COVER

Warren Brown, this month's cover photographer, spends a good deal of time taking pictures of billboards, back- hoes, power plants and other land use prob­ lems rather than park scenery. His cover photo shows the fragile defenses of Fort Caroline (DURIER NMcm perched across the St. Johns River NEWSMAGAZINE OF THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE from the challenges posed by a growing city Volume 35, Number 8 August 1990 and industrial complex. It was taken as work was getting underway on a general manage­ ment plan for the Timucuan Ecological and Historical Preserve that will encompass Fort Caroline and approximately 35,000 acres rich in natural and cultural resources within the Jacksonville, FL, metropolitan area. The back photo, courtesy of the Mid- Atlantic Region's Jonathan Doherty, illustrates a sign of the times around some park areas. But the cardboard editorial attached to it also demonstrates increasing local interest in land and resource conservation. Often park values and local community values can become one and the same.

STAFF FEATURES Mary Maruca — Editor Ricardo Lewis — Art & Production PLANNING BEYOND PARK BOUNDARIES — 5 LAND TRUSTS AND THE QUIET REVOLUTION — 8 ADVISORS

STATE AND LOCAL ACTION TO PROTECT George J. Berklacy — Associate Publisher Theresa Wood — Executive Director, E&AA PARK RESOURCES — 13 Naomi I lunt — E&AA Editor TURNING THE TIDE-THE RELATED LANDS CHALLENGE — 16 Issue Consultant — Warren Brown RELATED LANDS- Editorial Offices — 202/208-4996 A REGIONAL DIRECTOR'S PERSPECTIVE — 18 FTS - 268-4996

WORKING OUTSIDE A TRADITIONAL PARK SETTING — 22 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior DEPARTMENTS

COMMENTARY — 2 PARK BRIEFS — 22 NPS PEOPLE — 24 E&AA —28 The Director's Report

WORKING WITH OUR NEIGHBORS

This issue of the Courier looks at the many is­ even greater responsibility than most other prop­ sues we're facing involving adjacent lands. These erty owners to speak out because we manage kinds of issues certainly aren't new news; we've these lands in trust for all Americans—present all been aware for some time that the most serious and future, national and local. threats to the long-term preservation of park re­ No one ever said it would be easy. Local sources originate outside park boundaries. issues are often complex and controversial. What's "news", and as far as I'm concerned the Inevitably, there will be those times when things primary reason for focusing this issue of the will become difficult and hostile. These are Courier on the subject, is not "what" we're deal­ some of the challenges that just come with the ing with these days, but "how" we're dealing with job. That said, I want to be clear that this does it. And, from what I've seen and heard of the not mean we should have an adversarial altitude initiatives being undertaken throughout the in our approach to these issues. I believe that system, park managers are making all efforts to our long-term responsibility for the preservation strengthen the kind of skills, expertise, and infor­ of the system will be served best by building mation they need to build community support and positive relationships with those who surround be effectively involved in local and regional is­ us. It is through working together and communi­ sues affecting their parks. cating with each other in a constructive way that I was recently questioned at a Congressional hearing about whether I we can best advance our vision for the parks. We need to be prepared to had encouraged superintendents to be involved in local planning and listen and be receptive to hearing what our neighbors say. We need to zoning issues. The way the question was asked implied that we may be foster dialogue and understanding. As I've said before, being a good overstepping our bounds. At the hearing, I had urged that we work coop­ neighbor is a two way street. Everyone has to be a participant to culti­ eratively with park neighbors, and I want to take this opportunity to elab­ vate a truly cooperative working relationship. orate on that. I believe that we have both a legitimate point of view and a Many of our park managers arc showing it's possible. The Mid- responsibility to express it. Parks are not units unto themselves; they're Atlantic Region has chalked up some notable successes in working not separate. Parks are linked to communities, states, regions, ecosys­ with park neighbors to reach consensus on the future pattern of growth, tems, this country, and the world. As caretakers of special places, we development, and conservation around Gettysburg, Richmond and oth­ have been given the responsibility to protect and preserve them. er parks. This has been accomplished by listening to the community Of course, I'm well aware that taking the initiative to work with park and asking park neighbors what they want, by finding common ground neighbors to address issues that cross park boundaries sometimes places and building upon it. the Service in controversial and emotionally charged situations. Some of Fortunately, there is much common ground, and we have many our neighbors feel threatened by the Park Service and the prospect of ex­ allies. Most people do not want to sec harm come to the parks, and panding park boundaries. Certainly, park boundaries may need adjust­ there are many interested in helping to protect park areas. The exten­ ment in a few cases, but they can't expand indefinitely. Others view the sive growth in the private land conservation movement—now includ­ protection of park resources as being at odds with local economic devel­ ing more than 800 local and regional organizations—is evidence of opment; we arc admonished that limiting the height or density of new that concern and provides one of many opportunities for partnerships construction near the park will mean less revenue from new develop­ in protecting parks. ment. But, that is rarely the whole picture. Such restrictions on land use Realistically, we will never be able to please everyone all the time. I along park boundaries rarely eliminate that growth and development- hope that we can, more frequently than not, be working with others to most often it occurs somewhere else nearby; and development has its further mutual goals for the parks and the communities, that we will be own costs to the community, such as schools, roads, and sewers. Howev­ able to work out problems and concerns with park neighbors. Of er, to those that have these concerns, they arc real and valid, and we need course, it is the job of elected officials to make the final decisions. But to address local concerns in local terms. Our success in winning and it is our job to provide them with the best information available. This is maintaining the support of our neighbors will depend heavily on our abil­ why it is important to continue to strengthen the Service's natural and ity to understand how they sec the issues, problems, and opportunities. cultural resource programs as we work with others to meet our mutual Building our case around the importance of natural and cultural resourc­ goals. As public servants, we must continue to accomplish our mission es may not be enough. We need to be able to document the benefits of the with intelligence, sensitivity, and integrity. park to the local economy, the costs of uncontrolled growth, and the ad­ vantages of open space to the livability and health of the community. Nevertheless, in situations where our neighbors' actions are harming the resources or in some way negatively impacting on the park, we must speak out. Just as we would not expect our neighbors to quietly sit back James M. Ridcnour and accept plans for construction of a road through their front yards, we also have a responsibility to participate in the planning and zoning pro­ cesses that may impact the property we arc responsible for. We have an

August 1990 COURIER 1 COMMENTARY

FROM THE EDITOR ourselves to the long-term protection of time. They are not what they were in Hartzog's whole, functioning ecosystems, we will be­ time. They are as they are—in some cases, is­ On Earth Day. the Nature Conservancy come involved in protecting landscapes thou­ lands of natural beauty in a sea of change; in Concluded at least one real estate transaction sands of acres in size." other cases, wild unfettered paradises only be­ in each of this country's fifty states. Parcels of Congress and the American people already ginning to feel the stress of human restless­ land were set aside with little fanfare, a kind have seen to it that the National Park Sen ice ness. of guaranteed housing project for flora and is involved in protecting landscapes of such The confrontation between nature and cul­ fauna nationwide. Such a tremendous tipping dimensions and of much, much more. And. in­ ture is one that ultimately affects all areas, no of the hat to Mother Earth must have assured deed, given the accumulated effects of the matter how distant or how close to zones of in­ Conservancy members that the organization 20th century, we do find ourselves marshall­ tense human development. It is an issue in­ they invest in has been doing precisely what ing our strengths along boundaries that mark creasingly in the forefront of park manage­ they want it to do—protecting areas where the beginnings of islands of life—embattled ment decisions. It is an issue that won't go salamanders and coltonwoods and Indian islands, sometimes, as Sawhill and others away. paintbrush and all the other deni/ens of the have noted. But we are in the same boat with our part­ wild, wet Earth can dance to no other tune but What do we do about this? The August ners, and in that perhaps we can take comfort. their own. What a relief—71.(MX) acres of issue of the Courier summarizes some of the Jean Hocker, president of the Land Trust Alli­ wild, wet nature set aside! things that are being done. In the Mid-Atlantic ance, observes. "Across the country, a quiet But there are other plans too. even grander Region. RD Jim Coleman is sponsoring relat­ revolution in conservation is taking ones. The Conservancy's new president. John ed lands efforts, drawing on planning skills: place It's happening because people are Sawhill. observes. "In the '70s we might have partnerships; linkages between conservation, tired of progress." People are deciding that bought 40 acres of high-quality, old-growth tourism, and economic stability; and other in­ rainforests are more critical to their well-being forest. While this action saved the parcel from gredients. Saguaro's superintendent Bill Pa- than they knew. They're decided that just let­ development, the forest could still be degrad­ leck has made the assumption that some ting things be. letting them be born and live ed by human activity in bordering areas. In development close to park boundaries is ine\ i- and die according to their own cycles—as they the '80s we might have added to the original table. What can be controlled, however, is the do with their own children and as Nature acquisition, assembling a preserve oi more kind of development, and he has focused his should be able to do with hers—is A-OK by than I.(MM) acres that included much of the creative energies on that. Ebey's Landing su­ them. At least they've decided this in some cir­ woodland community. But even areas of this perintendent Cynthia Orlando relies on part­ cles. The cadre of people who think first about size remain vulnerable. Thus, our goal in the nerships among federal, stale, and local con­ Kermil the Frog and where he'll live if a new 00s is to ensure that our 1,000-acre forest stituencies to manage the reserve. shopping center goes up is growing. does not become an embattled island in the As the world changes, so do the parks. We are all of us less alone. midst of a hostile landscape. By addressing They are not what they were in Albright's

FORGOTTEN AMONG one large room, and the house must be on been called upon to deliberately walk into the THE GIANTS (Part3) some elevation, and you must have water, Valley of the Shadow and. say what you will, water and water. It is water that makes land it is a great act. I am surprised to be alive. 1 Dixie valuable in California or anywhere else." hope to be able to live a long life doing good Though public administration was his pride things for others without thoughts of money." Interior Secretory Franklin K. Lone re­ and joy for 21 years. Lane, upon deciding to His very last jottings were about how he'd signed from President Wilson's Cabinet mi exit DCs bureaucratic whirl, confided to a like to meet Abe Lincoln: "I'd rather loaf with February 6. 1921) teffective March I). Iriend that he barely had enough money for his Lincoln along a river bank....and glance at a In national park dealings. Franklin Lane left family's train fares back to California. He was picture of our people—the negroes being office as he had entered it—shadowed by con­ supposed to take a \ ice-presidency at Pan- lynched, the miners' civil war. labor's hold troversy involving water storage. This time American Petroleum for $50,000, but for the tips, employers' ruthlessness. the subordina­ he adamantly favored a dam within Yellow­ next 14 months he spent more time at the tion of humanity to industry..." stone's boundary. Steven Mather fumed at the Mayo Brothers Rochester. MN. clinic than thought of it. Lane's obsession with this type behind a corporate desk. Final I n-Rest Commotion of project nearly forced Mather's resignation. From early 1920 into 1921 various ailments but. by cosmic luck, it was Lane who resigned. taxed his weak heart and curtailed his former Lane died May 18. 1921. one day before John Barton Payne, Lane's Secretarial succes­ active lifestyle. During the first week of May Chief Justice Edward White passed on. sor, had a wonderful "national park attitude." 1921, Lane notified his close friends, includ­ Newspapers headlined the angle that "I ac­ and squelched the dam attempt short term; ing Eleanor Roosevelt at Hyde Park, that he cept" was Lane's deathbed creed and that his President Harding's Interior man. Albert Fall, was "again going under the knife." On May 6 lifelong gospel was "Lead Kindly Light." At­ though not in Payne's pro-park league, was he underwent a dangerous gall stone operation tributed to him were these two comments on convinced to finish it off. (without anesthetic)—a last attempt to prolong life: "To spend and to be spent—isn't that what Part of a I1) 12 letter to his brother. George, his life. "It was a bet on the high card with a life is?" and "Life is just a beautiful adventure, sheds more light on Lane's life-long water phi­ chance to win. and I took it." he wrote. He to be flung away for any good cause!" losophy: "(For a nice house! you must have said of the experience: "Never before ha\ e 1 Though strongly in favor of particular ideas

2 COURIER August 1990 that impressed him. Lane also possessed an A Book of Odd Selections talk about around the hors d'oeuvre table at off-beat open-mindedness. Writing to a friend your local Founders' Day lest. But always re­ (1918). he admitted: "I have a very old- About the only place one can get solid member, it was Franklin Lane who said, "if fashioned love for writing from day to day information concerning Franklin Lane's inner you don't like it. Steve...." what pops into my mind, contradicting each thoughts is from his wife's previously men­ day what I said the day before, and gathering tioned publication of his letters (1922). But Information for this three-pan series was from my friends their impressions and their there is one very strange thing about that Riv­ compiled from "The Letters ofT'K Lane." Anne spirit the same way." erside Press (Cambridge. MA) semi-biog. NO \V. Lane. 1122: "Sieve Mather of the National Among the many descriptions of this robust letters are included that mention his relation­ Parks." Robert Shankland. 1970: "Birth of the gentleman were: Democrat, liberal, conserva­ ship to national parks, except the two relating NPS." H.M. Albright. 19X5: "State Parks of tive, radical, patriot, witty, efficient, states­ his visit w ith George Dorr at Lafayette (Aca­ California.".LIT Engbeckjr., I9S0: "Dic­ man, kindly, lair-minded and distinguished. dia), and those mostly reflect his last friend­ tionary of American Biography," Vol. 10: From his earliest days in office his reputation ship with Acadia's "Father." No Mather, no "North American Review." August 1917: was that of "champion of the plain people." Albright, no substantive park mention at all. "Franklin Lane." O.G. \ illard. The Nation, Funeral sen ices were held in Chicago. On Author's correspondence selection oversight? .lime I. 1921: "Dedication of the FK Lane May 21 The New York Timet reported this tid­ Maybe. This blatant ignoring of the parks in Grove" (1924) booklet copy provided by Hum­ bit: "The ashes of Franklin K. Lane will not be his personal prose becomes a magnified major boldt Redwoods Interpretive Assn.: Pel River taken to the top of El Capitan Peak in Yosemi- oddity when you notice that four of the book's Current. (19X9). published by Seven Parks te Valley and scattered to the winds as request­ five photos featured him in national park set­ Natural History Assn. (CA Stale Parks); and ed by Mr. Lane. His widow announced that tings: the Lanes and (Adolph) Millers at Gla­ various The New York Times. San Francisco cier. Lane and Dorr atop Cadillac Mountain. the family had abandoned the plan, as they F.xaminer and Boston Globe editions from Lane in a forest at Lafayette and Lane w ith looked on it as sacrilege. His remains will be Lane's era. Also, thanks to Save-the-Redwoods Supt. Ethan Allen at Mt. Rainier. Otherwise, held (in Chicago) pending their final disposi­ League president John DeWitt and Redwood there is one official Interior portrait pose of tion w hen friends oi the family have been eon- National Park camper/ taxpayer Mary \ . Gelt- him. and the book's last photo is of the suited." (Heteh-Hetehy dam was still under nas (my college friend) for their help in pro­ Tatoosh Range's "Lane Peak" at Rainier. construction then and the family could have curing pieces of this puzzle. heard or felt lingering bad vibes within the l'osemite establishment.) Actually. Steven Mather had an inadvertent hand in where Lane finally was "scattered." During 1917-18. concerned western conserva­ NOTES FROM tionists organized the Save-the-Redwoods League, to fight the timber industry's hell-bent THE HILL cutting of California's beloved "tall" trees. The new group wanted a prestigious "Californian (Jerry Tays of national standing" to lead it. Who better than the respected favorite son who happened Environmental issues are in the forefront of Washington's lively political scene. The mora­ to be Interior Secretary? Mather aided League Lane Peak (pic lured above) brings us full torium on off-shore oil leasing through the founders Madison Grant and Dr. John C. Mer- circle in this three-part history lesson. Impor­ year 2000. the listing of the northern spotted riam coax Lane into becoming the League's tant or not. interesting or not. Lane Peak owl as a threatened species, the Mt. Graham first president. He accepted the mostly figure­ seems to be the lone. sole. only, remembrance red squirrel, and the re introduction of wolves head position, which combined the responsi­ the NPS has for this guy. Do any readers know into Yellow stone are but a few of the topics bilities of advisor and trustee. of any canyon, butte. trail, stream, visitor cen­ being discussed on both sides of the political On Sunday. August 24. 1924. several hun­ ter, view point, pond, picnic area or cavern that aisle. Overshadow ing all. however, is the Pres­ dred people gathered along one bend of the bears his name? And. a fair question is: does ident's reported reversal on his campaign Eel Riser's South Fork, in a section of what is his name deserve more than one nice but pledge of no new taxes. The enormity of the now Humboldt Redwoods Stale Park (estab­ obscure mountain peak? (Okay. Mt. Rainier national debt, exacerbated by the savings and lished 1928) to witness the dedication of the folks, how many of you knew who Lane Peak loan debacle, will exert extensive pressure on Franklin Knight Lane Memorial Redwood was named for?) all elements of government, including the Na­ Grove. The 193-acre Grove is located along With our 75th Anniversary on the horizon. tional Park Service. Parks and programs now northern California's Old Route 101. between if any of you managers happen to be in the feeling the fiscal pinch will be joined by oth­ Phillipsville and Miranda. That 31-mile por­ market for a name for some park area, ers as the pressure continues to mount. As we tion of scenic highway through several Red­ wouldn't FK Lane make a quaint historical go to press, both the budget and appropriations wood forests is known as the "Avenue of the choice? (It seems to me that you needn't committees of House and Senate are preparing Giants." After three years and three months it stretch your imagination very much to see for a final run at the numbers for FY 1991. is here that Lane's ashes finally mingled how Lane's semi-ostracized situation is akin to Here's some of the other action on the Hill. peacefully with Mother Earth. Ironically, "Shoeless" Joe Jackson's relationship to floods, the natural occurrence Lane was al­ Cooperstown's Hall of Fame.) On May 1. the Senate Subcommittee on ways trying to curb, hit his Grove area badly So. make what you will of all these historic Public Lands. National Parks and Forests held in 1953 and'64. droppings. Maybe it's just something more to a hearing at which Director Ridenour testified on the New Mexico establishment of Mimbres

