DOCSLIB.ORG

Fire and Biodiversity in the Anthropocene That Have Been Assessed Comprehensively Or Through Sampling Representative Species Or Luke T

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fire and Biodiversity in the Anthropocene That Have Been Assessed Comprehensively Or Through Sampling Representative Species Or Luke T RESEARCH ◥ extinction by the International Union for the REVIEW Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (24)and found that for at least 4403 (15%), modification of FIRE ECOLOGY fire regimes is a recorded threat. Changes in fire activity threaten a range of taxonomic groups Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene that have been assessed comprehensively or through sampling representative species or Luke T. Kelly1*, Katherine M. Giljohann2, Andrea Duane3, Núria Aquilué3,4 , Sally Archibald5,6, multiple regions, from birds, dragonflies, and Enric Batllori7,8 , Andrew F. Bennett9, Stephen T. Buckland10, Quim Canelles3, Michael F. Clarke9, mammals to gymnosperms, legumes, and Marie-Josée Fortin11, Virgilio Hermoso3, Sergi Herrando12, Robert E. Keane13, Frank K. Lake14, monocots(Fig.1A).Somegroups, such as Michael A. McCarthy2, Alejandra Morán-Ordez3, Catherine L. Parr5,15,16, Juli G. Pausas17, gymnosperms, are at greater risk of fire-driven Trent D. Penman1, Adrián Regos18,19, Libby Rumpff2, Julianna L. Santos1, Annabel L. Smith20,21 , extinction: Changed fire activity is a threat Alexandra D. Syphard22,23,24 , Morgan W. Tingley25, Lluís Brotons3,7,26 to 28% of these taxa classified as critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable (Fig. 1A). Fire has been a source of global biodiversity for millions of years. However, interactions with Changes in fire activity threaten biodiversity anthropogenic drivers such as climate change, land use, and invasive species are changing the nature of in habitat types worldwide (Fig. 1B). Propor- fire activity and its impacts. We review how such changes are threatening species with extinction and tionally, the threat from changed fire activity transforming terrestrial ecosystems. Conservation of Earth’s biological diversity will be achieved only to species at risk of extinction is greater for by recognizing and responding to the critical role of fire. In the Anthropocene, this requires that savannas (28%), closely followed by grasslands conservation planning explicitly includes the combined effects of human activities and fire regimes. (26%), rocky areas (26%), shrublands (26%), Improved forecasts for biodiversity must also integrate the connections among people, fire, and and forests (19%) (Fig. 1B). ecosystems. Such integration provides an opportunity for new actions that could revolutionize how Across nine taxonomic groups that have society sustains biodiversity in a time of changing fire activity. been assessed systematically (Fig. 1A), we foundthatatleast1071 speciesarecatego- rizedasthreatenedbyanincreaseinfire ire has shaped the diversity of life on by synthesizing how changes in fire activity frequency or intensity and 55 species by Earth for millions of years (1). Variation threaten species with extinction across the exclusion of fire. This delineation, however, in fire regimes enables many plants to globe. Next, we examine how multiple human oversimplifies the nature of threats; for example, F complete their life cycles (2), creates drivers are causing these changes in fire acti- it masks the relationship in some ecosystems habitats for a range of animals (3), and vity and biodiversity. We then highlight forward- maintains a diversity of ecosystems (4). Al- looking methods for predicting changes in though people have used fire to modify envi- ecosystems and forecasting the positive and 1School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, University of ronments for millennia (5–7), the cumulative negative effects of fire on biodiversity. Finally, Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia. 2School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, effects of human activities are now changing we foreshadow emerging actions and strategies Australia. 3InForest JRU (CTFC-CREAF), 25280 Solsona, Lleida, patterns of fire at a global scale—to the det- that could revolutionize how society manages Spain. 4Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Université du Québec à riment of human society, biodiversity, and biodiversity in ecosystems that experience fire. Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada. 5Centre for ecosystems. Our review concludes that conservation of African Ecology, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Many recent fires have burned ecosystems Earth’s biodiversity is unlikely to be achieved Africa. 6Natural Resources and the Environment, CSIR, Pretoria, wherefirehas historically been rareor absent, without incorporating the critical role of fire South Africa. 7CREAF, Edifici C. Autonomous, University of 8 from the tropical forests of Southeast Asia (8) in national biodiversity strategies and action Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, and South America (9) to the tundra of the plans and in the implementation of interna- University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. 