Mammalia, Perissodactyla)
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Late Miocene Large Mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli Province, Western Turkey
Late Miocene large mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli province, Western Turkey. Denis Geraads To cite this version: Denis Geraads. Late Miocene large mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli province, Western Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, E Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2017, 284 (3), pp.241-257. 10.1127/njgpa/2017/0661. halshs-01794188 HAL Id: halshs-01794188 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01794188 Submitted on 17 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GERAADS, D. 2017. Late Miocene large mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli province, Western Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 284(3): 241-257. Denis GERAADS, CR2P, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, CP 38, 8 rue Buffon, 75231 PARIS Cedex 05, France [email protected] Abstract: The upper Miocene locality of Mahmutgazi in Western Turkey was excavated in the 70s by a German team, but most of its large mammals had never been studied. The collection housed in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Karlsruhe, contains, besides previously published groups, large samples of Giraffidae (Samotherium), Rhinocerotidae (including a nice complete skull of Ceratotherium neumayri), and Equidae, as well as some Chalicotheriidae (Ancylotherium) and Bovidae (Boselaphini), which are studied here. -
Sexual Dimorphism in Perissodactyl Rhinocerotid Chilotherium Wimani from the Late Miocene of the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China)
Sexual dimorphism in perissodactyl rhinocerotid Chilotherium wimani from the late Miocene of the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China) SHAOKUN CHEN, TAO DENG, SUKUAN HOU, QINQIN SHI, and LIBO PANG Chen, S., Deng, T., Hou, S., Shi, Q., and Pang, L. 2010. Sexual dimorphism in perissodactyl rhinocerotid Chilotherium wimani from the late Miocene of the Linxia Basin (Gansu, China). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55 (4): 587–597. Sexual dimorphism is reviewed and described in adult skulls of Chilotherium wimani from the Linxia Basin. Via the anal− ysis and comparison, several very significant sexually dimorphic features are recognized. Tusks (i2), symphysis and oc− cipital surface are larger in males. Sexual dimorphism in the mandible is significant. The anterior mandibular morphology is more sexually dimorphic than the posterior part. The most clearly dimorphic character is i2 length, and this is consistent with intrasexual competition where males invest large amounts of energy jousting with each other. The molar length, the height and the area of the occipital surface are correlated with body mass, and body mass sexual dimorphism is compared. Society behavior and paleoecology of C. wimani are different from most extinct or extant rhinos. M/F ratio indicates that the mortality of young males is higher than females. According to the suite of dimorphic features of the skull of C. wimani, the tentative sex discriminant functions are set up in order to identify the gender of the skulls. Key words: Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Chilotherium wimani, sexual dimorphism, statistics, late Miocene, China. Shaokun Chen [[email protected]], Chongqing Three Gorges Institute of Paleoanthropology, China Three Gorges Museum, 236 Ren−Min Road, Chongqing 400015, China and Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 142 Xi−Zhi−Men−Wai Street, P.O. -
Competition Structured a Late Cretaceous Megaherbivorous Dinosaur Assemblage Jordan C
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Competition structured a Late Cretaceous megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage Jordan C. Mallon 1,2 Modern megaherbivore community richness is limited by bottom-up controls, such as resource limitation and resultant dietary competition. However, the extent to which these same controls impacted the richness of fossil megaherbivore communities is poorly understood. The present study investigates the matter with reference to the megaherbivorous dinosaur assemblage from the middle to upper Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada. Using a meta-analysis of 21 ecomorphological variables measured across 14 genera, contemporaneous taxa are demonstrably well-separated in ecomorphospace at the family/subfamily level. Moreover, this pattern is persistent through the approximately 1.5 Myr timespan of the formation, despite continual species turnover, indicative of underlying structural principles imposed by long-term ecological competition. After considering the implications of ecomorphology for megaherbivorous dinosaur diet, it is concluded that competition structured comparable megaherbivorous dinosaur communities throughout the Late Cretaceous of western North America. Te question of which mechanisms regulate species coexistence is fundamental to understanding the evolution of biodiversity1. Te standing diversity (richness) of extant megaherbivore (herbivores weighing ≥1,000 kg) com- munities appears to be mainly regulated by bottom-up controls2–4 as these animals are virtually invulnerable to top-down down processes (e.g., predation) when fully grown. Tus, while the young may occasionally succumb to predation, fully-grown African elephants (Loxodonta africana), rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum and Diceros bicornis), hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius), and girafes (Girafa camelopardalis) are rarely targeted by predators, and ofen show indiference to their presence in the wild5. -