August 1990 COURIER 3 COMMENTARY

Culture NM (deter) and Glorietta NB (non- failed to materialize as key votes on the House- national park system. He expressed the hope support), amendment of the Act establishing floor kept several members away from the that this xxas merely the first of several he- Zuni-Cibola NHP to allow a longer period to hearing. would be proposing. accept leasehold interest in Zuni lands (sup­ NPS Research Biologist Doug Houston, sta­ The House floor was the scene of intense- port), and amendment of the Act establishing tioned at Olympic NP. joined a distinguished political maneuvering on June 2b oxer wheth­ Pecos NM to enlarge and change the name to panel on May 23rd to testify at a Senate over­ er or not Congress should designate a 7b-mile Pecos NHP. On June 27 President Bush signed sight hearing on the Report of the Interagency segment of the Niobrara River (NE) as part of into law the Act establishing Petroglyph NM. Scientific Committee to Address the Conser­ the wild and scenic rivers system. The key ar­ including the measures for Zuni-Cibola and vation of the Northern Spotted Owl. Dr. Hous­ gument offered by opponents is that this Pecos NHPs. ton testified that the Service's management ob­ would be the first time a river running primari­ On May 3. Director Ridenour. accompanied jectives are compatible xxith efforts designed ly through private lands would be designated by NPS officials, testified along with Bureau to provide ow I habitat. But he also observed without formal study. Environmental organi­ of Land Management witnesses on a proposed that parks alone probably do not have suffi­ zations have targeted this legislation as one of exchange in Wyoming that eventually led to cient land base to provide for the owl's long- several measuring members' environmental acquisition of a conservation easement oxer term survival. record in the 101st Congress. the J-Y Ranch at Grand Teton NP for coal On Max 24 Secretary Lujan. accompanied leases acquired by Sloan-Kettering Institute by NPS Director Ridenour and Interior De­ for Cancer Research in New York. Then, on partment Inspector General Richards, testified LETTER May 10. Associate Director Jack Morehead. at a hastily called oversight hearing by Chair­ accompanied by Dr. John Dennis of WASO's man Bruce Ventoof the National Parks and I'm a fan of Cornier. Newsmagazine of the Division of Wildlife and Vegetation, testified Public Lands Subcommittee of the House In­ National Park Service. before Chairman Bumpers' Subcommittee on terior and Insular Affairs Committee on the It's consistently well written, information la­ Public Lands. National Parks and Forests of subject of concessions. Secretary Lujan has den and I'm sure enjoys excellent readership the Senate Energy and Natural Resources spoken publicly of the need to rethink the way within the NPS family. Committee on a bill requiring the NPS to re­ business is done in this area. The hearing re­ The March 1990 issue xxith Jennifer Jacobs' imburse the State of Montana for expenses in­ sponded to the Inspector General's audit re­ article "Deaf Services Program Prospers in curred as a result of brucellosis organisms car­ port, which charged in part that the Service- Yosemite" was especially interesting as both ried by Yellowstone NP elk and bison. failed to receive adequate revenues from many my parents were deaf. I could relate to the unique human benefits the Yosemite Ranger WASO Assistant Director (Planning) Jim concessioners for a variety of reasons. The crew provides many deaf. Stewart testified on May 17 in opposition to a Conference of National Park Concessioners bill establishing the Cliff Walk in Newport. earlier had received a temporary restraining 1 applaud those rangers participating in the Rl. as a unit of the national park system. As order against release of the report, claiming deaf services program, plus the sensitivity of the name implies, this is a walk along the that it contained privileged information. the NPS for enriching the lives of many. many deaf. cliffs of Newport between the ocean and On June 21 Associate Director Jerry Rogers, homes exhibiting Newport's Gilded Age of ar­ accompanied by Knife River Indian Villages Thanks to Courier. I suspect other major chitecture. Its questionable ownership coupled Superintendent Mick Holm, testified at a parks xx ill adopt the Yosemite program. with overwhelming maintenance and other op­ House Subcommittee hearing in favor of that Bill Bowdren erating problems render it unfeasible for NPS national historic site's proposed expansion. At Reader's Digest management. the same hearing he also testified in opposi­ A bill to expand Tumacacori NM came up tion to a bill establishing Weir Farm NHS ANNOUNCEMENT for Senate hearing also on Max 1 7. The meas­ (CT) and in support of extending funding to the Mary McLeod Bethune Council House ure would add the ruins of two missions. Cala- Pigeon Forge in the beautiful Smoky Moun­ NHS in Washington. DC. ha/as and Guevavi. to the existing monument tains of Tennessee is the site of the first Civil­ and change its name to Tumacacori NHP. The Director Ridenour testified before the Sen­ ian Conservation Corps national reunion. Sep­ Committee passed the bill as modified in the ate Public Lands. National Parks and Forests tember 27. 28 and 29. Except for the $20 House, and by the time you read this it will un­ Subcommittee on June 2b in support of legis­ registration fee. participants are free to choose doubtedly have been signed by the President. lation adding the William Johnson House to either to join or not to join in any of the sched­ During our last visit in June. I noted that the the new |y established Natchez NHP in Missis uled activities. The registration fee after Au­ Secretary had refused to allow the NPS and sippi. At the same hearing the Director testi­ gust 27 is S25 per person. Make your check or F&WS to testify at a House hearing on a bill fied in opposition to a bill establishing a com­ money order payable to CCC Reunion and to legislatively mandate minimum Hows at mission to address the possibility of a mail it to NACCCA Registration. P.O. Box Glen Canyon Dam above Grand Cans on NP. Mississippi River National Heritage Corridor 1355. Pigeon Forge. TN 37808. Reservations At a rescheduled hearing on May 22. Director throughout the length of the river. A similar can be made by calling the Grand Hotel at I- Ridenour and F&WS Director John Turner ac­ bill passed the House of Representatives on 800-251-4444 (in Tennessee, dial 1-800-242- companied Bureau of Reclamation Commis­ June 12. Finally, the Director noted with obvi­ 3333). For other hotel and campground infor­ sioner Underwood at a joint hearing before the ous pride that he was delighted to testify in fa­ mation, call the Pigeon Forge Department of Subcommittees on National Parks and Public vor of the first measure to be heard in Con­ Tourism at I-800-251-9100 or write to P.O. Lands and Water. Power, and Offshore Energy gress that he had initiated as Director. It Box 1390 CCC. Pigeon Forge. TN 378b8. Resources of the House Interior and Insular provided ceiling increases, both land acquisi­ Affairs Committee. The predicted fireworks tion and development, for five units of the

4 COURIER August 1990 BY WARREN BROWN PLANNING BEYOND PARK BOUNDARIES

lanning beyond park sized the power of informa­ P boundaries? Who has tion, understanding what oth­ time for that type of work ers want or need, and the need when we barely have enough to avoid adversarial relation­ staff or money to keep the ships. Fred explained how lights burning in the visitor these principles could be used center and deal with the other in playing to win. problems inside the parks? Several presentations offered These and other questions advice on how to build were answered with fervor and community support and con­ enthusiasm during a week- sensus before conflicts arise long training program in Tuc­ and a negotiated compromise son this spring. No one seri­ is required. We learned about ously questioned that a multi­ experiences in Gettysburg. tude of problems such as air Richmond, and George Wash­ and water quality, shrinking ington Birthplace that illustrat­ wildlife habitat, subdivisions, ed how the public involvement shopping malls, and other facts process has worked. In spite of of modern life do not respect the potential for conflicts, the park boundary lines drawn on artful marshalling of many maps. The real question was different NPS authorities and how. What tools and tech­ programs has been used to niques are most effective? focus on the interests and This was the second year concerns these parks and their that NPS training for park neighbors have in common. planning focused on issues be- The idea here is to find a yond park boundaries. Last solution so that everyone wins. year the Florida Everglades Of course the friendly persua­ provided a case study in the sion model used so effectively complexities of negotiating in the Mid-Atlantic area may with federal, state, and local not work in other places where officials as well as private in­ people are accustomed to terests to solve regional environmental problems. This year. attending meetings w ith their weapons loaded. Tucson provided a setting to study the impacts of rapid suburban Another caution was sounded: success in the planning phase growth and some creative methods for coping with development may develop community expectations that NPS can't deliver. proposals adjacent to Saguaro NM. Completing a plan and strategy for protection is one step. Mak­ Big Cypress NP Superintendent Fred Fagergren opened the ing it work requires people, time and money in both park and program with a concise outline of basic negotiating principles: the regional offices. In many eases NPS will be expected to pro­ separate people from problems: focus on interests, not positions: vide technical assistance to the local government or follow and invent options for mutual gain. We were reminded that con­ through with plans to buy land or easements. Where will the flict is not necessarily bad. that it just needs to be managed— people and monev come from? One individual compared a park quite a challenge where it involves oil and gas operations, en­ to a leaky rowboat with 20 holes: you can use ten fingers to plug dangered species habitat, regional water quality and quantity, any ones you choose. hunters, off road vehicles, and an array of different regulatory Superintendent Bill Paleck of Saguaro NM is really on the authorities at the federal, state, and local levels. Fred empha­ cutting edge of creative efforts to address the problems of

August 1990 COURIER 5 Photo by Warren Brown development around the park boundary. Position deseriptions in possible outcome. Bill said he doesn't care about winning—he the early days said park rangers were expeeted to carry heavy plays not to lose. In the case of some major project, this means loads over rough terrain and sometimes deal with dangerous crit­ working with the developers, not against them. It means press­ ters. These skills certainly apply to the challenges of working ing your case on the basis of business, not just emotion. It with community groups, developers, environmental organiza­ means defining what habitat is critical to the park and what tions, and local officials. doesn't matter so much. It means dancing on the razor blades of The most common question facing parks often seems to be practical politics involving landowners, congressmen, and local how to stop development next to the boundary. Get a bill passed, community groups that have many other issues on their agendas. expand the park, and buy the land? Persuade local officials to Chris Monson. developer of one of the projects in question. pass a strong zoning ordinance? Get a private land trust or con­ gave a good lesson in how the private sector looks at these is­ servation group to buy it for the Service? sues. He explained how people in government seem to wear Bill Paleck recognizes that at Saguaro boundaries cannot ex­ watches that keep a different kind of time than a developer. This pand indefinitely, and some type of development next to the is not just a Rolex versus Timex story. It is the difference be­ park is inevitable. The question is simply what kind of develop­ tween having your own money tied up. and facing thousands of ment that will be. Here the important question about impacts on dollars a day in carrying costs, while local officials seem to be the park is not as simple as whether the development will be on in no great hurry to reach a decision. lots of 1/4 acre or 5 acres. So Superintendent Paleck is in the business of running a park, Paleck's experience at Saguaro is especially inspiring and in­ and protecting wildlife. Developers are in the business of devel­ structive because he has developed a practical strategy for con­ oping. How do these two competitors reach an agreement? In fronting adjacent land use problems. This is based on under­ our case study, a compromise was found where more than 6.000 standing trends in the local economy, housing market, and— acres could be developed with resort hotels, and a virtual new most important—local politics. A key part of the strategy is to town of housing and commercial development. The park was have a good base of data on park resources, and the qualities that able to cajole, negotiate, or otherwise extract agreement not make adjacent land important. Another key is an inventory, not only to protect, but restore the primary riparian habitat on the just of plants and animals but of potential friends and foes. Rath­ property, at a cost of several million dollars. The site plan, road er than wait for the next crisis to land on his doorstep. Bill is and storm drainage system, and building designs, were revised having some success staying ahead of the bulldozers and trying and re-revised to be a model of environmental sensitivity. This to guide them to do as little damage as possible. goes beyond the routine height and density limits to include While some citizens and NPS folks see our role as only light­ guidelines on building materials and landscape treatments. To ing development, at Saguaro the Service is working for the best make sure all these promises were kept, a private non-profit

