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The Aneurin Great War Project: Timeline Part 11 - Versailles and After, 1919 to Right Now! Copyright Notice: This material was written and published in Wales by Derek J. Smith (Chartered Engineer). It forms part of a multifile e-learning resource, and subject only to acknowledging Derek J. Smith's rights under international copyright law to be identified as author may be freely downloaded and printed off in single complete copies solely for the purposes of private study and/or review. Commercial exploitation rights are reserved. The remote hyperlinks have been selected for the academic appropriacy of their contents; they were free of offensive and litigious content when selected, and will be periodically checked to have remained so. Copyright © 2014/2018-2021, Derek J. Smith. First published 09:00 BST 30th July 2014. This version 09:00 BST 6th October 2021 [BUT UNDER CONSTANT EXTENSION AND CORRECTION, SO CHECK AGAIN SOON] This timeline supports the Aneurin series of interdisciplinary scientific reflections on why the Great War failed so singularly in its bid to be The War to End all Wars. It presents actual or best-guess historical event and introduces theoretical issues of cognitive science as they become relevant. UPWARD Author's Home Page Project Aneurin, Scope and Aims BACKWARD IN TIME Part 1 - (Ape)men at War, Prehistory to 730 Part 2 - Royal Wars (Without Gunpowder), 731 to 1272 Part 3 - Royal Wars (With Gunpowder), 1273-1602 Part 4 - The Religious Civil Wars, 1603-1661 Part 5 - Imperial Wars, 1662-1763 Part 6 - The Georgian Wars, 1764-1815 Part 7 - Economic Wars, 1816-1869 Part 8 - The War Machines, 1870-1894 Part 9 - Insults at the Weigh-In, 1895-1914 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1914 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1915 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1916 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1917 Part 10 - The War Itself, 1918 The Timeline Items ***** ALI BABA AND HIS FORTY THIEVES ***** 1919 [1st-2nd January] The Russian Civil War [LXXXII - Food, High Finance, and Espionage Fronts (The Men Behind Hoover)]: [Continued from 31st December 1918] On 1st January 1919 the American occupation's food tsar, Herbert Hoover [see 7th November 1918], now based in Paris [he is close to, but not part of the Versailles negotiating team - Ed.], is beginning to get his team together. And most impressive it is, too, as biographer Walter W. Liggett will later explain ... "... Hoover had powerful aides. Lord Reading (Sir Rufus Isaacs) [check him out], English food controller and member of the [Supreme Economic Council], had been Hoover's lawyer for many years. Emile Francqui [check him out] was perhaps the most influential man in Belgium. A large Paris bank also was interested in Hoover's Russian holdings." ... ASIDE: We shall be returning to this den of thieves when profiling said Supreme Economic Council [see 24th February below]. Burner (1979) identifies the Russian holdings as "Kyshtym [map] and Orsk [map] in Siberia" (p54), and suggests that he acted through the "Inter-Russian Company" [nothing known]. He was also involved in some unsuccessful oil prospecting projects in the Maykop region [map] of the western Kuban. Another biographer, Kellogg (1920/2009) [Amazon], reviews Hoover's banking network, as also do Wentling and Medoff (2002) [Amazon]. ... "The Romanoff family had been his partners." ... ASIDE: Burner covers Hoover's Russian investments in some detail, if interested. Hoover visited Russia "several times", adding up to a total 72 weeks. The Tsar did indeed commission his services in 1912. ... "Clemenceau and Lord Curzon of England [check him out] were perfectly fanatical in their anti-Bolshevism. It is probable that Woodrow Wilson - willing to sacrifice any principle to put over the League of Nations - didn't know what it was all about [... and] it is quite possible that he had never heard of Hoover's interests in Russia. In any event, Wilson left our Russia policy almost entirely in Hoover's hands. [...] The Russians are to starve because four men in Paris do not like their politics; on the day when they surrender to the ideas and armies of the Big Four, then they may have bread" (Liggett, 1932, p261). Hoover sets the tone for his intervention by letting it be known from the outset that he intends being particularly strict on the Germans given the "wanton destructiveness" he had seen from them in Belgium, and that the Allied naval blockade of Germany is going to remain in force until they sign up to the Versailles Treaty [see 12th July below]. The Germans, too, are to starve, etc. On the intelligence front, Allen Dulles arrives in Paris 2nd January to work with one of the American delegation's co- opted academics, Yale historian Charles Seymour [Wikipedia biography] [sub-thread continues at next entry ...]