACY DIPLOMACYCHALLENGES PRESENCE TRADE CONVENTIONALEFFECTIVENESS TECHNOLOGIES ANNIVERSARY • CONVENTIONAL DIPLOMACY • DIGITAL DIPLOMACY • QUARANTINE DIPLOMACY 5YEARS UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (20), 2020 1 BOARD OF ADVISERS Dr. Dimitar Bechev (Bulgaria, Director of the European Policy Institute) Issue 2 (20), 2020 Dr. Iulian Chifu Analysis and Early Warning Center) (Romania, Director of the Conflict Diplomacy Amb., Dr. Sergiy Korsunsky (Ukraine, Director of the Diplomatic Academy under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine) Editors Dr. Igor Koval (Ukraine, Rector of Odessa National Dr. Hanna Shelest University by I.I. Mechnikov) Dr. Mykola Kapitonenko Marcel Röthig (Germany, Director of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Ukraine) Publisher: Published by NGO “Promotion of Intercultural (United Kingdom, Head of the Russia Cooperation” (Ukraine), Centre of International James Nixey and Eurasia Programme at Chatham House, the Royal Institute of International Affairs) of the Representation of the Friedrich Ebert Studies (Ukraine), with the financial support Foundation in Ukraine, the Black Sea Trust. Dr. Róbert Ondrejcsák (Slovakia, former State Secretary, Ministry of Defence) UA: Ukraine Analytica analytical journal in English on International is the first Ukrainian Amb., Dr. Oleg Shamshur (Ukraine, former Relations, Politics and Economics. The journal Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of is aimed for experts, diplomats, academics, Ukraine to France) students interested in the international relations and Ukraine in particular. Dr. Stephan De Spiegeleire (The Netherlands, Director Defence Transformation at The Hague Contacts: Center for Strategic Studies) website: http://ukraine-analytica.org/ e-mail: [email protected] Ivanna Klympush-Tsintsadze (Ukraine, Head Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ of the Parliamentary Committee on European ukraineanalytica Integration) Twitter: https://twitter.com/UA_Analytica Dr. Dimitris Triantaphyllou (Greece, Director of The views and opinions expressed in the Center for International and European Studies, articles are those of the authors and do not Kadir Has University (Turkey)) Analytica, its editors, Board of Advisors or Dr. Asle Toje (Norway, Research Director at the necessarily reflect the position of UA: Ukraine donors. Norwegian Nobel Institute) ISSN 2518-7481 500 copies UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (20), 2020 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE LIMITS OF DIPLOMACY’S EFFECTIVENESS ARE WHERE WE ARE ABLE TO EXPAND THEM 3 Interview with H.E. Amb. Dmytro Kuleba, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Ukraine DIPLOMACY IN A WORLD TO COME 6 Sergiy Korsunsky CONVENTIONAL DIPLOMACY VS DIGITAL REALITY 11 Viktoriia Gulenko DIGITAL DIPLOMACY: HOW INTERNATIONAL ACTORS TRANSFORM THEIR FOREIGN POLICY ACTIVITY 19 Nataliya Pipchenko CYBER DIPLOMACY: AN INTANGIBLE REALITY OR A FAIT ACCOMPLI? 26 Olga Rusova TIME FOR A NEW DIPLOMACY? 34 Andriy Voynarovsky PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN COMMERCIAL DIPLOMACY 41 Piotr Hajdecki “SHUTTLE DIPLOMACY” IN THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT: RETROSPECT AND REALITIES 50 Iryna Zubarenko 2 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (20), 2020 “SHUTTLE DIPLOMACY” IN THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT: RETROSPECT AND REALITIES Dr. Iryna Zubarenko Odessa I. I. Mechnikov National University The primary purpose of the article is to demonstrate in retrospect the practical implementation of “shuttle diplomacy” in resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict. Taking into consideration the fact that “shuttle diplomacy”, whose success falls to the first half of the 1970s, exerted the biggest influence on Egypt among all the conflicting parties, the article presents historical facts that can serve to study this phenomenon. The analysis of the US-Egyptian relations in the context of “shuttle diplomacy” is based on striving to crystallise both positive and negative experiences and shows why this model of interaction is limited. Setting the Scene diplomacy” by focusing on his personal The issue of resolving the Arab-Israeli Some officials blame Kissinger for “shuttle towards Israel.1 Nevertheless, a number territorial problems that were exacerbated sympathiesof