6 COURIER August 1990 institute was organized. Although it would be funded primarily by revenues from the new development, this would be an inde­ pendent group to monitor agreements, manage open spaces, and provide environmental education for new residents, employees, and guests at the hotels. This type of agreement on a complex development project is not reached without controversy and more than a few sleepless nights. For Saguaro the outcome of these extensive negotiations remains to be seen. Local government, the real estate market, private owners, conservation groups, local civic organizations, and other forces beyond the National Park Service will play the leading roles in deciding //the agreements will be implemented and how they stand the test of time. In a growing area like Tucson, development threats do not go away; they just resurface in different forms. Around Saguaro. in­ cremental development of one-, two-, or three-acre lots may be worse for the park's natural resources than a major planned com­ illi Saguaro NM in the background, Superintendent hill Paleck munity that incorporates state-of-the-art measures to protect nat­ W and class participants consider plans for a major private ural and scenic values. Some park managers probably hope that development project adjacent to the park. a slumping real estate market will drive projects and their spon­ sors into the wastebasket. To the contrary. Paleck hopes that the developers he is working with on this project are extremely suc­ cessful. The goal is to create a model of how to do better by do­ the social and economic forces driving the community as well as ing good—how to prosper by developing with sensitivity to the the type of issues and who owns the land. The Service needs to environment, and with special attention to the values of Saguaro pick a strategy that fits the situation. It can't expect what works NM: how to market a housing product with a deserved and doc­ in one area to work everywhere. umented stamp of approval for helping protect one of the na­ Virtually everyone went home with a few new tricks and tools tion's natural treasures. to try out on their adjacent land problems. On the plane back to It is not easy for the Park Service to support development on Washington. I was reading Stephen Jay Gould's thoughts on adjacent land. Sometimes we just have to say no. A simple no is Earth Day and reflecting on his observation that solutions to to­ certainly appropriate where we have facts to show how a propo­ day's problems often breed catastrophes for the next generation. sal will conflict with park purposes and values. But if the devel­ We have a history of trading solid waste for air pollution, or bad opment of adjacent land meets our goals and standards, then we air for bad water. Asbestos. PCBs. CFCs. and a batch of other may be well served by saying so. At the very least, this can help toxic or cancer causing substances were once heralded as mod­ build credibility when we oppose the next plan that fails to do ern miracles. We now know better. Our week in Tucson showed the best it can to protect values important to the park. The chal­ how some past solutions to protecting park resources have bred lenge is to decide when you can negotiate, when you can't: who the problems we must face today and in the future. Perhaps what holds the real power to control future development, and what we learned can be applied to the search for more lasting solu­ real choices are available. tions—solutions to the problems confronting parks from either Some other highlights of the course included a chance to play side of the boundary. the roles of developers and regulators, discussions about local land use controls, federal authorities to deal with air quality, us­ Warren Brown is a planner with the Washington Office's Park ing the NEPA process, NPS technical assistance programs for Planning and Protection Division. rivers and trails, working with cultural resource programs, help from cooperative park study units, private consultants working with developers, the policy perspective from the Washington Of­ fice, negotiations in the Santa Monica Mountains, and building community support for Golden Gate NRA. We also learned about how these issues were being addressed in planning for the Greater Yellowstone area, and how some national conservation groups see these problems. The course concluded with group presentations on how to ap­ ply these tools to five different parks, and a summary from Den­ ny Galvin that offered a framework for deciding when to use dif­ ferent models. Denny emphasized that what works depends on

August 1990 COURIER 7 BY JEAN HOCKER

the kind of "progress" that turns pasture lands into shopping malls and wildlife habitat into subdivisions. LAND TRUSTS, Even as the global implications of disappearing rain forests and climate change and ozone depletion become more apparent, people are also seeing changes in their own backyards, changes AND THE that are immediate and threatening, changes that, with dedica­ tion and hard work, they just might be able to redirect. These people are taking an idea that started in New England nearly a QUIET century ago and turning it into the fastest growing segment of the conservation movement. Across the country, in record num­ bers, they are forming and supporting and building land trusts. REVOLUTION WHAT IS A LAND TRUST? Land trusts are not "trusts" in the legal sense: they are generally private, nonprofit, tax-exempt or­ ganizations that work in their own communities or regions di­ rectly to protect open land. Like their national counterparts such cross the country, a quiet revolution in conservation is tak­ as The Nature Conservancy and The Trust for Public Land, they A ing place. It's happening in places like Petoskey. MI. and are involved in the direct conservation of undeveloped land Beaufort, SC: in Sonoma. CA. and Jackson. WY. and Bruns­ through some kind of land transactions. But land trusts are inde­ wick. ME. It's going on in Iowa. Vermont. Maryland. Montana, pendent organizations that concentrate their efforts in a particu­ and in just about every other state in the nation. lar geographic area, which may be as small as a single neighbor­ It's happening because people are tired of progress—at least hood or as large as an entire state or inter-state region. They

ntrance to Gwynedd Wildlife Preserve in Montgomery County. Pennsylvania. The preserve E is a conservation property of Natural Lands Trust. Inc. iPhoto courtesy of Rocky Photo)

8 COURIER August 1990 determine their open space goals based on the needs of the area tion of a property's most sensitive areas with controlled develop­ they serve. ment of less sensitive portions. For example, a trust might work Beyond those commonalities, land trusts are as individual as with a farmer who is thinking of subdividing to design a plan the communities that spawn them and the people who support that leaves most of the property in open space, while permitting them. Today there are more than eight hundred local and region­ six homesites in one corner of the property. The trust might buy al land trusts in the country, operating in almost every state. Al­ the property, sell the six homesites, and lease or sell the open though the oldest land trust was established nearly a century space to a farmer, retaining a conservation easement to ensure ago. almost a third of existing land trusts have been formed in its permanent protection. The result is that the farmer gets paid the last five years. Collectively they have protected nearly two for his property, most of the land remains in open space, and the million acres of land and have an aggregate membership of ap­ land trust recoups some or all of its costs, occasionally even proximately 700,000 people, a remarkably large and growing making a profit that can be used for other land protection pro­ force of supporters for open space protection. jects. Limited developments don't work for every property, and About half of all land trusts are run solely by volunteers, focus they require sophisticated legal, real estate, and financial plan­ on a small geographic area, and have operating budgets of under ning skills. But they can succeed in protecting property that SI 0.000 a year. The vast majority of Connecticut's 100-plus land would otherwise be out of financial reach. trusts fall in that category. Education and Advocacy. Many land trusts expand their fo­ But grass-roots doesn't always mean small. Some land trusts cus beyond land transactions, to include community education are substantial organizations, serving a large geographic area, and advocacy on such issues as the need for open space, growth operating with a staff of several professionals and undertaking management, and enlightened land use planning. Some land complicated, multi-million dollar real estate transactions. The trusts advise local planning officials, demonstrate alternatives to Trustees of Reservations, established in 1891. owns and manag­ inappropriate development, and inventory conservation resourc­ es some twenty thousand acres of Massachusetts land: its full- es in their regions. Some have even prepared land use plans for time staff exceeds fifty. And in between are the scores of land communities that lack such plans. And land trusts have been trusts, increasingly common, led by a combination of a small very active and effective backers of open space bond issues and professional staff and dedicated volunteers, protecting a few referenda in many states. hundred to a few thousand acres of high priority open space. LAND TRUSTS AS PUBLIC AGENCY PARTNERS. Although VARIED LAND, VARIED TOOLS. Land trusts save farm and land trusts operate in the private sector, they often play a critical ranch lands, forests, scenic properties, wildlife habitat, river cor­ land protection role as facilitators and partners with public agen­ ridors, islands, archeological sites, wetlands, urban gardens, cies. The national conservancies like The Nature Conservancy greenways—whatever kinds of open land are important in shap­ and The Trust for Public Land have frequently served as pre- ing their communities and surroundings. And they use a variety acquirers of land or easements, negotiating ownership and then of tools to do it. selling the property to a federal or state agency. Outright Acquisition. Land trusts acquire fee title by dona­ Now. public agencies are seeing that the same partnerships tions and sometimes by purchase (often at a bargain price). A can be built with local and regional land trusts. In fact, several land trust may hold and manage the land for public use: it may states have specifically designated roles for land trusts in their convey it to a public natural resources agency: or it may re-sell land acquisition programs. In some states, land trusts leverage it, with use restrictions, to a private buyer. Land trusts also ac­ public funds by raising private matching funds and in-kind con­ quire remainder interests in land and receive property through tributions. Sometimes, they assist in the administration of the gifts by will. acquisition program. And in some states, land trusts can receive Conservation Easements. Land trusts increasingly protect direct grants from the state to acquire land or conservation ease­ land not by owning it. but by acquiring conservation easements, ments as an alternative to state acquisition. perpetual deed restrictions that limit future uses of a property to PARTNERSHIPS FOR NATIONAL PARKS. But such partner­ those that will not harm its conservation resources. Land trusts ships are not new for the national park system. Since its estab­ can be particularly effective at tailoring easement provisions to lishment in 1970. the Maine Coast Heritage Trust has negotiated individual properties, protecting critical resources while allow­ the acquisition of more than a hundred conservation easements ing for productive uses of property. Because easements leave donated to Acadia NP. Here it was felt that easement acquisition land in private ownership and usually don't permit much public by a private group could be less threatening than outright acqui­ access, they work best for lands that do not require intensive sition by the Park Service. conservation management or public use. They can be ideal tools In Jackson Hole. WY. the Jackson Hole Land Trust has pro­ for buffering lands already in public ownership, including na­ tected several thousand acres abutting or within a few miles of tional park lands. Grand Teton NP. and it holds one easement on property that lies Partial or Limited Development. Like their public agency partially within the park. These holdings help buffer the park counterparts, land trusts recognize that they cannot acquire title from incompatible development and protect critical habitat for or conservation easements on all the land that needs protecting. elk. moose, deer, and bald eagles that share the park ecosystem. The answer is sometimes a compromise that combines protec­ In the case of the partial inholding. the owner was far more

August 1990 COURIER 9 receptive to working with a private organization than with a gov­ independence, working toward common goals through a less ernment agency. formal relationship. Likewise, a national park manager who The Trust tor Appalachian Trail Lands, a program of the Ap­ wants to encourage a land trust where one doesn't exist needs to palachian Trail Conference, is acquiring land and casements to be sensitive about his or her role. protect the Trail from Georgia to Maine. With funding from the A FUTURE VISION. In the best of all possible worlds, there California Coastal Conservancy, the Mountains Restoration would be a land trust partner for every unit of the national park Trust in California, has acquired and held land for subsequent system, one concerned about inholdings and adjacent lands. purchase by the Santa Monica Mountains NRA. Land trusts in Whether that partner should be a local organization operating in Welfleet and Truro. MA. near Cape Cod NS. are working to see the gateway community or a regional or national group called in that those areas don't succumb to the rampant development that as needed—or some combination of these—depends on the kind has overtaken so much of the area. The new Estes Valley Land of park unit, the surrounding land uses, the area culture and poli­ Trust has the potential to do the same near Rocky Mountain NP tics, and the nature of pressures on the land. There are models in Colorado. working well in several national park areas already. The role WHY WORK WITH PRIVATE NON-PROFITS? Developing that land trusts are playing in state acquisition programs can be partnerships with nonprofit conservancies, whether local and re­ studied for adaptation to the federal level, as well. gional land trusts or the larger national land conservation organi­ hist as the potential of land trusts is only beginning to be rec­ zations, can bring many advantages too national parks. Perhaps ognized, so. too. is their relationship with national parks. most important, land trusts can protect properties outside park TO FIND OUT MORE. In 1982. as the land trust community boundaries, over which the Park Service has no jurisdiction but began to experience great growth and geographic spread, sever­ the development of which can have major impacts on park re­ al land trusts established an umbrella organization to help them sources. In addition, private groups often have more flexibility share information, coordinate policy efforts, gain access to tech­ than government agencies, can negotiate reduced acquisition nical information, and promote open space protection through prices or outright gifts because they do not have to pay fair mar­ land trusts. Today, about 330 land trusts are members of The ket value for land, and often have credibility with landowners Land Trust Alliance, which provides leadership and services for who may be suspicious of "the government." Land trusts also the land trust community. To find out more about land trusts, can often act quickly because they do not have a deal with a my where they are. how they operate, and how to establish one, a riad of rules, regulations and procedures. contact with the Alliance is a good place to start. Write to The Of course, the ability of a land trust to do any of these things Land Trust Alliance. 900 17th St.. NW. Suite 410. Washington. depends upon iis size, sophistication, anil experience. But even DC 20006. young land trusts can be very effective in negotiating and hold­ ing donated conservation easements that protect park adjacency Jean I locker is the president and executive director of The Land areas. A regional land trust or national conservancy might be Trust Alliance, a position she has held since I9S7. Previously brought in for complicated transactions. she was founder and executive director of the Jackson Hole Another reason to encourage partnerships with land trusts, es­ Land Trust in Wyoming. pecially the local groups, is the support they can bring to park programs. Park managers are keenly aware of the ambivalent re­ lationship landowners near national parks often have with the park unit. A land trust may be able to help bridge that gap. For example, a landowner who might refuse to give an easement to "the government" may have no reservations about having a land trust hold it. A government sponsored study of land adjacent to park boundaries may bring a storm of protest from suspicious neighboring landowners, who are led to believe it is only a pre­ lude to a massive "taking" of their land. The same study under­ taken by a land trust, with no condemnation powers and a credi­ ble reputation, may be much more acceptable. And a land trust may be able to help influence local and state policy decisions in which the Park Service is not able to take an active role. Because a land trust is part of the local community, the rela­ tionship between a national park unit and a nearby land trust will differ with prevailing politics, culture, and issues. In some areas, the relationship can be very close, with the land trust acting as a partner with the park. But in communities where the land trust's credibility and effectiveness derive substantially from its non­ governmental nature, the land trust may need to preserve more

10 COURIER August 1990 Do's and Don'ts of A Related Lands Strategy

The following list includes Bob Chandler's accumulated • Find ways to help with community projects. Find wisdom gleaned from experiences at Santa Monica Moun­ creative ways to say yes. tains NRA. Olympic NP. and Everglades NP. as well as the insights of other superintendents. • Participate in community events and cultural activities. Keep in touch with the "good olc boys." • Define the community. Note differences between immediate neighbors who may see the park as an intrusion • Do not irritate the crocodile before you cross the river. and those who come from nearby metropolitan areas to use it. • Recognize that people are motivated as much by pride • Be aware of population changes in neighboring and vanity as by logic. communities—characteristics like age, ethnic origins, family size. • Be in favor of parks and wildlife, rather than opposed to new development. • Understand the economic base of the community and the role the park plays. • Don't question the motives of your adversaries. Don't make issues personal. • Final local heroes and opinion leaders; these may not be the elected officials. • Use interpretive programs to inform people about threats to park resources. • Learn about community connections and coalitions, especially the non-obvious ones. • Gather data to support your position before a crisis erupts. • Invest time and set a positive tone with the press before an issue becomes a crisis. • Don't be afraid to test the legal limits of NPS authority.

• Meet the opposition. Listen and let members know you • Support "good" development designed to maximize park are truly interested in their concerns. benefits.

• Understand the local culture and what is important to • Comment forcefully and emphasize park benefits to the local people. local economy.

• Learn state and local laws controling land use and • Draw on all available tools, especially NPS programs for development before a crisis appears. technical assistance.

• Be humble. Don't let your federal position imply • Use the best available resources and staff. Consider superiority to locals or to elected officials. planning costs as an investment in the future.

• Take a long term view. Don't win a battle that will lose • Understand issues as contests of different values, not just the war. good versus evil.

