DOCSLIB.ORG

The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection 9. Rhinocerotidae By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection 9. Rhinocerotidae By Beitr. Paläont., 31:157–187, Wien 2009 The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection 9. Rhinocerotidae by Ioannis X. Giaourtsakis*) Giaourtsakis, I.X., 2009. The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection. 9. Rhinocerotidae. — Beitr. Paläont., 31:157–187, Wien. Abstract Zusammenfassung The recent paleontological expeditions to the late Miocene Die jüngsten paläontologischen Forschungen in den fossiliferous localities of the Mytilinii Basin on Samos obermiozänen Fossilfundstellen des Mytilinii Beckens Island, Greece, have unearthed numerous rhinocerotid (Samos, Griechenland), haben zahlreiche Nashornreste remains that represent two species of horned rhinocer- erbracht, die zwei verschiedene horntragende Nashorn- oses, “Diceros” neumayri (Osborn, 1900) and Dihoplus arten beinhalten: “Diceros” neumayri (Osborn, 1900) und pikermiensis (Toula, 1906). The morphological differ- Dihoplus pikermiensis (Toula, 1906). Die morphologischen ences between the two species are discussed. The absence Unterschiede zwischen den zwei Arten werden bespro- of the hornless rhinoceros Chilotherium in our sample, chen. Das Fehlen des hornlosen Nashorns Chilotherium, which is known from previous Samos collections, is at- das aus früheren Ausgrabungen auf Samos bekannt ist, tributed to the limited material, particularly from the hängt möglicherweise mit dem begrenzten Fundmaterial stratigraphically older localities of Mytilinii-3 (MYT) zusammen, insbesondere aus den stratigraphisch älteren and Mytilinii-4 (MLN) of the Potamies ravine. In the Fundstellen Mytilinii-3 (MYT) und Mytilinii-4 (MLN) well-sampled localities of the younger Mytilinii-1 (MTL) der Potamies Schlucht. In den fossilreichen und strati- faunal assemblage of the Adrianos ravine, a significant graphisch jüngeren Fundstellen Mytilinii-1 (MTL) der interspecific dominance of Diceros“ ” neumayri over Diho- Andrianos Schlucht ist eine klare interspezifische Do- plus pikermiensis has been documented. The comparison of minanz von “Diceros” neumayri über Dihoplus pikermiensis the Samos rhinocerotids with other Turolian localities in dokumentiert worden. Der Vergleich der Nashornfauna Continental Greece and Western Asia indicates a closer von Samos mit anderen turolischen Fundstellen aus dem resemblance to the Asian ones, in particular from Ana- kontinentalen Griechenland und aus West-Asien zeigt tolia. The marked differences in the relative distribution eine stärkere Ähnlichkeit mit den asiatischen Fundstel- of rhinocerotid taxa among the Turolian localities of the len, insbesondere jenen aus Anatolien. Die markanten Eastern Mediterranean and adjacent regions are related Unterschiede in der relativen Verteilung der verschiedenen to environmentally-controlled provincial differences and Nashornarten in den turolischen Fundstellen im östlichen suggest the expansion of more open and arid habitats on Mittelmeerraum und in den benachbarten Regionen Samos and in Anatolia compared to Continental Greece hängen mit klimatischen provinziellen Unterschieden during this period of time. zusammen. Sie deuten die Verbreitung von offeneren und trockeneren Lebensräumen auf Samos und in Anatolien Keywords: Turolian, Samos, Greece, Mammalia, Peris- während des Turoliums an, im Vergleich zu den Fundstel- sodactyla, Rhinocerotidae, Systematics. len des kontinentalen Griechenlands. Schlüsselwörter: Turolium, Samos, Griechenland, Mam- malia, Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae, Systematik. *) Dipl.-Geol. Ioannis X. Giaourtsakis, Ludwig-Maximilians- 1. Introduction University of Munich, Department of Geo- and Environmen- tal Sciences, Section of Paleontology. Richard-Wagner-Str. The presence of fossil mammals on Samos Island has 10, D-80333 Munich, Germany. e-mail: i.giaourtsakis@lrz. been known since early historical times, as indicated by uni-muenchen.de surviving ancient Greek myths and artifacts (Solounias 158 Beitr. Paläont., 31, Wien, 2009 & Mayor, 2004; Koufos, this volume). The first docu- skulls from Samos were depicted and briefly described mented rhinocerotid fossils from Samos were part of a in short accounts on the Samos fauna accumulated in small collection collected by local villagers that was sold to various Museums (Drevermann, 1930; Leonardi, 1947; Italian travelers sometime between 1852 and 1866. These Melentis, 1968; Piccoli et al., 1975; Lehmann, 1984), specimens were deposited at the Geological Institute of or in general works (Thenius, 1955; Viret, 1958). Ger- the University of Padova and were reported much later aads (1988) presented a significant study on the horned by Leonardi (1947) and Piccoli et al. (1975). The first rhinoceros species from Pikermi and Samos, establishing