Les Frontières En Question | 1127 | 15 Mars 2020
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Validation of a Parametric Approach for 3D Fortification Modelling: Application to Scale Models
International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XL-5/W1, 2013 3D-ARCH 2013 - 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures, 25 – 26 February 2013, Trento, Italy VALIDATION OF A PARAMETRIC APPROACH FOR 3D FORTIFICATION MODELLING: APPLICATION TO SCALE MODELS K. Jacquot, C. Chevrier, G. Halin MAP-Crai (UMR 3495 CNRSMCC), ENSA Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France (jacquot, chevrier, halin)@crai.archi.fr Commission V, WG V/4 KEY WORDS: architectural heritage, bastioned fortifications, parametric modelling, knowledge based, scale model, 3D surveys ABSTRACT: Parametric modelling approach applied to cultural heritage virtual representation is a field of research explored for years since it can address many limitations of digitising tools. For example, essential historical sources for fortification virtual reconstructions like plans-reliefs have several shortcomings when they are scanned. To overcome those problems, knowledge based-modelling can be used: knowledge models based on the analysis of theoretical literature of a specific domain such as bastioned fortification treatises can be the cornerstone of the creation of a parametric library of fortification components. Implemented in Grasshopper, these components are manually adjusted on the data available (i.e. 3D surveys of plans-reliefs or scanned maps). Most of the fortification area is now modelled and the question of accuracy assessment is raised. A specific method is used to evaluate the accuracy of the parametric components. The results of the assessment process will allow us to validate the parametric approach. The automation of the adjustment process can finally be planned. The virtual model of fortification is part of a larger project aimed at valorising and diffusing a very unique cultural heritage item: the collection of plans-reliefs. -
The Shape of France Gardens, Fortifications, and Modern Urban1sm
10 THE SHAPE OF FRANCE GARDENS, FORTIFICATIONS, AND MODERN URBAN1SM N THE LAST CHAPTER, I discussed the than one occasion that he would be glad word pourtraiture as it was employed in to receive it from him, but that gift was > the garden treatises of the seventeenth never made. Perhaps Louis wanted it so century and suggested that, through the much precisely because it embodied what methodical adjustment of geometry to he, despite his gloire, had never really ex scale that it was intended to describe, gar perienced firsthand: direct military vic den architects did draw, in fact, a "por tory, its special release and incomparable trait" of the.order of the world upon its satisfactions. As a field commander, Louis surface. At the same time, the word pour was never quite able to close with the traiture may be thought to enemy. The one chance he have a double meaning, had to do so he let slip since each of the gardens through his fingers. Unlike was intended to portray the the Due d'Enghien, who character of its client and to won his victory at Rocroi embody his own intentions. through reckless personal At Vaux, it was clearly the daring, Louis, despite his will of Fouquet as an indi often-demonstrated physi vidual that was portrayed cal courage, was never quite and embodied in landscape. able to let himself go in that At Versailles, it was the 416. Mont-Louis, France. Fortifications. way. So all his victories realm of Louis XIV, his Vauban. Air view. were in a sense secondhand. -
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & the Exuberance of Mamluk Design
The Aesthetics of Islamic Architecture & The Exuberance of Mamluk Design Tarek A. El-Akkad Dipòsit Legal: B. 17657-2013 ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del s eu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. -
Glossary of Terms
www.nysmm.org Glossary of Terms Some definitions have links to images. ABATIS: Barricade of felled trees with their branches towards the attack and sharpened (primitive version of "barbed wire"). ARROW SLITS: Narrow openings in a wall through which defenders can fire arrows. (also called loopholes) ARTILLERY: An excellent GLOSSARY for Civil War era (and other) Artillery terminologies can be found at civilwarartillery.com/main.htm (Link will open new window.) BAILEY: The walled enclosure or the outer courtyard of a castle. (Ward, Parade) BANQUETTE: The step of earth within the parapet, sufficiently high to enable standing defenders to fire over the crest of the parapet with ease. BARBICAN: Outworks, especially in front of a gate. A heavily fortified gate or tower. BARTIZAN (BARTISAN): Scottish term, projecting corner turret. A small overhanging turret on a tower s battlement. BASTION: A