August 1990 COURIER 11 BY LUTHER PROPST & MICHAEL MANTELL

STATE AND LOCAL ACTION TO PROTECT PARK RESOURCES

itizens across the country have been witnessing an unprec­ C edented wave of activity at the state and local level to pro­ tect significant local resources—open spaces, natural areas, and historic resources. While substantial federal funds for land ac­ quisition remain out of reach, voters in states such as Maine, California, Florida and Wisconsin, as well as those in scores of localities as diverse as Washoe County, NV, and Huntsville, AL, have committed dramatic funding levels to land acquisition. Recent proposals from the governors of two large states cur­ rently are on the crest of this wave. New York's Governor Cuo­ mo opened 1990 by proposing a $1.9 billion Environmental Quality Bond Act, with $800 million earmarked for acquiring open lands. This proposal has worked its way through the state legislature essentially intact and goes before the voters in No­ vember. Not to be outdone, Governor Martinez of Florida pro­ posed to spend $3.2 billion over the next ten years for land ac­ quisition and restoration. Growth management initiatives are also part of this wave. Legislatures in such states as Maryland, Rhode Island, New Jer­ sey, Virginia, and Georgia recently have passed far-reaching comprehensive planning and land use regulation laws. States can mandate planning and voters can buy critical par­ cels, but day-to-day decisions that affect critical resources lie

nsightly development such as this commercial strip near Frede­ U ricksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields Memorial NMP can detract from both community and park values. Cooperation and lo­ cal leaders, landowners, and businessmen can ensure that private de­ velopment near parks is more attractive and appropriate for the set­ ting. (Photo courtesy of Thomas and Means.)

12 COURIER August 1990 August 1990 COURIER 13 principally with local land use decisionmakers. Critical deci­ public hearings to encourage understanding of one another's per­ sions determining how a communit) grows will continue to be spectives. Time spent taking coal leaders to lunch or on VIP made at the local level. Because of this. The Conservation Foun­ park tours, or joining them for recreation will be well invested. dation's Successful Communities program provides technical as­ GET INVOLVEDEARLY AND OFTEN. Effective participa­ sistance and small grants to communities around the country that tion requires early and continuous participation. The best oppor­ are concerned about protecting natural and cultural resources as tunity to influence land use decisions is generally well befo:e they deal with growth. development proposals are made public, and pre-development From this experience, we have identified a number of factors, activities (such as acquisition of a ranch or farm by developers, which, in various combinations, tend to distinguish communities or local budgeting for utility extensions) have created expecta­ that protect their local assets and distinctive character while ac­ tions and momentum for an area's development. For this reason, commodating quality development. Among the most important the most effective strategy is to work with the community to de­ lessons is the need for communities to build their land-use strate­ velop a positive, popular vision for its future and then to devise gies around a positive, shared vision of what the community can methods to implement this vision—long before specific devel­ be. By focusing on a vision with popular appeal, communities opment proposals surface. can build lasting constituencies for protecting local assets. Suc­ DON'T BE INTIMIDATED BY LEGAL LIMITATIONS OR cessful communities base this vision around key natural and cul­ GROWTH MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES. Land use deci­ tural assets that make them distinctive—rivers, waterfronts, his­ sions that dramatically affect a parcel's value can raise signifi­ toric downtowns, industrial heritage, open spaces. cant legal concerns such as the "taking issue." These concerns, Sanibel Island. FL. off the coast of Fort Myers, is an early ex­ however, are often overstated. Exaggerated fear of a court chal­ ample. In the early 1970s, a small but dedicated group of Sani­ lenge frequently imposes a greater limitation on effective action bel citizens led efforts to incorporate and adopt strong, innova­ than it should. Park personnel can help local land use decisions tive land use plans and ordinances to protect the island's natural withstand legal challenges by providing thorough documenta­ vegetation and wildlife habitat. Today these efforts guide munic­ tion and evaluation of park resources and the adverse effects ipal landscaping and z.oning standards, spending decisions, and posed by incompatible development. This documentation is a site plan review. A local non-profit foundation runs a native critical element of effective local involvement. plant nursery which supplies plants to developers and homeown­ Growth management involves a host of public and private ers for landscaping or vegetating damaged sites. As a result. tools and techniques—land use planning and regulations, land Sanibel is one of the most biologically intact and attractive com­ acquisition, conservation easements, and state condominium and munities on the Florida coast. common interest ownership laws (which allow developers to im­ Such local efforts can help protect national park system re­ pose duties by deed restriction such as monthly home owner sources, and, in fact, can be nurtured by Park Service managers. fees for conservation purposes). Basic familiarity with these Indeed, adjacent communities can be strong allies in protecting tools is essential. park resources. For example, in the face of tremendous growth RECOGNIZE THAT THE PROCESS IS POLITICAL. Effective pressure and minimal federal acquisition, five of the six towns local conservation is much more a function of public concern neighboring Cape Cod NS have approved substantial local fund­ and political will than reliance upon any particular growth man­ ing in the past several years to acquire and protect open space. agement tool or technique. In the final analysis, state and local Cape Cod voters also have approved creating the Cape Cod land-use decisions are made by elected officials, with political Commission, a potentially powerful regional land use authority. considerations foremost in their minds. Effective participation in A wide variety of state and local planning and regulatory strat­ these decisions requires an explicit acknowledgement of the po­ egies are available to protect park resources. While a basic fa­ litical nature of the process. miliarity w ith the technical and legal aspects of these strategies The following general rules also help improve effectiveness. is essential, detailed technical knowledge is less important than Be a credible resource for public officials. There is no sub­ an understanding of and active participation in the local process­ stitute for thorough preparation, so do your homework and their es in which land use decisions are made. Several factors—early homework. Keep local officials informed about resource protec­ participation, devotion of substantial time and energy, an under­ tion issues, and always fulfill your commitments. standing of how the real estate market and development process Build effective coalitions. Encourage articulate and energetic functions, political acumen, good humor, and persistence—are people who care about their community to get involved. These among the necessary ingredients for effective participation by allies generally need to be much broader-based than "Friends park managers in local land use decisions. Beyond this, the fol­ of" groups. Creatively identify common ground with others who lowing general principles should be kept in mind. are not natural allies, perhaps downtown merchant associations. KNOW THY NEIGHBOR. Effective participation requires de­ On the other hand, it may be necessary to break ranks with tradi­ veloping constructive working relationships with key local deci­ tional allies on some issues. You can do so without losing re­ sionmakers, landowners, and citizen activists. These relation­ spect if you are guided by firm principles rather than political ships should be developed outside of council chambers and expediency.

14 COURIER August 1990 he Conservation Foundation's Successful Communities program provides technical assistance and small T grants to local governments and citizens organizations around the country. The program seeks to improve the use of local land use planning, land and easement acquisition, and growth management to protect significant natural and cultural resources. The Apalachee Land Conservancy received a Successful Communities innovation grant to protect canopy roads near Tallahassee. FL. (Photo by Kathenne l.isenhy.)

Clearly articulate why public officials should protect the national parks is to help build local concern for protecting park park. Appeals to non-economic values play best to the already resources and to help translate this concern into effective converted, not to swing votes. The assertion by business leaders political action. This requires savvy, sustained involvement in that a proposal is "bad for business" can wreck the best laid con­ local land use decisionmaking processes and a focus on the servation plans. However, park protection appeals based upon positive contributions that the park makes to the overall local quantifiable economic factors are increasingly credible, as local quality of life. "quality of life" becomes a more important factor in business sit­ ing decisions. Although it can require substantial effort, docu­ Luther Props! is field director of The Conservation Founda­ menting the extent to which a national park contributes to the lo­ tion's Successful Communities program in Washington. DC. and cal economy in property values, sales tax revenues, and jobs, is working with a number of communities adjacent to national can be a powerful tool. parks. Michael Mantell is General Counsel of World Wildlife CONCLUSION. Whether we like it or not. the condition of Fund and The Conservation Foundation. national park resources increasingly rests in the hands of state and local land use decisionmakers. The key to effective partici­ pation by park managers in state and local decisions affecting

August 1990 COURIER 15 TURNING THE TIDE— THE RELATED LANDS CHALLENGE

Photo courtesy ofAssateague Island NS.

16 COURIER August 1990 odern development M with sensitivity to historic values in downtown Santa Fe. wildlife habitat adjacent to commercial uses in Estes Park, protection of the cultural landscape along the Blue Ridge Parkway, cooperation with the Conservation Fund to purchase a tract next to Rocky Mountain NP so the barriers can come down: a private residence nestled in trees almost invisible from Great Falls Park: these are some examples of compatible uses of adjacent lands that planners can encourage. —Photos by Warren Brown.

August 1990 COURIER 17 BY JONATHAN DOHERTY & JOE DIBELLO RELATED LANDS — A REGIONAL DIRECTOR'S PERSPECTIVE

Q: Why did you feel it was important to deal with related any other park in the country that has more impacts from urban lands in the Mid-Atlantic Region? What led you to get the re­ encroachment. The Advisory Board members kept shaking their gion involved? heads and saying there must be something we can do. A: When I first arrived, the big inventory of threats to the I was driving back from that session and for some reason—I parks was going on. The major threat in this region was urban don't know why it took me all those years—I thought of one of encroachment—development outside of park boundaries. It our division's river conservation work. By cooperating with in­ seemed that the only approach available was park expansion. terested parties—landowners, local and county governments— The impracticality of this, coupled with the Administration's de­ and applying a variety of techniques, they were making things cision to make additional land acquisition a low priority, made it happen. That same kind of approach could be successful with almost impossible to deal with this problem in a positive way. our neighbors surrounding the parks. We could help them as Then, a few years ago the Secretary's Advisory Board toured well as help ourselves. My approach was "let's send a planner Richmond NBP. Of all the parks that need a strategy for related down there." The Division of Park and Resource Planning lands, Richmond. I think, is the classic example. I don't know of worked out the process and we moved forward. The interesting

patible private ownership; and 3) set up a cooperative in­ MARO's Approach to Related centives-based conservation initiative for a 10,000 acre Lands historic district surrounding the park. Legislation to enact these provisions has been passed by the House and is A broad range of historic, natural and recreational re­ awaiting final action in the Senate. sources related to NPS units require conservation. Many At Richmond NBP, NPS staff worked with the city, are critically important to park purposes. Increasingly, lo­ three counties and the state to develop a strategy for con­ cal communities also view them as critical to their own serving, interpreting and promoting Richmond's broadly futures. But limited funding, staffing and expertise often dispersed battlefield resources. This "Richmond Civil mean parks need assistance in responding to issues that War Heritage Initiative" will be implemented through: 1) arise from these related lands. a Heritage Council that coordinates a range of activities; Since 1985, MARO's Division of Park and Resource 2) a conservation incentive program for landowners and Planning has addressed related-lands issues through a local government: 3) a battlefield trail and interpretive cooperative planning process. The regional office has ini­ program: and 4) a promotion effort to showcase Rich­ tiated and completed related-lands planning efforts at sev­ mond's heritage. eral parks. Other parks and regions may benefit from At New River Gorge NR, the Service is working with MAR park experience, the planning process used, and the county governments and private groups to develop a "Re­ key elements of the MAR related-lands program. gional Vision" as the basis lor a strategy to assure conser­ Regional office related-lands efforts have focused on vation of the area's key resources, while assisting local four parks. At Gettysburg NMP, NPS staff used a con- communities to develop compatible economic activities. gressionally directed "boundary study" to work with com­ Similar work with George Washington Birthplace NM re­ munity and national interests to develop a broadly sup­ lated lands was described in the August 1989 Courier. ported strategy for conserving park-related resources. The Despite the diverse nature and resources of these strategy, now being implemented, will: 1) add 2.000 acres parks, all of the projects have common elements: of key battlefield sites to the park; 2) emphasize less- • a planning process based on: 1) broad public involve­ than-fee acquisition within the boundary to maintain com­ ment to develop public consensus supporting all deci-

18 COURIER August 1990 thing about this is that there were solutions and approaches right modem in an area when people arrive in cars and buses and the here in our own office that just needed to be applied. park uses modern interpretive devices is unrealistic.

Q: You mentioned process. What do you think is an important Q: You spoke of involving state agencies, local governments, first step'.' landowners and private groups. What are their roles? A: You need to get local officials, county commissioners, and A: They are part of the team that needs to find solutions; to county planners, as well as landowners, to agree on some basic find methods to preserve the values that we all agree need to be values. Often the first step in doing that is to reduce their fears. preserved. State agencies, for example, know which state pro­ Their obvious first fear is that you want to take their land. To grams may be applicable. It is amazing where some of the solu­ convince them otherwise, you have to make them part of the so­ tions come from. At Gettysburg one of the things suggested was lution. It's an age-old formula for getting things done. the application of the state's agricultural preservation programs. Once you've gotten people involved and begun to clarify is­ New tools and approaches are uncovered all the time. sues, you agree on some values. From there, it's an easy next step The other thing that may encourage cooperation is the value of to say "let's work together and develop a strategy to protect these living next to a park. This is a real value for park neighbors, and values." For example, let's say you agree that a certain ridge was they should take a selfish economic interest in preserving it. I a key strategical location in a Civil War battle. Then you agree think we should capitalize on this. that to understand that battle you need to see the ridge. People often are willing to say. "I can see that it's important to see the Q: It often seems that we work with people to address NPS ridge and how far away it was. Now what are our options for concerns, but in the end the solutions have mutual benefits. protecting it?" What do you think? The process is based on cooperation, logic and a positive, rath­ A: Through our related lands work at New River Gorge NR er than a negative outlook. You can't start out by saying. "I don't we have a tremendous opportunity to influence development want you to build your shopping center." You try to establish around the park before it gets out of hand We also ean help the something that you're for, before you come out against some­ local economy bring in new businesses that will complement the thing. Plus, you try to be realistic. To say there won't be anything park environment.

sions; 2) a range of issues associated with national con­ assistance that could include: sharing information and servation interests and local economic needs; 3) a coop­ ideas on conservation, land use options, and tourism; re­ erative, comprehensive, resource-based concept; viewing federal, state and local proposals which may in­ • linkages between: I) NPS facilities and programs, fluence important park and community resources: and and state and local facilities and programs: 2) resources helping to develop strategies for resource conservation. inside and outside park boundaries; 3) federally man­ Second, it could provide training for park managers aged core areas and their locally managed surroundings: and staff, regional professional staff, public officials, 4) national and local interests; landowners and the development community in any •a unifying concept that ties together conservation, number of ways. An annual conference on park and tourism, recreation, and economic revitalization at the community resource issues could be held. NPS training local, state and national park level: programs could offer additional courses on developing • a cooperative partnership of federal, state and local related-lands strategies. The regional office could pro­ government, landowners and private organizations to vide consultation workshops for specific parks and com­ implement the concept; munities. A workbook and other written or video infor­ • mutual benefits for both parks and surrounding mation could be developed to assist related-lands efforts. communities—parks benefit through resource conserva­ Most importantly, the region could initiate more pro­ tion, support and awareness; communities benefit grams at park units determined to be of regional priority. through increased economic activity, quality of life, fed­ These programs would develop comprehensive strate­ eral and state funding, and heritage conservation. gies for conserving park and community resources. The Mid-Atlantic Region works to develop related lands strategies with these elements through a limited planning assistance program for parks and their sur­ rounding communities. It is seeking funding to provide for several additional activities. First, the region wants to respond to more park/ community requests for resource conservation planning

