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Natural computation, much ado about nothing Pierre Baudot To cite this version: Pierre Baudot. Natural computation, much ado about nothing. Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. English. tel-00203712 HAL Id: tel-00203712 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203712 Submitted on 11 Jan 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERISTE PARIS VI - PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE Doctorat Sciences Cognitives Pierre Baudot Computation naturelle, beaucoup de bruit pour rien ? Natural computation, much ado about nothing? Thèse dirigée par Yves Frégnac Soutenue le 29 septembre 2006 Jury : Prof. Ad Aertsen Rapporteur Dr. Yves Frégnac Examinateur Dr. Guillaume Masson Rapporteur Dr. Jean-Pierre Nadal Examinateur Prof. Alain Trembleau Examinateur 0 1 « Je pense donc Je suis » René Descartes © Un jour, Un jour, bientôt peut-être, Un jour j'arracherai l'ancre qui tient mon navire loin des mers Avec la sorte de courage qu'il faut pour être rien et rien que rien. Je lâcherai ce qui paraissait m'être indissolublement proche. Je le trancherai, je le renverserai, je le romprai, je le ferai dégringoler. D'un coup dégorgeant ma misérable pudeur, mes misérables combinaisons et enchaînements "de fil en aiguille" Vide de l'abcès d'être quelqu'un, je boirai à nouveau l'espace nourricier. A coups de ridicule, de déchéances (qu'est-ce que la déchéance?), par éclatement. Par vide, par une totale dissipation-dérision-purgation, j'expulserai de moi la forme qu'on croyait si bien attachée, composée, coordonnée, assortie à mon entourage Et à mes semblables, si dignes, si dignes mes semblables. Réduit à une humilité de catastrophe, à un nivellement parfait comme après une immense trouille. Ramené au-dessous de toute mesure à mon rang réel, au rang infime que je ne sais quelle idée-ambition m'avait fait déserter. Anéanti quant à la hauteur, quant à l'estime. Perdu en un endroit lointain (ou même pas), sans nom, sans identité. CLOWN, abattant dans la risée, dans l'esclaffement, dans le grotesque, le sens que contre toute lumière je m'étais fait de mon importance. Je plongerai. Sans bourse dans l'infini-esprit sous-jacent ouvert à tous, ouvert moi-même à une nouvelle et incroyable rosée. A force d'être nul Et ras Et risible... Clown. Henri Michaux (L’espace du dedans, 1944). 2 « Maintenant, je m'encrapule le plus possible. Pourquoi ? Je veux être poète, et je travaille à me rendre Voyant : vous ne comprendrez pas du tout, et je ne saurais presque vous expliquer. Il s'agit d'arriver à l'inconnu par le dérèglement de tous les sens. Les souffrances sont énormes, mais il faut être fort, être né poète, et je me suis reconnu poète. Ce n'est pas du tout ma faute. C'est faux de dire : Je pense : on devrait dire : On me pense. - Pardon du jeu de mots. - Je est un autre. Tant pis pour le bois qui se trouve violon, et nargue aux inconscients, qui ergotent sur ce qu'ils ignorent tout à fait ! Car Je est un autre. Si le cuivre s'éveille clairon, il n'y a rien de sa faute. Cela m'est évident: j'assiste à l'éclosion de ma pensée : je la regarde, je l'écoute : je lance un coup d'archet : la symphonie fait son remuement dans les profondeurs, ou vient d'un bond sur la scène. Si les vieux imbéciles n'avaient pas trouvé du Moi que la signification fausse, nous n'aurions pas à balayer ces millions de squelettes qui, depuis un temps infini, ! ont accumulé les produits de leur intelligence borgnesse, en s'en clamant les auteurs ! En Grèce, ai-je dit, vers et lyres rythment l'Action. Après, musique et rimes sont jeux, délassements. L'étude de ce passé charme les curieux : plusieurs s'éjouissent à renouveler ces antiquités : - c'est pour eux. L'intelligence universelle a toujours jeté ses idées, naturellement ; les hommes ramassaient une partie de ces fruits du cerveau : on agissait par, on en écrivait des livres : telle allait la marche, I'homme ne se travaillant pas, n'étant pas encore éveillé, ou pas encore dans la plénitude du grand songe. Des fonctionnaires, des écrivains : auteur, créateur, poète, cet homme n'a jamais existé ! La première étude de l'homme qui veut être poète est sa propre connaissance, entière ; il cherche son âme, il l'inspecte, Il la tente, I'apprend. Dès qu'il la sait, il doit la cultiver ; cela semble simple : en tout cerveau