projection from a fortification arranged to give a wider range of fire or to allow firing along the main walls. Usually at the intersection of two walls. BATTER: Inclined face of a wall (Talus). BATTERED: May be used to describe crenellations. BATTERY: A section of guns, a named part of the main fortifications or a separate outer works position (e.g.. North Battery, Water Battery). BATTLEMENTS: The notched top (crenellated parapet) of a defensive wall, with open spaces (crenels) for firing weapons. BEAKED PROJECTION: see EN BEC. BELVEDERE: A pavilion or raised turret. BLOCKHOUSE: Usually a two story wood building with an overhanging second floor and rifle loops and could also have cannon ports (embrasures). Some three story versions. Some with corner projections similar to bastions. -
Defensive Structures
Defensive Structures Defensive Structures Bastion (Wikipedia) A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the main enclosure of a fortification, situated in both corners of a straight wall (termed curtain), with the shape of a sharp point, facilitating active defense against assaulting troops. It allows the defenders of the fort to cover adjacent bastions and curtains with defensive fire. The bastion was designed to offer a full range on which to attack oncoming troops. Previous fortifications were of little use within a certain range. The bastion solved this problem. By using cannon to cover the curtain side of the wall, the forward cannon could concentrate on oncoming targets. Types Various types of bastions have been used throughout history. Solid bastions are those that are filled up entirely, and have the ground even with the height of the rampart, without any empty space towards the center. Void or hollow bastions are those that have a rampart, or parapet, only around their flanks and faces, so that a void space is left towards the center. The ground is so low, that if the rampart is taken, no retrenchment can be made in the center, but what will lie under the fire of the besieged. A flat bastion is one built in the middle of a courtain, or enclosed court, when the court is too large to be defended by the bastions at its extremes. The term is also used of bastions built on a right line. A cut bastion is that which has a re-entering angle at the point. It was sometimes also called bastion with a tenaille. -
Typology 6: Military Structures
Typology 6: military structures Structures or environments for various purposes, strictly connected to wartime defence and offence. Although castles hold undeniable appeal, it was the collective notion of their ‘secret underground passages’ that first led to their exploration. Its very ‘genre’ is ascribable to the type of activity dealt with in speleology. For example, in relation to the position occupied by the ancient Praeneste, Strabone tells us that it not only had a natural defence but that it had underground walkways in all directions leading to the plains, which were both utilised as ‘secret passages’ and for the purposes of water supply. The point of the exploration is therefore to document other types of underground structures: wells, cisterns, warehouses, prisons, underground passages and connecting tunnels. Without of course calling off exploration and cognitive activity in those environments that only appear to be underground. Prior to the use of firearms, underground works inside the walls were not strictly necessary for defence purposes. Following their introduction, underground works immediately became a part of the fortification’s defence. In bastioned buildings, countermines and demolition installations generally constitute the most important defensive element. It should also be taken into account that over time and following partial destruction and burial or subsequent urban repairs, raised sections could end up below the level of adjacent ground. Defence works have been created almost everywhere, using different types of materials and sometimes using existing works. They can be used in the defence of houses, in territory control or in the defence of obligatory passages through valleys or along rivers. -
From Ireland and the Netherlands to Jamestown
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2010 Assurance and frustration : from Ireland and the Netherlands to Jamestown. Keith A. Donahoe University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Donahoe, Keith A., "Assurance and frustration : from Ireland and the Netherlands to Jamestown." (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 362. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/362 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ASSURANCE AND FRUSTRATION: FROM IRELAND AND THE NETHERLANDS TO JAMESTOWN By Keith A. Donahoe B.A.,Wright State University, 1986 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky December 2010 Copyright 2010 by Keith Allen Donahoe All rights reserved ASSURANCE AND FRUSTRATION: FROM IRELAND AND THE NETHERLANDS TO JAMESTOWN By Keith A. Donahoe B.A.,Wright State University, 1986 A Thesis Approved on Date By the following Thesis Committee Of. 10hn McLeod, Director Dr. Daniel Krebs Dr. John Hare 11 ------ -------------------~~--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--~- DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to Max and Maria for whom I try to make history fun. -