August 1990 COURIER 19 I believe we need to reevaluate our outlook on development. Q: How do we incorporate this approach in our daily We tend to be against it. But in many cases, we can identify or management? influence adjacent development so that it is compatible with park A: Dealing with related lands is an on-going issue. Once we values. We're a lot better off that way than by opposing all local have reached agreement with our neighbors as to what values we development needs and winding up without influence. need to preserve, we're talking about a long-term commitment. Such work happens over many, many years. Q: You're suggesting working closely with neighboring com­ One important element is a good set of management objectives munities. How do you react to the attitude that our responsibili­ explaining what we are trying to achieve and measuring the im­ ties and focus should be primarily within our boundaries? pacts of things that happen outside the park. Good management A: There ini^hi be a park somewhere in the system that doesn't objectives help evaluate when something is important and when need to look outside of its boundaries, but I doubt it. Air Hows it's not. in; noise flows in: visitors come in. all from the outside. We im­ In terms of staffing. I think we need very skilled people work­ pact our neighbors too. I don't think anybody could live in a ing on this. We need related-lands experts throughout the sys­ community and not care what the neighbors do or say. We have tem. In this region we have them in the regional office. We have mutual responsibilities. some parks where we probably should have them on staff. No superintendent—at least in most of the parks we have been

Shenandoah NP Begins Related In December, 1989. Wade. Coleman, and others briefed Lands Study Director Ridenour on the proposal to conduct a "related lands study." "There should be a typical section of the Appalachian Drawing on public involvement. Shenandoah NP's study range established as a national park with its native flora will identify the critical values that contribute to the pur­ and fauna conserved and made accessible for public use poses for which the park was established. The comprehen­ and its development undertaken with federal funds." sive effort will assess the values and resources on lands Director Stephen Mather wrote these words in 1923, but both inside and outside Shenandoah NP—no small under­ despite a tremendous effort by the Commonwealth of Vir­ taking for an area that begins at Front Royal and stretches ginia, the citizens of the Shenandoah Valley, the NPS and 105 miles to Rockfish Gap near Waynesboro, VA. touch­ others, resource preservation still is not guaranteed. ing eight county governments along the way. The legislation establishing the park stated that the area The NPS is conducting the related lands study at She­ should cover approximately 521.000 acres, a size consid­ nandoah NP because reacting to development proposals as ered necessary to preserve a representative sample of the they arise is often ineffective. Once a development has southern Appalachian mountains. However. Shenandoah been proposed it is often too late to identify and imple­ NP stopped at I95.(KK) acres because the Commonwealth ment successful protection or mitigation. The Service of Virginia met resistance when it tried to purchase the needs a sound resource base inventory extending beyond land. Until recently, the park has been able to protect the park boundaries, an inventory it can use to promote sound area's vital natural and cultural resources while providing planning and land use decisions. The Service will be Americans with numerous opportunities for recreation. working with national environmental and conservation or­ But Shenandoah NP begins this decade of the 1990s ganizations to design the procedure for accomplishing this faced with a challenge: how can the Service protect the massive effort. values for which the park was created when so many of The related lands study will use state of the art technolo­ those values are influenced by private lands in a region gy. The park is analyzing infrared satellite photographs that is developing rapidly. Panoramic views from Skyline and digitizing the data to prepare a geographic informa­ Drive, wildlife habitat and corridors, air and water quality, tion system data base that includes the park and surround­ all have contributed to Shenandoah's description as "a park ing lands. The park is also exploring a computerized mod­ outside a park" because so much of what is seen is not elling system that can show the impacts of area publicly owned. Park staff and friends worry that vital re­ development. sources are disappearing. Sandv Rives In partial answer to these concerns. MARO Director Jim Coleman asked Superintendent Bill Wade to initiate a new effort to protect the critical resources of Shenandoah NP.

20 COURIER August 1990 and surrounding the Garthright House unit of Richmond NBP would have been split into half-acre lots by a L recent subdivision proposal. By providing planning assistance, NPS was able to develop alternatives which allowed the county to buy the land for a public park. NPS is now assisting in a inasterplan for the county land.

working with—can devote as much time as is really required to land, you can't insure it will be managed the way you want it to deal with these issues. Related-lands issues are full-time require­ be. In some sense that is accurate. But what is certain in life, ments at Gettysburg. Richmond. Fredericksburg, and Shenan­ anyway? If these things are important to us then we have to find doah. Numerous things are going on in real estate, land use and solutions. We'll never be able to buy all the buffers that people related areas. I don't expect superintendents to manage alone. talk about, so why not try a solution that really might work?

Q: Some are concerned about funding staff to work outside Jonathan Doherty is a planner in the Mid-Atlantic Regional Of­ park boundaries when funding is already short for activities fice's Division of Park & Resource Planning. Joe DiBello is the within the park. What are your thoughts? acting chief of that division. A: I think if you overlook threats to important park resourc­ es—whether those threats are inside or outside the park— you're likely to lose the resources. If you don't work on the problem when you have an opportunity, you may never get that opportu­ nity again. If we put a building at the wrong place inside a park Tips From Shenandoah we can always tear it down or move it. But when somebody builds something outside park boundaries, like the tower in Get­ For Creating A Related Lands tysburg, it's very, very difficult to have it removed. A shopping center is not likely to be go away easily. Strategy

Q: What advice would you give parks facing external threats? • create staff awareness of the issues A: I suggest that superintendents come in. sit down and talk • meet with planning directors, planning commissioners with those who have been dealing with related lands. It's impor­ and board of supervisors of counties on park boundary tant to start out carefully and get landowners and others involved • become familiar with county zoning and comprehen­ in the best way. Quite frankly, if you antagonize adjacent land­ sive plans owners before you get started on a project, you have to undo that • look for issue awareness: towers, airports, landfills, antagonism before you can make progress. So talk to experi­ housing subdivisions, ozone, and visibility are possibilities enced personnel first. In this region, call the Division of Park and • develop a list of people to call for help Resource Planning. Superintendents from other regions should • develop a slide show and graphics feel free to call some of the people here as well, or any one of the • use GIS. satellite photos and other visual aids park superintendents who have had some experience. • build support for the values held by the park: look for areas of agreement rather than disagreement Q: Do you have any final thoughts to share? • if there must be a fight, choose the right fight; if you A: I think related-lands issues are the most important business know you are going to lose, do it behind the scenes, or at we are handling right now. There are skeptics, of course, who least choose a fight that is important claim we are trying to get basic agreements on the values of the • develop media relations; the press can be a big help. parks. The skeptics say that anybody could come in and develop because our agreements are on paper, that unless you own the

August 1990 COURIER 21 BY CYNTHIA ORLANDO WORKING OUTSIDE A TRADITIONAL PARK SETTING

remember reading with interest a KSA associated with a Here is Ebey's Landing NHR. Located on Whidbey Island, on I vacancy announcement for the American Industrial Heritage the shores of Washington's northern Puget Sound, it began its Project (AIHP). It stressed "skill in furthering National Park history with Native American occupation, followed by the Service goals and objectives outside of a traditional park set­ passage of white explorers, and then the first settlers. One hun­ ting." Coincidentally. a year ago I had been detailed to AIHP dred years later. Congress created Ebey's Landing National His­ while participating in the OPM-sponsored Woman's Executive torical Reserve to preserve and protect "a rural community pro­ Leadership Program. Little did I know then how valuable that viding an unbroken historic record from the nineteenth century short period of time was and how important the above men­ exploration and settlement in Puget Sound to the present time." tioned "skill" would prove to be to my career. Twenty years in This unbroken historic record means that farms are still farmed, the National Park Service and listening to a lot of "this is how forests logged, and most historic buildings adaptively used as we did it at...." would never work here. residences or places of business. In fact, the relationship that

he Ferry House is one of many historic structures in the heart of Ebey's Prarie. It served as T a lodge and tavern, and now a private residence.

22 COURIER August 1990 oday, as in the past, the T Admiralty Inlet serves as the gateway to Pu^ei Sound. Scenic easements protect this critical area of Ebey's Prairie. exists between the resources of the Reserve and evolving com­ Whidbey Island, including the critical areas mentioned above, as munity values has shaped the area over time. Pioneer homes and a unit of the national park system. The measure was incorporat­ landscape remnants reveal a continuous history of man's interac­ ed in Public Law 95-625. which established the Reserve in No­ tion with the immediate environment. A rich and telling histori­ vember 1978. cal document, it is a landscape of heritage. The relatively warm. The Service's Revised Land Acquisition Policy of April 26. dry climate, safety of harbor and landing, productivity of the 1976. defines national reserves: "federal, state and local govern­ prairies and breathtaking scenic vistas create a cultural land­ ments form a special partnership around an area to be protected. scape that is much the same today as it was when Captain Planning, implementation and maintenance is a joint effort and George Vancouver explored the Puget Sound in 1792. is based on a mutual desire to protect the resource. Under this In 1970. Whidbey Island was identified by the former Bureau concept, the federal government, through the National Park Ser­ of Outdoor Recreation as having significant recreational vice, may acquire core zones intended to protect and permit ap­ potential. Possible uncontrolled development of this recreational propriate use of the most vital physical resources within author­ potential rallied local citizens to support protection of Whidbey ized boundaries of the area. The balance of property within Island's west coast through national seashore status, even though these areas may be protected through a combination of acquisi­ no action resulted. In the early 1970s escalating property values tion and management by the state and local governments, and and pressures for residential development created two crises that the development of zoning or similar controls acceptable to the helped hasten the creation of the Reserve. Secretary of the Interior." A pristine 8.000-foot cobble beach, the Keystone Spit, adja­ More and more, people are recognizing that "they're not mak­ cent to an already existing popular state park first was threatened ing any more land..." The reserve concept represents a creative, with large scale condominium development. Efforts for public- though non-traditional approach, to the challenge of land preser­ acquisition of the property via a Land and Water Conservation vation facing the NPS today. Some examples of the way it Fund grant through the State Interagency Committee for Out­ works at Ebey's Landing include the following efforts. door Recreation were unsuccessful. However, citizen lawsuits Local real estate developers owning key Reserve parcels were successfully stalled development. not interested in selling scenic easements: so NPS purchased the About the same time the heart of Ebey's Prairie was threatened lands in fee. Then, when adjacent landowners who wanted to ex­ with a large lot subdivision. Development of this prime agricul­ pand their agricultural base lands could not afford the developa­ tural land dotted with historic farms dating from the mid-1800s ble property, the NPS acquired scenic easements on the farmers' would have impacted severely the island's small agricultural in­ lands in exchange for a restricted fee interest (NPS retaining a dustry. Again a local citizens' suit stalled development, and ef­ scenic easement) in the land acquired from the developers. This forts at public acquisition commenced. The Washington State type of creative land exchange helped protect nearly 500 acres Parks and Recreation Commission acquired a 200-foot wide of prime farmland. shoreline portion of the Prairie. In April of 1978. Congressman Additional creative efforts by the National Park Service, with Lloyd Meeds introduced legislation to recognize all of Central the cooperation of Washington State Parks, resulted in

August 1990 COURIER 23 protective measures for the Keystone Spit. A special appropria­ protected.and negotiations are progressing to acquire scenic- tion provided land acquisition funds for Olympic National Park easements over an additional 300 acres. Of the initial S4.5 mil­ to purchase this pristine resource from private developers. The lion authorized, a little more than half a million dollars remains Spit then was given to Washington State Parks in exchange for for further land acquisition within the reserve. 57 miles of state-owned tidelands adjacent to Olympic. This ef­ The original National Register nomination established the fort required authorizing legislation by both the U.S. Congress Central Whidbey Historic District in 1973. It did not include and Washington State Legislature. Now preserved as open space 20th-century structures as contributing elements to the District. for the Reserve, the Spit is available for public recreation under The NPS is amending the nomination to include many more his­ the management of Washington State Parks. toric structures, the historic cultural landscape as an essential In keeping with this non-traditional approach to preservation, component of the district, and an expanded exploration and set­ the enabling legislation for the Reserve allows the Secretary to tlement theme to define history as it progressed, including all delegate administrative responsibilities to an appropriate unit of the "eras" reflected as a historical continuum. local government while continuing to provide technical assis­ INTREPRETATION. Resource protection is interpretation, and tance in the management, protection and interpretation of the the Reserve story becomes more visible daily as major interpre­ area. An Inter-Local Agreement between the National Park Ser­ tive efforts are accomplished. One proposed wayside exhibit by vice, Island County. Town of Coupeville and Washington State Harper's Ferry Center will interpret cultural landscapes and pres­ Parks established a joint administrative board called the Trust ervation strategies, including scenic easements and development Board for Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve. A coop­ rights. Adjacent property owners have been involved. Coopera­ erative agreement between the board and the Service defines the tive agreements for NPS-funded design, construction and instal­ authorities and responsibilities of the Board and provides for lation of interpretive exhibits on non-NPS owned property have federal funding of up to 50 percent of its annual operating costs. been drafted with Washington State Parks. Washington State The county presently matches this amount with funding and in- Department of Transportation (Marine Division). Island County kind services. and the Island County Historical Society. MANAGEMENT. To reaffirm NPS commitment to this Three interpretive sites and a trail rehabilitation project were unique area RD Charles Odegaard appointed a full-time superin­ completed with maintenance support from North Cascades' tendent to set the parameters for professional and efficient man­ maintenance foreman. One project started on state parks land by agement of the reserve, represent him in the interpretation and a NPS YCC crew was finished by a Washington State Parks implementation of Service policies and procedures, and serve on WCC crew. Materials, design elements and construction tech­ the Trust Board. In addition to daily operations, overseeing com­ niques were all done in accordance with NPS standards outlined pletion of the land acquisition program, implementing the way­ in a set of Visual Compatibility Guidelines developed expressly side exhibit plan, coordinating the planning and construction of for Reserve landscapes. interpretive sites, and developing standards for operations evalu­ Management within Ebey's Landing NHR continues to reflect ation, the superintendent establishes management direction and the increasing importance of partnerships, and all indications are provides an administrative framework necessary to delegate dai­ that the formidable challenge to protect resources within the ly operations to the appointed Board. A critical responsibility is area through cooperation with federal, state and local entities is the development of a scenic easement administration plan. being met. The visionaries who fought against development and Establishing a management direction required some evaluation for preservation provided the framework on which the success of what the reserve was intended to do. Board members com­ of the Reserve concept will be built. My naivete of a year ago pleted an intensive series of strategic planning sessions in which has been replaced with a great sense of accomplishment, and I they developed a mission statement, defined objectives and man­ hope I have developed the "skill in furthering NPS goals and ob­ agement policies, and identified individual development needs jectives outside of a traditional park setting." to ensure successful implementation of these policies. Board or­ ganization focused on committee delegations, emphasizing five Ebey's Landing Superintendent Cynthia Orlando wishes to ae- areas: resource protection, interpretation/education, facilities knowledge NPS colleagues Harlan Hobbs, ReedJarvis, Gretch- maintenance, public affairs and administration. Roles and re­ en Luxenberg, and Trust Board staff Rob Harbour for their as­ sponsibilities specifically were defined, using the Organic Act, sistance with this article. the Reserve's Enabling Legislation and its Comprehensive Plan. Seven Board members are volunteers and donated more than one thousand hours during 1989. PROTECTION. Of the 2.500 acres identified for NPS protec­ tion, a little more than 100 acres will be retained in federal fee ownership, and 300 acres by Washington State Parks and Recre­ ation Commission. The remaining 2.KK) acres will remain in pri­ vate ownership, protected in varying degrees by scenic ease­ ments restricting development. To date. 1.500 acres have been