factors that and are Washington’s presented officialin the articlepolicy byconflict the Six-Dayremains War relevant in 1967 to gavethis day.rise toThe a indicate his ability to keep balance skilfully series of misunderstandings and, in some in the triangle of ties among the United cases, a hostile relationship between the States, Israel, and Egypt. In this sense, the experience of Kissinger’s “shuttle diplomacy” 1970s, it had become clear that a peaceful may be useful for today’s cases due to the settlementconflicting parties.between By Israel the beginning and the ofArabs the current geopolitical situation in which the would imply a search for new ways of bipolarity of the international relations interaction. The desire of Arab leaders to system has lost its former importance. take revenge through the ensuing war had turned into a failure. It was that moment when the famous “shuttle diplomacy” of Dictionary as “discussions between two or Henry Kissinger, the US national security more“Shuttle countries, diplomacy” in iswhich defined someone by Cambridge travels adviser, was used to mitigate the long- between the different countries, talking to the governments involved, carrying standing conflict. 1 (M. Heikal, Autumn of Fury: The Story about the Beginning and the End of Sadat’s Epoch, Dar Ash-Sharaf: Cairo 1983, p. 122). 50 UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (20), 2020 messages, and suggesting ways of dealing As for practical implementation of “shuttle with problems”. 2 diplomacy” in the 1970s regarding the The very idea of “shuttle diplomacy” was to hold separate bilateral negotiations put forward in the late 1960s by W. Michael Arab-Israeli conflict, the key point was Reisman, a professor at Yale Law School, who tried in his work The Art of the Possible: agreeingbetween onUS theofficials most andeffective representatives course of Diplomatic Alternatives in the Middle East to action.of the conflictingThe idea partiesof “shuttle with diplomacy”a view to give it a certain historical and legal basis. By was presented to the Arabs almost as a describing the multidimensionality of this reorientation of the US Middle East policy. region with its various economic systems, ideologies, faiths, and religious trends, concern about it, having contributed in fact Reisman found it impossible to elaborate toOfficial the growingTel Aviv, intransigence for its part, didof thenot Israelicause a comprehensive approach to resolving position. It was not only a matter of ways how to implement “shuttle diplomacy”, but issues seemed to be reduced to the US- also of who carried it out. President Richard Sovietthe Arab-Israeli confrontation. conflict, “Relations in which betweenall acute Nixon entrusted maintaining contacts with Israel and Egypt, Israel and Syria, Israel and the Israeli government to National Security Jordan and Palestinian people”, Reisman Adviser Kissinger, who was also well known wrote, “are a series of problems and each as a skilful defender of the Rockefellers’ of them requires a special approach and a separate diplomatic strategy”.3 Under interests. the special approach, he meant not a and some other influential Jewish families’ radical solution for the Middle East peace It is worthwhile to mention that political settlement but partial, separate agreements leadership shift in Egypt in October 1970 on certain issues. Reisman proposed to became one of the most favourable factors begin with the establishment of a so-called for conducting “shuttle diplomacy”. The minimum order in the Middle East, the idea of a rapprochement with the United most important component of which, in his States based on their ability to maintain opinion, could be “a project for the Sinai contact with both parties of the Arab- Peninsula comprehensive development” under effective external control. He strongly on Tel Aviv pushed President Anwar Sadat recommended creating an international toIsraeli take conflict radical andsteps. to exertOn 17 some July influence1972, he corporation titled the Sinai Development announced the termination of the mission Trust whose fund would consist of the of 15,000 Soviet military advisers and USA, the Middle East counties, and other specialists in Egypt, who had been assisting interested parties’ contributions. Egypt, in in the reorganisation of the Egyptian accordance with that idea, had to transfer armed forces since 1968. The reaction of the Suez Canal to the trust as a concession American decision-makers to this event was for a period of 50 years while retaining rather ironic. One of the most outstanding sovereignty over its territory. Egyptian scholars, Mohamed Heikal, quoted 2 Shuttle Diplomacy, “Cambridge Dictionary”, Cambridge University Press 2019 [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/shuttle diplomacy access: 16 July 2019]. 