The Fortifications of Magdeburg
210 5.2 210 297 A contribution to the Monument Preservation Plan THE FORTIFICATIONS OF MAGDEBURG The building and subterranean passage of Zwischenwerk IVa (built in 1890) in the Harsdorfer Strasse, used by Magdeburg’s Landegard e.V. association from 1922 on (so-called “Fort Landegard”, which included a children’s home, a garden, and a home economy school), when another story was added to the casemate, transformed into a Waldschule (forest school) in 1925, converted into a recuperation home for women suffering from tuberculosis in 1930, and presently used by the Öko-Zentrum und Institut Magdeburg Sachsen-Anhalt e.V. - ÖZIM 108 2020 3 A contribution text to the Monument Preservation Plan THE FORTIFICATIONS OF MAGDEBURG Published by Stadtplanungsamt Magdeburg Text by Sabine Ullrich, cultcontext based on Monument Preservation Plan: The Fortifications of Magdeburg, compiled by Katja Trippler with the kind assistance of Dr. Bernhard Mai Photographs by Jill Luise Muessig and Hans-Wulf Kunze Front Cover The covered way of the counterscarp casemate in Ravelin II 4 CONTENTS :: CONTENTS View behind the crenellated wall in front of the Lukasklause, the canon is a replica of an original from 1669 in the Deutsches Historisches Museum in Berlin 5 CONTENTS :: CONTENTS CONTENTS PREFACES ...................................................................................................... 7 1. INTRODUCTION Magdeburg: the quintessential fortress city .............................................. 11 2. MONUMENT PRESERVATION PLAN Analysis – Information – -
Limites Urbaines Et Enceintes Fortifiées Éléments De Topologie Urbaine Au
LIMITES URBAINES ET ENCEINTES FORTIFIÉES ÉLÉMENTS DE TOPOLOGIE URBAINE AU PROCHE ORIENT e ANCIEN AU III MILLÉNAIRE AVANT NOTRE ÈRE Pascal BUTTERLIN Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne – ArScAn-VEPMO [email protected]. Il est couramment admis dans les études de l’urbanisme mésopotamien que les limites des villes sont la plupart du temps définies par les enceintes. Là où les conditions de conservation le permettent, les restes parfois spectaculaires de ces enceintes mésopotamiennes constituent un repère topographique simple qui permet d’évaluer la superficie d’ensemble non de l’espace bâti mais d’un périmètre de sécurité défini par ces enceintes (fig. 1). L’enceinte est une limite physique et symbolique évidente, célébrée dans l’épopée de Gilgameš comme l’une des marques par excellence de la dignité d’Uruk et de sa déesse. La superficie de ces périmètres fortifiés ou sécurisés est souvent le seul indicateur que nous ayons pour évaluer la taille de ces cités, une fois estimée l’ampleur de l’érosion subie par ces enceintes. Cela ne correspond pas, loin s’en faut, avec l’espace bâti, beaucoup plus difficile à évaluer, même quand des prospections intensives sur des sites permettent d’en avoir une idée. Il est très clair que ces périmètres atteignent souvent les 300-400 ha de superficie dans le sud et le centre de la Mésopotamie, qu’ils ne dépassent guère 80 à 100 ha dans le nord mésopotamien. Seules des capitales au destin exceptionnel dépassent ces superficies, Kiš probablement, Uruk puis Babylone et Ninive. Ces questions d’échelle ne sont pas anodines, surtout quand il s’agit de défendre ces périmètres sérieusement. -
Papers the Duties Corps of Royal Engineers
PAPERS ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH THE DUTIES OF THE CORPS OF ROYAL ENGINEERS. VOL. II. LONDON: PRINTED BY J, BARKER, 9, CRANE COURT, FLEEl' S1'REET. AI.D,CCC XXXVIII. CONTENTS. List ef Subsc1'ibers .............•.••.................•.•....... V Int1'oduction ................................................. Vil 1.-0n Intrenchments as Supports in Battle, and on the Necessity qf Completing the Military Organization of the Royal Engineers. By Lieutenant-Colonel REID, Royal Enginee1's ........... II.-Notes on the Charges of ,Military lvfines. By Lieutenant DENISON, Royal Enginee1's ................................... 19 III.-Account of the Demolition ef the Glaciere Bastion at Quebec, in 1828, '27 IV.-JJfemoranda on the Demolition rj the South Face ef Fort Schulem berg, Corfi't. By ]J;Jqjor MARSHALL, Royal Engineers .... 30 V.-A short Account ef the Demolition of the Pie1's rj' the Entrance Chamber ef the large Basin at Flushing, in 1809. By Colonel FANSHAWE, Royal Engineers ......................... VI.