24 COURIER August 1990 George Hartzog's Public Service Career Recognized at Awards Luncheon

When former NPS director George B. Hartzog. Jr.. stood beside I am the luckiest, most grateful man alive. the podium to accept the Henry M. Jackson Award for Distinguished Forty-three years ago this month I was fortunate to marry the pret­ Public Service, we all stood with him—not literally, but certainly fig­ tiest girl in Massachusetts. Many times I have acknowledged that was uratively, because Mr. Hartzog has a way of speaking for everyone. the smartest thing I ever did. One of my former NPS colleagues vol­ At the June awards luncheon in Washington. DC. that honored unteered it was the only smart thing I ever did. I won't argue with that. him and former Bureau of Budget deputy director Philip (Sam) We have been blessed with three magnificent children: two are Meth­ Hughes, the room was crowded with Congressional dignitaries, with odist preachers and the other is in the public service of the Congress. friends and colleagues of the award recipients, and with those who re­ Politics, the medium in which the people transact their common membered and celebrated the extraordinary man known as "Scoop" business, is honorable and indispensable to the survival of democratic Jackson in whose memory the award was presented. Elliot Richard­ government. The practitioners are the elected and appointed politieal son attended, as did Lindy Boggs and Slade Gorton and Sam Nunn. leadership of the Republic and the career service. All of them— to name a few. James Schlesinger provided the opening remarks, and politicians and bureaucrats—are public servants. They interface on Paul Volker. chairman of the National Commission on the Public the "fire line" where political policy meets program execution. Each Service, set the tone with comments that described the two award re­ is essential to the success of the other: it is a disaster to the public in­ cipients as "living embodiments of high professionalism dedicated to terest when either believes otherwise. the public interest." In the name of the people, they minister to the suffering, defend But it was George Hartzog who naturally spoke most clearly to our freedom, rescue the environment, protect the public health, ex­ the Service. To listen to him speak was to be charged with new ener­ plore the universe, maintain public order and perform myriads of oth­ gy to do the public good. To watch him receive the award was to be er tasks essential to our well-being as a society. made more fully aware of the importance of heroes, not so much of Forty-four years ago 1 became an employee of the Department of what they accomplished as of the standard those accomplishments set the Interior. There I spent twenty-seven of the happiest, most fulfill­ for those who follow. ing and hardest working years of my life. It was there that my bride, Hartzog defined public servants as those who "in the name of the our children and I were privileged to live and work among the most people, minister to the suffering, defend our freedom, rescue the en­ talented, creative and dedicated people I have ever known. It was vironment, explore the universe, maintain public order and perform there that I had "the best job in the world"—Director of the National myriads of other tasks essential to our well-being as a society." Park Service. With happy hearts all of us toiled to fulfill the role of Such a high standard might be contrasted to the statistics shared government as defined by President Lincoln—doing for the people by Volker. A poll conducted by the National Commission on Public that which they cannot do for themselves. We tried not only to man­ Service indicates that fifty percent of those who responded felt the age parks better but also to keep them continuously relevant to the federal government offered only routine work opportunities. In fact, changing needs of society. That, to me. is the essence of public ser­ eighty percent believed their contributions had no influence what­ vice. And. I would gladly do it all again. soever on the outcome of federal programs. Volker also shared sug­ I have never known a greater exemplar of public service than the gestions made by the commission to heighten interest in public ser­ man whose memory we honor today. Scoop Jackson's dedicated life vice—options ranging from a fellowship program exchanging in sen ice to others inspired people around the world. He was a tower­ college undergraduate funding for several years of public service, to ing rock of integrity: a courageous visionary who could challenge you the reduction of political appointees in the federal ranks. He ob­ to walk with him along unchartered paths in search of the public inter­ served, however, that in the end he suspected something less tangible est; and a companion in whom the well-springs of friendship and would make the difference in the federal workforce—"a matter of good fellowship never ran dry. spirit, a matter of personal challenge." Early in my childhood I read a statement hanging on the walls of a A similar observation might have been deduced from Hartzog's country doctor's office, saying: "It is well to have money and the and Hughes' selection for the Henry M. Jackson Award. It was the things that money can buy. but it is well to check up once in a while to challenge of public service—the act of being dedicated to a higher see whether you have lost the things that money can't buy." goal—that seemed to motivate Hartzog. Hughes and. indeed. Scoop To young people in search of a career. I recommend the public ser­ Jackson, the man Volker referred to as the "hero of public service." vice. I promise you a lifetime of challenging labor and the assurance the man whose motto was "who can we help today." These men that, in the end. you can say with pride and satisfaction—1 have the shared a mission motivated not by self-interest, but by a desire for the things of life that money can't buy. public good—a mission that may find greater expression in public This is the happiest day of my life. With humility. I accept this service once again, if reforms like those Volker discussed are incor­ award on behalf of my family and in the name of my co-laborers in porated and if employees looking to instill new meaning into their ca­ the National Park Service. Thank you very much. reers can find that little something extra, that "spirit and personal challenge" Volker discussed. And wc who stood with George Hartzog in spirit, if not in fact, For those and others looking for inspiration, the follow ing words also say thanks—for his courage, his dedication, his heroism—the ex­ are offered—Hartzog's address on receipt of the Henry M. Jackson ample he continues to set of saying and doing for all of us what we award. cannot always say and do for themselves.

August 1990 COURIER 25 PARK BRIEFS

taff from the Mid­ canal route from the southern its length, will pass various natu­ he proposed New S west Regional boundary of the park to the town ral, historical and recreational T River Parkway, Office and Cuyahoga Valley of Zoar. Paul Labovitz serves as features in the recreation area. running along the river for I 1 NRA arc working with the park's the NPS liaison. Superintendent Debo said. miles, w ill have a significant im­ neighboring communities to en­ In April, groundbreaking cere­ "This project is even more excit­ pact on the visitor's experience at hance the various "connections'' monies were held to inaugurate ing now that community groups New River Gorge NR. Without between them. One major con­ the restoration and development have organized to extend the trail appropriate guidelines, future land nection is the historic 65-mile of the Ohio and Erie Canal tow- along the Ohio and Erie Canal uses along the parkway could be Ohio & Erie Canal running path as it is transformed into a corridor all the way into down- incompatible with the rural char­ through the park. Interested citi­ 21-mile multi-purpose trail tow n Cleveland on the north and acter of the area and threaten the zens have formed the Ohio & through Cuyahoga Valley NRA. through Akron and Massillon to visual experience of the New Riv­ Erie Canal Corridor Coalition to The trail, which will be handi­ Zoar on the south." er. NPS is working w ith the New establish a corridor alone this capped accessible for nearly till River Parkway Authority, local communities, the state and Vir­ ginia Tech University to develop a master plan and land use con­ trols that encourage development that is affordable, responsive to landowner desires and compatible w ith the park's visitor experience.

ape Cod is a great C place for a lot of activities, including some illegal ones. Because of its 40-plus miles of "backeountry" Atlantic Ocean shoreline. Cape Cod \S draws hikers, fishermen and drug traf­ fickers. To help combat the latter's free movement, the National Guard is providing plane and helicopter surveillance of the vast Cape area. Supt. Andy Ringgold said the On hand to help break ground were (I to r) Cleveland Metroparks planner Steve Coles, Summit County Metro Guard's "Yankee Scout" program Parks director John Daily. C\ NRA Superintendent John Debo. Jr.. Ohio & Erie Corridor Coalition chairper­ provides valuable assistance to son Ann McLaughlin. Congressman Thomas C. Sawyer, former Congressman John C. Seiberling. and North the park's efforts to control off­ Cuyahoga \ alley Corridor. Inc., trustee Tom Yablonsky. shore drug smuggling, traffic and cultivation of drugs (usually mari­ nterior Secretary to meet with RDGerry Patten, his NARO). Secretary Lujan stressed juana). I Manuel Lujan visited staff and Boston NHPSupt. John his appreciation for the "daily Naturally, the park's budget (or the North Atlantic Region in Burchill and attend a reception work in the field" all NPS em­ town coffers) cannot include a May. He was in the area to give with private sector representa­ ployees do and gave some back­ fleet of "choppers." so the Guard's the commencement address at tives. On a raw. rainy afternoon he ground on recent Interior deci­ assistance is crucial in giving all Anna Maria College near met and spoke to about 75 NAR sions. A short Q&A session Cape law enforcement groups an Worcester (M A) and for a con­ employees at the historic Old followed. aerial advantage. NG Lt. Col. clave in Vermont. His schedule South Meeting House, (part of R. Dixie Tourangeau Stewart Tauber said the helicop­ allowed for a 24-hour Boston stop Boston NHP. two blocks from ters are on call for local agencies throughout Massachusetts. It also was pointed out that helicopters he Battle of Five serve the site. In 1°62. the agency have been acquired in fee and a can help detect offshore rendez­ Forks was fought on was authorized by Congress to 437-acrc conservation easement T vous between fishing boats and April 1. 1865. and has been acquire 1.200 acres of the battle­ will be donated by the landowner drug-carrying ships. Proving their termed the "Waterloo of the Con­ field: however, no funds were al to the Conservation Fund. NPS "helpful" diversity, a chopper re­ federacy." The battlefield on located for the purchase. Last Jan­ currently has a long-term lease cently carried away for disposal a which it was fought is critical to uary, w itli the assistance of the on the easement portions and hefty, rusted fuel tank found at the story of the siege of Peters­ Conservation Fund, a non-profit eventually will receive title to the Highland Light Beach. burg and the final days of the organization. Petersburg NB be­ property. Civil War. For almost 30 years. gan negotiations w ith major land­ R. Dixie Tourangeau NPS has been working to con­ owners. A total of 030 acres now

26 COURIER August 1990 rches NP employees "adopters" of this road segment. Ahave adopted two Part of an unwritten agreement miles of U.S. Highway 191. with UDOT. it repays UDOT for which runs along Moab Canyon constructing a parking area near past the visitor center, and are the site where the park plans to volunteering to clean up this sec­ erect an entrance sign. UDOT tion three times a year. Utah De­ hauled in 15-20 loads of dirt to partment of Transportation construct the parking area at no (UDOT) will be putting up a sign cost to the park. naming Arches NP employees as

reat Blue Heron Rookery volunteer birders indicates that G was established approxi­ rookery use has remained con­ mately 15 years ago on a private­ stant in spite of increased devel­ ly owned riparian site adjacent to opment. Much of the rookery's ilson's Creek NB relates to the park's viewshed, Curecanti NRA. The herons use success can be attributed to local W and the Midwest and greenbelts connecting the portions of the recreation area, community efforts, property own­ which provides a habitat unique Regional Office arc working park with the city of Springfield, ers who recognized the special to the high, mountainous portions with the Greene County. MO. have been identified. Both groups nature of the rookery, and the Na­ of western Colorado. Information planning and zoning section as it feel that working together can en­ tional Park Service. obtained every spring by local updates its comprehensive county sure that the county's future plan. Superintendent Mae Berg growth and development will not and the commission already have compromise its historic and been working together to identify recreational values. mutual concerns. Zoning, as it

udge Harry Fisher. J 103 years old young, an important figure during the ef­ fort to designate Fort Scott as a national historic site, was on hand in May to help the park greet Governor Mike Hayden. Hayden stopped in at Fort Scott NHS to express his enthusiasm for the park and his continuing desire to improve Kansas' tour­ ism profile. The Southwest Regional ing development as compatible as When the motorcade arrived. T Office has spent the past possible with the proposed con­ Hayden was greeted by area resi­ three years gathering data and do­ servation area/monument. dents dressed in frontier period ing preliminary planning for Pe- Since that time, the NPS has costumes. A squad of U.S. Dra­ troglyphs NM. NPS Special Re­ continued to provide technical as­ goons acted as honor guards. the audience that the last three source Study/Study of sistance to the city in planning Steve Harry, dressed as a frontier years have seen a 60 percent in­ Alternatives (1988) was devel­ for drainage and recreation facili­ soldier, sounded a welcoming crease for Kansas' travel and tour­ oped in concert w ith the City of ties near the petroglyphs. The call from the balcony of the post ism promotion. Albuquerque's West Mesa Es­ NPS has also played an active as­ hospital building. Hayden told carpment Plan. This plan, com­ sistance role in the planning and pleted in 1988. defines not only a design of Unser Boulevard, a ma­ conservation area (similar to the jor roadway to be constructed di­ he 25th anniversary asked to send a card or letter let­ proposed national monument of Golden Spike ting the park know what they were rectly adjacent to and through the T boundaries) but also a design proposed national monument. NHS was celebrated August 4 as up to and where they were locat­ overlay z.one. which includes The city recently passed a resolu­ part of the 14th Annual Railroad­ ed. In return, park staff mailed out building height restrictions and tion requiring Unser to be de­ ers Festival. All NPS family copies of the latest publication set-backs, as well as require­ signed as a parkway, a measure members who worked at Golden called, of all things. Golden Spike ments for landscaping and colors. supported by the NPS. Spike in the past were invited to National Historic Site. The purpose of the design over­ come out and enjoy a day of fam­ lay zone is to have the surround­ ily fun and games. If they couldn't get away, they were

August 1990 COURIER 27 PARK BRIEFS

s the result of the signs, enhancement of historic- A successful Gettys­ buildings or street features, and burg Boundary Study, several support of compatible economic cooperative efforts are underway development. to conserve important related- In a separate matter. NPS staff lands resources near Gettysburg recently worked w ith the State NMP. The Service, the Borough Historic Preservation Officer, the of Gettysburg, and others are Bureau of Mines and a mining working on a major technical as­ company to resolve a proposed sistance project—Gettysburg His­ quarry expansion near the park. toric Pathways. This effort will The quarry, initially intending to revitalize a key historic street expand to within 100 feet of a corridor linking major interpre­ road, was granted a permit to ex­ tive facilities, nationally signifi­ pand only to within 300 feet so cant historic sites and structures that nothing would be visible associated with the Civil War and from the park. If NPS and the Park ranger Dan Mason addresses DARE program participants. Presidents Lincoln and Eisen­ company can negotiate perma­ hower, plus downtown business­ nent protection of the view ark rangers from After setting up and beginning es. The project could include res­ through donation of an easement P Pinnacles NM and the weekly classes. Joan received toration ol Lincoln Square. and an endowment fund for per­ Sequoia-Kings Canyon NP re­ an opportunity to transfer to the Grand Canyon. Park ranger Dan development of coordinated petual screening, some further ex­ cently joined forces in daring Mason from Sequoia was able to transportation and interpretive pansion may be allowed. kids to say no to drugs. Pinnacles park ranger Joan Blais started the step in and complete the pro­ DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance gram, with graduation ceremo­ Education) program during the nies held May 23. Students who past winter at two local elemen­ successfully completed the tary schools in San Benito course received specially made County. This innovative program certificates and t-shirts. During focuses on building self-esteem the ceremonies, the NPS was and helping kids resist peer pres­ commended by law enforcement sure to experiment with drugs. officials for offering this program DARE instructors not only bring to the local schools. The joint the message of saying no but also Pinnacles and Sequoia effort encourage kids to think about reached more than 400 students. their other choices in life. Role- one of the largest DARE pro­ playing and completing work­ grams sponsored by the NPS. book assignment-, help drive the anti-drug message home.