3 W.M. Reisman, The Art of the Possible: Diplomatic Alternatives in the Middle East, Princeton University Press: Princeton 1970, p. 20. UA: Ukraine Analytica · 2 (20), 2020 51 Kissinger: “If Sadat had informed us about At two secret meetings with Egyptian such his intention earlier, we would have National Security Adviser Hafez Izmail, given him something in return. However, in which took place in Paris (February and politics just like in any other business, no April 1973),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • KAS International Reports 10/2015
    38 KAS INTERNATIONAL REPORTS 10|2015 MICROSTATE AND SUPERPOWER THE VATICAN IN INTERNATIONAL POLITICS Christian E. Rieck / Dorothee Niebuhr At the end of September, Pope Francis met with a triumphal reception in the United States. But while he performed the first canonisation on U.S. soil in Washington and celebrated mass in front of two million faithful in Philadelphia, the attention focused less on the religious aspects of the trip than on the Pope’s vis- its to the sacred halls of political power. On these occasions, the Pope acted less in the role of head of the Church, and therefore Christian E. Rieck a spiritual one, and more in the role of diplomatic actor. In New is Desk officer for York, he spoke at the United Nations Sustainable Development Development Policy th and Human Rights Summit and at the 70 General Assembly. In Washington, he was in the Department the first pope ever to give a speech at the United States Congress, of Political Dialogue which received widespread attention. This was remarkable in that and Analysis at the Konrad-Adenauer- Pope Francis himself is not without his detractors in Congress and Stiftung in Berlin he had, probably intentionally, come to the USA directly from a and member of visit to Cuba, a country that the United States has a difficult rela- its Working Group of Young Foreign tionship with. Policy Experts. Since the election of Pope Francis in 2013, the Holy See has come to play an extremely prominent role in the arena of world poli- tics. The reasons for this enhanced media visibility firstly have to do with the person, the agenda and the biography of this first non-European Pope.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediation Start-Up GUIDELINES 2011
    UNITED NATIONS DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AFFAIRS Mediation Start-up GUIDELINES 2011 POLICY AND MEDIATION DIVISION DPA MEDIATION SUPPORT UNIT While much guidance has been written on the art of mediation itself, very little attention has been paid to operational aspects. These Guidelines seek to fill this gap by providing guidance to managers, desk officers and field staff of the UN Department of Politi- cal Affairs (DPA) on the start-up and establishment of mediation initiatives led, co-led or supported by the United Nations. Their purpose is to consolidate DPA’s institutional knowledge on strategy develop- ment, planning, support and coordination aspects of mediation initiatives. www.un.org/depts/dpa www.un.org/peacemaker United Nations New York, 2011 iii UN/DPA Mediation Start-up Guidelines Contents click on any title to jump to its location A. RATIONALE AND PURPOSE . 1 B. SCOPE . 3 C. GUIDELINES . 5 1. Introduction: overview of the start-up phase and specific objectives . 5 2. Sequencing priorities in the short and medium term . 8 PART I. STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR MEDIATION ENGAGEMENTS . 11 3. Assessment and decision-making . 11 3.1. Understanding a conflict and opportunities for resolution: Click on any title to title any on Click conflict analysis . 11 jump to its location 3.2. Mediation vs. other forms of third-party intervention . 12 3.3. The importance of strategic coordination with other actors . 14 3.4. Leadership of the mediation effort . 16 3.5. Deciding on a mode of engagement . 18 3 .5 .1 . Indirect roles . 19 3 .5 .1 .1 . Diplomatic support for a process led by another organization .