systematic excavations on Samos were conducted during reliable criteria for distinguishing the cranial and dental the years 1885-1889 by the English physician and natural- remains of “Diceros” neumayri and Dihoplus pikermiensis. ist C. I. Forsyth Major, who was inspired by the ancient Giaourtsakis et al. (2006) refined the morphological myths (Forsyth-Major, 1888, 1891, 1994). In the catalog differences of their mandibles and deciduous dentitions, of his major findings,Forsyth-Major (1894) attributed and discussed their relative distribution and interspecific several rhinocerotid specimens to Rhinoceros pachygnathus dominance in Pikermi and on Samos. (here “Diceros” neumayri), a well-known species at that time In the present study, we describe the rhinocerotid mate- from the renowned locality of Pikermi (Wagner, 1848; rial collected during the recent paleontological expedi- Gaudry, 1863). Following the impressive discoveries of tions on Samos that were conducted under the direction Forsyth Major, a great number of expeditions was carried of Prof. G.D. Koufos, under the auspices of the “K. and out on Samos by a variety of fossil dealers and scientists M. Zimalis Foundation” and the Aegean Museum of during the next decades, spreading the amply recovered Natural History (Koufos, this volume). The studied material to numerous museums and institutional collec- material was unearthed from three localities, Mytilinii-4 tions across Europe and the USA (Solounias, 1981a, b; (MLN), Mytilinii-3 (MYT), and Mytilinii-1 (MTL). Koufos, this volume). The locality MLN is placed in the Potamies ravine and is The first detailed studies on the Samos rhinoceroses were dated to early Turolian (uppermost MN 11) at ~7.5 Ma. undertaken by Weber (1904, 1905), who described and The locality MYT is situated in the Potamies ravine and illustrated a remarkably rich collection hosted at that is dated to early middle Turolian (early MN 12) at ~7.3 time at the Paleontological Museum of Munich. In his Ma. The locality MTL is located in Adrianos ravine and first contribution, Weber (1904) studied the remains consists of several fossiliferous sites; the rhinocerotids have of the horned rhinoceroses (subfamily Rhinocerotinae). been traced in the sites MTLA, MTLB, MTLD dated Apart from the dominant Rhinoceros pachygnathus (here to the uppermost middle Turolian (MN 12) at ~7.1 Ma. “Diceros” neumayri), Weber also recognized the presence Further, the specimens from the 1963 expedition by Prof. of a second horned rhinoceros species on Samos, which J.K. Melentis in Adrianos ravine (Melentis, 1968) are he referred to Rhinoceros schleiermacheri (here attributed to also included in the present study. Melentis’ excavation Dihoplus pikermiensis). In his second contribution, Weber site coincides with Mytilinii-1A (MTLA), but to avoid (1905) documented the presence of two additional horn- confusion, the specimens of this collection are referred to less rhinoceros species (subfamily Aceratherinae), which by the prefix PMMS before their code number (Koufos, he attributed to the new species Aceratherium schlosseri this volume). A detailed account on the geological and and Aceratherium samium. Later on, both hornless species stratigraphical setting of the different fossiliferous sites of were properly included by Ringström (1924) in his newly Samos is provided by Kostopoulos et al. (this volume) created genus Chilotherium. Unfortunately, the entire rhi- and Koufos et al. (this volume-a). nocerid material from Samos at Munich was destroyed by a heavy bombing during the Second World War. A second systematic study was undertaken by Andreé (1921), who 2. Material and Methods examined the Samos rhinocerotid collection at the Paleon- tological Museum of Münster. Andreé (1921) recognized The rhinocerotid material described in the present article the four species previously documented by Weber (1904, is stored in the collections of the Natural History Mu- 1905), and created two additional hornless rhinoceros spe- seum of the Aegean, Mytilinii, Samos (NHMA). Cranial cies, Aceratherium wegneri and Aceratherium angustifrons. and mandibular measurements follow Guérin (1980), However, their specific identity is doubtful. The rather including a few additional measurements. Anatomical well-preserved type cranium with associated mandible of conventions follow Getty (1975) and Baron (1999), also Aceratherium wegneri evidently belongs to Weber’s Chi- considering the recommendations of NAV (2005). Dental lotherium schlosseri, as first suggested by Heissig (1975a, measurements and terminology follow Peter (2002), but b). The incomplete and transversally compressed type width measurements include the mesial (Wm), as well as cranium of Aceratherium angustifrons may either belong the distal (Wd) width of each
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Late Miocene Large Mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli Province, Western Turkey