s'accomplit un développement naturel ; tant d'égoistes se proclament auteurs ; il en est bien d'autres qui s'attribuent leur progrès intellectuel ! - Mais il s'agit de faire l'âme monstrueuse : à l'instar des comprachicos, quoi ! Imaginez un homme s'implantant et se cultivant des verrues sur le visage. Je dis qu'il faut être voyant, se faire voyant. Le Poète se fait voyant par un long, immense et raisonné dérèglement de tous les sens. Toutes les formes d'amour, de souffrance, de folie ; il cherche lui-même, il épuise en lui tous les poisons, pour n'en garder que les quintessences. Ineffable torture où il a besoin de toute la foi, de toute la force surhumaine, où il devient entre tous le grand malade, le grand criminel, le grand maudit, - et le suprême Savant ! - Car il arrive à l'inconnu ! Puisqu'il a cultivé son âme, déjà riche, plus qu'aucun ! Il arrive à l'inconnu, et quand, affolé, il finirait par perdre l'intelligence de ses visions, il les a vues ! Qu'il crève dans son bondissement par les choses inouïes et innombrables : viendront d'autres horribles travailleurs ; ils commenceront par les horizons où l'autre s'est affaissé ! (...) Donc le poète est vraiment voleur de feu. Il est chargé de l'humanité, des animaux même ; il devra faire sentir, palper, écouter ses inventions ; si ce qu'il rapporte de là-bas a forme, il donne forme si c'est informe, il donne de l'informe. Trouver une langue ; - Du reste, toute parole étant idée, le temps d'un langage universel viendra ! Il faut être académicien, - plus mort qu'un fossile, - pour parfaire un dictionnaire, de quelque langue que ce soit. Des faibles se mettraient à penser sur la première lettre de l'alphabet, qui pourraient vite ruer dans la folie ! Cette langue sera de l'âme pour l'âme, résumant tout, parfums, sons, couleurs, de la pensée accrochant la pensée et tirant. Le poète définirait la quantité d'inconnu s"éveillant en son temps dans l'âme universelle : il donnerait plus - que la formule de sa pensée, que la notation de sa marche au Progrès ! Enormité devenant norme, absorbée par tous, il serait vraiment un multiplicateur de progrès ! Cet avenir sera matérialiste, vous le voyez ; - Toujours pleins du Nombre et de l'Harmonie ces poèmes seront fait pour rester. - Au fond, ce serait encore un peu la Poésie grecque. L'art éternel aurait ses fonctions ; comme les poètes sont des citoyens. La Poésie ne rythmera plus l'action : elle sera en avant. » Arthur Rimbaud, lettre du Voyant (à Paul Demeny, 15 mai 1871). 3 Acknowledgments « Pour un tel inventaire Il faudrait un Prevert »… « …Il faut aussi être très poli avec la terre Il faut les remercier le matin en se réveillant Il faut les remercier pour la chaleur Pour les arbres Pour les fruits Pour tout ce qui est bon à manger Pour tout ce qui est beau à regarder A toucher Il faut les remercier Il ne faut pas les embêter... Les critiquer Ils savent ce qu'ils ont à faire Le soleil et la terre Alors il faut les laisser faire Ou bien ils sont capables de se fâcher Et puis après On est changé En courge En melon d'eau Ou en pierre à briquet Et on est bien avancé... » « En somme pour résumer Deux points ouvrez les guillemets : " Il faut que tout le monde soit poli avec le monde ou alors il y a des guerres ... des épidémies des tremblements de terre des paquets de mer des coups de fusil ... Et de grosses méchantes fourmis rouges qui viennent vous dévorer les pieds pendant qu'on dort la nuit. " » Jacques Prévert, Histoires Donc : Donc merci à Yves Frègnac de m’avoir accueilli dans son laboratoire et de m’avoir supporté pendant ces 8 années. Thanks Mr Aertsen, your scientific work has been guiding my labour all along my thesis. It is an immense pleasure and honour you accepted to read and comment the results. Merci Mr Masson, pour l’interaction scientifique, l’accueil à Marseille, et d’avoir accepté de lire et corriger ma prose maladroite. Merci Mr Nadal, pour m’avoir accueilli, aidé et avoir répondu présent gentiment, ainsi que pour vos travaux dont mon étude a essayé de s’inspirer. En espérant que ce document puisse vous intéresser. Merci Mr Trembleau, de me faire l’honneur d’être dans mon jury, pour vos enseignements, votre franchise et votre compréhension. Merci Cortico Magno, alias maître Fredo, pour m’avoir appris ce que je sais de l’electro et pis parce que t’es bo.
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