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Africa File
    SouthernSouthern AfricaAfrica FileFile March-May 2013 Issue 2 Contents NZ Foreign Minister visits southern Africa 2 Credentials presentations 3 NZ Foreign Minister Meets Namibian Rugby 4 Cape Argus Media Article 4-5 Development Scholarships for Africa 5 New Zealand Aid and ChildFund in Zambia 6 Mozambique flood relief contribution 6 SA/NZ Senior Officials’ Talks 7 Advice for travellers to Africa 7 New Zealand Natural arrives in SA 8 Business Profile: Zambia 9 Africa by the Numbers 10 New Zealand Chief Justice in Cape Town 11 Anzac Day in Africa 12 Staff moves 12 Above: a woman carrying child and cassava in Maputo. Photo: Richard Mann Above: Three Chiefs Monument, Gaborone, Botswana Photo: Richard Mann New Zealand High Commission Pretoria | Te Aka Aorere T +27 12 435 9000 F +27 12 435 9002 E [email protected] Above: Elephants in Amboseli National Park, Rift Valley, Kenya. Photo: Russell Chilton 125 Middel Street , Nieuw Muckleneuk, Pretoria 0181 www.nzembassy.com/south-africa www.facebook.com/nzhcsouthafrica New Zealand Foreign Minister visits southern Africa It was “shuttle diplomacy” New Zealand style, for a busy Foreign Minister. In April, New Zealand Foreign Minister Murray McCully visited six countries in six days in southern Africa, as part of New Zealand’s expanding engagement with Africa. Basing himself at a hotel at OR Tambo airport in Johannesburg, Mr McCully travelled to Botswana, Lesotho, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia and Pretoria. OR Tambo served as an excellent hub. Plan B Mr McCully with South African Foreign Minister Hon was only necessary when the weather closed in on the Maite Nkoana-Mashabane delegation in Lesotho, resulting in a quick drive courtesy of the Lesotho Foreign Ministry to neighbouring Bloemfontein to fly back for an evening meeting with the South African Foreign Minister in Pretoria.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Engagement in Libya: Diplomacy in a Protracted Conflict
    U.S. Engagement in Libya: Diplomacy in a Protracted Conflict January 2019 AUTHORS Princeton University | Woodrow Wilson School | 3 U. S. Engagement in Libya: Diplomacy in a Protracted Conflict Authors Advisor Jessie Durrett Amb. (r) Daniel Kurtzer James Fromson Sakari Ishetiar Hanna Kim Amn Nasir Mia Newman Sepideh Soltaninia 4 | U . S . Engagement i n L i b y a PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS _____________________________________________________________________________________ This is the final report of a 2018 Policy Ambassador Kurtzer, anyone interviewed for Workshop, the capstone project of the Master this workshop, or any individual student. in Public Affairs program at Princeton We would like to thank Dean Cecilia E. Rouse, University’s Woodrow Wilson School of Public Associate Dean Karen McGuinness, Associate and International Affairs, produced by 10 Director of Finance and Administration Jeffrey graduate students under the direction of Oakman, Faculty Assistant Bernadette Yeager, Daniel Kurtzer, former U.S. Ambassador to and everyone at the Woodrow Wilson School Egypt and Israel. who helped make this workshop possible. This report is based on nearly 50 interviews conducted with Libyan and international diplomats, policymakers, UN personnel, researchers, NGO staff, Libyan civil society leaders, and journalists in the United States, Tunisia, and Egypt. All interviews, both in English and Arabic, were conducted off-the- record to ensure interlocutors’ maximum candor. Desk review of primary documents (Arabic and English) and secondary literature related to Libya also informs this report. As a collaborative project, the report does not represent the views of Princeton University, 1 1 Cover Image: “Libyan Rebels Fighting Forces of Gadhafi: Libyan Conflict”, courtesy of Global Military Review.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus
    Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus DECEMBER 2011 INTERNATIONAL PEACE INSTITUTE Cover Photo: UN Secretary-General ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ban Ki-moon (left) is received by Guillaume Soro, Prime Minister of IPI owes a debt of thanks to its many donors, whose Côte d'Ivoire, at Yamoussoukro support makes publications like this one possible. In partic - airport. May 21, 2011. © UN ular, IPI would like to thank the governments of Finland, Photo/Basile Zoma. Norway, and Sweden for their generous contributions to The views expressed in this paper IPI's Coping with Crisis Program. Also, IPI would like to represent those of the authors and thank the Mediation Support Unit of the UN Department of not necessarily those of IPI. IPI Political Affairs for giving it the opportunity to contribute welcomes consideration of a wide range of perspectives in the pursuit to the process that led up to the Secretary-General's report of a well-informed debate on critical on preventive diplomacy. policies and issues in international affairs. IPI Publications Adam Lupel, Editor and Senior Fellow Marie O’Reilly, Publications Officer Suggested Citation: Francesco Mancini, ed., “Preventive Diplomacy: Regions in Focus,” New York: International Peace Institute, December 2011. © by International Peace Institute, 2011 All Rights Reserved www.ipinst.org CONTENTS Introduction . 1 Francesco Mancini Preventive Diplomacy in Africa: Adapting to New Realities . 4 Fabienne Hara Optimizing Preventive-Diplomacy Tools: A Latin American Perspective . 15 Sandra Borda Preventive Diplomacy in Southeast Asia: Redefining the ASEAN Way . 28 Jim Della-Giacoma Preventive Diplomacy on the Korean Peninsula: What Role for the United Nations? . 35 Leon V.
    [Show full text]
  • 1.The Challenges of 21St-Century Diplomacy
    Introduction Oxford Handbooks Online Introduction: The Challenges of 21st-Century Diplomacy Andrew F. Cooper, Jorge Heine, and Ramesh Thakur The Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy Edited by Andrew F. Cooper, Jorge Heine, and Ramesh Thakur Print Publication Date: Mar 2013 Subject: Political Science, International Relations, Political Institutions Online Publication Date: Aug DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199588862.013.0001 2013 Abstract and Keywords This introductory article first sets out the book’s main purpose, which is to display the importance of diplomacy along with its attendant capacity for adaptation. It then discusses the nature and meaning of diplomacy, its emerging patterns of practice, and its relevance for not only policy-makers but also a wider cast of actors and set of social interaction. The subject matter of diplomacy has expanded, from the high politics of war and peace to health, environment, development, science and technology, education, law, and the arts. Diplomats are engaged in an expanding range of functions, from negotiation, communication, consular, representation, and reporting to observation, merchandise trade and services promotion, cultural exchange, and public relations. At the same time, with more work has come a greater amount of ‘bureaucratization’, where routine, precedent, and standard operating procedures dominate the daily administrative tasks. Keywords: diplomacy, adaptation, diplomatic practice, social interaction ‘Can it be that in wading through the plethora of business plans, capability reviews . and other excrescences of the management age, we have indeed forgotten what diplomacy is all about?’—Sir Ivor Roberts, the departing British ambassador to Italy.1 The essence of diplomacy has never disappeared. Yet amid the complexities of the 21st century, the manner by which these core ingredients express themselves can be overshadowed by a myriad of contextual factors both structural and situational.