9Department Arctic Circle (10). Large, severe fires have also tional agreements and initiatives such as the of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, Centre for Future 10 been observed in areas with a long history of UN Convention on Biological Diversity. Landscapes, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia. Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, recurrent fire, and this is consistent with University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9LZ, UK. predictions of increased wildfire activity in Extinction risk in a fiery world 11Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of 12 the boreal forests of Canada and Russia (11, 12) A central concept in fire science is the fire re- Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada. Catalan Ornithological Institute, Natural History Museum of Barcelona, and the mixed forests and shrublands of gime, which describes the type, frequency, in- 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. 13U.S. Department of Australia, southern Europe, and the western tensity, seasonality, and spatial dimensions of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, United States (13–15). Conversely, fire-dependent recurrent fire (19). Many species are adapted to Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, MT 59808, USA. 14U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific grassland and savanna ecosystems in coun- a particular fire regime, so substantial changes Southwest Research Station, Albany, CA 94710, USA. tries such as Brazil, Tanzania, and the United to these fire characteristics can harm popula- 15Department of Earth, Ocean & Ecological Sciences, University States have had fire activity reduced and even tions (20) and shift ecosystems (21). For example, of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. 16Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. excluded (16–18). These emerging changes pose plants that require fire to release seeds can be 17 Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacin (CIDE-CSIC), a global challenge for understanding how to threatened by fire intervals shorter than the 46113 Montcada, Valencia, Spain. 18Departamento de Zooloxía, sustain biodiversity in a new era of fire. This time needed for them to mature and reestab- Xenética e Antropoloxía Fisica, Universidade de Santiago de 19 requires improved knowledge of the interactions lish a seed bank or by fire intervals longer than Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, among fire, biodiversity, and human drivers and seed and plant life spans (22). For animals, ECOCHANGE Group, Vairão, Portugal. 20School of Agriculture new insights into conservation actions that will changes in the frequency and intensity of fire and Food Science, University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, 21 be effective in this changing environment. can reduce the availability of key resources Australia. Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. 22Vertus Wildfire, San Francisco, CA In this review, we explore the causes and for foraging and shelter, limit the capacity to 94108, USA. 23San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, consequences of fire-induced changes to bio- recolonize regenerating habitats, and, in the case USA. 24Conservation Biology Institute, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA. 25 diversity in the Anthropocene, the current era of severe fires, directly increase mortality (23). Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. 26Spanish Research Council (CSIC), characterized by the prominent role of human We reviewed the 29,304 terrestrial and fresh- 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. activity in shaping global ecosystems. We start water species categorized as threatened with *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Kelly et al., Science 370, eabb0355 (2020) 20 November 2020 1of 10 RESEARCH | REVIEW Vulnerable Endangered Critically endangered toward a hotter climate and a markedly different biosphere (27). Fire is both a con- A Gymnosperms n = 395 27.8% sequence of and a contributor to this acceler- ation (28) but it is not acting alone: Interactions Legumes n = 1032 19.4% between fire and anthropogenic drivers such as Birds n = 1484 18.6% global climate change, land use, and invasive Monocots n = 2533 18.2% species are reshaping ecosystems worldwide. Recent work describing global fire regimes has Amphibians n = 2200 17.9% shown that patterns of fire are closely linked Dragonfies and damselfies n = 372 17.2% to climate, vegetation, and human activity (7, 17, 29, 30). Here, we synthesize linked Mammals
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sexual Dimorphism in Perissodactyl Rhinocerotid Chilotherium Wimani from the Late Miocene of the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China)