\X7 omen's History scheduling of the exhibit's show­ ecently, when a large proposed route. At the end of the • • in National ings. The photographs and infor­ R Wisconsin construc­ long day of public input, the per­ Parks." a traveling exhibit pre­ mation for the captions were tion company sought a special mit was denied. Trails Program pared by Harpers Ferry Center, compiled by Cynthia Kryston. permit to expand a quarry in the Manager Tom Gilbert noted that, was featured at the Berkshire- NARO chief of interpretation, Baraboo Hills, staff from the Ice since that public meeting, repre­ Conference on the History of and Polly Kaufman, who is writ­ Age Trail Project Office in Madi­ sentatives of the construction Women attended by 2.3(H) wom­ ing a history of women and na­ son. WI. joined w ith other public company have visited him seek­ en's historians at the Douglass tional parks. and private groups to express ing to work together to identify College campus of Rutgers Uni­ their concern. The quarry expan­ mutually acceptable sites for fur­ versity, in June. he Mount Rushmore sion would have had serious im­ ther quarry development. The exhibit is divided into four National Memorial pacts on one of the most scenic T sections: "Explorers and Adven­ Society, a friends-of-the-park stretches of Ice Age NST's turers." "Bringing Home the Ba­ group, has volunteered to raise- con." "Family Life in Faraway more than S50 million for facili­ Places." and "Helping People." ties rehabilitation at Mount Each section presents photo­ Riishmore N'Mem. They already graphs interpreting the historic- have paid for a project to deter­ role of women in parks all over mine the structural stability of the the country. sculpture. Megaly Green. HFC EEO man­ ager, has been coordinating the

28 COURIER August 1990 NPS PEOPLE

NEWS and Kerry King of Wupatki/Sunset Crater cies Act. According to Lambertson. Cape Cod NMs. and conducted primarily in the Navajo was the first park to consult with F&WS about language. Other classroom assistance was pro­ protective action and one of the first to use Booker T. Washington NM Acting Superin­ vided by Clarence Gorman, Bob Garber. cage-like enclosures to fend off predators. tendent Joseph Finan has been named Sarato­ Berta I libarri and Carry Henderson. Field R. Dixie Tourangeau ga NHP's new chief of maintenance. He began work included framing-up and wiring a garage his NPS career in 1979. working in various at Sunset Crater to develop carpentry skills and wage grade positions until he accepted a per­ building road shoulders at Wupatki to provide manent appointment at Fire Island NS in 1984. loader, motor grader.dump truck and road He transferred to Booker T. Washington in broom experience. Participants included 1986. Some of his accomplishments at the James Brown, Teddy Halwood. Joe Francis, monument include increasing division staff Deswood Bitsoe. David Wagner,'Teddy through the stay-in-school and cooperate e ed­ Dempsey. Tucsohn Smith, Lawrence ucation programs, implementing a regional Woody. John laughter. Steven Nez, Kee maintenance skills team training program, and Claw. Delbert Smallcanyon, Harrison John. completing an extensive restoration project on Kee Natonie, Kugene Tsosie. and Silas Nalo- the park's tobacco barn. nie.

AWARDS Captain Frederick .lacobsen. 47. has been appointed to supervise the maintenance of San Francisco Maritime NHP's historic ships. Be­ This Spring, administrators from Cape Cod fore joining the Service. Jacobsen was master NS and Gateway NRA were honored by our of the three-masted schooner. Shenandoah of "cousin" agency, the National Fish and Wild­ Sark, and had supervised its restoration. life Service (F&WS). for their efforts to pro­ tect piping plovers. At the Eastham Coast Guard Station. F&WS Northeast Regional Director Ronald Lambert- Twenty-three years ago. Roy VV. Weaver son handed out a regional conservation award was a seasonal ranger at Bandolier NM. Now to new Cape Cod Superintendent Andy Ring­ NPS chief historian Edwin C. Ilearss (left) SW RD John Cook has appointed him superin­ gold, who immediately shared it with the sea­ conducts a summer tour of Gettysburg NMP tendent of that park area, following Jose Cisne- shore staff and former superintendent. Herbert as Interior secretary Manuel Lttjan looks on. ros. who has moved on to the superintendency Olsen. who is responsible for current piping at Gettysburg NMP. Weaver comes to the po­ plover rules that take effect w henever the birds Chief Historian F;d Bearss was honored sition from the superintendency of Nez Perce begin nesting at the Cape. The award was June 20 by Assistant Secretary for Fish and Mil'. for the park's stringent protective measures taken to restore nesting beach areas and its de­ Wildlife and Parks Constance Harriman and termination to educate the public about the the rest of the Harriman family for "making the birds and explain the "controversial" beach Civil War come alive for us." Bearss led a tour of Chickamauga and Chattanooga, and Shiloh Guadalupe Mountains NP has a new super­ closings, especially toORV users. NMPs. which the Harriman family, long-time intendent—Carry Henderson, a 27-year NPS Plovers are picky; they don't like too much Civil War Buffs, attended. Bearss says. "Out­ veteran and most recently the superintendent activity where they settle—so all motor and side of Yellowstone, the Grand Canyon, and of Wupatki and Sunset Crater NMs. He fol­ foot traffic is normally curtailed in the area. Yosemite. military parks are the best known low s Karen Wade who has moved on to the su­ They are also sand-colored and small—not as because so many people are interested in the perintendency of Wrangell-St. Elias NP. visible as other shore birds. Unfortunately for Civil War." Sunset Crater NMs Betty Wagner has human beachgoers. plovers nest between Mc- A 35-year NPS veteran. Bearss said he be­ accepted a promotion and transfer to Chicka­ morial Day and July fourth. came interested in the Civil War in the seventh saw NRA. Also transferring is Sunset Crater's Down at Gateway's Breezy Point Unit RD grade: "My father used to read books to my District ranger Todd Brindle. who will be Lambertson gave a similar award to Superin­ brother and me about military history ...I'm not serving as Wawona Sub-District ranger in tendent Robert Mcintosh. Jr. and staff, for "im­ sure if he was reading them to amuse himself Yosemite NP. plementing several vital management activi­ ties" in 1989 to help the plovers. The park or us." fenced off areas and posted signs informing the public of the plovers' existence and stepped "Maintenance Training for Navajo Speaking up enforcement of protective regulations. Pos­ Dick Ashbaker. a Hawaii Volcanoes NP employees" was prov ided by the Southwest sible predators were removed from the area volunteer, won the First Lady's Outstanding Region for sixteen Navajo employees from anil some beach closings were necessary. Su­ Volunteer Award in the adult category for the nine NPS areas. Classroom work was en­ perintendent Mcintosh accepted the award on Big Island. All expenses were paid for a trip to hanced by field projects at Wupatki and Sunset behalf of his staff and volunteers who worked Honolulu, where he dined with First Lady Crater NMs. The training was coordinated by on the plover project. Lynn Waihee in the Sheraton Waikiki Hotel Rose James and Steve Nez of Navajo NM. Piping plovers were listed as "threatened" on Hawaii Ballroom. Teddy Halwood of Canyon de Chelly NM. the 1986 addition to the 1973 Endangered Spe­

August 1990 COURIER 29 NPS PEOPLE

Ashbaker's volunteer position is unusual. strong self-motivation and a willingness to put Under a blazing sun. sometimes through nox­ forth the extra effort and study necessary to go ious fumes and over rugged terrain, he safely beyond that which normally is required or ex­ guides \ isitors interested in a elose-up view of pected." Fedorchak also received a commen­ active lava. Dick cites two motivations for his dation from Deputy Regional Director Richard dedication and enthusiasm: "I really love the Marks for his work as an interpretive skills volcano and I like to work with people. It's a course instructor. Unfortunately. Carlsbad real thrill for me to see their faces w hen they Caverns NP will not benefit much longer from first see the flow ing lava. The feeling you get Fedorchak's skills and expertise, as both he when you make people happy is something and his w ife. Sheri. are transferring to dual ca­ money can't buy." reer positions at Lassen Volcanic NP.

R. Merrick Smith, retired DSC senior land­ Three PNR employees were honored with scape architect, received a special achievement the 1990 RD's awards: Whitman Mission NHS award for landscape consultation on special Superintendent Francis T. (Terry) Darby for White House design projects during 1989. The fiscal resources management while at Oregon award was presented in the gardens of Frede­ Caves NM: North Cascades NPS Complex rick Law Olmsted NHS by Jim McDaniel. employee Jonathan B. Jarvis for environ­ He also hopes to spend more time bicycling, While House Liaison. Superintendent Roll Di- mental resource management: and PNRO em­ draw ing. painting, woodworking and "just amant and the park staff participated in the cer­ ployee Richard W. I.azeres for human re­ puttering." emony. Smith, who developed the award- sources management. winning design for East Executive Park, cur­ rently works part-time lor the Oil tec of White House Liaison. Grand Teton's chief of maintenance. Roger While the nation observed Earth Day. Big Haney. has retired after 30 years of assign­ Thicket NPre honored park volunteers with a ments in National Capital Region parks. Ever- dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony for elades NP. and Grand Teton NP. Doug Hicks received a Special Act Award the Big Sands Creek Unit horse trail. Preserve for managing the Williamsport Preservation Superintendent Ron Switzer presented native Training Center from November 1988 to Texans Steve Young, Clayton Lilley. Gerald March 1990. During this time Doug provided Humble. Weldon Talent. Ted xdams. Ken­ Rosa Tribby. secretary to four superinten­ planning, direction and leadership for a staff of neth and Tim Lambright. Ricky Cain and dents at Manassas NBP. retired June 30. Her 34 employees. Hicks' contributions kept the Randy Parker, who founded the Big Sandy dedication, courtesy, dependable service and Center's annual training programs on track and Horse Trail Group, with framed NPS certifi­ cooperativeness were acknow ledged with a allowed for the completion of all projects with­ cates and pins for their outstanding work in special achievement award presented by Su­ in established timeframes and budget. clearing and constructing the eighteen-mile perintendent Ken Apschnikat prior to her re­ trail. On the day set aside to commemorate our tirement. relationship w ith the earth, individuals attend­ ing the event had the opportunity to turn their Shenandoah NP's assistant superintendent. thoughts back to the earth on a guided trail DEATHS Paul Anderson, was recognized by the Arizo­ ride. From the saddle, participants came to bet­ na State Sheriffs Association for his improve­ ter understood the rugged individuals who set­ ment of search and rescue management skills tled the region and whose lives were strongly Marblemount District Ranger John Dalle- in the sheriff's department and throughout the intertw ined w ith the earth's resources. Molle. 51. died of cancer in Wenatchee. Wash­ state. The award also was presented to James ington. John was among the first NPS scuba O'Brien, a former NPS ranger now w ith the divers trained at Scripps. one of the first Clark County. NV. Department of Emergency RETIREMENTS EMT's in the state of Washington, and a law Management. enforcement officer who conducted road pa­ trols, made felony arrests, and once contacted After 37 years of federal service. Zeb V. the Manson family in the backcountry of McKinney. superintendent of Shiloh NMP Death Valley. He was the first climbing ranger Carlsbad Caserns NP Park Ranger Richard since 1976. retired to return to his boyhood at Mt. Schurman in Rainier, ran many techni­ Fedorchak received the highest rating in his home in Spruce Pine. NC. Zeb first worked as cal mountain rescues, and wrote one of the first class during a nine-week law enforcement a seasonal ranger naturalist on the Blue Ridge manuals on helicopter use in SAR. During his training program at Glynco. GA. Twenty-four Parkway, sen ing initially during summer va­ career, he published more than 23 research pa­ students from different federal agencies took cations from college and then while teaching pers on wilderness use. backcountry impact part in the course held at the Federal Law En­ math and science in North Carolina public monitoring, bear-human interaction, revegeta- forcement Training Center's main campus. The schools. He also worked at Everglades NP. tion. traffic-wildlife interaction, and other training center's Edward Kehoe. Jr.. said of Fe- Isle Royale NP. Tonto NM. Grand Canyon NP topics. He served at Denali from 1978 to 1989. dorchak's accomplishments, "an achievement and Fort Jefferson NM. He. his wife Chris, and playing a crucial role in developing the re­ of this caliber cannot be attained without daughter Lynn plan to travel to national parks. source management policies of the park. He is

30 COURIER August 1990 survived by his wile Lois, who is working as a est in the nation to chair a state Democratic or­ and Gary, and I console ourselves that Bob's clerk at the Skagit office in Marblemount. and ganization. After graduating from the Univer­ passing was poetically appropriate lor a w ealh- sons Andrew, 7, and Daniel. 5. A scholarship sity of Wisconsin, he returned to Washburn ered old archaeologist—instantly, without fund is being established for the boys. Dona­ w here he was elected to the county board. In pain, in a place of prehistoric interest and natu­ tions can be sent to North Cascades NP. c/o Pat 1980 Joel was selected as an "Outstanding ral grandeur, with friends, doing what he most Young. 2105 Highway 20. Sedro Woolley. Young Man of America." nominated to that loved to do. and at home having a full calendar VVA 98284. honor, ironically. by a Republican mayor. of commitments into the fall. As Dave Breler- Graveside services were held May 12 in nitz said. "Bob saw a job to be done and he did Monero Canyon near Lumberton. NM. Joel is it without fuss and with class. His was a spe­ survived by two sisters, his mother Ginger, cial life which he allowed me to share for48 Twenty-three-year-old Sharon T. Hart. and father Bill. years. MARO's Resource Management and Visitor The boys made a beautiful eagle leather Protection clerk/typist, died May 28. 1990. al­ prayer plume, to which they attached some tera 1-1/2-year battle with malignant lympho- items of significance to Bob)—an old w orn na. Her bright spirit and determination in­ Zion NP seasonal park ranger/naturalist pipe, a Chaco and a Mesa Verde potsherd, an spired her co-workers and was a manifestation John Klhridge. 40. died June 20. He was de­ earthemware spindle whorl plucked long ago of her own inner strength and her family's lov­ scending Hidden Canyon trail with some visi­ from a Mexican cornfield, and a tiny Anasazi ing support. The Mid-Atlantic Region and oth­ tors w hod been on his nature hike when he turquoise pendant which Al Lancaster gave ers who knew Sharon donated more than 2.000 lost his balance, apparently as a result of his him some thirty-five years ago—and they hid hours of leave. Donations in her memory can foot sliding on sandstone rock. He slid and it near the spot where their dad collapsed. be sent to Oncology Research, c/o Pennsylva­ bounced about 75 feet before dropping another Bob's ashes were scattered by air over Cedar nia Hospital Development Office. 737 Pine 90 feet into a high-angle gully. John began his Mesa, the Dolores gorge, the Mancos Canyon, Street. Philadelphia. PA 19106. seasonal employment at Zion in May 1978. He and Mesa Verde. And on a crystalline South­ held numerous positions in the Division of Re­ western morning at Escalante Ruins, we all source Management and Visitor Protection said farewell." over the subsequent tw elve years, and worked Bob Lister is survived by his wife. Florence, William T. Ingersoll. 60. died June 17 in in fee collection, backcountry. fire and general and their two sons. Messages of condolence Burlingame. CA. after a long illness. Bill resource management. He is survived by his may be sent to the family at P.O. Box 596. joined the Service in 1960. serving as park his­ mother and two brothers. Mancos. CO 81328. A Robert Lister Memorial torian at Sitka NHP. Edison NHS. and Harpers Cards may be sent to Mrs. Florence M. Elh- Fellowship Fund has been established at Crow Ferry NHP. In late 1966. he joined the Wash­ ridge, 113 White Street. Martin. TN 38237. Canyon Archaeological Center by Dr. Danson ington Office as a historian in the Division of Contributions should go to the John Ethridge and his family. The fund will aid graduate stu­ Interpretation & Visitor Services, subsequent­ Fund through the Zion Natural History Associ­ dents doing research there. Contributions may ly transferring to San Francisco as an interpre­ ation. Zion National Park. Springdale. UT be sent to the fund, c/o Crow Canyon Archaeo­ tive planner. He resigned from the NPS in the 84767. Cheeks should be made out to Zion logical Center. 23390 County Road K. Cortez. early 1970s. NHA. w ith a note as to purpose. C081321.