    Late Miocene large mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli province, Western Turkey. Denis Geraads To cite this version: Denis Geraads. Late Miocene large mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli province, Western Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, E Schweizerbart Science Publishers, 2017, 284 (3), pp.241-257. 10.1127/njgpa/2017/0661. halshs-01794188 HAL Id: halshs-01794188 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01794188 Submitted on 17 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GERAADS, D. 2017. Late Miocene large mammals from Mahmutgazi, Denizli province, Western Turkey. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 284(3): 241-257. Denis GERAADS, CR2P, Sorbonne Universités, MNHN, CNRS, UPMC, CP 38, 8 rue Buffon, 75231 PARIS Cedex 05, France [email protected] Abstract: The upper Miocene locality of Mahmutgazi in Western Turkey was excavated in the 70s by a German team, but most of its large mammals had never been studied. The collection housed in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Karlsruhe, contains, besides previously published groups, large samples of Giraffidae (Samotherium), Rhinocerotidae (including a nice complete skull of Ceratotherium neumayri), and Equidae, as well as some Chalicotheriidae (Ancylotherium) and Bovidae (Boselaphini), which are studied here.
    [Show full text]
  • Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi Denis Geraads
    Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi Denis Geraads To cite this version: Denis Geraads. Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi. Journal of Human Evolution, Elsevier, 2017, 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.013. hal-01684034 HAL Id: hal-01684034 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01684034 Submitted on 15 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Perissodactyla (Rhinocerotidae and Equidae) from Kanapoi 2 3 Denis Geraads a, b 4 5 a Sorbonne Universités - CR2P-MNHN, CNRS, UPMC-Paris 6 - CP 38, Muséum National 6 d'Histoire Naturelle, 8 rue Buffon, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 7 b Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution 8 Deutscher Platz 6 - D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 9 10 E-mail address: [email protected] 11 12 Keywords: Pliocene, Rhinocerotidae, Equidae, Dicerotini, Hipparion, Eastern Africa, Kenya, 13 Paleoenvironment 14 1 1 Abstract 2 The Kanapoi collection of Rhinocerotidae, first studied by Hooijer and Patterson (1972), 3 now consists of 25 specimens and substantial reinterpretation of their affinities is made here. 4 Kanapoi post-dates the extinction of Brachypotherium and the whole collection belongs to the 5 Dicerotini.
    [Show full text]
  • ERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II Analisi Dei
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI FEDERICO II Analisi dei trend di taglia corporea nei mammiferi cenozoici in relazione agli assetti climatici. Dr. Federico Passaro Tutor Dr. Pasquale Raia Co-Tutor Dr. Francesco Carotenuto Do ttorato in Scienze della Terra (XXVI° Ciclo) 2013/2014 Indice. Introduzione pag. 1 Regola di Cope e specializzazione ecologica 2 - Materiali e metodi 2 - Test sull’applicabilità della regola di Cope 3 - Risultati dei test sulla regola di Cope 4 - Discussione dei risultati sulla regola di Cope 6 Habitat tracking e stasi morfologica 11 - Materiali e metodi 11 - Risultati 12 - Discussione 12 Relazione tra diversificazione fenotipica e tassonomica nei Mammiferi cenozoici 15 - Introduzione 15 - Materiali e metodi 16 - Risultati 19 - Discussione 20 Influenza della regola di Cope sull’evoluzione delle ornamentazioni in natura 24 - Introduzione 24 - Materiali e metodi 25 - Risultati 28 - Discussione 29 Considerazioni finali 33 Bilbiografia 34 Appendice 1 48 Appendice 2 65 Appendice 3 76 Appendice 4 123 Introduzione. La massa corporea di un individuo, oltre alla sua morfologia e struttura, è una delle caratteristiche che influisce maggiormente sulla sua ecologia. La variazione della taglia (body size), sia che essa diminuisca o sia che essa aumenti, porta a cambiamenti importanti nell’ecologia della specie: influisce sulla sua “longevità stratigrafica” (per le specie fossili), sulla complessità delle strutture ornamentali, sulla capacità di occupare determinati habitat, sulla grandezza degli areali che possono occupare (range size), sull’abbondanza (densità di individui) che esse possono avere in un determinato areale, sulla capacità di sfruttare le risorse, sul ricambio generazionale, sulla loro capacità di dispersione e conseguentemente sulla capacità di sopravvivere ai mutamenti ambientali (in seguito ai mutamenti si estinguono o tendono a spostarsi per seguire condizioni ecologiche ottimali – habitat tracking).