    Sexual dimorphism in perissodactyl rhinocerotid Chilotherium wimani from the late Miocene of the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) SHAOKUN CHEN, TAO DENG, SUKUAN HOU, QINQIN SHI, and LIBO PANG Chen, S., Deng, T., Hou, S., Shi, Q., and Pang, L. 2010. Sexual dimorphism in perissodactyl rhinocerotid Chilotherium wimani from the late Miocene of the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55 (4): 587–597. Sexual dimorphism is reviewed and described in adult skulls of Chilotherium wimani from the Linxia Basin. Via the anal− ysis and comparison, several very significant sexually dimorphic features are recognized. Tusks (i2), symphysis and oc− cipital surface are larger in males. Sexual dimorphism in the mandible is significant. The anterior mandibular morphology is more sexually dimorphic than the posterior part. The most clearly dimorphic character is i2 length, and this is consistent with intrasexual competition where males invest large amounts of energy jousting with each other. The molar length, the height and the area of the occipital surface are correlated with body mass, and body mass sexual dimorphism is compared. Society behavior and paleoecology of C. wimani are different from most extinct or extant rhinos. M/F ratio indicates that the mortality of young males is higher than females. According to the suite of dimorphic features of the skull of C. wimani, the tentative sex discriminant functions are set up in order to identify the gender of the skulls. Key words: Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Chilotherium wimani, sexual dimorphism, statistics, late Miocene, China. Shaokun Chen [[email protected]], Chongqing Three Gorges Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Three Gorges Museum, 236 Ren−Min Road, Chongqing 400015, China and Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xi−Zhi−Men−Wai Street, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Competition Structured a Late Cretaceous Megaherbivorous Dinosaur Assemblage Jordan C
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Competition structured a Late Cretaceous megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage Jordan C. Mallon 1,2 Modern megaherbivore community richness is limited by bottom-up controls, such as resource limitation and resultant dietary competition. However, the extent to which these same controls impacted the richness of fossil megaherbivore communities is poorly understood. The present study investigates the matter with reference to the megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage from the middle to upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Using a meta-analysis of 21 ecomorphological variables measured across 14 genera, contemporaneous taxa are demonstrably well-separated in ecomorphospace at the family/subfamily level. Moreover, this pattern is persistent through the approximately 1.5 Myr timespan of the formation, despite continual species turnover, indicative of underlying structural principles imposed by long-term ecological competition. After considering the implications of ecomorphology for megaherbivorous dinosaur diet, it is concluded that competition structured comparable megaherbivorous dinosaur communities throughout the Late Cretaceous of western North America. Te question of which mechanisms regulate species coexistence is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity1. Te standing diversity (richness) of extant megaherbivore (herbivores weighing ≥1,000 kg) com- munities appears to be mainly regulated by bottom-up controls2–4 as these animals are virtually invulnerable to top-down down processes (e.g., predation) when fully grown. Tus, while the young may occasionally succumb to predation, fully-grown African elephants (Loxodonta africana), rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum and Diceros bicornis), hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius), and girafes (Girafa camelopardalis) are rarely targeted by predators, and ofen show indiference to their presence in the wild5.
    [Show full text]
  • DSA10 Giourtsakis
    Ioannis X. Giaourtsakis Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Late Neogene Rhinocerotidae of Greece: distribution, diversity and stratigraphical range Giaourtsakis, I.X., 2003 - Late Neogene Rhinocerotidae of Greece: distribution, diversity and stra- tigraphical range - in: Reumer, J.W.F. & Wessels, W. (eds.) - DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF TERTIARY MAMMALS IN EURASIA. A VOLUME IN HONOUR OF HANS DE BRUIJN - DEINSEA 10: 235- 253 [ISSN 0923-9308] Published 1 December 2003 The present contribution provides a comprehensive overview of the Neogene rhinoceroses of Greece and evaluates their affinities with the European and Asian species. The distribution, diver- sity and dispersal of the family in the Eastern Mediterranean are discussed in detail. Knowledge of rhinos during the Middle Miocene in Greece is still very limited, because of the scarce mate- rial. During the Late Miocene the family was diverse and abundant in Greece. The dominant form, Ceratotherium neumayri, was probably an African immigrant that invaded Southeastern Europe, Anatolia and the Middle East during the Late Miocene. This rather subhypsodont tandem-horned rhino has already achieved most of the apomorphic characters of the living Dicerotina. The con- temporary species Dihoplus pikermiensis is also common, but the origin and evolutionary rela- tionships among its Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene relatives are still controversial. The Greek Late Miocene representatives of the subfamily Aceratheriinae are obviously closer related to the Asian genera Chilotherium and Acerorhinus, than to the typical aceratheres Aceratherium, Alicornops and Hoploaceratherium found in Central and Western Europe at the same time. Chilotherium and Acerorhinus migrated into Greece from Central Asia trough Anatolia at the beginning of the Vallesian.