. [THREAD = THE SHAPING OF THE MODERN WORLD] [THREAD = THE NEVER-ENDED RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR, 1917-ONGOING] [THREAD = THE COLD WAR IN THE MAKING] [THREAD = FOOD AS "HERE, DOGGY" PROPAGANDA] 1919 [2nd January] The Russian Civil War [LXXXIII - South Russian Front (The Svechnikov Offensive)]: [Continued from preceding entry] On 2nd January 1919 General Mikhail Svechnikov's [Wikipedia biography] 11th and 12th Armies advance westward out of their base at Astrakhan [map] toward Armavir [map] and Tikhoretsk [map], threatening [Y]Ekaterinodar [see 15th August 1918] and Denikin's hold over the western Kuban, and southward down the Caspian coast toward Baku [see 30th October 1918], threatening the oilfields there. Denikin gives as good as he gets, however, and Svechnikov soon has to fall back on his North Caspian heartland [sub-thread continues at next entry ...]. [THREAD = THE SHAPING OF THE MODERN WORLD] [THREAD = WW1 MAJOR BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS] [THREAD = THE NEVER-ENDED RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR, 1917-ONGOING] [THREAD = THE COLD WAR IN THE MAKING] 1919 [3rd January-2nd February] The Russian Civil War [LXXXIV - South Russian Front (The Ukraine Goes Red)]: [Continued from preceding entry] On 3rd January 1919 the Allied masterplan for the south [see preceding entry] is thrown into confusion by a snap Bolshevik push into the Ukraine from the north which captures Kharkov [map] and pushes the Whites back a hundred miles to Poltava [map]. On 6th January the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (UkSSR) [Wikipedia briefing] is established to administer the territory acquired ... ASIDE: Foreign Commissar Georgy Chicherin [see 4th April 1918] carefully points out to foreign journalists that this advance was not Moscow's work, but rather regional Reds fighting regional Whites. The UkSSR will endure, in some form or other, until the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991. Further attacks on 20th January take Poltava and push the Whites back another 100 miles to Kremenchuk [map]. Then, on 2nd February, the jewel in the regional crown - Kiev [map] - also falls to the Reds. To add insult to injury, for much of the summer the White Armies in the south and west suffer severe non-combat losses due to the ravages of typhus [sub-thread continues at next entry ...]. [THREAD = THE SHAPING OF THE MODERN WORLD] [THREAD = WW1 MAJOR BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS] [THREAD = THE NEVER-ENDED RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR, 1917-ONGOING] [THREAD = THE COLD WAR IN THE MAKING] ***** NEW BATTLE FRONT IN EASTERN EUROPE ***** 1919 [3rd January] The Russian Civil War [LXXXV - West Russian Front (Riga Goes Red)]: [Continued from preceding entry] On 3rd January 1919 a Red Latvian offensive succeeds in capturing Riga [map] ... QUICKIE - ESTONIA AND LATVIA BETWEEN THE ARMISTICE AND VERSAILLES: Stewart (1932/2009) devotes an entire chapter to the history of these two East Baltic states. The White Estonians were centred on Pskov [map] under the command of Stanislav Bulak-Balakhovich [Wikipedia biography] (in fact, a Lithuanian). The White Latvians were centred at Riga. The Armistice had included a clause requiring Germany to maintain order in the territories they had overrun, but in many places she lacked the physical resources so to do. Stewart continues ... "The chief actor in the drama of German occupation at this time was the famous General von der Goltz [see 10th December 1918], who attempted to combine anti-Bolsheviks [into] a force of some twenty thousand men in Latvia and Lithuania not only with the intention of fighting the Soviets but also of providing a refuge for such Germans as wished to flee the consequences of their own revolution. [...] As the Germans retired the Reds followed them" (op. cit., k3238-3255). The stage is now set for a summer of strife in which a "Freikorps" [Wikipedia briefing] of like-minded Germans and Latvians get together - with Allied blessing - to operate in the Baltic States with a view to clearing them of different-minded Latvian and Russian Bolsheviks, thus turning Latvia into what we know nowadays [= March 2021] as a "Proxy War". In London, meanwhile, the Foreign Office diplomat [Sir]1953 Harold Nicolson [Wikipedia biography] entrains at Charing Cross for Paris, where he will be working to the Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour [check him out]. His particular - and in many regions impossible - task will be to tweak the maps of Europe (indeed much of the planet) to suit the war victors, and many of the lines he is persuaded to draw may never see peace again [sub-thread continues at 4th January 1919 ...]. [THREAD = THE SHAPING OF THE MODERN WORLD] [THREAD = WW1 MAJOR BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS] [THREAD = THE NEVER-ENDED RUSSIAN CIVIL WAR, 1917-ONGOING] [THREAD = THE COLD WAR IN THE MAKING] 1919 [3rd January] The Versailles Peace Conference [I - Arrivals (The Arabs Arrive)]: [New sub-thread] On 3rd January 1919, before departing London for Paris, the Zionist front man Chaim Weizmann [see 31st October 1917] and the Arabian dynastic leader Prince Faisal bin Hussein [see 30th September 1918] meet to clear the air on the Palestinian question.
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