    [Show full text]
  • Mammalia, Perissodactyla)
    FOSSlllA. VOLUME 2018: 27-32 EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF RHINOCEROTINA (MAMMALIA, PERISSODACTYLA) Luca Pandolfi Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universita degli Studi di Firenze 50121, Italy; [email protected] BULLET-POINTS ABSTRACT KEYWORDS: • The earliest representatives of the group occurred during the Early Miocene. Rhinocerotina; evolution; • The group is well documented during the Late Miocene in Western Eurasia paleobiogeography; and Africa. Neogene; • High species diversity occurred in Eurasia during the Pleistocene. Quaternary. • The fossil records of Rhinoceros and Dicerorhinus seems to be confined in the Indian subcontinent and East and South-East Asia. ologia Giovanni Capellini, Bologna, Italy; MPGPD, INTRODUCTION Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia, Padua, Italy; The tribe Rhinocerotina Gray, 1821 (sensu Antoine, MNCN, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Ma­ 2002) includes the extant rhinoceroses that are cur­ drid, Spain; MNHN, Museum National d'Histoire rently distributed in limited areas of SouthAsia and naturelle, Paris, France; MPP, Museo Paleontologico Africa. Parmense, Parma, Italy; MPUR, Museo Paleontolo­ The tribe probably originates from Late Oligocene re­ gico dell'Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy; MSNAF, presentatives of Teleoceratini, but this hypothesis ne­ Museo di Storia Naturale, Accademia dei Fisiocritici, eds to be better supported by a comprehensive revision Siena, Italy; MZF, Museo di Storia Naturale, sezione of the latter taxon. Rhinocerotina is considered a mo­ di Zoologia, Florence, Italy; NHMUK, Natural Hi­ nophyletic group (Antoine, 2002) supported by seve­ story Museum, London, United Kingdom; NHMW, ral synapomorphies such as the presence of a median Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, Austria; NMB, frontal horn, enlarged rostral end of the nasals, trend Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland; SMF, towards the ossification of the nasal septum (Antoine, Senckenberg N aturmuseum, Frankfurt, Germany; 2002; Antoine et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Miocene Mammals from the Konservat-Lagerstätte of Saint
    C. R. Palevol 17 (2018) 479–493 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Comptes Rendus Palevol www.sci encedirect.com General palaeontology, Systematics, and Evolution (Taphonomy and Fossilisation) The late Miocene mammals from the Konservat-Lagerstätte of Saint-Bauzile (Ardèche, France) Conservation exceptionnelle de mammifères du Miocène supérieur à Saint-Bauzile (Ardèche, France) ∗ Grégoire Métais , Sevket Sen CR2P, Paléobiodiversité et Paléoenvironnements, UMR 7207, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, 8, rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Diatomite deposits of Saint-Bauzile near Privas (Ardèche) in southern France have been Received 9 October 2016 known since more than two centuries for abundant and extremely well-preserved fossils Accepted after revision 10 May 2017 of plants and animals. The radiometric dating brackets fossil-bearing horizons between 7.2 Available online 23 June 2018 and 7.6 Ma, which is consistent with the biochronologic age given by fossil mammals, which are characteristics of the late MN11 zone, i.e. the second part of the late Miocene. The main Handled by Didier Néraudeau and Sylvain interest of this site for mammals is that they are preserved almost “in the flesh”, as entire Charbonnier. skeletons with bones in their anatomical connection, and often with skin and fur charred and forming a halo around the body. In this work, we studied the remains of a lagomorph, Keywords: two rodents, an equid, a suid, a bovid and a rhino. The mode of preservation of mammals Konservat-Lagerstätten as entire bodies suggests sudden death and rapid burial of individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhinocerotidae from the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene of Macedonia, Greece
    Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève (décembre 2018) 37 (2): 609-630 ISSN 0253-6730 Rhinocerotidae from the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene of Macedonia, Greece. A revision of the Neogene - Quaternary Rhinocerotidae of Greece Evangelia TSOUKALA Aristotle University, School of Geology, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Rhino fossils have been found in 65 localities in Greece, spanning the biozones MN 5 to MNQ 26. Some specimens represent the first occurrence of their species in Greece (such as Stephanorhinus jeanvireti in Milia, West Macedonia) while others are new species identified first in Greece (e.g. Dihoplus pikermiensis, Acerorhinus neleus at Pikermi, Kerassia, etc.). We provide an updated overview of the Neogene - Quaternary Rhinocerotidae of Greece. We describe herein Late Miocene rhinos from two sites in Eastern Macedonia: Thermopigi (Serres) and Platania (Drama). At Thermopigi, Dihoplus pikermiensis is represented by maxillas with teeth, a few complete long bones with special taphonomic remarks, metapodials and phalanges. At Platania, remains of Ceratotherium neumayri consist of a mandible of a juvenile, some dental fragments and postcranial elements, mainly carpals, tarsals and metapodials. Some of the metapodials appear to have been gnawed by a large scavenger, as indicated by the presence of tooth-marks and special fragmentation. We also report well-preserved limb bones of Stephanorhinus jeanvireti from Angelon Beach at Angelochori (Megalo Emvolo, Thessaloniki); these point out to a Late Pliocene age of the site. Keywords Neogene rhinoceroses, Platania, Thermopigi, Angelochori, revision, Greece. 1. INTRODUCTION lower deciduous premolars; D: dextra, right; DAP: antero-posterior diameter; Dist. 2 brims: distance In 1841 Goldfuss (Giaourtsakis, 2003 and ref.
    [Show full text]
  • A Rhinocerotid Skull Cooked-To-Death in a 9.2 Ma-Old Ignimbrite Flow of Turkey
    A Rhinocerotid Skull Cooked-to-Death in a 9.2 Ma-Old Ignimbrite Flow of Turkey Pierre-Olivier Antoine1*, Maeva J. Orliac1,2, Gokhan Atici3, Inan Ulusoy4, Erdal Sen4, H. Evren C¸ ubukc¸u4, Ebru Albayrak5,Nes¸e Oyal5, Erkan Aydar4, Sevket Sen6 1 Institut des Sciences de l’E´volution, UMR-CNRS 5554, CC064, Universite´ Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France, 2 Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, 3 Department of Geology, General Directorate of MTA, Ankara, Turkey, 4 Hacettepe University Department of Geological Engineering, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey, 5 General Directorate of MTA, Natural History Museum, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey, 6 Centre de Recherche sur la Pale´obiodiversite´ et les Pale´oenvironnements, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS-UMR 7207, Paris, France Abstract Background: Preservation of fossil vertebrates in volcanic rocks is extremely rare. An articulated skull (cranium and mandible) of a rhinoceros was found in a 9.260.1 Ma-old ignimbrite of Cappadocia, Central Turkey. The unusual aspect of the preserved hard tissues of the skull (rough bone surface and brittle dentine) allows suspecting a peri-mortem exposure to a heating source. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we describe and identify the skull as belonging to the large two-horned rhinocerotine Ceratotherium neumayri, well-known in the late Miocene of the Eastern Mediterranean Province. Gross structural features and microscopic changes of hard tissues (bones and teeth) are then monitored and compared to the results of forensic and archaeological studies and experiments focusing on heating effects, in order to reconstruct the hypothetical peri-mortem conditions. Macroscopic and microscopic structural changes on compact bones (canaliculi and lamellae vanished), as well as partial dentine/cementum disintegration, drastic enamel-dentine disjunctions or microscopic cracks affecting all hard dental tissues (enamel, cementum, and dentine) point to continued exposures to temperatures around 400–450uC.