    [Show full text]
  • EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for the White Rhinoceros EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for The
    2018 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for the white EAZA rhinocerosBest Practice Guidelines for the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium Simum) First Edition, July 2018 | Lars Versteege1 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) Editor: Lars Versteege Contact information: Safaripark Beekse Bergen, Beekse Bergen 31, 5081 NJ Hilvarenbeek, The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Name of TAG: Rhino TAG TAG Chair: Friederike von Houwald (Zoo Basel, Switzerland) Edition: 1 July 2018 2 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Disclaimer Copyright (March 2018) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the EAZA may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA Felid TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analyzed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Acclimatisation of African Rhinoceros After Re- Introduction to Former Livestock Farmland in Namibia
    Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover Aus dem Deutschen Primatenzentrum Göttingen, Leibniz Institut für Primatenforschung und dem Institut für Tierhygiene, Tierschutz und Nutztierethologie On the acclimatisation of African rhinoceros after re- introduction to former livestock farmland in Namibia INAUGURAL - DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften - Doctor rerum naturalium - (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt von Thomas Göttert Haldensleben Hannover 2011 Wissenschaftliche Betreuung: Prof. Dr. Michael Böer & Prof. Dr. J. Keith Hodges 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. med. vet. Michael Böer 2. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ute Radespiel Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14.02.2011 It takes a very long period of observing to become really familiar with an animal and to attain a deeper understanding of its behaviour; and without the love for the animal itself, no observer, however patient, could ever look at it long enough to make valuable observations on its behaviour. Konrad Lorenz Meinen Eltern LIST OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: GENERAL INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 1 African rhino population dynamics........................................................................................ 1 Namibia’s importance for rhino conservation........................................................................ 2 The relationship between translocation and acclimatisation: implications for rhino management ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Late Miocene of Akka Ș Da G ˘ I, Turkey
    Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akka ș da g ˘ ı, Turkey Pierre-Olivier ANTOINE Laboratoire des Mécanismes de Transfert en Géologie, UMR 5563, Université Paul Sabatier, 14 avenue Édouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse (France) [email protected] Gerçek SARAÇ General Directorate of Mineral research and exploration, Natural History Museum, TR-06520 Balgat, Ankara (Turkey) Antoine P.-O. & Saraç G. 2005. — Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akka ș da g ˘ ı, Turkey, in Sen S. (ed.), Geology, mammals and environments at Akka ș da g ˘ ı, late Miocene of Central Anatolia. Geodiversitas 27 (4) : 601-632. ABSTRACT More than 120 rhinocerotid remains unearthed in the middle Turolian locality of Akka ș dag˘ ı(Central Anatolia) are described. The fauna is diversified, with a pair of large two-horned species, Ceratotherium neumayri (Osborn, 1900) and Stephanorhinus pikermiensis (Toula, 1906), and two smaller species of short limbed aceratheriines ( Chilotherium sp. and Acerorhinus sp.). Ceratotherium neumayri is by far the most common species, with a complete skull, 114 specimens and at least 11 individuals. The cranial, dental and postcranial remains of C . neumayri are among the largest ones described so far for this species. The coexistence of C . neumayri , KEY WORDS S . pikermiensis ,and chilotheres is common in the Turolian of Eastern Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae, Mediterranean: comparable rhinocerotid associations are known at Kavakdere Ceratotherium neumayri , (MN 12, Turkey) and Samos (MN 12, Greece). The large size of the middle Turolian, C . neumayri specimens is consistent with the middle Turolian age for Akka ș dag˘ ı, Central Anatolia, Akka ș dag˘ ı(MN 12), as stated on the whole mammalian fauna and Turkey.
    [Show full text]
  • Neogene Hyperaridity in Arabia Drove the Directions of Mammalian Dispersal Between Africa and Eurasia