DSA10 Giourtsakis
Ioannis X. Giaourtsakis Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München Late Neogene Rhinocerotidae of Greece: distribution, diversity and stratigraphical range Giaourtsakis, I.X., 2003 - Late Neogene Rhinocerotidae of Greece: distribution, diversity and stra- tigraphical range - in: Reumer, J.W.F. & Wessels, W. (eds.) - DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION OF TERTIARY MAMMALS IN EURASIA. A VOLUME IN HONOUR OF HANS DE BRUIJN - DEINSEA 10: 235- 253 [ISSN 0923-9308] Published 1 December 2003 The present contribution provides a comprehensive overview of the Neogene rhinoceroses of Greece and evaluates their affinities with the European and Asian species. The distribution, diver- sity and dispersal of the family in the Eastern Mediterranean are discussed in detail. Knowledge of rhinos during the Middle Miocene in Greece is still very limited, because of the scarce mate- rial. During the Late Miocene the family was diverse and abundant in Greece. The dominant form, Ceratotherium neumayri, was probably an African immigrant that invaded Southeastern Europe, Anatolia and the Middle East during the Late Miocene. This rather subhypsodont tandem-horned rhino has already achieved most of the apomorphic characters of the living Dicerotina. The con- temporary species Dihoplus pikermiensis is also common, but the origin and evolutionary rela- tionships among its Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene relatives are still controversial. The Greek Late Miocene representatives of the subfamily Aceratheriinae are obviously closer related to the Asian genera Chilotherium and Acerorhinus, than to the typical aceratheres Aceratherium, Alicornops and Hoploaceratherium found in Central and Western Europe at the same time. Chilotherium and Acerorhinus migrated into Greece from Central Asia trough Anatolia at the beginning of the Vallesian. -
EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for the White Rhinoceros EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for The
2018 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for the white EAZA rhinocerosBest Practice Guidelines for the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium Simum) First Edition, July 2018 | Lars Versteege1 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines for the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) Editor: Lars Versteege Contact information: Safaripark Beekse Bergen, Beekse Bergen 31, 5081 NJ Hilvarenbeek, The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Name of TAG: Rhino TAG TAG Chair: Friederike von Houwald (Zoo Basel, Switzerland) Edition: 1 July 2018 2 EAZA Best Practice Guidelines Disclaimer Copyright (March 2018) by EAZA Executive Office, Amsterdam. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). Members of the EAZA may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in these EAZA Best Practice Guidelines has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. EAZA and the EAZA Felid TAG make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications and services. However, EAZA does not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of any information. EAZA disclaims all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the EAZA Best Practice Guidelines can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analyzed, EAZA strongly recommends that users of this information consult with the editors in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. -
Evolution of the Non-Coelodonta Dicerorhine Lineage in China
G Model PALEVO-667; No. of Pages 8 ARTICLE IN PRESS C. R. Palevol xxx (2012) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Comptes Rendus Palevol w ww.sciencedirect.com General palaeontology, systematics and evolution (Vertebrate palaeontology) Evolution of the non-Coelodonta dicerorhine lineage in China Évolution des Dicérorhinés (autres que Coelodonta) de Chine Tong Hao-wen Key laboratory of evolutionary systematics of vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100044 Beijing, PR China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: In China, the non-Coelodonta dicerorhines are too diverse to be placed entirely in the genus st Received 1 February 2012 Dicerorhinus. Most of the Pleistocene species should be transferred to the European genus st Accepted after revision 1 June 2012 Stephanorhinus because they differ from the Dicerorhinus species. Those differences include Available online xxx a much larger body size, a dolicocephalic skull, the absence of incisors, a partially ossi- fied nasal septum, a closed subaural channel, a more anteriorly positioned infraorbital Presented by Philippe Taquet foramen, and a robust postglenoid process combined with a less developed paroccipital process. However, the cranium once referred to Rhinoceros sinensis from the Yunxian Man Keywords: Site should be transferred to Dicerorhinus because of the presence of smaller incisors, an Dicerorhines Dicerorhinus open subaural channel, a high and nearly vertical occipital face, and the more anterior posi- Stephanorhinus tion of the anterior root of the zygomatic arch. In China, the interspecific differences among Evolution the Stephanorhinus species are more striking than among those of Europe. -
Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi Denis Geraads
Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi Denis Geraads To cite this version: Denis Geraads. Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi. Journal of Human Evolution, Elsevier, 2017, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.013. hal-01684034 HAL Id: hal-01684034 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01684034 Submitted on 15 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi 2 3 Denis Geraads a, b 4 5 a Sorbonne Universités - CR2P-MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris 6 - CP 38, Muséum National 6 d'Histoire Naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 7 b Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution 8 Deutscher Platz 6 - D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 9 10 E-mail address: [email protected] 11 12 Keywords: Pliocene, Rhinocerotidae, Equidae, Dicerotini, Hipparion, Eastern Africa, Kenya, 13 Paleoenvironment 14 1 1 Abstract 2 The Kanapoi collection of Rhinocerotidae, first studied by Hooijer and Patterson (1972), 3 now consists of 25 specimens and substantial reinterpretation of their affinities is made here. 4 Kanapoi post-dates the extinction of Brachypotherium and the whole collection belongs to the 5 Dicerotini. -
On the Acclimatisation of African Rhinoceros After Re- Introduction to Former Livestock Farmland in Namibia
Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover Aus dem Deutschen Primatenzentrum Göttingen, Leibniz Institut für Primatenforschung und dem Institut für Tierhygiene, Tierschutz und Nutztierethologie On the acclimatisation of African rhinoceros after re- introduction to former livestock farmland in Namibia INAUGURAL - DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften - Doctor rerum naturalium - (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt von Thomas Göttert Haldensleben Hannover 2011 Wissenschaftliche Betreuung: Prof. Dr. Michael Böer & Prof. Dr. J. Keith Hodges 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. med. vet. Michael Böer 2. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ute Radespiel Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 14.02.2011 It takes a very long period of observing to become really familiar with an animal and to attain a deeper understanding of its behaviour; and without the love for the animal itself, no observer, however patient, could ever look at it long enough to make valuable observations on its behaviour. Konrad Lorenz Meinen Eltern LIST OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: GENERAL INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 1 African rhino population dynamics........................................................................................ 1 Namibia’s importance for rhino conservation........................................................................ 2 The relationship between translocation and acclimatisation: implications for rhino management .......................................................................................................................... -
Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the Late Miocene of Akka Ș Da G ˘ I, Turkey
Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akka ș da g ˘ ı, Turkey Pierre-Olivier ANTOINE Laboratoire des Mécanismes de Transfert en Géologie, UMR 5563, Université Paul Sabatier, 14 avenue Édouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse (France) [email protected] Gerçek SARAÇ General Directorate of Mineral research and exploration, Natural History Museum, TR-06520 Balgat, Ankara (Turkey) Antoine P.-O. & Saraç G. 2005. — Rhinocerotidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from the late Miocene of Akka ș da g ˘ ı, Turkey, in Sen S. (ed.), Geology, mammals and environments at Akka ș da g ˘ ı, late Miocene of Central Anatolia. Geodiversitas 27 (4) : 601-632. ABSTRACT More than 120 rhinocerotid remains unearthed in the middle Turolian locality of Akka ș dag˘ ı(Central Anatolia) are described. The fauna is diversified, with a pair of large two-horned species, Ceratotherium neumayri (Osborn, 1900) and Stephanorhinus pikermiensis (Toula, 1906), and two smaller species of short limbed aceratheriines ( Chilotherium sp. and Acerorhinus sp.). Ceratotherium neumayri is by far the most common species, with a complete skull, 114 specimens and at least 11 individuals. The cranial, dental and postcranial remains of C . neumayri are among the largest ones described so far for this species. The coexistence of C . neumayri , KEY WORDS S . pikermiensis ,and chilotheres is common in the Turolian of Eastern Mammalia, Rhinocerotidae, Mediterranean: comparable rhinocerotid associations are known at Kavakdere Ceratotherium neumayri , (MN 12, Turkey) and Samos (MN 12, Greece). The large size of the middle Turolian, C . neumayri specimens is consistent with the middle Turolian age for Akka ș dag˘ ı, Central Anatolia, Akka ș dag˘ ı(MN 12), as stated on the whole mammalian fauna and Turkey. -
Neogene Hyperaridity in Arabia Drove the Directions of Mammalian Dispersal Between Africa and Eurasia