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection - 9
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Beiträge zur Paläontologie Jahr/Year: 2009 Band/Volume: 31 Autor(en)/Author(s): Giaourtsakis Ioannis X. Artikel/Article: The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection - 9. Rhinocerotidae 157-187 ©Verein zur Förderung der Paläontologie am Institut für Paläontologie, Geozentrum Wien Beitr. Paläont., 31:157-187, Wien 2009 The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection 9. Rhinocerotidae by Ioannis X . Giaourtsakis*) G iaourtsakis , I.X , 2009. The Late Miocene Mammal Faunas of the Mytilinii Basin, Samos Island, Greece: New Collection. 9. Rhinocerotidae. — Beitr. Palaont, 31:157-187, Wien. Abstract Zusammenfassung The recent paleontological expeditions to the late Miocene Die jüngsten paläontologischen Forschungen in den fossiliferous localities of the Mytilinii Basin on Samos obermiozänen Fossilfundstellen des Mytilinii Beckens Island, Greece, have unearthed numerous rhinocerotid (Samos, Griechenland), haben zahlreiche Nashornreste remains that represent two species of horned rhinocer­ erbracht, die zwei verschiedene horntragende Nashorn­ oses, “Diceros” neumayri (O s b o r n , 1900) and Dihoplus arten beinhalten: “Diceros” neumayri (O s b o r n , 1900) und pikermiensis (T o u l a , 1906). The morphological differ­ Dihoplus pikermiensis (T o u l a , 1906). Die morphologischen ences between the two species
    [Show full text]
  • {TEXTBOOK} Inside Rhinoceros 5 Ebook Free Download
    INSIDE RHINOCEROS 5 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Ron Cheng | 592 pages | 09 Apr 2013 | Cengage Learning, Inc | 9781111124915 | English | Clifton Park, United States Download - Rhino 5 for Windows To conserve it, they would have to relocate them from small forests to breeding programs that could monitor their breeding success. To boost reproduction, the Malaysian and Indonesian governments could also agree to exchange the gametes of the Sumatran and smaller Bornean subspecies. The Indonesian and Malaysian governments have also proposed a single management unit for these two ancient subspecies. Plantations for palm oil have taken out the living areas and led to the eradication of the rhino in Sumatra. Rhinocerotoids diverged from other perissodactyls by the early Eocene. Fossils of Hyrachyus eximus found in North America date to this period. This small hornless ancestor resembled a tapir or small horse more than a rhino. Three families, sometimes grouped together as the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea , evolved in the late Eocene, namely the Hyracodontidae, Amynodontidae and Rhinocerotidae. Hyracodontidae , also known as "running rhinos", showed adaptations for speed, and would have looked more like horses than modern rhinos. The smallest hyracodontids were dog-sized; the largest was Paraceratherium , one of the largest known land mammals that ever existed. The hornless Paraceratherium was almost five metres high and ten metres long and weighed as much as 15 tons. Like a giraffe , it ate leaves from trees. Hyracodontids spread across Eurasia from the mid-Eocene to early Miocene. The Amynodontidae, also known as "aquatic rhinos", dispersed across North America and Eurasia , from the late Eocene to early Oligocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Distribution of Rhinoceroses from the Siwalik Hills of Pakistan
    i TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF RHINOCEROSES FROM THE SIWALIK HILLS OF PAKISTAN ABDUL MAJID KHAN DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB LAHORE, PAKISTAN 2009 ii TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF RHINOCEROSES FROM THE SIWALIK HILLS OF PAKISTAN By ABDUL MAJID KHAN A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy In the Faculty of Life Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Supervisor Prof. Dr. Muhammad Akhtar DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB LAHORE, PAKISTAN 2009 iv DEDICATION Dedicated to MY CHILDHOOD MENTORS MUHAMMAD YOUSAF KHAN (LATE) & WAZIR BEGUM (LATE) i TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF RHINOCEROSES FROM THE SIWALIK HILLS OF PAKISTAN By Abdul Majid Khan, M. Sc. (University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan) ©∫ªπ®™ Taxonomic studies of the abundant and diverse rhinoceros fossil materials from different formations of the Siwaliks, Pakistan, were undertaken. Most of the fossil remains came from the previously described localities. However some new localities were also explored for the collection of specimens. Over all fifty four specimens, collected from different localities of the lower, middle and upper Siwaliks are described in this dissertation. Among fifty; nine specimens belong to the genus Rhinoceros, two specimens belong to the genus Punjabitherium, fifteen specimens belong to the genus Gaindatherium, seven specimens belong to the genus Alicornops, thirteen specimens belong to the genus Brachypotherium, and eight specimens belong to the genus Chilotherium. All the described specimens include some complete maxillary and mandibular tooth series, isolated teeth and fragments of maxillae or mandibles. A complete right and left maxillary tooth series (P1-M3) of Rhinoceros sivalensis is described for the first time from the Tatrot Fm.
    [Show full text]