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00158-y OPEN Neogene hyperaridity in Arabia drove the directions of mammalian dispersal between Africa and Eurasia ✉ Madelaine Böhme 1,2 , Nikolai Spassov3, Mahmoud Reza Majidifard4, Andreas Gärtner 5, Uwe Kirscher 1, Michael Marks1, Christian Dietzel1, Gregor Uhlig6, Haytham El Atfy 1,7, David R. Begun8 & Michael Winklhofer 9 The evolution of the present-day African savannah fauna has been substantially influenced by the dispersal of Eurasian ancestors into Africa. The ancestors evolved endemically, together 1234567890():,; with the autochthonous taxa, into extant Afrotropical clades during the last 5 million years. However, it is unclear why Eurasian ancestors moved into Africa. Here we use sedimento- logical observations and soluble salt geochemical analyses of samples from a sedimentary sequence in Western Iran to develop a 10-million-year long proxy record of Arabian climate. We identify transient periods of Arabian hyperaridity centred 8.75, 7.78, 7.50 and 6.25 million years ago, out-of-phase with Northern African aridity. We propose that this rela- tionship promoted unidirectional mammalian dispersals into Africa. This was followed by a sustained hyperarid period between 5.6 and 3.3 million years ago which impeded dispersals and allowed African mammalian faunas to endemically diversify into present-day clades. After this, the mid-Piacenzian warmth enabled bi-directional fauna exchange between Africa and Eurasia, which continued during the Pleistocene. 1 Department of Geosciences, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 2 Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Tübingen, Germany. 3 National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Ungulate Taxonomy Colin Groves and Peter Grubb
    Ungulate Taxonomy colin groves and peter grubb THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS | baltimore —-1 —0 © 2011 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF —+1 Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book. All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-47558_ch00_1P.indd iii 5/31/11 6:06 PM © 2011 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2011 Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Mary land 21218- 4363 w w w . p r e s s . j h u . e d u [[CIP data to come]] A cata log record for this book is available from the British Library. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410- 516- 6936 or [email protected]. The Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post- consumer waste, when ever possible. All of our book papers are acid- free, and -1— our jackets and covers are printed on paper with recycled 0— content. © 2011 The Johns Hopkins University Press +1— UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book. All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-47558_ch00_1P.indd iv 5/31/11 6:06 PM Contents Preface vii Theory of Ungulate Taxonomy 1 part i PERISSODACTYLA 1 Equidae 13 2 Tapiridae 18 3 Rhinocerotidae 21 part ii ARTIODACTYLA 4 Tylopoda 29 5 Suidae 33 6 Hippopotamidae 54 7 Tragulidae and Moschidae 56 8 Antilocapridae 63 9 Giraffi dae 64 10 Cervidae 71 11 Bovidae 108 References 281 Index 000 —-1 —0 © 2011 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF —+1 Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalia, Perissodactyla)
    FOSSlllA. VOLUME 2018: 27-32 EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF RHINOCEROTINA (MAMMALIA, PERISSODACTYLA) Luca Pandolfi Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita degli Studi di Firenze 50121, Italy; [email protected] BULLET-POINTS ABSTRACT KEYWORDS: • The earliest representatives of the group occurred during the Early Miocene. Rhinocerotina; evolution; • The group is well documented during the Late Miocene in Western Eurasia paleobiogeography; and Africa. Neogene; • High species diversity occurred in Eurasia during the Pleistocene. Quaternary. • The fossil records of Rhinoceros and Dicerorhinus seems to be confined in the Indian subcontinent and East and South-East Asia. ologia Giovanni Capellini, Bologna, Italy; MPGPD, INTRODUCTION Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia, Padua, Italy; The tribe Rhinocerotina Gray, 1821 (sensu Antoine, MNCN, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Ma­ 2002) includes the extant rhinoceroses that are cur­ drid, Spain; MNHN, Museum National d'Histoire rently distributed in limited areas of SouthAsia and naturelle, Paris, France; MPP, Museo Paleontologico Africa. Parmense, Parma, Italy; MPUR, Museo Paleontolo­ The tribe probably originates from Late Oligocene re­ gico dell'Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy; MSNAF, presentatives of Teleoceratini, but this hypothesis ne­ Museo di Storia Naturale, Accademia dei Fisiocritici, eds to be better supported by a comprehensive revision Siena, Italy; MZF, Museo di Storia Naturale, sezione of the latter taxon. Rhinocerotina is considered a mo­ di Zoologia, Florence, Italy; NHMUK, Natural Hi­ nophyletic group (Antoine, 2002) supported by seve­ story Museum, London, United Kingdom; NHMW, ral synapomorphies such as the presence of a median Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria; NMB, frontal horn, enlarged rostral end of the nasals, trend Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland; SMF, towards the ossification of the nasal septum (Antoine, Senckenberg N aturmuseum, Frankfurt, Germany; 2002; Antoine et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Rhinocerotidae from the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene of Macedonia, Greece
    Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève (décembre 2018) 37 (2): 609-630 ISSN 0253-6730 Rhinocerotidae from the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene of Macedonia, Greece. A revision of the Neogene - Quaternary Rhinocerotidae of Greece Evangelia TSOUKALA Aristotle University, School of Geology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Rhino fossils have been found in 65 localities in Greece, spanning the biozones MN 5 to MNQ 26. Some specimens represent the first occurrence of their species in Greece (such as Stephanorhinus jeanvireti in Milia, West Macedonia) while others are new species identified first in Greece (e.g. Dihoplus pikermiensis, Acerorhinus neleus at Pikermi, Kerassia, etc.). We provide an updated overview of the Neogene - Quaternary Rhinocerotidae of Greece. We describe herein Late Miocene rhinos from two sites in Eastern Macedonia: Thermopigi (Serres) and Platania (Drama). At Thermopigi, Dihoplus pikermiensis is represented by maxillas with teeth, a few complete long bones with special taphonomic remarks, metapodials and phalanges. At Platania, remains of Ceratotherium neumayri consist of a mandible of a juvenile, some dental fragments and postcranial elements, mainly carpals, tarsals and metapodials. Some of the metapodials appear to have been gnawed by a large scavenger, as indicated by the presence of tooth-marks and special fragmentation. We also report well-preserved limb bones of Stephanorhinus jeanvireti from Angelon Beach at Angelochori (Megalo Emvolo, Thessaloniki); these point out to a Late Pliocene age of the site. Keywords Neogene rhinoceroses, Platania, Thermopigi, Angelochori, revision, Greece. 1. INTRODUCTION lower deciduous premolars; D: dextra, right; DAP: antero-posterior diameter; Dist. 2 brims: distance In 1841 Goldfuss (Giaourtsakis, 2003 and ref.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Bulgaria Denis Geraads, Nikolaï Spassov
    Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Bulgaria Denis Geraads, Nikolaï Spassov To cite this version: Denis Geraads, Nikolaï Spassov. Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Bulgaria. Palaeontographica, 2009, A (287), pp.99-122. halshs-00433306 HAL Id: halshs-00433306 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00433306 Submitted on 18 Nov 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia) from the Late Miocene of Bulgaria DENIS GERAADS, Paris, and NIKOLAÏ SPASSOV, Sofia With 3 plates, 3 figures and 7 tables. Zusammenfassung Wir Beschreiben die Resten von Rhinocerotiden aus etwa zehn Obermiozän Lokalitäten in Bulgarien. Die wichtigsten Fundorte sind Kalimantsi, Hadjidimovo und derjenige kurz erfundene in Strumyani. Mindestens sieben Arten werden wegen Elementen vom Schädel repräsentiert. Ein Schädel mag zu Chilotherium kiliasi gehören, eine Art, für welche eine neue Untergattung, Eochilotherium, etabliert wurde. Einige Stücken gehören zu Ch. (Chilotherium). Man erreicht in Bulgarien der westlichen Grenze der Entdeckung dieser Gattung. Acerorhinus wird sehr oft in Kalimantsi gefunden, aber dieser Gattung soll wiedergearbeitet werden. Eine unerwartete Entdeckung von Brachypotherium in Ahmatovo ist die letzte in Europa. Die hornige Rhinos Ceratotherium und Dihoplus liegen beiden in zwei Lokalitäten.
    [Show full text]
  • Gyrostigma Rhinocerontis (Diptera: Oestridae, Gasterophilinae)
    Pesq. Vet. Bras. 36(8):749-752, agosto 2016 DOI: 10.1590/S0100-736X2016000800012 Gyrostigma rhinocerontis (Diptera: Oestridae, Gasterophilinae) in white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) imported from South Africa: occurrence in Itatiba, São Paulo, Brazil1 José R. Pachaly2,3*, Luiz P.C. Monteiro-Filho3, Daniela D. Gonçalves2 and Evandra M. Voltarelli-Pachaly3 ABSTRACT.- Pachaly J.R., Monteiro-Filho L.P.C., Gonçalves D.D. & Voltarelli-Pachaly E.M. 2016. Gyrostigma rhinocerontis (Diptera: Oestridae, Gasterophilinae) in white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) imported from South Africa: occurrence in Itatiba, São Paulo, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36(8):749-752. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal com Ênfase em Produtos Bioativos, Universidade Pa- ranaense, Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes 4282, Centro, Umuarama, PR 87502-210, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Fly larvae from the Gasterophilinae subfamily of the Oestridae family are parasites of domestic (equine) and wild (rhinos and equine) odd-hoofed ungulates (Perissodactyla). The gastric parasite of African Rhinos is Gyrostigma rhinocerontis (formerly Gyrostigma pa- vesii), which in its larva phase can be found in the feces of their hosts and can reach 40mm The Gyrostigma genus does not occur naturally in Brazil. There is one previous report of thelength. occurrence The adult of isits the larvae largest in the fly fecesin Africa, of a reachingwhite rhino 41mm brought long, from with South 71-mm Africa wingspan. in the 1990’s, which was housed in a zoo located in Rio Grande do Sul. The present paper furni- shes data from a zoo of the city of Itatiba, São Paulo state, Brazil, where Gyrostigma rhino- cerontis larvae were found in 2005 in the feces of a group of white rhinos (Ceratotherium simum) legally imported from South Africa.
    [Show full text]