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00158-y OPEN Neogene hyperaridity in Arabia drove the directions of mammalian dispersal between Africa and Eurasia ✉ Madelaine Böhme 1,2 , Nikolai Spassov3, Mahmoud Reza Majidifard4, Andreas Gärtner 5, Uwe Kirscher 1, Michael Marks1, Christian Dietzel1, Gregor Uhlig6, Haytham El Atfy 1,7, David R. Begun8 & Michael Winklhofer 9 The evolution of the present-day African savannah fauna has been substantially influenced by the dispersal of Eurasian ancestors into Africa. The ancestors evolved endemically, together 1234567890():,; with the autochthonous taxa, into extant Afrotropical clades during the last 5 million years. However, it is unclear why Eurasian ancestors moved into Africa. Here we use sedimento- logical observations and soluble salt geochemical analyses of samples from a sedimentary sequence in Western Iran to develop a 10-million-year long proxy record of Arabian climate. We identify transient periods of Arabian hyperaridity centred 8.75, 7.78, 7.50 and 6.25 million years ago, out-of-phase with Northern African aridity. We propose that this rela- tionship promoted unidirectional mammalian dispersals into Africa. This was followed by a sustained hyperarid period between 5.6 and 3.3 million years ago which impeded dispersals and allowed African mammalian faunas to endemically diversify into present-day clades. After this, the mid-Piacenzian warmth enabled bi-directional fauna exchange between Africa and Eurasia, which continued during the Pleistocene. 1 Department of Geosciences, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 2 Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Tübingen, Germany. 3 National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria. -
Ungulate Taxonomy Colin Groves and Peter Grubb
Ungulate Taxonomy colin groves and peter grubb THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY PRESS | baltimore —-1 —0 © 2011 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF —+1 Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book. All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-47558_ch00_1P.indd iii 5/31/11 6:06 PM © 2011 The Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2011 Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Mary land 21218- 4363 w w w . p r e s s . j h u . e d u [[CIP data to come]] A cata log record for this book is available from the British Library. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410- 516- 6936 or [email protected]. The Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post- consumer waste, when ever possible. All of our book papers are acid- free, and -1— our jackets and covers are printed on paper with recycled 0— content. © 2011 The Johns Hopkins University Press +1— UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book. All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-47558_ch00_1P.indd iv 5/31/11 6:06 PM Contents Preface vii Theory of Ungulate Taxonomy 1 part i PERISSODACTYLA 1 Equidae 13 2 Tapiridae 18 3 Rhinocerotidae 21 part ii ARTIODACTYLA 4 Tylopoda 29 5 Suidae 33 6 Hippopotamidae 54 7 Tragulidae and Moschidae 56 8 Antilocapridae 63 9 Giraffi dae 64 10 Cervidae 71 11 Bovidae 108 References 281 Index 000 —-1 —0 © 2011 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF —+1 Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book. -
ERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II Analisi Dei
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II Analisi dei trend di taglia corporea nei mammiferi cenozoici in relazione agli assetti climatici. Dr. Federico Passaro Tutor Dr. Pasquale Raia Co-Tutor Dr. Francesco Carotenuto Do ttorato in Scienze della Terra (XXVI° Ciclo) 2013/2014 Indice. Introduzione pag. 1 Regola di Cope e specializzazione ecologica 2 - Materiali e metodi 2 - Test sull’applicabilità della regola di Cope 3 - Risultati dei test sulla regola di Cope 4 - Discussione dei risultati sulla regola di Cope 6 Habitat tracking e stasi morfologica 11 - Materiali e metodi 11 - Risultati 12 - Discussione 12 Relazione tra diversificazione fenotipica e tassonomica nei Mammiferi cenozoici 15 - Introduzione 15 - Materiali e metodi 16 - Risultati 19 - Discussione 20 Influenza della regola di Cope sull’evoluzione delle ornamentazioni in natura 24 - Introduzione 24 - Materiali e metodi 25 - Risultati 28 - Discussione 29 Considerazioni finali 33 Bilbiografia 34 Appendice 1 48 Appendice 2 65 Appendice 3 76 Appendice 4 123 Introduzione. La massa corporea di un individuo, oltre alla sua morfologia e struttura, è una delle caratteristiche che influisce maggiormente sulla sua ecologia. La variazione della taglia (body size), sia che essa diminuisca o sia che essa aumenti, porta a cambiamenti importanti nell’ecologia della specie: influisce sulla sua “longevità stratigrafica” (per le specie fossili), sulla complessità delle strutture ornamentali, sulla capacità di occupare determinati habitat, sulla grandezza degli areali che possono occupare (range size), sull’abbondanza (densità di individui) che esse possono avere in un determinato areale, sulla capacità di sfruttare le risorse, sul ricambio generazionale, sulla loro capacità di dispersione e conseguentemente sulla capacità di sopravvivere ai mutamenti ambientali (in seguito ai mutamenti si estinguono o tendono a spostarsi per seguire condizioni ecologiche ottimali – habitat tracking).