Helena Yazhe. wife of Canyon de Chelly NPS retiree and archaeologist Dr. Robert Maude C. Harriott. 76. died April 22 in NM Superintendent Herb Yazhe. died May 30 Lister passed away May 17 of a heart attack Homestead. FL. Born in Tennessee, she came while awaiting a liver transplant. During her while leading a field trip under the sponsor­ to Florida in 1950 with husband William H. 30-year professional career, she worked for the ship of the Crow Canyon Archeological Cen­ Harriott to live in one of the coral rock houses Navajo Tribe and the Indian Health Service. ter. He was accompanied by colleague Ned of west Homestead. Known to friends and co­ She is survived by her husband, a daughter, Danson. workers at Everglades NP as "Mother Nature." and a son. Messages of condolences may be Lister served as the chief of the Chaco Cen­ she retired in the early 1970s. During her years sent to the family at Box 2191. Chinle. AZ ter until his retirement in 1978. During his with the park, thousands of visitors to Royal 86503. Those wishing to help defray the enor­ NPS career, he directed archaeological investi­ Palm experienced her highly original and mous expense of Helena's illness may semi gations at Dinosaur NM. Glen Canyon NRA. sometimes unpredictable nature walks on the contributions payable to Herbert Yazhe. c/o Rocky Mountain NP and Mesa Verde NP. In Anhinga Trail. She was a self-taught naturalist Butch Wilson. Chief of Operations. Canyon de 1978 he received the Department of Interior's and an authority on the behavior of the Anhin­ Chelly NM. P.O. Box 588. Chinle. AZ 87503. Meritorious Service Award. ga. the peculiar bird that nests in the trees sur­ Alter retirement Bob joined the staff at the rounding the pond. University of New Mexico as a professor of Maude is survived by her husband. Bill archeology. He also served as an instructor at (30900 SW 189th Avenue. Homestead. FL Joel Bromberg, 33, son of retired NPS em­ Colorado University. He and Florence, his co­ 3303(1). a sister and a brother. ployee Bill Bromberg. drowned at Rio Ran- author and spouse of 48 years, had just com­ cho. NM. Born in Alpine. TX. during his fa­ pleted the Administrative History of Aztec ther's first assignment as a seasonal ranger. Ruins. They also had co-authored a number of Joel became interested in politics while still in books on archaeology. grade school. At nineteen he was the youngest In expressing her appreciation of support pei sun ever elected to chair the Wisconsin from the Southwest Cultural Resources Cen­ State Youmi Democrats and the second young­ ter. Florence Lister wrote: "Our sons. Frank

August 1990 COURIER 31 E&AA

E&AA 1990 FALL ELECTION Bluff NM while leaching in Montana public received the Department's Meritorious Service- schools. In his permanent NPS career, he has Award in 1982. Bob has agreetl to fill the unex­ served in interpretive positions at Manassas pired term of the region's alumni rep and to As members of the Employees and Alumni NBP. Central NCR. Fort Laramie NHS. South­ serv e as key person for the 1990 E&AA Bien­ Association of the National Park Service ern Arizona Group, and Hawaii Volcanoes NP. nial Reunion planning. He has contributed (E&AA). please use the ballot at the end of this Now an interpretive planner at HFC. he and his greatly to the mission of E&AA during his insert to vote in September to fili the expired wife reside near Shepherdstown. WV. short two-year term. terms of the following Board members. Mail Michael Paskowsky began his NPS career David deLancey Condon has been affiliated your ballot to Theresa (i. Wood. Executive Di­ in 1974 as an interpreter at Independence NHP. with E&AA since its inception. He began his reetor. E&AA. P.O. Box 1490. Falls Chureh. He joined HFC's Conservation Division in Serv ice career in 1931 in Yellowstone NP. then VA 22041. Circle your ehoiee for the represen­ 1976 and later transferred to the Interpretive moved on to Rocky Mountain NP. Great tative in your region and category ONLY. Planning Division. Smoky Mountains NP. Yosemite NP. Grand Since 1977 John Dcmcr has worked at Canyon NP and other areas of the system. chiefly in assistant superintendent positions. Employee Representatives HFC. first as chief of historic furnishings, next Jim Slezniek. Western Region's employee as chief of the Conserv ation Div ision. ami representative* most recently as assistant to the Manager. Prior NORTH ATLANTIC REGION to joining the NPS he worked at the Renfrew Ed Carlin. Midwest Region's employee rep- Museum. Concord Museum, and New York resentative Erancis .1. Derwin has been president of State Historical Association. If elected as Chapter 60 of the National Association of Ci­ Margaret Davis. National Capital Region's HFC's representative he would look at ways to vilian Conservation Corps Alumni for several employee representative raise money for the scholarship fund through years, vv ith experience establishing chapters Herb Olsen. North Atlantic Region's employ­ events similar to the popular Kowski golf tour­ throughout the New England states. He would ee representative** nament. like to run as an E&AA alumni rep in order to Bob Deskins. Southeast Region's employee contribute to an organization that serv es so representative many Civilian Conservation Corps alumni. Dave Wallace. Harpers Ferry Center's em­ ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION ployee representative William J. Lewis was a professor of sociolo­ Robert C. (Bob) Haraden began his Park gy w ith the University of Vermont and a park Alumni Representatives Sendee career in 1955 as a civil engineer in ranger naturalist at Yellow stone NP for 29 sea­ Bob Haraden. Rocky Mountain Region Philadelphia. His career took him to Rocky sons. The recipient of numerous awards and John Craig. Pacific Northwest Region** Mountain NP. Sequoia-Kings Canyon NPs. other forms of recognition, he has authored Keith Miller. Nonh-Atlantic Region Grand Teton NP: Natchez Trace Parkway: Yel­ several books on park interpretive techniques Dav e Thompson. Southwest Region lowstone NP. Big Bend NP and Glacier NP. He- and received training in a number of park areas. Nan Ketter. Denver Service Center

indicates that the employee reps have only BALLOT FOR E&AA ELECTION been serving a few months and so vv ill continue to sen e as representatives for their regions (/. w< utive Director's note: Please check your choice for the representative in your region through December 1994 and category onlv. and send vour ballot bv October 15 to: **indicates no material vv as received by sub­ Theresa G. Wood. Executive Direetor. E&AA. P.O. Box 1490. Falls Chureh. VA 22041. mission deadline. Biographies of the election candidates, where available, follow. NATIONAL CAPITOL REGION NORTH ATLANTIC REGION NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION Employee nominee: Alumni nominees: Margaret Davis Francis J. Derwin Margaret Davis has the region's support as William J. Lewis its E&AA employee rep. SOUTHEAST REGION Employee nominees: SOUTHWEST REGION SOUTHEAST REGION Tom Hartman Alumni nominees: Bob Armstrong Eldon Reyer Tom Hartman. Cape Hatteras NS superin­ Dave Mihalic Fred Quesenberry tendent Don Dayton Bob Armstrong. Ninety Six NHS superin­ HARPERS KERRY CENTER tendent Employee nominees: DENVER SERVICE CENTER Dave Mihalic. Mammoth Cave NP superin­ Thomas E. White Alumni nominees: tendent Michael Paskowsky Larry Knowles John Denier Donald Marley HARPERS KERRY CENTER Ken Goslin ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION Ever since spending boyhood summer vaca­ Alumni nominees: tions in Yellowstone NP. Thomas K. White Robert C. Haraden has had a keen interest in "Steve Mather's Fam­ ily." A 27-year NPS veteran, he served as a sea­ David dc-Lancy Condon sonal ranger at Fort Laramie NHS and Scotts

32 COURIER August 1990 SOUTHWEST REGION near Logan Pass will be approaching its full ers. George R. Lamb of the Rockefeller Foun­ splendor, yet at (he lower elevations it still will dation sent a generous donation in her memory Eldon Reyer retired July 1, 19S9. as the re­ feel much like summer. Days are warm (and to E&AA's Education Trust Fund, as did Ho­ gion's associate regional director. A member clear, we hope), nights cool and crisp. (You'll ward Baker, who remembered Helen Wirth's of E&AA throughout his 30-year NPS career, need to bring both warm and cold weather graciousness and her endearing personality. he is presently a Second Century member. El­ clothing along.) George Fry recollected that the first time he don and his wife. Karen Garrison Reyer, Reunion coordinator Boh Haraden is work­ met the Wirths was in July 19.36 when he drove served in some ten park system areas. Eldon ing with Terry Wood and members of my staff them and RD Lawrence Merriman from Crater was E&AA's employee rep for the region and to prepare a full and enjoyable schedule of ac­ Lake NP to Oregon Caves NM. The Laurance continues his interest and support. In retire­ tivities. Possible activities include boat rides, Rockefellers also remembered Helen with a ment Eldon and Karen plan to attend the half-day river trips, horseback rides, a visit to donation of SK).(KH) to the Education Trust E&AA biennial reunions. He supports the lead­ Logan Pass, wildlife-watching, golfing, and Fund because of Helen's love for the National ership of E&AA Chair. Lorraine Minizmyer. various walks and hikes. There also will be am­ Park Service and its dedicated employees. In his words, "There are opportunities in the ple time to sit and visit with old friends. Monta­ E&AA that can be the vehicles for continuing na-style. that close-knit family spirit we all know." If you haven't already done so, I urge you to Fred Quesenberry retired in 1980 as the re­ make your reservations soon. For lodging at George Byer, 77, former NPS Indian Liai­ gion's supervisory personnel staffing special­ Lake McDonald Lodge or the Apgar Village son Officer to the Crow Indians in Montana, is ist. Lodge, please fill out the registration form and the founder of the Children's Friendship Corps. Don Dayton retired in 1988 as the region's send it to Glacier Park. Incorporated (GPI). our an organization that seeks to realize Alhert deputy regional director. major concessioner hosting the group. You Einstein's desire to gather the children of the also need to call the Bayshore Inn to make res­ work together for "Good." His latest initiative DENVER SERVICE CENTER ervations in Waterton. Their telephone number was the June 1990 "Children of the World is 1 -8(X)-661 -8080. When making reservations Friendship Month." a special event that was Larry Know les joined the Park Service in at either location, be sure to note you are with part of the 1990 Year of World Friendship. 1954 as a landscape architect. He has worked the NPS reunion. Since the 1960s when Byer. as mayor of An­ in Joshua Tree NM. Death Valley NM. Yosem- If you have any questions, please feel free to chorage. AK. initiated a goodwill Christmas ite NP and Denver Service Center, among oth­ call us at Glacier at (406) 888-5441. We look greeting through the Voice of America, he has er Service assignments. forward to seeing many of you in September. been working to increase understanding among Donald Ylarley entered the NPS at the start world cultures. of Mission 66. working in the Western Office of Design and Construction. He relocated to Denver at the formation of the offices there, MEMBER NEWS then retired in 1983. Kathryn A. Schram, secretary to the Zion Ken (ioslin also worked in the Western Of­ NP superintendent from 1934 to 1941. visited As reported in the May issue of the fice of Design and Construction, carrying out the park in April with her nephew. She reports Courier. Helen Olson Wirth. wife of Conrad L. projects in western parks that included Olym­ that the weather was ideal and the staff greeted Wirth. died May 12th of heart failure after a pic. Grand Teton, and Yellowstone NPs. He them warmly. Tim Manns, the park naturalist short stay in the hospital. She was married 64 worked in Washington. DC. during the 1960s, called J. L. Crawford, the naturalist when years, and she and her husband spent most of then held various positions of responsibility at Kathryn was there, and he and his wife met their married life in Washington. DSC until he retired in 1986. them at park headquarters. Kathryn remembers An active part of the NPS family since seeing Zion in all the different lights of day and joining the Service in 1931, Helen and Connie evening. She said it remains for her one of the had many friends. Traveling with Connie when BUSINESS NEWS great beauty spots of the earth. he was director of the Park Service and a trus­ tee of the National Geographic Society was Glacier NP Superintendent Gil l.usk both a joy and a challenge which she executed with grace. Her adventures were always penned the following greeting to all E&AAers F'red McLaren gave his family a scare in attending the upcoming reunion at the park. recounted with w it and humor. She lived a full and busy life, always the epitome of a lady and May when he developed health problems that I want to personally invite each of you to a loyal, loving wife and mother. She has been required a live-day hospital visit. But his good join us in Glacier this September for the Em­ described by those who knew and loved her as health has relumed and things are back to nor­ ployee and Alumni Association Reunion. The "a dear, wonderful person and we were devot­ mal again. Son Dick reports that he is doing gathering will take place in Waterton-Glacier. ed to her...she will live on in our hearts" (Mary well also and hopes to try walking again soon. September 10-15. & Laurance Rockefeller), "I picture in my Doug McLaren is volunteering his services at a The week will get underway with three mind's eye so many good times together, and local auto shop. He goes on ski patrol during nights spent at the recently renovated historic keep such loving memories" (Ladybird John­ the winter. Bert also helps out at a ski-rental Lake McDonald Lodge nestled in a scenic spot son), "Trev and I remember so many happy husiness during the winter months. on the shore of Lake McDonald in Glacier NP. times we have shared over the years. She had a and finish with two nights at the Bayshore Inn full, beautiful, wonderful life" (Ellie & Trev in Waterton Townsite. Waterton Lakes NP. Al­ Povah). berta. Canada. In September the fall weather and colors John and Irene DeLay attended Mrs. Wirth's should be spectacular. The alpine vegetation funeral as did St. Croix NSR rangers Joe Hudick and Don Watson. Anions: several oth­

August 1990 COURIER 33 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE BULK RATE P.O. BOX 37127 THIRD-CLASS MAIL WASHINGTON, D.C. 20013-7127 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICIAL BUSINESS G83 PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300