-E.vtract ef a Letter from Colou1'-Sergeant HARRIS, Royal Sappers and JVliners, to Colonel PASLEY, Royal Engineers, giving an Account of the Mode in which a Stranded S!1ip was bloznz tu pieces ...................................•......... 3(i VIL-Notes on the Fo1'mation ef Breaches by Artille1'y, containing an Abstract ef the E.ipe1'iments at Metz, and an Account of the Practice against Carnot's Wall at l¥oolwich. By Lieutenant DEN Is o N, Royal Engineers . ............•............. · 38 VIII.-.Afemoir on the Fortifications in l¥estcrn Germany, compiled from various sources ..................................... · 51 IX.-On Contoured Plans and Def,lade. By Lieutenant HARl'lEss, Royal Engineers ................................. · . · 'i S X.-Report on the .iYlanchester, Cheshire, Staffordshire, and the South Union Lines ef Railway (by order ef the Master-General and Board of Ordnance.) By Capt. -
Journal of the Commons House of Assembly of South Carolina 1726 To
Sou-.-M-j Ca.ro I iioa- C Co ';o>'> j r\'^'Z>crr\\:3\sJ III ' JOURNAL OF THE Commons House of Assembly OF South Carolina November 15, 1726-March 11, 1726/7 Edited by A. S. SALLEY State Historian of South Carolina Printed for the HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF SOUTH CAROLINA By the State Commercial Printing Company Columbia, S. C. 1946 : Tuesday the 15*'^ day of Xovemb'": 1726. The Hon*'^'^: the Speaker & the followino- meiubers iiiett accord- ing to adjournment. John Lloyd William Rhett ] Tho« : Hepworth Samuel Eveleigh \- Estf^ Benj"^,, Whitaker Robert Hume J Tho«: Barton The Speaker adjournal the house till tomorrow morning ten of the Clock. AVednesday morning the 16^'' day of Nov'"": 1726. The house mett according to adjournment & adjourn'd till three of the Clock in the afternoon The house mett according to adjournment The house adjourn'd till to morrow morning nine of the Clock Thursday the 17*'^ day of November 1726. The house mett according to adjournment Coll°: Hall & Cap*: Saunders were directed to waite on the President & to acquaint him the house was mett according to adjournment. Order'd that the Orders of the house be read ay"^'' : Avere read accordingly The following message was order'd to be sent to his Hon''' : the President & John Lloyd William Dry & Peter S*: Julien Avere appointed a Com'ittee to meet a Com'ittee of his ^Majesties Coun- cil on the Subject of the same. Ma3^ it please y'"",, Hon*"": We desire that j^our Hon'"": will be pleas'd to lay before this house all such letters as you have rec'd from his Excel!' : the Govern'": of New York or any other persons relating to the Indians who have had the insolence to kill our Friendly Indians in the settlement & as this house has appointed a Com'ittee to take that affair under Consideration, We desire a Com'ittee of his Majestie's Council may allso be appointed for that purpose. -
Travels in North-America, in the Years 1780–81–82 / by the Marquis De Chastellux; Tr
Library of Congress Travels in North-America, in the years 1780–81–82 / By the Marquis de Chastellux; Tr. from the French, by an English gentleman, who resided in America at the period, with notes by the translator; Also, a biographical sketch of the author, letters from Gen. Washington to the Marquis de Chastellux, and notes and corrections by the American editor. TRAVELS IN NORTH AMERICA, IN THE YEARS 1780–81–82. BY THE MARQUIS DE CHASTELLUX, ONE OF THE FORTY MEMBERS OF THE FRENCH ACADEMY AND MAJOR-GENERAL IN THE FRENCH ARMY, SERVING UNDER THE COUNT DE ROCHAMBEAU. TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH, BY AN ENGLISH GENTLEMAN, WHO RESIDED IN AMERICA AT THAT PERIOD. WITH NOTES BY THE TRANSLATOR. ALSO, A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR: LETTERS FROM GEN. WASHINGTON TO THE MARQUIS DE CHASTELLUX: AND NOTES AND CORRECTIONS, BY THE AMERICAN EDITOR. NEW-YORK: 1828. 769 3452 E163 c59 copy 2 21 1986 21 1915 IN EXCHANGE Cincinnati Pub. Lit. MAY 2-1917 Travels in North-America, in the years 1780–81–82 / By the Marquis de Chastellux; Tr. from the French, by an English gentleman, who resided in America at the period, with notes by the translator; Also, a biographical sketch of the author, letters from Gen. Washington to the Marquis de Chastellux, and notes and corrections by the American editor. http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbtn.06665 Library of Congress PREFACE TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. J. N. 5 - 24 As a memorial of the conflict which made the United States one of the nations of the earth, and a sketch of the features of the country, with some of the principal arbiters of its destiny in that momentous period, the Travels Of The Marquis De Chastellux will ever hold an honourable place in the interest and feelings, either of the American patriot or mere speculative reader.