    [Show full text]
  • International Relations in a Changing World: a New Diplomacy? Edward Finn
    INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN A CHANGING WORLD: A NEW DIPLOMACY? EDWARD FINN Edward Finn is studying Comparative Literature in Latin and French at Princeton University. INTRODUCTION The revolutionary power of technology to change reality forces us to re-examine our understanding of the international political system. On a fundamental level, we must begin with the classic international relations debate between realism and liberalism, well summarised by Stephen Walt.1 The third paradigm of constructivism provides the key for combining aspects of both liberalism and realism into a cohesive prediction for the political future. The erosion of sovereignty goes hand in hand with the burgeoning Information Age’s seemingly unstoppable mechanism for breaking down physical boundaries and the conceptual systems grounded upon them. Classical realism fails because of its fundamental assumption of the traditional sovereignty of the actors in its system. Liberalism cannot adequately quantify the nebulous connection between prosperity and freedom, which it assumes as an inherent truth, in a world with lucrative autocracies like Singapore and China. Instead, we have to accept the transformative power of ideas or, more directly, the technological, social, economic and political changes they bring about. From an American perspective, it is crucial to examine these changes, not only to understand their relevance as they transform the US, but also their effects in our evolving global relationships.Every development in international relations can be linked to some event that happened in the past, but never before has so much changed so quickly at such an expansive global level. In the first section of this article, I will examine the nature of recent technological changes in diplomacy and the larger derivative effects in society, which relate to the future of international politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Kissinger's Record: War and Terrorism
    Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 17, Number 44, November 16, 1990 Once the revolt against King �ussein began, Israeli intel­ ligence on Sept. 20 reported that there was a massive invasion of Syria by Jordanian tanks to defend the Palestinians. Kis­ Kissinger's record: singer circulated these wildly exaggerated estimates in the name of the CIA, without revealing their Israeli origin. An­ war and terrorism drew N. Killgore of the State Department later said: "We started getting these reports as if it were EI Alamein. They were invading in full force." by Scott Thompson Kissinger argued that the Soviets were backing Syria to the hilt, to challenge the United States. As Kissinger brought On April 11, 1989, at a press conference of the Trilateral the world to the brink, Syrian Air Force Gen. Hafez aI-Assad Commission in Paris, Henry Kissinger said that he never lets refused to provide air cover for �yria's tanks, forcing their morality interfere with policymaking, which is one reason withdrawal from Lebanon. This gave Kissinger a "victory," why he "rather likes" Syria's Hafez aI-Assad. "God may for having faced down the Soviets. punish me" for it, Kissinger said. As a result of the crisis, King Hussein expelled all Pales­ Kissinger's relationship with Assad spans two decades, tinian organizations from Jordan; despite the fact that PLO and he was instrumental, with Israeli intelligence, in the leader Yasser Arafat suspended George Habash's Popular November 1970 coup that made Assad the strongman of Front for the Liberation of Palestine, whose terrorist acts had Syria.
    [Show full text]
  • Sport and Diplomacy
    David Black and Byron Peacock Sport and Diplomacy pp. 708-725 edited by Andrew F. Cooper, Jorge Heine, and Ramesh Thakur., (2013) The Oxford handbook of modern diplomacy Oxford University Press Staff and students of University of London - School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) are reminded that copyright subsists in this extract and the work from which it was taken. This Digital Copy has been made under the terms of a CLA licence which allows you to: • access and download a copy; • print out a copy; Please note that this material is for use ONLY by students registered on the course of study as stated in the section below. All other staff and students are only entitled to browse the material and should not download and/or print out a copy. This Digital Copy and any digital or printed copy supplied to or made by you under the terms of this Licence are for use in connection with this Course of Study. You may retain such copies after the end of the course, but strictly for your own personal use. All copies (including electronic copies) shall include this Copyright Notice and shall be destroyed and/or deleted if and when required by University of London - School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). Except as provided for by copyright law, no further copying, storage or distribution (including by e-mail) is permitted without the consent of the copyright holder. The author (which term includes artists and other visual creators) has moral rights in the work and neither staff nor students may cause, or permit, the distortion, mutilation or other modification of the work, or any other derogatory treatment of it, which would be prejudicial to the honour or reputation of the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Policy Paper and Case Studies Capturing UN Preventive Diplomacy Success: How and Why Does It Work?
    United Nations University Centre for Policy Research UN Preventive Diplomacy April 2018 Policy Paper and Case Studies Capturing UN Preventive Diplomacy Success: How and Why Does It Work? Dr. Laurie Nathan Professor of the Practice of Mediation and Director of the Mediation Program, Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame Adam Day Senior Policy Advisor, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan João Honwana Former Director in the UN Department of Political Affairs Dr. Rebecca Brubaker Policy Advisor, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan © 2018 United Nations University. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-92-808-9077-8 Acknowledgements UNU-CPR is deeply grateful to the Permanent Mission of the United Kingdom to the United Nations for its support to this project. Special thanks go to Thomas Wheeler who was the focal point for both prevention-related projects. UNU-CPR worked in close partnership with the UN Department of Political Affairs throughout this project and benefited greatly from the time and substantive inputs of Teresa Whitfield and Dirk Druet in particular. UNU-CPR would like to thank participants for their contributions to the project’s mid-point peer-review process, including Roxaneh Bazergan, Richard Gowan, Michele Griffin, Marc Jacquand, Asif Khan, Karin Landgren, Ian Martin, Abdel- Fatau Musah, Jake Sherman, and Oliver Ulich. Numerous individuals provided helpful input for and feedback on the country case studies that form the empirical foundation for this project. They are acknowledged in the respective case study chapters in this volume. We are deeply grateful for their support. Finally, we are especially grateful to Emma Hutchinson for her invaluable editorial support to this project.
    [Show full text]
  • Camp David's Shadow
    Camp David’s Shadow: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinian Question, 1977-1993 Seth Anziska Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Seth Anziska All rights reserved ABSTRACT Camp David’s Shadow: The United States, Israel, and the Palestinian Question, 1977-1993 Seth Anziska This dissertation examines the emergence of the 1978 Camp David Accords and the consequences for Israel, the Palestinians, and the wider Middle East. Utilizing archival sources and oral history interviews from across Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, the United States, and the United Kingdom, Camp David’s Shadow recasts the early history of the peace process. It explains how a comprehensive settlement to the Arab-Israeli conflict with provisions for a resolution of the Palestinian question gave way to the facilitation of bilateral peace between Egypt and Israel. As recently declassified sources reveal, the completion of the Camp David Accords—via intensive American efforts— actually enabled Israeli expansion across the Green Line, undermining the possibility of Palestinian sovereignty in the occupied territories. By examining how both the concept and diplomatic practice of autonomy were utilized to address the Palestinian question, and the implications of the subsequent Israeli and U.S. military intervention in Lebanon, the dissertation explains how and why the Camp David process and its aftermath adversely shaped the prospects of a negotiated settlement between Israelis and Palestinians in the 1990s. In linking the developments of the late 1970s and 1980s with the Madrid Conference and Oslo Accords in the decade that followed, the dissertation charts the role played by American, Middle Eastern, international, and domestic actors in curtailing the possibility of Palestinian self-determination.
    [Show full text]
  • Diplomacy, Regime Change Agenda and the Survival of Zimba- Bwe in the New Millennium
    Diplomacy, Regime Change Agenda and the Survival of Zimba- bwe in the New Millennium Percyslage Chigora* and Edson Ziso** Abstract : The Zimbabwean government at the turn of the 2000 New Millenni- um received widespread ostracization by some sections of the inter- national community particularly the West. As a fairly small state and weak vis-à-vis its erstwhile adversaries who are powerful, the clear expectation based on conventional wisdom is that the regime would collapse instantly. For Zimbabwe the course of events did not turn as expected. On the contrary, emerging has been the ability of Zimbabwe to influence the international community not only those in the develop- ing world but also the Western world itself for support largely through diplomatic efforts. The regime has stood the test of time and has not altered its behavior in the international system; its objectives have remained the same confronting its adversaries. The paper therefore, seeks to analyze the ways through which the regime has been able to use diplomacy as a tool in international relations to achieve its objec- tive in the face of a heavy onslaught by the powerful section of the international community. In essence, the paper will largely provide the basis through which weak states in the developing world can success- fully use diplomacy to achieve their foreign policy objectives in the face of the powerful global actors. Keywords : Diplomacy, Regime Change, Zimbabwe * Lecturer of Political Science, Department of History and Development Studies, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe, [email protected], [email protected]. ** Lecturer of Development Studies, Department of History and Development Studies, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe, [email protected], [email protected].
    [Show full text]